CN111229808A - Remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution - Google Patents
Remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN111229808A CN111229808A CN202010042562.8A CN202010042562A CN111229808A CN 111229808 A CN111229808 A CN 111229808A CN 202010042562 A CN202010042562 A CN 202010042562A CN 111229808 A CN111229808 A CN 111229808A
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 186
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000589540 Pseudomonas fluorescens Species 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000842328 Bidens bipinnata Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000219173 Carica Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000104272 Bidens pilosa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010662 Bidens pilosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution, which relates to the technical field of remediation of polluted soil and comprises the following steps: s1, excavating and crushing the soil polluted by heavy metal to be repaired to obtain soil particles of the soil; s2, paving a wheat straw repairing layer with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the excavated soil, and then paving soil particles of the soil on the wheat straw repairing layer with the paving thickness of 20 cm; s3, adding a soil repairing agent to the paved soil polluted by the heavy metal, and turning the soil polluted by the heavy metal up and down after the soil repairing agent is added. The remediation method for treating the heavy metal contaminated soil combines multiple remediation methods such as chemical remediation, physical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil, greatly improves the remediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, shortens the remediation period of a single remediation method, and is suitable for remediateing a large area of heavy metal contaminated soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of contaminated soil remediation, in particular to a remediation method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil.
Background
The soil heavy metal pollution is caused by excessive deposition of heavy metals in the waste in the soil. The heavy metals in the polluted soil mainly comprise elements with obvious biological toxicity, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium, metalloid arsenic and the like, and elements with certain toxicity, such as zinc, copper, nickel and the like. Mainly comes from mining waste residues, pesticides, waste water, sludge, atmospheric sedimentation and the like, for example, mercury mainly comes from mercury-containing waste water, cadmium and lead pollution mainly comes from smelting emission and automobile waste gas sedimentation, and arsenic is widely used as an insecticide, a bactericide, a rodenticide and a herbicide. Excessive heavy metal can cause physiological dysfunction and nutritional disorder of plants, the enrichment coefficient of elements such as cadmium, mercury and the like in crop seeds is higher, even if the enrichment coefficient exceeds the food sanitation standard, the growth, development and yield of crops are not influenced, in addition, mercury and arsenic can weaken and inhibit the activities of nitrifying and ammoniating bacteria in soil, and the nitrogen supply is influenced. The heavy metal pollutants have small mobility in soil, are not easy to leach with water, are not degraded by microorganisms, and have great potential hazard after entering human bodies through food chains, so that the remediation of the heavy metal polluted soil is very important.
In the prior art, the common methods for restoring the heavy metal contaminated soil mainly comprise five methods of engineering treatment restoration, physical and chemical restoration, agricultural restoration and biological restoration. Although the methods have a certain effect in practical application, more or less manpower and financial consumption are high, the implementation is complex, the treatment cost is high, the soil fertility is reduced easily, the heavy metal removal type is single, the repair time is long, the repair effect is poor, and the large-scale popularization and application are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating and crushing the soil polluted by the heavy metal to be repaired to obtain soil fragments of the soil;
s2, paving a wheat straw repairing layer with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the excavated soil, and then paving soil particles of the soil on the wheat straw repairing layer with the paving thickness of 20 cm;
s3, adding a soil repairing agent on the paved soil polluted by the heavy metal, turning the soil polluted by the heavy metal up and down after the soil repairing agent is added, spraying water solution while turning, and keeping the humidity of the soil polluted by the heavy metal to be 15-20%;
s4, uniformly sprinkling a certain amount of pH adjusting solution on the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom until the measured pH value slowly rises to 8-10, and maintaining the humidity of the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom at 30-45%;
s5, paving a wheat straw repairing layer on the surface of the soil again to ensure that the wheat straw repairing layer can completely cover the whole soil surface, planting the bidens bipinnata on the surface of the soil, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the bidens bipinnata are 25-30cm and 15-25cm, and watering is carried out regularly, and the watering period can be three times a week;
s6, removing the sticktight after 2-3 months, and recycling the added soil remediation agent and the wheat straw layer to finish the remediation work of the soil polluted by the heavy metal.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the excavation depth of the soil in the S1 is 20-30cm, animal and plant residues in the soil are removed, the soil is fully and uniformly mixed after being screened by a nylon sieve, and the crushed soil with the particle size of 3-5mm is formed.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the length of the broken segments of the wheat straws in the S2 is about 2-3cm, the wheat straws are soaked in 8% sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature is kept at 50 ℃ for soaking for 4h, diphenylmethane diisocyanate is added and dissolved in acetone, the mass ratio of the mixture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the acetone to the wheat straws is 7:100, the mixture is heated to 60 ℃, and the mixture is stirred and reacts for 2h to obtain the wheat straw repairing layer.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the pH adjusting solution in S4 can be ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 15%, or phosphoric acid solution with a mass fraction of 0.5-1%.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the soil remediation agent in S3 comprises biochar, plant ash, phosphate, a heavy metal capturing agent and a heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80 parts of charcoal, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of phosphate, 3-5 parts of heavy metal collector and 6-8 parts of heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and the soil can be repaired by uniformly mixing the components.
The technical scheme is further optimized, the biochar comprises biochar prepared from cow dung raw materials and biochar prepared from papaya seed raw materials, the weight ratio of the cow dung biochar to the papaya seed biochar is 3:1, the biochar is soaked in acetic acid for 4 hours before use.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the heavy metal trapping agent comprises chitosan, arginine, NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), wherein 55-60 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of arginine, 30-40 parts of a mixture of NHS and EDC.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the preparation of the heavy metal trapping agent comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan and arginine in water, adding a mixture of EDC and NHS, adjusting the pH value to 6 while stirring, concentrating for 12 hours, and drying to obtain the required heavy metal trapping agent.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the heavy metal activation microbial inoculum comprises bacillus and pseudomonas fluorescens, the mass fraction ratio of the bacillus to the pseudomonas fluorescens is 2:1, and the capacity of the heavy metal activation microbial inoculum inoculated in each kilogram of soil to be repaired is 200-300 mL.
The technical scheme is further optimized, and the phosphate is a mixture of at least two of calcium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for repairing the heavy metal soil pollution, the pH is adjusted by adopting the ammonia water, so that different heavy metals in the soil can be precipitated more completely, the heavy metals in the soil can be removed more completely, and the soil repairing effect is better.
2. The remediation method for treating the heavy metal contaminated soil combines multiple remediation methods such as chemical remediation, physical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil, greatly improves the remediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, shortens the remediation period of a single remediation method, and is suitable for remediateing a large area of heavy metal contaminated soil.
3. According to the remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution, the wheat straws can not only realize blocking adsorption of leached heavy metal ions, but also can be decomposed under the action of microorganisms, so that the fertility of the soil can be increased, and the decomposed wheat straws can realize adsorption and fixation of heavy metals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a remediation method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating and crushing the soil polluted by heavy metal to be repaired to obtain soil fragments, wherein the excavation depth of the soil is 20-30cm, removing animal and plant residues in the soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil after nylon screening to form the soil fragments with the particle size of 3-5 mm;
s2, paving a wheat straw repairing layer with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the excavated soil, enabling the crushed segments of the wheat straws to be about 2-3cm long, soaking the wheat straws in 8% sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 4 hours, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate to dissolve in acetone, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the acetone to the wheat straws is 7:100, heating to 60 ℃, stirring and reacting for 2 hours, obtaining a wheat straw repairing layer, then laying soil particles of soil on the wheat straw repairing layer with the laying thickness of 20cm, wherein the wheat straw not only can realize barrier adsorption of leached heavy metal ions, meanwhile, the wheat straw can be decomposed under the action of microorganisms, so that the fertility of soil can be increased, and the decomposed wheat straw can adsorb and fix heavy metals;
s3, adding a soil restoration agent on the paved soil polluted by the heavy metal, wherein the soil restoration agent comprises biochar, plant ash, phosphate, a heavy metal trapping agent and a heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and the soil restoration agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80 parts of charcoal, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of phosphate, 3-5 parts of heavy metal collector and 6-8 parts of heavy metal activation microbial inoculum, wherein the components are uniformly mixed to repair the soil, the soil polluted by the heavy metal is turned over up and down after the addition is finished, water solution is sprayed while turning over, and the humidity of the soil polluted by the heavy metal is kept at 15-20%;
s4, uniformly sprinkling a certain amount of pH adjusting solution on the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom, wherein the pH adjusting solution can be ammonia water solution, the mass fraction of the ammonia water solution is 15%, the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid water solution can also be phosphoric acid water solution, the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid water solution is 0.5-1%, the sprinkling is carried out until the measured pH value slowly rises to 8-10, the humidity of the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom is maintained at 30-45%, and the ammonia water is adopted to adjust the pH value, so that different heavy metals in the soil are precipitated more completely, the heavy metals in the soil are removed more completely, and the soil repairing effect is better;
s5, paving a wheat straw repairing layer on the surface of the soil again to ensure that the wheat straw repairing layer can completely cover the whole soil surface, planting the bidens bipinnata on the surface of the soil, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the bidens bipinnata are 25-30cm and 15-25cm, and watering is carried out regularly, and the watering period can be three times a week;
s6, removing the sticktight after 2-3 months, and recycling the added soil remediation agent and the wheat straw layer to finish the remediation work of the soil polluted by the heavy metal.
The biochar comprises biochar prepared from a cow dung raw material and biochar prepared from a papaya seed raw material, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung biochar to the papaya seed biochar is 3:1, and the biochar is soaked in acetic acid for 4 hours before use.
The heavy metal trapping agent comprises chitosan, arginine, NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), wherein 55-60 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of arginine, 30-40 parts of a mixture of NHS and EDC are dissolved in water, the mixture of EDC and NHS is added, the pH value is adjusted to 6 while stirring, and after the mixture is concentrated for 12 hours, the required heavy metal trapping agent is obtained after drying.
The heavy metal activation microbial inoculum comprises bacillus and pseudomonas fluorescens, the mass fraction ratio of the bacillus to the pseudomonas fluorescens is 2:1, and the volume of the heavy metal activation microbial inoculum inoculated to each kilogram of soil to be repaired is 200-300 mL.
Wherein the phosphate is a mixture of at least two of calcium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method combines a plurality of remediation methods such as chemical remediation, physical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil, greatly improves the remediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, shortens the remediation period of a single remediation method, and is suitable for remediateing large-area heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example two:
a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating and crushing the soil polluted by heavy metal to be repaired to obtain soil fragments, wherein the excavation depth of the soil is 30-40cm, removing animal and plant residues in the soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil after nylon screening to form the soil fragments with the particle size of 5-7 mm;
s2, paving a wheat straw repairing layer with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the excavated soil, enabling the crushed segments of the wheat straws to be about 2-3cm long, soaking the wheat straws in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 4 hours, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate to dissolve in acetone, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the acetone to the wheat straws is 10:100, heating to 60 ℃, stirring and reacting for 2 hours, obtaining a wheat straw repairing layer, then laying soil particles of soil on the wheat straw repairing layer with the laying thickness of 20cm, wherein the wheat straw not only can realize barrier adsorption of leached heavy metal ions, meanwhile, the wheat straw can be decomposed under the action of microorganisms, so that the fertility of soil can be increased, and the decomposed wheat straw can adsorb and fix heavy metals;
s3, adding a soil restoration agent on the paved soil polluted by the heavy metal, wherein the soil restoration agent comprises biochar, plant ash, phosphate, a heavy metal trapping agent and a heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and the soil restoration agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-80 parts of charcoal, 15-30 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of phosphate, 3-7 parts of heavy metal collector and 6-10 parts of heavy metal activation microbial inoculum, wherein the components are uniformly mixed to repair the soil, the soil polluted by the heavy metal is turned over up and down after the addition is finished, water solution is sprayed while turning over, and the humidity of the soil polluted by the heavy metal is kept at 15-20%;
s4, uniformly sprinkling a certain amount of pH adjusting solution on the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom, wherein the pH adjusting solution can be ammonia water solution, the mass fraction of the ammonia water solution is 15%, the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid water solution can also be phosphoric acid water solution, the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid water solution is 0.5-1%, the sprinkling is carried out until the measured pH value slowly rises to 10-11, the humidity of the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom is maintained at 30-45%, and the ammonia water is adopted to adjust the pH value, so that different heavy metals in the soil are precipitated more completely, the heavy metals in the soil are removed more completely, and the soil repairing effect is better;
s5, paving a wheat straw repairing layer on the surface of the soil again to ensure that the wheat straw repairing layer can completely cover the whole soil surface, planting the bidens bipinnata on the surface of the soil, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the bidens bipinnata are 25-30cm and 20-30cm, and watering is carried out regularly, and the watering period can be three times a week;
s6, removing the sticktight after 2-4 months, and recycling the added soil remediation agent and the wheat straw layer to finish the remediation work of the soil polluted by the heavy metal.
The biochar comprises biochar prepared from a cow dung raw material and biochar prepared from a papaya seed raw material, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung biochar to the papaya seed biochar is 3:1, and the biochar is soaked in acetic acid for 4 hours before use.
The heavy metal trapping agent comprises chitosan, arginine, NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), wherein 55-60 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of arginine, 20-40 parts of a mixture of NHS and EDC are dissolved in water, the mixture of EDC and NHS is added, the pH value is adjusted to 6 while stirring, and after the mixture is concentrated for 12 hours, the required heavy metal trapping agent is obtained after drying.
The heavy metal activation microbial inoculum comprises bacillus and pseudomonas fluorescens, the mass fraction ratio of the bacillus to the pseudomonas fluorescens is 2:1, and the volume of the heavy metal activation microbial inoculum inoculated to each kilogram of soil to be repaired is 200-300 mL.
Wherein the phosphate is a mixture of at least two of calcium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method combines a plurality of remediation methods such as chemical remediation, physical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil, greatly improves the remediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, shortens the remediation period of a single remediation method, and is suitable for remediateing large-area heavy metal contaminated soil.
Example three:
a remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution comprises the following steps:
s1, excavating and crushing the soil polluted by heavy metal to be repaired to obtain soil fragments, wherein the excavation depth of the soil is 40-50cm, removing animal and plant residues in the soil, and fully and uniformly mixing the soil after nylon screening to form the soil fragments with the particle size of 6-8 mm;
s2, paving a wheat straw repairing layer with the thickness of 4-5cm at the bottom of the excavated soil, enabling the crushed segments of the wheat straws to be about 2-3cm long, soaking the wheat straws in a 10% sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for 4h, adding diphenylmethane diisocyanate to dissolve in acetone, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the acetone to the wheat straws is 15:100, heating to 60 ℃, stirring and reacting for 2 hours, obtaining a wheat straw repairing layer, then laying soil particles of soil on the wheat straw repairing layer with the laying thickness of 30cm, wherein the wheat straw not only can realize barrier adsorption of leached heavy metal ions, meanwhile, the wheat straw can be decomposed under the action of microorganisms, so that the fertility of soil can be increased, and the decomposed wheat straw can adsorb and fix heavy metals;
s3, adding a soil restoration agent on the paved soil polluted by the heavy metal, wherein the soil restoration agent comprises biochar, plant ash, phosphate, a heavy metal trapping agent and a heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and the soil restoration agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80 parts of charcoal, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of phosphate, 5-7 parts of heavy metal collector and 8-10 parts of heavy metal activation microbial inoculum, wherein the components are uniformly mixed to repair the soil, the soil polluted by the heavy metal is turned over up and down after the addition is finished, water solution is sprayed while turning over, and the humidity of the soil polluted by the heavy metal is kept at 15-20%;
s4, uniformly sprinkling a certain amount of pH adjusting solution on the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom, wherein the pH adjusting solution can be ammonia water solution, the mass fraction of the ammonia water solution is 15%, the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid water solution can also be phosphoric acid water solution, the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid water solution is 0.5-1%, the sprinkling is carried out until the measured pH value slowly rises to 11-12, the humidity of the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom is maintained at 30-45%, and the ammonia water is adopted to adjust the pH value, so that different heavy metals in the soil are precipitated more completely, the heavy metals in the soil are removed more completely, and the soil repairing effect is better;
s5, paving a wheat straw repairing layer on the surface of the soil again to ensure that the wheat straw repairing layer can completely cover the whole soil surface, planting the bidens bipinnata on the surface of the soil, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the bidens bipinnata are 25-30cm and 20-30cm, and watering is carried out regularly, and the watering period can be three times a week;
s6, removing the sticktight after 3-4 months, and recycling the added soil remediation agent and the wheat straw layer to finish the remediation work of the soil polluted by the heavy metal.
The biochar comprises biochar prepared from a cow dung raw material and biochar prepared from a papaya seed raw material, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung biochar to the papaya seed biochar is 3:1, and the biochar is soaked in acetic acid for 4 hours before use.
The heavy metal trapping agent comprises chitosan, arginine, NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), wherein 60-70 parts of chitosan, 20-30 parts of arginine, 30-40 parts of a mixture of NHS and EDC are dissolved in water, the mixture of EDC and NHS is added, the pH value is adjusted to 7 while stirring, and after the mixture is concentrated for 12 hours, the required heavy metal trapping agent is obtained after drying.
The heavy metal activation microbial inoculum comprises bacillus and pseudomonas fluorescens, the mass fraction ratio of the bacillus to the pseudomonas fluorescens is 2:1, and the capacity of the heavy metal activation microbial inoculum inoculated to each kilogram of soil to be repaired is 300-400 mL.
Wherein the phosphate is a mixture of at least two of calcium phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method combines a plurality of remediation methods such as chemical remediation, physical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil, greatly improves the remediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, shortens the remediation period of a single remediation method, and is suitable for remediateing large-area heavy metal contaminated soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pH is adjusted by adopting ammonia water, so that different heavy metals in the soil can be precipitated more completely, the heavy metals in the soil can be removed more completely, and the soil remediation effect is better; the wheat straw not only can realize barrier adsorption of leached heavy metal ions, but also can be decomposed under the action of microorganisms, so that the fertility of soil can be increased, and the decomposed wheat straw can realize adsorption and fixation of heavy metals; the remediation method for treating the heavy metal contaminated soil combines multiple remediation methods such as chemical remediation, physical remediation, microbial remediation and phytoremediation to remediate the heavy metal contaminated soil, greatly improves the remediation effect of the heavy metal contaminated soil, shortens the remediation period of a single remediation method, and is suitable for remediateing a large area of heavy metal contaminated soil.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The remediation method for treating the heavy metal soil pollution is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, excavating and crushing the soil polluted by the heavy metal to be repaired to obtain soil fragments of the soil;
s2, paving a wheat straw repairing layer with the thickness of 2-3cm at the bottom of the excavated soil, and then paving soil particles of the soil on the wheat straw repairing layer with the paving thickness of 20 cm;
s3, adding a soil repairing agent on the paved soil polluted by the heavy metal, turning the soil polluted by the heavy metal up and down after the soil repairing agent is added, spraying water solution while turning, and keeping the humidity of the soil polluted by the heavy metal to be 15-20%;
s4, uniformly sprinkling a certain amount of pH adjusting solution on the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom until the measured pH value slowly rises to 8-10, and maintaining the humidity of the soil layer to be repaired at the bottom at 30-45%;
s5, paving a wheat straw repairing layer on the surface of the soil again to ensure that the wheat straw repairing layer can completely cover the whole soil surface, planting the bidens bipinnata on the surface of the soil, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing of the bidens bipinnata are 25-30cm and 15-25cm, and watering is carried out regularly, and the watering period can be three times a week;
s6, removing the sticktight after 2-3 months, and recycling the added soil remediation agent and the wheat straw layer to finish the remediation work of the soil polluted by the heavy metal.
2. The remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 1, wherein the excavation depth of the soil in the S1 is 20-30cm, animal and plant residues in the soil are removed, the soil is thoroughly and uniformly mixed after being screened by a nylon screen, and crushed soil particles with the particle size of 3-5mm are formed.
3. The remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 1, wherein the length of the crushed wheat straw in S2 is about 2-3cm, the wheat straw is soaked in 8% sodium hydroxide solution, the temperature is kept at 50 ℃ for 4h, diphenylmethane diisocyanate is added and dissolved in acetone, the mass ratio of the mixture of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the acetone to the wheat straw is 7:100, the mixture is heated to 60 ℃, and the mixture is stirred and reacted for 2h to obtain the wheat straw remediation layer.
4. The remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 1, wherein the pH adjusting solution in S4 is an aqueous ammonia solution, the mass fraction of the aqueous ammonia solution is 15%, or is an aqueous phosphoric acid solution, and the mass fraction of phosphoric acid in the aqueous phosphoric acid solution is 0.5-1%.
5. The remediation method of claim 1, wherein the soil remediation agent of S3 comprises biochar, plant ash, phosphate, a heavy metal capturing agent, and a heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-80 parts of charcoal, 15-20 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of phosphate, 3-5 parts of heavy metal collector and 6-8 parts of heavy metal activating microbial inoculum, and the soil can be repaired by uniformly mixing the components.
6. The remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 5, wherein the biochar comprises biochar prepared from cow dung and papaya seed, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the papaya seed is 3:1, and the biochar is soaked in acetic acid for 4 hours before use.
7. The remediation method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 5, wherein the heavy metal trapping agent comprises chitosan, arginine, NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) and EDC (1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), wherein the chitosan is 55-60 parts, the arginine is 20-30 parts, and the mixture of the NHS and EDC is 30-40 parts.
8. The remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 7, wherein the preparation of the heavy metal trapping agent comprises the following steps: dissolving chitosan and arginine in water, adding a mixture of EDC and NHS, adjusting the pH value to 6 while stirring, concentrating for 12 hours, and drying to obtain the required heavy metal trapping agent.
9. The remediation method for treating heavy metal soil pollution according to claim 5, wherein the heavy metal activating microbial inoculum comprises Bacillus and Pseudomonas fluorescens, the mass fraction ratio of Bacillus to Pseudomonas fluorescens is 2:1, and the volume of the heavy metal activating microbial inoculum inoculated per kilogram of soil to be remediated is 200-300 mL.
10. The remediation method of claim 5, wherein the phosphate is a mixture of at least two of calcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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