CN101711687B - 外科进入装置 - Google Patents

外科进入装置 Download PDF

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CN101711687B
CN101711687B CN2009101741147A CN200910174114A CN101711687B CN 101711687 B CN101711687 B CN 101711687B CN 2009101741147 A CN2009101741147 A CN 2009101741147A CN 200910174114 A CN200910174114 A CN 200910174114A CN 101711687 B CN101711687 B CN 101711687B
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access device
sealing
retractor
surgical access
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C·W·威登豪斯
W·B·威森伯格二世
F·E·谢尔顿四世
D·K·诺维尔
R·P·吉尔
J·W·沃格尔
M·A·默里
C·J·赫斯
M·S·克罗珀
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B17/3421Cannulas
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3462Trocars; Puncturing needles with means for changing the diameter or the orientation of the entrance port of the cannula, e.g. for use with different-sized instruments, reduction ports, adapter seals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/012Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor
    • A61B1/018Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments
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    • A61B17/0218Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors for minimally invasive surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B17/3421Cannulas
    • A61B2017/3445Cannulas used as instrument channel for multiple instruments
    • A61B2017/3447Linked multiple cannulas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
    • A61B17/3421Cannulas
    • A61B2017/3445Cannulas used as instrument channel for multiple instruments
    • A61B2017/3449Cannulas used as instrument channel for multiple instruments whereby the instrument channels merge into one single channel
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3462Trocars; Puncturing needles with means for changing the diameter or the orientation of the entrance port of the cannula, e.g. for use with different-sized instruments, reduction ports, adapter seals
    • A61B2017/3466Trocars; Puncturing needles with means for changing the diameter or the orientation of the entrance port of the cannula, e.g. for use with different-sized instruments, reduction ports, adapter seals for simultaneous sealing of multiple instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2505/00Evaluating, monitoring or diagnosing in the context of a particular type of medical care
    • A61B2505/05Surgical care

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种外科进入装置。具体地说,本发明提供了各种装置用来允许多种外科器械以不同的插入角度插过单个外科进入装置,从而允许在维持注气的同时易于在患者体内进行操作。本发明还提供了安全防护件和释放机构用于同各种外科进入装置一起使用。

Description

外科进入装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用以提供进入体腔的外科通路的外科进入装置。
背景技术
腹部腹腔镜外科手术在20世纪80年代后期获得流行,这时与传统的(开放式)手术相比,腹腔镜胆囊摘除的优点变得很明显。术后恢复时间减少,术后疼痛和伤口感染明显减轻,以及美观效果的提高是腹腔镜外科手术的非常确实的优点,这主要来源于用腹腔镜的外科医生能够使用体腔壁上更小的切口进行手术。
腹腔镜手术过程总体上涉及到用二氧化碳气体注进腹腔,达到大约15mmHg的压力。刺穿腹壁,然后将直径5~10mm的直管状套管或者套管针套筒插进腹腔。连接到手术室监视器的腹腔镜望远镜被用来显示手术视野,并经套管针套筒进行放置。腹腔镜器械(抓紧器,解剖器,剪刀,牵开器等)经过用于由外科医生或外科助理操纵的两个或者更多额外的套管针套筒放置。
最近,引入了利用2~3mm直径的直套管针套筒和腹腔镜器械的所谓“微腹腔镜术”。如果成功,微腹腔镜术允许进一步减小腹壁创口并改进美观效果。然而,用于微腹腔镜手术过程的器械一般更贵而且易碎。因为性能上的限制,由于直径更小(冲吸系统不结实,耐用性差,视频质量低),微腹腔镜器械一般只能用在选出来的解剖构造有利的患者(腔壁薄,没什么粘附,炎症最小等)。这些患者代表的是需要腹腔镜手术过程的患者中很小的百分比。此外,更小的2~3mm切口仍然可造成不希望的美观结果和伤口并发症(流血,感染,疼痛,形成瘢痕等)。
由于证明了体腔切口更小、更少的优点,所以,希望仅仅利用肚脐上的单个切口执行手术。脐是腹壁中隐藏很好而且最薄、血管最少的区域。脐一般是腹腔镜手术过程中腹腔入口优选的选择。脐切口容易被扩大(为了取出更大的样本),不会显著地损及美容,而且不会增加伤口并发症的机会。在脐中并排地放置两个或者更多标准(直)套管和腹腔镜器械产生了所谓的“筷子效应”,该效应描述了外科医生手之间、外科医生手和器械之间以及器械之间的干扰。这种干扰大大地减少了外科医师执行所述手术过程的能力。
于是,需要这样的器械和套管针系统:允许腹腔镜手术过程整体上经过脐或者位于别处的外科手术口进行,而同时减少或者消除“筷子效应”。
发明内容
本发明总体上提供了用于允许外科进入到患者身体内部的外科进入装置。在一种实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括牵开器,牵开器具有延伸穿过的开口,用于形成穿过组织进入体腔的路径。支架可结合到牵开器上并可限定延伸穿过的纵向轴线。支架可包括与牵开器中的开口连通的多个刚性密封端口。在一些实施方式中,每个密封端口中都可具有密封元件,并可具有中心轴线。该中心轴线与支架的纵向轴线成大于零的角度。每个密封端口的中心轴线可不同于所有其他密封端口的中心轴线。
在一种示例性实施方式中,密封端口中的至少一个可具有直径不同于其他密封端口的开口直径的开口。这些密封端口是可以相对于支架转动的,并且两个或者更多的密封端口可以相对于支架作为一个单元转动。每一个密封元件都能够横向和枢转运动,并可相对于支架自由运动,使中心轴线的角方位是可调节的。在一种实施方式中,适配器能够可去除地配接到至少一个密封端口,以改变密封端口的有效直径。在其他实施方式中,适配器可具有非圆形横截面,以接收具有非圆形横截面的外科器械并与该器械形成密封。
虽然支架可以具有任意构造,但是,在一种实施方式中,支架可以在凸构造和凹构造之间变动。支架可以相对于牵开器转动。柔性连接器,例如波纹管,可在支架和牵开器之间延伸,以允许支架相对于牵开器沿多轴运动。在一些实施方式中,支架可以铰接的方式连接到牵开器。牵开器可包括近侧凸缘和远侧凸缘,柔性的圆柱形部分在两个凸缘之间延伸。支架可包括以可释放的方式结合到牵开器近侧凸缘的远侧环状件。外科进入装置还可以包括释放机构,其能够允许支架选择性地与牵开器接合和脱开。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,外科进入装置可包括柔性防护件,其设置在牵开器内并能够保护牵开器不受经过密封端口和牵开器插入外科器械造成的损害。牵开器可任选地包括照明元件,其设置牵开器上,以允许照亮体腔。
在另一种实施方式中,提供一种外科进入装置,其可包括支架,支架具有内有密封元件的多个刚性密封端口,用于接收外科器械。所述多个密封端口可具有彼此不同的延伸穿过的中心轴线。在一些实施方式中,密封端口的中心轴线可不同于支架的中心纵向轴线,而且密封端口中的至少一个可相对于支架转动。
外科进入装置可进一步包括从支架向远侧延伸的柔性套管,用于接收插过密封端口的外科器械。在一种示例性实施方式中,支架可相对于柔性套管转动。支架可任选地是柔性的并可在凸构造和凹构造之间变动,以允许密封端口的中心轴线重新定向。
在其他方面,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括有多个密封端口的支架。每个密封端口都可具有能够围绕具有非圆形横截面的器械形成密封的非圆形开口的密封件,并且每个密封件都可相对于支架转动,以允许该密封件随着插过的器械转动并保持围绕该器械的密封。在一种实施方式中,每个密封件都可有不同的非圆形开口形状,并且密封件的至少一个的非圆形开口可具有包括但不限于三角形、四边形和椭圆形的形状。该外科进入装置可进一步包括从支架伸出的牵开器,其可具有穿过牵开器形成的开口,用于接收外科器械。支架可相对于牵开器转动,密封件可相对于牵开器浮动。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括具有贯穿延伸的开口的牵开器和结合到牵开器并具有多个密封端口的支架。支架可相对于牵开器自由转动以允许在使用过程中经过密封端口确定外科手术器械的位置。密封端口可选择性地在支架内以非对称方式进行定位。外科进入装置也可包括设置在牵开器和支架之间并能够允许支架转动的基座圈。释放机构可按照可释放的方式配接到牵开器和支架,并能够允许支架从牵开器分离。在一些实施方式中,密封端口中的至少一个可被定向为中心轴线不同于支架和牵开器的中心纵向轴线,并且密封端口中至少一个可相对于支架转动。此外,至少一个密封端口可具有密封元件,其在与支架的中心纵向轴线成一定角度的平面内延伸,而且该平面和支架的中心纵向轴线之间的角度是可调的。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括支架,支架具有从其伸出的柔性套管,柔性套管能够引导外科器械进入患者体内。密封元件可设置在支架内,并能够接收外科器械。密封元件可相对于支架转动,以允许插过密封元件和柔性套管的外科装置在里面转动,而不会引起柔性套管转动。密封元件可设置在穿过支架形成的开口内,并可包括用于围绕外科器械形成密封的器械密封件和用于在没有器械插过时在开口中形成密封的通道密封件中的至少一个。在一些实施方式中,外科进入装置可进一步包括导引缆线,其结合于柔性套管并能够沿着弯曲的路径导引柔性套管。还可包括锁定机构,用于锁定密封元件相对于支架和柔性套管的转动运动。
各种防护件和环管可与外科进入装置的各种实施方式一起使用,并在一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,其可包括牵开器,牵开器具有贯穿延伸的开口,用于形成穿过组织进入体腔中的路径。支架可结合于牵开器并可具有用于接收外科器械的多个密封端口。柔性防护件可设置在牵开器内,并能够保护组织不受经密封端口和牵开器插入外科器械所造成的损害。在一些实施方式中,柔性防护件可具有至少同牵开器的长度一样长的长度。在其他实施方式中,柔性防护件的长度大于牵开器的长度。
柔性防护件可结合到支架并能够从支架伸到进行外科手术的患者的体腔中。导引缆线可结合于柔性防护件并能够沿弯曲的路径导引柔性防护件。在一种实施方式中,柔性防护件可以以可去除的方式结合于支架,并用本领域中已知的任何合适材料形成,包括但不限于硅有机树脂、尿烷、热塑性弹性体、橡胶、聚烯烃、聚酯纤维、尼龙和含氟聚合物。每个密封端口都可有彼此不同并不同于支架的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线。支架可相对于牵开器转动,而且密封端口中至少一个可相对于支架转动。在一些实施方式中,外科进入装置可进一步包括在支架和牵开器之间延伸以允许支架相对于牵开器沿多轴线运动的柔性连接器。这样,柔性防护件可延伸穿过柔性连接器和牵开器。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括支架,支架有用于接收外科器械的多个密封端口。牵开器能够定位在患者身体的开口中,并可从支架向外侧延伸,用于接收插过密封端口的外科手术器械。环管可从支架向近侧延伸,并能够保护组织不受进入到支架密封端口内的外科器械的插入所造成的损害。环管可具有基本上为锥形的形状,具有远侧开口和近侧开口,远侧开口可接收支架的基座。在一种实施方式中,至少环管的远侧部分基本上是刚性的,可以由例如聚碳酸酯或者高密度聚乙烯形成。在其他实施方式中,至少环管的近侧部分基本上是柔性的,可以由例如硅有机树脂、尿烷、热塑性弹性体和橡胶形成。
环管在其远侧部分上面可包括能够释放的紧固元件,用于以可释放的方式将环管固定到支架。在一种实施方式中,紧固元件可以是一个或者更多悬臂式的卡扣件。此外,环管可具有围绕其近侧部分设置的多个缝线孔,用于将环管紧固到组织。支架可相对于牵开器转动,并且环管的转动能有效地转动支架。在一些实施方式中,环管可包括用于定向支架并引导外科器械进入密封端口的引导标记。
在一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括具有面向近侧的表面和面向远侧的表面的基座圈、从基座圈的面向远侧的表面向远侧延伸的牵开器以及从基座圈的面向近侧的表面向近侧延伸的支架。支架可具有多个密封端口以及可经过牵开器的内部从基座圈向远侧延伸的防护件。防护件能够保护牵开器不受外科器械贯穿插入所造成的损害。
在一些实施方式中,防护件可以以可释放的方式结合于基座圈,并可具有大于牵开器长度的长度。导引缆线可结合于柔性防护件并能够沿着弯曲路径导引柔性防护件。外科进入装置还可包括用于从基座圈去除环管的释放机构。在一种实施方式中,外科进入装置可包括从所述多个密封端口中的每一个向远侧延伸的多个防护件。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括有多个进入端口的支架。每个进入端口可包括密封元件,密封元件具有缝,适合于当没有器械穿过时选择性地打开和关闭以密封进入端口。此外,每个缝可基本上与支架的周面相切地延伸。密封元件中至少一个可在打开时具有最大直径,该最大直径不同于密封元件中另外一个在打开时的最大直径。
在一些实施方式中,密封元件中至少一个的最近侧部分可与支架的最近侧部分对齐。在其他实施方式中,密封元件中至少一个的最近侧部分可靠近支架最近侧部分的位置处。在更进一步的实施方式中,密封元件中至少一个的最近侧部分可在远离支架最近侧部分的位置。各进入端口可具有彼此不同的中心轴线,并且密封元件中至少一个可相对于支架转动。在一种实施方式中,适配器可以以可去除的方式配接于进入端口中的至少一个,以改变该进入端口的有效直径。此外,进入端口中至少一个可包括第二密封元件,该密封元件具有非圆形形状的开口,用于围绕具有非圆形横截面的外科手术器械形成密封。
外科进入装置还可包括牵开器,其从支架伸出并具有用于接收插过进入端口的外科器械的开口。支架可相对于牵开器转动。外科进入装置还可包括柔性连接器,例如波纹管,其在支架和牵开器之间延伸,以允许支架相对于牵开器沿多轴线运动。在一种实施方式中,支架可通过柔性连接器以铰接方式连接于牵开器。外科进入装置还可包括选择性地接合和脱开支架和牵开器的释放机构。柔性防护件可设置在牵开器内并能够保护牵开器不受经过进入端口和牵开器插入外科器械所造成的损害。牵开器可包括设置在其上面的照明元件,以允许照亮体腔。
在其他方面,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括牵开器、有多个密封元件的支架和能够以可释放方式将支架配接到牵开器的释放机构。牵开器具有贯穿延伸的开口,用于形成穿过组织进入体腔内的路径。在一些实施方式中,支架可包括基座圈,牵开器可包括近侧凸缘。释放机构可接合基座圈和近侧凸缘,以将支架配接到牵开器。在一种示例性实施方式中,释放机构可以是C形夹,其能绕着基座圈和近侧凸缘选择性地定位,以使支架和牵开器相配接。释放机构还可是闩锁,其形成在近侧凸缘上并能够选择性地接合和脱开基座圈。释放机构可采取本领域已知的任何形式,包括但不限于按钮、开关和触发器。释放机构还可以有效地将支架锁定在希望的转动位置。
在一些实施方式中,每个密封端口都可有穿过支架形成的开口,并可具有用于围绕插过的外科器械形成密封的器械密封件和在没有器械插过时在开口中形成密封的通道密封件中的至少一个。各密封端口可具有彼此不同的中心轴线,并且密封端口中至少一个可相对于支架转动。在其他实施方式中,支架可相对于牵开器转动。外科进入装置还可包括柔性防护件,其设置在牵开器内,并能够保护牵开器不受经过密封端口和牵开器插入外科器械所造成的损害。此外,还可以有具有多个密封端口的多个支架,每个支架都可以同其他支架互换。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括支架和从支架向远侧延伸的牵开器。支架有多个进入端口,其中,鸭嘴形密封件(duckbill meal)从进入端口向远侧延伸。牵开器的中间部分的直径可小于支架的直径。鸭嘴形密封件可定向为使牵开器同密封件的意外接触最少,这种意外接触会造成密封件打开。例如,每个鸭嘴形密封件都可包括能够选择性打开和关闭的缝,这些缝可与支架的周面相切地定向。
在一些实施方式中,进入端口中至少一个可具有直径不同于其他进入端口开口直径的开口,并且各进入端口可具有彼此不同的中心轴线。此外,鸭嘴形密封件中至少一个可远离其他鸭嘴形密封件定位。在其他实施方式中,鸭嘴形密封件中至少一个可伸进牵开器的中间部分,并且鸭嘴形密封件中至少一个可相对于支架转动。
适配器可以以可去除的方式配接于进入端口中至少一个,以改变该进入端口的有效直径。在一种实施方式中,进入端口中至少一个可包括器械密封件,其具有能够绕着横截面为非圆形的外科器械形成密封的形状为非圆形的开口。此外,支架可相对牵开器转动。外科进入装置可进一步包括在支架和牵开器之间延伸的连接器,用于允许支架相对牵开器转动。释放机构能够允许同牵开器选择性地接合和脱开。在一些实施方式中,柔性防护件可设置在牵开器内,并能够保护牵开器不受经过进入端口和牵开器插入外科器械所造成的损害。
在另一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括具有柔性基座的支架,多个刚性密封端口延伸穿过柔性基座,刚性密封端口中可有密封元件。柔性基座是可运动的,以允许各密封端口选择性地将延伸穿过密封元件的器械定位在相对于彼此会聚和发散的位置。柔性基座可在凸构造和凹构造之间变动。支架内的每个密封元件可选择性地在支架内的近侧位置和支架内的远侧位置之间运动。
外科进入装置还可包括牵开器,其从支架向远侧延伸并能够形成穿过组织用于接收插过密封端口的器械的开口。支架可包括远侧环状件,其以可释放方式结合于牵开器上的近侧凸缘,并可相对牵开器转动。在一些实施方式中,各密封端口可具有彼此不同且不同于支架的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线。密封端口中至少一个可具有直径不同于其他密封端口开口直径的开口。在一种示例性实施方式中,密封端口中至少一个可具有非圆形开口,并可相对于柔性基座转动。
外科进入装置还可包括在支架和牵开器之间延伸以允许支架相对于牵开器运动的柔性连接器,支架可以以铰接方式连接于牵开器。释放机构能够允许同牵开器有选择地接合和脱开。在一种实施方式中,柔性防护件可设置在牵开器内,并能够保护牵开器不受穿过密封端口和牵开器插入外科器械所造成的损害。牵开器还可包括设置在其上面以允许照亮体腔的照明元件。在一些实施方式中,每个密封端口都包括能够围绕插过的器械形成密封的器械密封件和在没有器械插过时密封该密封端口的通道密封件中的至少一个。
在另一示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括支架,支架有多个里面有密封元件的刚性密封端口,用于接收外科器械。每个密封端口都可独立于支架单独地运动,使得每个密封端口都有相对支架全方位的横向运动、竖向运动以及它们的组合。所述多个密封端口可设置在柔性基座中,柔性基座能够在凸构造和凹构造之间变动。牵开器可从支架向远侧延伸,并能够形成穿过组织用于接收插过密封端口的器械的开口。
在一种实施方式中,支架可包括以可释放方式结合于牵开器上的近侧凸缘的远侧环状件,并且支架可相对于牵开器转动。各密封端口可具有彼此不同并且不同于支架的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线。密封端口中至少一个可具有直径不同于其他密封端口开口直径的开口。此外,密封端口中至少一个可相对于支架转动。适配器可以以可去除方式配接于密封端口中至少一个,以改变该密封端口的有效直径。
外科进入装置还可包括在支架和牵开器之间延伸以允许支架相对牵开器运动的柔性连接器。释放机构能够允许支架同牵开器有选择地接合和脱开。在其他实施方式中,柔性防护件可设置在牵开器内,并能够保护牵开器不受经过密封端口和牵开器插入外科手术器件所造成的损害。
在另一种实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括具有牵开器的支架,牵开器从支架伸出,能够形成穿过组织的路径。支架还可包括里面有密封元件用于接收插过的外科器械的多个刚性密封端口。各密封元件可相对于彼此、相对于支架以及当牵开器定位在组织中时相对于组织自由运动。每个密封元件都可设置在结合于支架的柔性基座中。在一些实施方式中,柔性基座可在凸构造和凹构造之间变动以移动密封端口。在其他实施方式中,每个密封元件都可沿横向、竖向、以转动方式以及它们的组合方式自由运动。
在一种实施方式中,支架可相对于牵开器转动,并且各密封端口具有彼此不同且不同于支架的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线。连接器可在支架和牵开器之间延伸以允许支架相对牵开器运动。外科进入装置可进一步包括能够允许支架同牵开器有选择地接合和脱开的释放机构。柔性防护件可设置在牵开器内,并能够保护牵开器不受经过密封端口和牵开器插入外科手术器件所造成的损害。
在另一示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置,该装置可包括具有用于接收外科器械的多个密封端口的支架、牵开器和结合在支架和牵开器之间的连接器,牵开器具有贯穿形成的开口,用于为插过所述多个密封端口的外科器械提供穿过组织的路径,连接器可允许支架具有相对于牵开器全方位的横向和竖向运动。在一些实施方式中,连接器可允许支架相对于牵开器的转动运动,并可具有近侧凸缘和远侧凸缘,柔性圆柱形部分在两个凸缘之间的延伸。虽然连接器可用本领域已知的任何合适材料形成,但在一种实施方式中,连接器可用弹性材料形成。
支架可任选地相对于连接器转动,而且至少一个密封端口可相对于支架转动。各密封端口可具有彼此不同且不同于支架的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线。外科进入装置还可包括柔性防护件,其设置在牵开器内,并能够保护牵开器不受经过密封端口和牵开器插入外科手术器件所造成的损害。
更具体地,本发明公开了以下内容:
(1).一种外科进入装置,包括:
牵开器,所述牵开器具有穿过其延伸的开口,用于形成穿过组织进入体腔的路径;
支架,所述支架结合到所述牵开器并限定延伸穿过所述支架的纵向轴线,所述支架具有与所述牵开器中的所述开口连通的多个刚性密封端口,每个密封端口中都具有密封元件并具有中心轴线,所述中心轴线与所述支架的所述纵向轴线形成大于零的角度。
(2).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,每个密封端口的中心轴线不同于所有其他密封端口的中心轴线。
(3).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个具有开口,该开口的直径不同于其他密封端口中的开口的直径。
(4).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个是能够相对于所述支架转动的。
(5).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,两个或者更多的密封端口是能够相对于所述支架作为一个单元转动的。
(6).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,每一个密封元件都能够横向和枢转运动。
(7).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,每个密封端口都是能够相对于所述支架自由运动的,使所述中心轴线的角方位是可调节的。
(8).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括适配器,所述适配器能够以可去除的方式配接到所述密封端口中的至少一个,以改变该密封端口的有效直径。
(9).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述适配器具有非圆形横截面,以接收具有非圆形横截面的外科器械并与该外科器械形成密封。
(10).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架能够在凸构造和凹构造之间变动。
(11).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架是能够相对于所述牵开器转动的。
(12).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括柔性连接器,所述柔性连接器在所述支架和所述牵开器之间延伸,以允许所述支架相对于所述牵开器沿多轴运动。
(13).如第(12)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述柔性连接器是波纹管。
(14).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架以铰接的方式连接到所述牵开器。
(15).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述牵开器包括近侧凸缘和远侧凸缘,柔性圆柱形部分在所述近侧凸缘和所述远侧凸缘之间延伸。
(16).如第(15)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架包括以可释放的方式结合到所述牵开器的所述近侧凸缘的远侧环状件。
(17).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括能够使所述支架选择性地与所述牵开器接合和脱开的释放机构。
(18).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括柔性防护件,所述柔性防护件设置在所述牵开器内,并能够保护所述牵开器不因外科器械经过所述密封端口和所述牵开器插入而造成损害。
(19).如第(1)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述牵开器包括照明元件,所述照明元件设置在所述牵开器上,用于照亮体腔。
(20).一种外科进入装置,包括:
支架,所述支架具有多个刚性密封端口,所述多个刚性密封端口内有密封元件,用于接收外科器械,所述多个密封端口具有穿过其延伸的彼此不同的中心轴线。
(21).如第(20)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口的中心轴线不同于所述支架的中心纵向轴线。
(22).如第(20)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个是能够相对于所述支架转动的。
(23).如第(20)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括从所述支架向远侧延伸的柔性套管,用于接收插过所述密封端口的外科器械。
(24).如第(23)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架是能够相对于所述柔性套管转动的。
(25).如第(20)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架是柔性的,并能够在凸构造和凹构造之间变动,以允许所述密封端口的所述中心轴线重新定向。
(26).一种外科进入装置,包括:
有多个密封端口的支架,每个密封端口都具有带非圆形开口的密封件,所述非圆形开口能够围绕具有非圆形横截面的器械形成密封,并且每个密封件都是能够相对于所述支架转动的,以允许该密封件随着插过其的器械转动并保持围绕该器械的密封。
(27).如第(26)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,每个密封件都有不同的非圆形开口形状。
(28).如第(26)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封件中至少一个的非圆形开口具有从由三角形、四边形和椭圆形构成的组中选择的形状。
(29).如第(26)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括从所述支架伸出的牵开器,所述牵开器具有穿过其形成的开口,用于接收外科器械。
(30).如第(29)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架是能够相对于所述牵开器转动的。
(31).如第(29)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封件相对于所述牵开器浮动。
(32).一种外科进入装置,包括:
牵开器,所述牵开器具有穿过其延伸的开口;和
结合到所述牵开器并具有多个密封端口的支架,所述支架是能够相对于所述牵开器自由转动的,以允许在使用过程中经过所述密封端口确定外科器械的位置。
(33).如第(32)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口在所述支架内以非对称方式定位。
(34).如第(32)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括设置在所述牵开器和所述支架之间并能够允许所述支架转动的基座圈。
(35).如第(32)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括释放机构,所述释放机构以可释放的方式配接到所述牵开器和所述支架,并能够允许所述支架从所述牵开器分离。
(36).如第(32)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个被定向为具有不同于所述支架和所述牵开器的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线。
(37).如第(32)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个是能够相对于所述支架转动的。
(38).如第(32)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,至少一个密封端口具有密封元件,所述密封元件在与所述支架的中心纵向轴线成角度的平面内延伸。
(39).如第(38)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述平面和所述支架的中心纵向轴线之间的角度是可调的。
(40).一种外科进入装置,包括:
支架,所述支架具有从其伸出并能够引导外科器械进入患者体内的柔性套管和设置在所述支架内并能够接收外科器械的密封元件,所述密封元件是能够相对于所述支架转动的,以允许插过所述密封元件和柔性套管的外科装置在里面转动,而不会引起所述柔性套管转动。
(41).如第(40)项所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封元件设置在穿过所述支架形成的开口内,并包括用于围绕外科器械形成密封的器械密封件和用于在没有器械插过所述开口时在所述开口中形成密封的通道密封件中的至少一个。
(42).如第(40)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括导引缆线,所述导引缆线结合于所述柔性套管并能够沿着弯曲的路径导引所述柔性套管。
(43).如第(40)项所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括用于锁定所述密封元件相对于所述支架和所述柔性套管的转动运动的锁定机构。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图所给出的详细描述,本发明将得以更充分地理解。其中,
图1A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有从其伸出的多个轴外密封端口;
图1B是图1A中外科进入装置的透视图,图示出一个外科器械正延伸穿过密封端口之一;
图1C是图1A中外科进入装置的分解视图;
图1D是图1B中外科进入装置和器械的剖视图;
图1E是用在外科进入装置中的鸭嘴形密封元件的一种实施方式的透视图;
图2A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的俯视图,显示出在一个转动台上有两个密封端口;
图2B是图2A中外科进入装置的俯视图,显示出转动后位置上的转动台;
图3A是图1A中外科进入装置的透视图,其具有处于压缩状态下的柔性连接器;
图3B是图3A中外科进入装置的透视图,显示出柔性连接器处于伸展构造;
图3C是图3A中外科进入装置的分解视图;
图3D是图3A中外科进入装置的剖视图;
图4A是图3A中外科进入装置的透视图,显示出与柔性连接器相连的铰接件;
图4B是图4A中外科进入装置的剖视图,显示出处于伸展构造的柔性连接器;
图5A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的局部剖视图,其具有外科器械插过的浮动密封元件;
图5B是图5A中外科进入装置的剖视图,显示出横向运动后的浮动密封元件;
图5C是浮动密封元件的一种实施方式的剖视图,其具有用于允许横向运动的柔性膜片;
图6A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的剖视图,其具有在牵开器和支架间延伸的波纹管连接器;
图6B是图6A中外科进入装置实施方式的剖视图,显示出经波纹管连接器相对牵开器横向运动后的支架;
图7A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有设置在里面的多个浮动密封件;
图7B是能够经一个或者更多万向节进行角向调节的浮动密封元件的剖视图;
图8A是具有铰接密封件基座的外科进入装置的一种实施方式的剖视图;
图8B是图8A中外科进入装置实施方式的剖视图;
图8C是图8A中外科进入装置实施方式的剖视图,显示出运动后的铰接件;
图8D是图8A中外科进入装置实施方式的俯视图;
图9A是外科进入装置的另一种实施方式的剖视图,其具有形成在密封件基座中的突起的密封元件;
图9B是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的剖视图,其具有与密封件基座对齐的密封元件;
图9C是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的剖视图,其具有凹入密封件基座中的密封元件;
图9D是外科进入装置的另一种实施方式的剖视图,其具有位于密封件基座内不同高度处的密封元件;
图10A是用于外科进入装置的密封件基座的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有设置在里面的凹入的密封元件;
图10B是图10A中密封件基座实施方式的另一个透视图,显示出凹入的通道密封元件;
图10C是图10A中密封件基座实施方式的剖视图;
图10D是图10A中密封件基座实施方式的另一个剖视图;
图11A是用来与外科进入装置一起使用的密封件基座的一种实施方式的透视图,显示出具有非圆形缝隙的密封端口;
图11B是用来与外科进入装置一起使用的密封件基座的一种实施方式的透视图,显示出柔性密封端口;
图12A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有密封端口从中贯穿形成的柔性密封件基座;
图12B是图12A中外科进入装置的分解视图;
图12C是图12A中外科进入装置的分解视图,显示出处于凹构造的柔性密封件基座;
图12D是图12A中外科进入装置的剖视图,显示出处于凹构造的柔性密封件基座;
图13A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有用于改变有效密封端口直径的适配器;
图13B是图13A中外科进入装置的透视图;
图14A是套管针组件形式的外科进入装置的一种实施方式的侧视图,其具有可转动密封元件;
图14B是图14A中外科进入装置的俯视图,显示出可转动密封元件;
图14C是用在图14A的外科进入装置中的可转动密封元件的一种实施方式的剖视图;
图14D是用在图14A的外科进入装置中的可转动密封元件的另一种实施方式的剖视图;
图15A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有延伸穿过牵开器的防护件;
图15B是图15A中外科进入装置的剖视图;
图15C是图15A中外科进入装置的侧视图;
图16A是外科进入装置的另一种实施方式的透视图,其具有从各密封端口伸出的密封通道;
图16B是图16A中外科进入装置的透视图,图示出密封通道的柔性;
图17A是用来与外科进入装置一起使用的密封件基座和保护性环管的一种实施例的俯视图;
图17B是图17A中密封件基座和保护性环管的透视图;
图17C是图17A中密封件基座和保护性环管的仰视图;
图17D是牵开器的一种实施方式的侧视图,其具有向患者体内的凹入开口提供通路的环管;
图18A是用在外科进入装置中的闩锁机构的一种实施方式的透视图;
图18B是图18A中闩锁机构的分解视图;
图18C是图18A中闩锁机构的另一透视图;
图18D是用在图18A的闩锁机构中的支架的透视图;
图18E是用在图18A的闩锁机构中的支架和密封件基座的仰视图;
图19A是用在外科进入装置中的闩锁机构的另一种实施方式的分解视图;
图19B是图19A中闩锁机构的另一分解视图;
图20A是外科进入装置的一种实施方式的透视图,其具有C形夹紧固机构;
图20B是图20A中外科进入装置实施方式的透视图;以及
图20C是图20A中外科进入装置的透视图。
具体实施方式
现在将描述一些示例性实施方式,以提供对这里所公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造以及使用的原理的全面理解。在附图中图示了这些实施方式的一个或者更多例子。本领域技术人员可理解,这里具体描述并图示在附图中的装置和方法是非限制性的示例性实施方式,本发明的范围仅仅由权利要求限定。针对一种示例性实施方式描述或图示的特征可以同另一实施方式的特征相组合。这种修改和变形将被包含在本发明范围中。
本发明总的来说提供的是改进的外科进入装置,考虑到在保持注气的同时容易在患者体内操作,其允许多个外科器械以不同的插入角度插过单个外科进入装置。在某些示例性的实施方式中,所提供的支架具有用于接收外科器械的多个进入端口或者密封端口。每个密封端口中都可包括一个或者更多密封元件,用于密封端口以及/或者围绕穿过密封元件设置的外科器械形成密封。支架可限定中心纵向轴线,而密封端口每个都可具有彼此不同且不同于支架的中心纵向轴线的中心轴线,由此允许外科医生对多个外科器械的插入进行更多的控制。在一些实施方式中,密封端口和/或密封元件能够作各种类型的运动,允许外科器械按需要单独地受到操纵。
各种外科进入装置可进一步包括伤口保护器、套管、环式牵开器或者其他用于形成穿过组织的路径的构件(下面总体上称为牵开器)。牵开器可从支架伸出,并可被构造为定位在患者体内的开口中。密封端口每一个都可限定出延伸穿过支架并与牵开器对齐的工作通道。这里所描述的任何以及所有外科进入装置还可包括各种其他的特征,诸如一个或者更多通气端口,以允许在利用烧灼术和/或一个或者更多注气端口的手术过程中将烟排出。外科医生经注气端口可给腹部注气以促使积气,例如像2006年11月2日提交的题为“Multi-port Laparoscopic Access Device”的第2006/0247673号美国专利申请所描述的那样。该申请整体上通过引用包含于此。注气端口可是任何尺寸并可接受鲁尔(leur)锁或者针,这是可以为本领域技术人员所理解的。
任何以及所有外科进入装置的实施方式还都可包括一个或更多安全防护件,这些安全防护件穿过、位于、以及围绕任意部件和/或组织定位,以针对外科器械插过该装置造成的穿孔或撕裂提供保护。此外,任意以及所有外科进入装置的实施方式都可包括接合和释放机构,其允许外科进入装置的某些部件可按需要去除。
在使用中,这里所公开的外科进入装置可被用于向患者体腔提供通路。牵开器可以定位于患者体内的开口中,使牵开器远侧部分伸进患者体腔内,而近侧部分被结合到在患者身体外面邻近患者皮肤定位的支架。牵开器中的腔可形成穿过患者体内开口的路径,使外科器械可从体外插到内部的体腔。患者皮肤的弹性可有助于牵开器保留在身体开口或者在身体上形成的切口中。牵开器可放置在患者体内的任何开口中,无论是自然孔口还是通过切割形成的开口。例如,牵开器可穿过脐放置,以内窥镜的形式,包括通过阴道、通过皮肤等。在一种实施方式中,牵开器可基本上是柔性的,使其可按需要容易地操纵进入组织以及在组织内操纵。在其他实施方式中,牵开器可是刚性的或者半刚性的。牵开器可用本领域已知的任何合适材料形成,例如硅有机树脂、尿烷、热塑性弹性体和橡胶。
一般来说,在诸如腹部的体腔内的外科手术过程中,经过外科进入装置提供注气,以使体腔膨胀,便于外科手术过程。于是,为了维持体腔内的注气,大部分外科进入装置都包括设置在其中的至少一个密封件,以防止外科器械插过外科进入装置时空气和/或气体逃逸。本领域中已知有各种密封元件,但通常外科进入装置可包括:至少一个器械密封件,其围绕穿过外科进入装置设置的器械形成密封,但除此之外在没有器械穿过外科进入装置设置时不形成密封;至少一个通道密封件或全封闭密封件(zero-closure seal),其在没有器械穿过外科进入装置设置时密封由密封端口产生的工作通道;或者组合器械密封件和通道密封件,其有效地既围绕穿过外科进入装置设置的器械形成密封,又在没有器械穿过外科进入装置设置时在工作通道中形成密封。本领域技术人员可以理解,可以使用本领域已知的各种密封件,包括例如鸭嘴形密封件、锥形密封件、挡板阀、凝胶密封件、隔膜密封件、唇形密封件、虹膜密封件等等。本领域技术人员还可以理解,在这里描述的任意实施方式中可包含密封件的任意组合,无论密封件组合是否在对特定实施方式的相应描述中进行了具体讨论。
在一种示例性实施方式中,如图1C和图3C所示,器械密封件形式的密封元件可总体上具有多层锥形密封件2和设置在锥形密封件2的近侧表面3上的多层保护构件4。多层锥形密封件2可包括一系列叠置的密封片段8,这些密封片段8以编织的布局进行组装以提供完整的密封体。密封片段8可一个叠在一个上面或者以叠置样式编织在一起,以形成其中有中心开口6的多层密封件2。密封片段8可以用本领域技术人员已知的任何数量的材料制造,但在一个示例性实施方式中,密封片段8用弹性材料形成。多层保护构件4可类似地用一系列叠置的片段10形成,这些片段10邻近叠置的密封片段8设置并被构造成保护密封片段8不受通过密封件2的开口6的外科手术器械所造成的损害。保护构件4也可以由各种材料形成,但在某些示例性实施方式中,保护构件4用模制的热塑性聚亚胺酯弹性体形成,诸如PellethaneTM
形成密封件2和保护构件4的片段8和10可以使用本领域已知的各种技术保持在一起。如图1C和图3C所示,片段8和10可由若干环形构件保持在一起,这些环形构件在片段8、10之间配接以接合片段8、10。特别是,保护构件4接合在冠状件12和垫圈14之间,密封件12接合在垫圈14和卡圈16之间。销18可被用来使环形构件12、14、16配接,延伸经过并接合密封件2和保护构件4的片段8、10。在一些实施方式中,O形圈20可定位在卡圈16和密封端口支架之间,以确保这些构件之间的气密及液密密封。
当完全组装后,器械密封件可设置在外科进入装置内的各种位置上。在一些实施方式中,器械密封件可设置在形成于外科进入装置的密封件基座中的密封端口内。使用中,器械可通过器械密封件的中心开口,密封件片段可接合并围绕着器械的外表面形成密封件,由此防止流体和气体通过该密封件。当没有器械穿过中心开口设置时,中心开口一般来说不会在工作通道中形成密封件,但是,当没有器械穿过中心开口设置时形成密封件的其他构造也是可想到的。2004年3月31日提交的题为“Trocar Seal Assembly”的第2004/0230161号美国公开文献,以及2003年10月15日提交的题为“Conical Trocar Seal”、序列号为第10/687,502号的美国专利申请中,更详细地描述了示例性的器械密封件构造。这两个文献整体上通过引用包含于此。
如上面提及的,可以用在外科进入装置中的另一密封元件是通道或全封闭密封件,这种密封件的一个例子更详细地显示在图1E中。如图所示,图示全封闭密封件的形式是鸭嘴形密封件24。密封件24被构造为当没有器械经过密封件设置时在工作通道中形成密封,以因此防止经外科进入装置传向体腔的注气气体泄露。如图所示,鸭嘴形密封件24可具有大体上为圆形的凸缘34,侧壁36从凸缘34向远侧延伸。侧壁36的形状可以变化,但在图示实施方式中,侧壁36包括相对的下垂件35,下垂件35沿着向远侧的方向以一定角度相互朝着对方延伸,并在远端相交而形成密封面38。在其他的实施方式中,相对的下垂件35可没有角度地相互朝着对方延伸而形成平行于圆形凸缘34的密封面38。相对的下垂件35可彼此相对运动,以允许密封面38在闭合位置和打开位置间运动。在闭合位置,没有器械经过密封面38设置,并且密封面38密封外科进入装置的工作通道。在打开位置,器械穿过密封面38设置。该密封件可包括各种其他特征,如在2007年6月29日提交的题为“Duckbill Seal withFluid Drainage Feature”的第11/771,263号美国申请中更详细描述的那样。该文献整体上通过引用包含于此。此外,密封件24的密封面38可以是任何非线性形状或者本领域中已知的构造,例如,S形构造,如1993年11月12日提交的题为“Self Sealing Flexible ElastomericValve and Trocar Assembly for Incorporating Same”的第5,330,437号美国专利中更详细描述的那样。该文献整体上通过引用包含于此。
根据本发明的公开内容,这些密封件的一般性结构没有从总体上形成本发明的一部分。于是,本领域技术人员可以当然地理解,本领域中已知的任意和所有密封元件和密封构造都可用在这里公开的外科进入装置实施方式中,而不会超出这里所公开的发明的精神。
这里所公开的实施方式的一个特别重要的方面是,示例性外科进入装置在维持注气的同时提供了外科器械在患者体内更大的机动性。在一种实施方式中,这种更大的机动性可以由具有以彼此不同并不同于支架和密封件基座的中心纵向轴线的各种角度经过支架的密封件基座的通路或密封端口来提供。在其他实施方式中,通过允许该装置各种部件多方向运动以由此允许穿过该装置设置的外科器械多方向运动,可以提供这种更大的机动性。例如,可允许多方向运动的外科进入装置的部件可包括但不限于密封端口、进入端口、密封元件、密封件基座、支架、牵开器以及可与外科进入装置相连并随后将描述的各种其他部件。这里所使用的多方向运动可总体上包括转动运动、竖向运动、横向运动、角向运动以及这些运动的任意组合。于是,外科进入装置各种部件中的任意一个都可总体上具有相对外科进入装置各种其他部件中一个或者更多个以及/或者相对患者身体的多方向运动,由此允许外科器械可在患者体内相对患者身体以多种方式运动和操纵。本领域技术人员可以理解,这里所描述的外科进入装置实施方式的各种方面和特征中的任意一种都可使用并应用于各种其他实施方式中的任意一种或者全部,或者本领域中已知的各种装置。
在图1A~1D中所示的一种实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置50,其具有以各种角度方位贯穿延伸的多个密封端口52。外科进入装置50可具有带密封件基座54的支架56,密封件基座54支承密封端口52和从支架56伸出的牵开器58。虽然在密封件基座54中可形成任意数量的密封端口52,但在图1A~1D所示实施方式中,三个密封端口52延伸经过外科进入装置50。密封端口52可具有设置在其中的密封元件60,并且密封端口52可以彼此不同且不同于支架56的中心纵向轴线的各种角度形成在密封件基座50内,这将在下面更详细地讨论。这样的构造可防止外科器械以各种角度方位插过密封端口52时它们之间发生干扰,因此能便于器械的定位。
图1C图示了外科进入装置50的各种部件。如图所示,支架56可以是基本上为刚性圆柱形或者圆形构件,具有绕着其外周面延伸的外螺纹72,外螺纹72被构造成与形成了支架56近侧部分的密封件基座54的内螺纹70螺纹配接。支架O形圈74按需要可以是柔性的或者刚性的,其可定位在支架56的顶表面76以形成一个座和支架56和密封件基座54之间的密封件。在一种实施方式中,密封件基座54可经内、外螺纹70、72的配接螺纹紧固到支架56,使支架O形圈74被紧固在二者之间。密封件基座54可具有近侧表面62和从近侧表面62向远侧延伸的周向壁66,端口开口64延伸穿过近侧表面形成用于接收密封端口52。虽然本领域中已知的任何连结或配接机构都可用来将外科进入装置50的各种部件配接起来,但在图1A~1D所示的实施方式中,端口开口64的内周面可具有形成在其上面以与密封端口52螺纹配接的内螺纹68。此外,周向壁66的内周面可具有形成在其上面以与支架56螺纹配接的内螺纹70。
如上面提及的,牵开器58可从支架56伸出,并且在一种实施方式中,牵开器58是一种基本上是柔性的构件,具有近侧凸缘78和远侧凸缘80,内细长部分82在两个凸缘之间延伸。近侧凸缘78可被构造成安放支架56的远侧边沿84,并且近侧O形圈86可定位在近侧凸缘78和支架56的远侧边沿84之间。支架56的远侧边沿84可通过粘结剂、密封剂或者本领域中已知的任何其他连结机构连结到牵开器58的近侧凸缘78和近侧O形圈86。在一种实施方式中,近侧凸缘78可通过唇形件88配接到支架56。唇形件88从近侧凸缘78具有绕着其内表面92延伸的螺纹90的外周面向近侧延伸。螺纹90可被构造成与支架56上的外螺纹72螺纹配接,并由此将牵开器58紧固到支架56。远侧O形圈94可任选地定位在牵开器58的远侧凸缘80内,以向患者体内的牵开器提供结构支撑。近侧和远侧O形圈86和94可以按照用于特定应用场合中的需要是柔性的或者基本上是刚性的。
如上面提及的,任何数量的密封端口52可形成在外科进入装置50内并延伸穿过外科进入装置50。总的来说,每个密封端口52都可包括被安放在密封件基座54中的端口开口64中的端口支架96和可定位在端口支架96内的密封元件60。如将在下面详细描述的,端口支架96可具有本领域已知的任何形状、高度或者角向构造,但在图1A~1D所示实施方式中,端口支架96可具有圆柱形形状。端口支架96的远侧表面98可基本上是平的,使其与密封件基座54的近侧表面62共面。端口支架96的近侧表面100可类似地是平的,或者其可相对于密封件基座54的近侧表面62以一定角度延伸。端口支架96的近侧表面100延伸的角度可决定密封端52的纵向轴线112的角方位,这将在下面讨论。端口支架的远侧表面98可使用各种配接技术配接于密封件基座54。如图1C所示,远侧表面98具有延伸部分102,围绕着延伸部分102的外表面形成具有凸缘104的可变向构件,用于接合密封件基座54中的开口64。凸缘104可允许端口支架96转动,这将在下面讨论。端口O形圈106可放置在绕着延伸部分102延伸的缝隙108内,以便于当端口支架96与支架64中的开口螺纹配接时在端口支架96和密封件基座54之间进行密封。开口110可延伸穿过端口支架96,用于接收密封元件60,例如器械密封件。
如图1D最清楚地所示,因为端口支架96的形状,密封元件60相对于密封件基座54以一定角度定位,使密封元件60的延伸穿过其中心部分的中心轴线112相对于牵开器58、支架56和密封件基座54的中心纵向轴线114成一角度。这允许外科器械116按照特定手术过程中的要求以不同角度插入。在一些实施方式中,所有的密封端口52都可被构造成具有彼此不同的中心轴线112。在其他实施方式中,两个或者更多密封端口52可具有彼此相同但相对于第三、第四等等密封端口52是不同的中心轴线112。
如上面指出的,在一些实施方式中,密封端口52可相对于密封件基座54转动。有角度的密封端口52的转动允许轴线112并因此允许密封端口52所提供的插入角度被改变和调节。按照这样方式,密封端口52可在外科器械插过密封端口52前或后转动,以提供绕着开口更多的空间用于操纵该器械以及/或者能够得到器械相对组织和插过进入装置的其他器械的更好的机动性。
在一些实施方式中,两个或者更多密封端口52可定位在单个可转动台118上,如图2A和2B所示。可转动台118可是圆形体,其以可转动的方式设置在形成于密封件基座54中的圆形开口中。各种配接技术,例如上面所述的周围有凸缘的带可变向部分的延伸部,可以用来允许台118在密封件基座54中的开口内转动。在使用中,台118可允许密封端口52从图2A所示的三角形构造变动到图2B所述的对齐构造,以及二者之间的任何位置。一次转动多个密封端口52可允许围绕外科进入装置50更好的机动性,并且/或者可允许外科器械在插在各个密封端口52内的同时重新定位。如本领域技术人员可理解的,任何数量的密封端口52可形成在密封件基座54上的各个可转动台118中,以允许成组的密封端口52相对其他密封端口52、密封件基座54和/或支架56转动。
在其他实施方式中,通过用柔性连接器例如波纹管形成端口支架96的至少一部分,密封端口52可以相对于密封件基座54竖向、横向和角向调节。柔性连接器或波纹管可允许定位在端口支架96内的密封元件60按需要竖向、横向、以可转动方式和角向运动,以调节外科器械的插入角度或者外科器械在体腔内的位置。
在一些实施方式中,连接器120可定位在支架56和牵开器58之间,如图3A~3D所示。连接器120总体上是一种允许支架56和密封件基座54相对于牵开器58运动的元件。例如,连接器120可是基本上是柔性的细长部分以及/或者波纹管,允许支架56,并由此允许密封件基座54和密封端口52具有相对于牵开器58的全方位运动。在一种实施方式中,连接器120可具有连接器基座122,其安放连接器120并允许连接器120与牵开器58的近侧凸缘78配接。连接器120的近侧部分124可与支架56的远侧边沿84经本领域中已知的任何配接机构进行配接,这些机构包括但不限于粘结剂、密封剂、螺纹件等等。按相同方式,连接器基座122和连接器120可通过本领域中已知的任何配接机构连结起来。此外,连接器基座122可以螺纹连接方式或者可转动方式与牵开器58的唇形件88配接。
在图4A和4B所示的另一实施方式中,闩锁、活动铰接件或者夹124可用来紧固连接器120的一部分防止其运动,由此允许更容易地相对于牵开器58对支架56和密封件基座54进行角向调整。如图所示,夹124可将支架56的一侧紧固到牵开器58的相应侧,由此允许连接器120的相对部分在其绕连接点枢转时伸展。在一些实施方式中,连接器120可比牵开器58更具柔性,以保证牵开器58当连接器120伸展和运动时保持紧固在身体上的开口中。如图4B所示,任何运动,无论是竖向的、横向的、转动的还是角向的,都允许密封端口52的插入角和/或位置相对于牵开器58得以改变和调节。
在诸如图5A~5C所示的其他实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置150,其具有密封端口152,这些密封端口基本平行于密封件基座154。密封端口152每个都可以具有端口支架158,端口支架158的直径大于设置在其中的密封元件156的直径。密封元件156可定位在端口支架158内,使密封元件156可在更大直径的端口支架156内运动。在图5C中最清楚地显示的一种实施方式中,密封元件156连结到波纹管似的结构或柔性膜片164,波纹管似的结构或柔性膜片164可延展和起褶,以允许密封元件156在端口支架158内横向运动。密封元件156可因此相对于端口支架158横向浮动并在平行于密封件基座154的平面内沿多个方向运动。这样的构造通过允许密封元件156按需要相对于牵开器162运动,允许穿过身体延伸的牵开器162从中穿过的切口更小。示例性的可运动和浮动的密封件构造在下述公开文献中作了更详细的描述,所有这些文献都通过引用包含于此:2004年9月17日提交的题为“Reinforced Seal Assembly”的第2005/0070946号美国公开文献;2006年4月18日提交的题为“PleatedTrocar Seal”的第2007/0255218号美国公开文献;1993年6月15日提交的题为“Trocar with Floating Septum Seal”的第5,385,553号的美国专利;以及1994年5月19日提交的题为“Trocar Valve Assembly”的第5,496,280号美国专利。
图5A和5B所示的实施方式可包括连接器151,如前面结合参照图3A和3B所描述的以及图6A和6B中所示的。这样的构造允许支架160和密封件基座154经连接器151相对于牵开器162竖向运动,以改变密封端口152相对于牵开器162的高度。支架160和密封件基座154还可以经连接器151横向运动,以相对于牵开器162转换密封端口152的位置,如例如图6A和6B所示。如图所示,连接器151可允许密封端口152沿横向运动到与牵开器162横向对齐,用于更容易地插入外科器械。支架160可进一步具有经连接器151的受限的转动运动,以改变密封端口152的转动位置。如本领域技术人员可理解的,支架可按特定应用场合中的需要经连接器151具有竖向、横向和转动运动的任意组合。
在图7A和7B所示的另一实施方式中,外科进入装置170可包括可转动的密封端口172,其可转动地安放在形成于密封件基座174的端口180中。密封端口172可有一个或者更多万向节机构176,以允许密封元件178相对端口支架180改变其角方位。万向节机构176可以例如是大体球形的构件,具有平坦的顶部和底部以及在顶部和底部之间延伸的开口,密封元件177横跨开口延伸。如图所示,万向节176和密封元件178可在端口支架180内沿多轴线转动,使得能够进行多方向的角位移。如图7B所示,万向节176以及因此密封元件178的枢转运动有效地改变密封元件178的中心纵向轴线,允许插过密封元件178的器械有更大的机动性。
在图8A~8D中所示的又一另外实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置200,其具有带铰接密封件基座204的支架202。一个或者更多的密封端口206可延伸穿过铰接密封件基座204并可被构造为接收穿过密封端口的外科器械。铰接密封件基座204可以经定位在密封件基座204内的铰接件210相对于支架202的顶开口208在各种角向构造之间有选择地变动。铰接件可布置在密封件基座204上面的任何地方,并且任何数量的端口可定位在铰接件的一侧或者两侧,以允许端口的角度调节。在低外形构造中,密封端口206可具有基本平行于支架202顶开口208的中心轴线的中心轴线212。密封端口206可变动成为像图8A~8C所示的那种高外形构造,其中,密封端口206的中心轴线212相对支架202中开口208的中心轴线形成一个角度。按此方式,通过简单地改变铰接密封件基座204的位置,可以改变和调节密封端口206的角方位。可以理解,铰接密封件基座204按需要可锁定或维持在低外形构造和高外形构造之间的任何位置。可以使用闩锁、开关或者本领域中已知的其他锁定机构。
在一些实施方式中,如本领域技术人员可以理解的,任何数量的密封端口206可设置在铰接密封件基座204的每个片段216a、216b中。此外,在密封件基座204中可形成有一个或者更多铰接件204,以允许有多个可运动表面。在一种实施方式中,柔性膜片或者其他可延展和/或柔性材料可用来连接铰接密封件基座204和支架202,以确保在允许铰接密封件基座204在高、低外形构造间变动的同时维持气密和液密密封。本领域技术人员可以理解,可以使用各种其他技术以允许铰接密封件基座204相对支架202运动,同时维持二者间的密封。
这里所描述的任何和全部进入端口、密封端口和/或密封元件也都可以定位在外科进入装置的密封件基座和支架内的各种竖向方位。例如,如图9A所示,突起的密封端口220定位在密封件基座222的上方,使插过密封端口的外科器械将在行进穿过密封件基座222进入支架226之前行进穿过密封元件224。在图9B中所示的另一实施方式中,密封端口228与密封件基座232对齐或平行,使插过密封端口的外科器械与进入密封件基座232同时地进入密封元件230。在图9C中所示的进一步实施方式中,密封端口236可位于密封件基座240的近侧表面238下方的凹入位置。有角度的引导件242指引外科器械进入凹入的密封端口236内,以便于准确地插入该器械。
此外,如图9D中所示,多个密封端口244a、244b、244c也可以构造在相对密封件基座246的各种高度处。例如,密封端口244a和244b的近侧表面,以及设置在其中的密封元件,可基本上相互共面地定位在相对密封件基座246的同样高度处,而密封端口244c的近侧表面,以及设置在其中的密封元件,低于密封端口244a和244b定位。使用高度相互不同以及/或者相互不在一个平面的密封端口和密封元件,可允许密封端口的纵向轴线以及随后所用的器械更相互靠近,由此允许有更小的切口或者用于组织中更小的开口中。在一种实施方式中,不在一个平面的密封端口通过叠置密封端口和/或密封元件的边可允许在同样的空间内使用更大的密封端口和/或密封元件,因为它们可以位于不同的平面。此外,在牵开目标组织时,不在一个平面的密封端口可提供取决于想要与密封端口一起使用的器械的定制角度。在其他实施方式中,取代不在一个平面的是,任何一个或者全部密封端口都可具有平坦的侧壁,以使密封端口能够在密封件基座中更近地定位在一起。如本领域技术人员可以理解的,示例性的外科进入装置可在任何数量的竖向方位上具有密封端口,包括位于不同竖向高度的所有密封端口。此外,任何数量的密封端口可按照需要的任何构造在密封件基座内沿横向分开定位。密封端口还可以在垂直于基座平面的平面内延伸,如前面讨论的。
在图10A~10D中所示的另一示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置的近侧部分250,其具有圆柱形形状的密封件基座252,密封件基座252与支架266配接并具有三个延伸穿过密封件基座的凹入的进入或密封端口254a、254b和254c。两个密封端口242a和254b可具有第一直径D1,第三密封端口254c可具有第二直径D2,第二直径D2可大于第一直径D1。在某些示例性实施方式中,第一直径D1大约3mm,第二直径D2大约5mm。本领域技术人员可以理解,可以有任何数量的密封端口设置在密封件基座252内,并且密封端口可按需要具有直径的任意组合。如图所示,密封端口254a、254b、254c可凹入密封件基座252内,使密封件基座252的近侧表面256基本上是平的。引导件258可指引外科器械进入设置在密封端口254a、254b、254c内的密封元件,例如进入器械密封件260和通道密封件262中。
密封件基座252和/或支架266可具有容纳通道密封件262完整高度的高度H,以防止通道密封件开口264与从支架266伸出的牵开器(未示出)发生接触。这样的构造可防止密封件基座252和支架266相对牵开器运动时牵开器侧壁接触通道密封件开口264并造成它们打开。在其他实施方式中,密封件基座252和支架266可具有小于通道密封件262的纵向长度的总高度H。在这样的构造中,每个通道密封件开口264都可定向为与牵开器的接触最少。例如,每个密封件开口264可切向对准支架266、从支架266伸出的牵开器和密封件基座252的周面,如图10B所示。换言之,开口可沿着基本平行于而不是垂直于支架266周面的方向延伸。这样的对准在密封件基座252和支架266相对牵开器运动时可防止通道密封件开口264被牵开器侧壁推开。本领域技术人员可以理解,尽管显示的是鸭嘴形密封件,但是,本领域中已知的任何密封元件可以按此方式对准,包括非线性密封元件,例如带S形开口的密封元件。
在图11A所示的另一实施方式中,提供了一种密封件基座270,其具有从其伸出的多个进入或密封端口272。一个或更多密封端口272可具有端口支架274和/或密封元件276,端口支架274和/或密封元件276带非圆形形状的开口,以接收横截面为非圆形的外科器械278。非圆形形状的密封端口272可具有本领域已知的任何形状,包括但不限于椭圆形、三角形、四边形、多边形等等。每个端口支架274和/或密封元件276可相对密封件基座270转动,使得在外科器械278的非圆形轴插过密封端口272时,密封端口272可转动以使其方位对准外科器械278的横截面形状。在一种实施方式中,密封端口272可使用波纹管连接器或其他柔性构件280连结到密封件基座270,以允许密封端口272相对密封件基座270竖向和/或横向运动。
在图11B所示的另一实施例中,提供了一种密封件基座282,其具有从其伸出的多个密封端口284。每个密封端口284都可具有设置在其中的密封元件286。密封端口284可具有端口支架283,其是柔性的,以允许端口支架283相对密封件支架282竖向、横向以及角向运动。在一些实施方式中,密封端口284和/或端口支架283的至少一部分可以是起皱的,并且/或者可用波纹管或者其他柔性材料或者柔性机构形成。每个密封端口284还可以具有释放机构,诸如C形夹288,允许密封元件286或密封端口284的其他部件可以被去除,以允许样本或其他物体通过密封端口。端口支架283的高度还可以改变,如图所示。本领域技术人员可以理解这些可以用来允许端口支架286相对密封件基座282运动的各种柔性部分。
在图12A~12D所示的另一实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置300,其具有柔性密封件基座302和支架304。柔性密封件基座302可具有贯穿形成的用于接收外科器械的一个或者更多密封端口306。柔性密封件基座302可具有任何形状,但在图示实施方式中,大体上是拱形,凸缘308绕着其远侧周面延伸,其被构造成与支架304配接,这将在下面描述。结果,柔性密封件基座302具有凸构造和凹构造。柔性密封件基座302,在凹构造中如图12A和12B所示从支架304向近侧延伸,在凸构造中如图12C和12D所示向远侧伸进支架304。柔性密封件基座302可按需要在凸构造和凹构造之间选择性变动,以重新确定一个或者更多密封端口306的方位。
密封端口306可用各种技术形成或者设置的柔性基座302中。在图示实施方式中,每个密封端口306都是支撑密封元件303的刚性环形构件,密封元件303可类似地包括刚性环形结构305。绕着密封元件303的环305可以以固定或者可移动方式安放在刚性环305内,刚性环305形成了柔性基座302中的密封端口306。
在一种实施方式中,当柔性密封件基座302处于凸构造时,密封端口306可具有第一中心轴线310,使外科器械以指定的角度或方位插入。当柔性密封件基座302朝凹构造变动或变成凹构造时,密封端口306可过渡向或过渡成具有第二中心轴线312,使外科器械以不同于凸构造中的角度或方位插入。当柔性密封件基座302处于凸构造时,密封端口306的中心轴线大体沿着朝向支架304和柔性密封件基座302的中心的远侧方向取向。当柔性密封件基座302变动成凹构造时,密封端口306的中心轴线可大体指向从支架304和柔性密封件基座302的中心向外的远侧方向。如图所示,当柔性密封件基座302处于凸构造时,密封端口306可大体靠近支架304布置。在凹构造中,密封端口306可大体伸进支架304内。
在一种实施方式中,支撑基座302的支架304可基本上是刚性的,但可以理解,在具体应用场合中按需要可以是柔性的,而且其形状可以大体是圆柱形或者管形。支架304可具有同心地定位并坐落在一起的外部件314和内部件316。柔性密封件基座302的凸缘308可定位在内部件316的近侧边沿318上,并取向成使得形成在凸缘308中的孔320对准形成在近侧边沿318中的相应孔322。外部件314在最近边沿326上可具有凸缘324,其伸向外部件314的中心。凸缘324可具有从其向远侧延伸被构造成配接柔性密封件基座302和内部件316的柱328。外部件314可定位在内部件316上方并绕着内部件316,并取向为使得柱328将接合并延伸穿过柔性密封件基座凸缘308和内部件边沿318的对齐的孔320和322。按此方式,外部件314可将柔性密封件基座凸缘308紧固在两个同心部件314、316之间。本领域技术人员可以理解,可以使用各种其他配接和紧固机构来将柔性密封件基座302的边沿紧固到支架304。
在一种实施方式中,支架304的内部件316的远侧部分330可以具有绕着其外面形成的螺纹332,用于配接牵开器334。O形圈336可定位在内部件316的远侧部分330和牵开器334的近侧凸缘338之间,以保证二者间的气密和液密密封。牵开器334的近侧凸缘338可具有向近侧延伸的周向唇形件340,唇形件340可具有绕着其内周面延伸的螺纹342。内部件316的远侧螺纹部分330可拧进牵开器334的唇形件340中,由此将支架302和牵开器334紧固在一起。
在其他示例性实施方式中,这里讨论的任何以及所有外科进入装置实施方式,以及它们的任意组合,都可有适配器,适配器可移除地配接到密封端口中的至少一个,以在没有气腹损失的情况下改变密封端口的尺寸、形状或方位。在图13A和13B所示的一种实施方式中,适配器350可以以可转动或可枢转的方式连结到密封件基座352的一部分,并可选择性地定位在密封端口354附近,以改变密封端口354的特征。特别的,在图13A和13B所示实施方式中,适配器350是一种变尺寸适配器,以改变设置在密封件基座352内的密封端口354的有效直径。适配器350可以以可枢转方式连结到密封件基座350的外周面356的一部分,使其可在打开构造和闭合构造间变动。在打开构造中,如图13A所示,适配器350离开密封端口354的开口定位。在闭合构造中,适配器350可经铰接件358枢转或转动,使其定位在密封端口354上方,以由此改变密封端口354的有效直径。例如,在打开构造中,密封端口354可接收直径为12mm的外科器械。在闭合构造中,适配器350可允许密封端口354接收直径5mm的外科器械。本领域技术人员可以理解,利用这种适配器350可按需要进行任何尺寸调节。
在其他实施方式中,适配器可改变密封端口的有效直径。例如,密封端口可具有圆形形状,以当适配器在打开构造时接收圆形横截面的器械。在闭合构造中,适配器可允许密封端口接收具有非圆形横截面的外科器械,如三角形、椭圆形、四边形和/或其他多边形。此外,适配器还可允许密封端口的有效方位改变。如本领域技术人员可以理解的,形状和尺寸变化可按需要组合在单个适配器中。
还如本领域技术人员可以理解的,这里公开的任何和所有密封件基座和支架实施方式按需要可以是彼此互换的。例如,一种套件可包括带有一个或者更多牵开器的多个支架和密封件基座。每个密封件基座和支架组合可具有从其伸出的不同尺寸、形状和/或角向的密封端口,使得外科医生可按需要主动地改变支架和密封件基座。像下面详细描述的那样的释放机构可被用来以可释放方式将各种密封件基座和支架连结到牵开器。
本领域技术人员还可以理解,这里公开的各种特征可类似地包含在单端口进入装置中。图14A~14D图示了套管针组件370形式的外科进入装置的另一种实施方式,其具有支架372和从其伸出的柔性套管374。支架372可具有设置在其中的密封元件376,密封元件376可相对支架372转动,以允许插在密封元件376内的装置的转动和调节,不要求套管针支架372和柔性套管374转动。例如,如果将内窥镜插过套管针组件370,则密封元件376可与内窥镜一起并独立于支架372和柔性套管374转动,以允许在内窥镜正观察的东西上调节。
在图14C所示的一种实施方式中,提供了一种可转动密封件371,其具有定位在弹性外环375内的环状盘373。环状盘373可以是柔性的或者刚性的,并且密封元件388可设置在其里面,开口389穿过密封元件388形成,用于接收外科器械。环状盘373可用诸如在环状盘373和外环375之间延伸的凸缘等本领域已知的任何配接机构配接到弹性外环375。弹性外环375可定位在形成于套管针组件370的支架372中的沟槽内,由此在维持围绕着插过密封元件的外科器械的密封的同时,允许可转动密封件371相对支架转动。
在图14D所示的另一实施方式中,提供了一种可转动密封件380,其具有可设置在套管针组件370的支架372内的环状盘382。环状盘可具有设置在其中的密封元件390,开口391穿过密封元件390形成,用于接收外科器械。环状盘382可具有设置在其顶表面385和底表面387上的顶O形圈384和底O形圈386,用于在环状盘382和支架372之间形成密封。环状盘382可相对支架372转动,同时O形圈384、386维持二者间的密封。本领域技术人员可以理解,可以使用各种机构在套管针组件370的支架372内产生可转动的密封。
套管针组件370还可包括其他的特征,诸如缆线或其他导引机构,以对柔性套管374提供导引控制。在这种情况中,经柔性套管374插在密封元件376内的器械和柔性套管374按需要是可以独立地运动和控制的。
当外科器械经这里描述的外科进入装置实施方式插入时,可能存在特别尖的器械可能撕裂或刺穿一部分牵开器或旁边组织的风险。相应地,在这里描述的任何和所有实施方式中,可任选地包括安全防护件,以减少外科器械造成的撕裂或刺穿的风险。总的来说,防护件可以是相对光滑以允许器械容易通过但抗撕裂和刺穿的材料。例如,防护件可以用硅有机树脂、尿烷、热塑性弹性体、橡胶、聚烯烃、聚酯纤维、尼龙、含氟聚合物以及本领域已知的任何其他合适材料形成。防护件可总体上为牵开器或组织提供一种衬里,并可从外科进入装置拆下,因此,可在特定手术过程中按需要使用。
在图15A~15C所示的一种示例性实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置400,其具有密封件基座402,多个密封端口404从密封件基座402伸出。外科进入装置400还可包括防护件406和牵开器408。如图所示,防护件406可延伸穿过牵开器408,以因此当外科器械插过该装置时提供保护性衬里。防护件406具有与牵开器408相对应的长度,但取决于具体应用场合也可以具有明显大于牵开器长度的长度。牵开器408和防护件406可配接到支架410。例如,牵开器408可具有近侧凸缘414,近侧凸缘414可配接到支架410的远侧部分412。本领域中已知的任何配接机构都可以使用,例如粘结剂、螺钉、压配合件等等。防护件406可具有近侧凸缘416,近侧凸缘416可安放在形成于支架410近侧部分420中的缝隙418内。支架410可具有闩锁422,闩锁422可便于密封件基座402选择性连结到支架410。当接合时,闩锁422可将密封件基座402紧固到支架410,使得防护件406的近侧凸缘416紧固在形成于支架410中的缝隙418内。当脱开时,密封件基座402可被去除,使得可以按需要去除或者调节防护件406。在一些实施方式中,可以使用导引缆线或者本领域中已知的另外控制机构来控制防护件406的位置,并被用来按需要沿着弯曲路径导引防护件406。
在图16A和16B所示的另一实施方式中,各密封端口450、支架460、牵开器462或者这里公开的各种装置都可具有从其伸向远侧的柔性细长密封通道。密封通道454可以以可去除方式连结到牵开器的闭合的远侧表面,或者可直接结合到密封元件458,并能按需要延伸经过密封件基座452、支架460、牵开器462以及后面的。如图16B所示,密封通道454可是柔性的,使得通道随着插过其的外科器械运动并维持绕着该器械的密封。密封通道454的最远部分462可具有密封下垂件464,下垂件464可围绕插过其的外科器械形成密封,并在没有器械插过其时可保持闭合。柔性密封通道的其他示例性实施方式公开在题为“Surgical Access Device with Flexible SealChannel”的美国申请[代理人文档号为100873-315(END6487USNP)]中,该申请与本申请同一日提交,并整体上通过引用包含于此。
在图17A~17C所示的另一实施方式中,提供了一种密封件基座430,其具有从其向近侧延伸的环管或防护件432。防护件432可被构造为在器械被插进密封端口434中时保护组织。例如,外科进入装置可被插进体内的开口中,这使位于密封件基座430附近的组织暴露到插入外科器械所造成的刺穿或撕裂。相应的,防护件432可连结到密封件基座430并从密封件基座伸出以提供对周围组织的保护。
防护件432可使用本领域中已知的任何连结机构连结到密封件基座430,并在一种实施方式中,防护件432可使用悬臂式卡扣接头连接到密封件基座430,使得防护件可按需要有选择地去除。卡扣件和至少防护件432的远侧部分436可基本上是刚性的,以为外科进入装置提供稳定性。可以使用任何合适材料来形成远侧部分,包括但不限于聚碳酸酯或者高密度聚乙烯。防护件432的近侧部分438可基本上是柔性的,以允许防护件相对组织的机动性,并可以由本领域已知的任何合适材料形成,包括但不限于硅有机树脂、尿烷、热塑性弹性体和橡胶。在一些实施方式中,防护件432可具有足够的刚性,以允许其被用来相对支架转动密封件基座430以及/或者允许支架相对牵开器转动。
在一些实施方式中,防护件432可具有围绕近侧部分438的周面形成的一系列缝隙或开口440。开口440可允许防护件432使用缝合线或者其他机构紧固到患者,并且/或者给患者紧固适中的覆盖物。此外,稳定性特征,例如脊或沟槽可布置在防护件432的组织接触表面上,以防止防护件432被插进患者时转动。本领域技术人员可以理解,各种形状和类型的防护件,既可以是刚性的,也可以是柔性的,可用在外科进入装置中的各种位置上,以保护各种部件和/或组织。
在另一实施方式中,防护件可在支架和牵开器之间延伸,并可改变形状。例如,图17D图示了一种外科进入装置480,其具有支架482,多个密封端口484穿过支架482形成。支架482具有柔性细长部分490和由锥形环管488形成的被扩展的牵开器486。环管488的近侧部分492可以通过本领域中已知的任何配接机构以固定或可动方式与支架482的远侧部分494配接,这些机构例如是粘结剂、压配合件等等。环管488可以是柔性的或者刚性的,并按需要可具有任何长度,以向患者体内的凹入开口496提供工作通道,使得柔性细长部分490可定位在环管488中。柔性细长部分490可延伸穿过环管488,或者可形成在或配接于环管488的远端498,并从远端498向远侧延伸。在一些实施方式中,柔性细长部分490可以具有一个部分沿阴道壁延伸并进一步伸进腹部,可以有或者没有远侧环。如图所示,环管488的直径可向远侧减小,以提供开口内和/或沿着进入身体的具体路径的特定配合。在一些实施方式中,环管488可具有形成在其中的开口,以允许组织收入环管488中来保持柔性细长部分490。本领域技术人员可以理解,环管488按需要可有任何形状或者角方位,以提供到患者体内凹入开口的通路。按此方式,柔性细长部分490可起到在套管488提供从支架482到柔性细长部分490的路径的同时保持凹入开口496打开的作用,使得外科器械可以针对患者体内的各种手术过程插过开口。
在这里所描述的任何和所有外科进入装置中,可包括接合和/或释放机构,以允许密封件基座与支架分离,允许支架与牵开器分离,以及/或者允许密封端口与密封件基座分离。在图18A~18F所示的一种实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置500,该装置可包括里面形成开口506的密封帽514和密封件基座502。密封件基座502具有与密封帽514的开口506连通的一个或者更多的密封端口504。密封端口504中可具有一个或者更多密封元件512。支架508可安放并支撑密封帽514和密封件基座502,牵开器510可与支架508配接并可被构造成定位在患者体内的开口内。
如图所示,密封帽514和支架508可包括闩锁机构516形式的接合释放机构,该机构使得密封帽514能够从支架508去除。两个接头518从密封帽514远侧部分520的相对侧伸出,并可被构造成接合形成在支架508的内环524中的对应槽522。闩锁环526可定位在内环524和支架508外周之间,并在上面形成有闩锁528。闩锁528可从闩锁环526经支架508外周上的窗口530向外延伸,并可在窗口530内沿横向短距离来回运动,这将在下面更详细描述。
内环524可包括用于在里面接收弹簧534的弹簧槽532。弹簧534的一端536可与闩锁环526的凸起538接触。弹簧534的相对端540可与内环524的弹簧槽532接触。按此方式,当闩锁528在窗口530内运动时,整个闩锁环526运动,由此引起弹簧被压缩在凸起538和弹簧槽532的一端之间。相应地,闩锁528被偏向弹簧534没被压缩的位置,如图18D所示。
当密封帽514上的接头518插入支架508中的槽522时,接头518可接合凸轮元件536,并由此引起闩锁528随着闩锁环526相对内环524和支架508的外周面运动而在窗口530内横向运动。一旦接头518插入通过形成在接头518上的突出部538,弹簧534就可促使凸轮元件536并相应地促使闩锁528向后行进到它们如图18D所示的偏置位置,由此将密封帽514紧固到支架508。为了从支架508释放密封帽514,闩锁528可在窗口530内横向运动,以促使闩锁环526中的凸起538压缩弹簧534。这个动作可使凸轮元件536运动避开接头518,由此允许密封帽514脱开并从支架508退出。按此方式,闩锁机构516可允许密封帽和密封件基座按需要从支架和牵开器反复接合和脱开。
在图19A和19B所示的另一实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置的近侧部分600,近侧部分600可包括里面有开口606的密封帽614和密封件基座602,密封件基座602具有与密封帽614的开口606连通的一个或者更多密封端口604。密封端口604中可有一个或更多密封元件612。支架608可安放并支撑密封帽614和密封件基座602,牵开器(未示出)可与支架608配接并可被构造成定位在患者体内的开口内。O形圈626可定位在密封帽614和支架608之间,以确保二者间的气密和液密密封。
如图所示,密封帽614和支架608可包括卡销闩锁机构形式的接合释放机构。两个卡销脚618可从密封帽614远侧部分620的相对侧伸出,并可被构造为接合形成于支架608内环624中的相应槽622。密封帽614上的卡销脚618可向下进入支架608内环624中的槽614内。密封帽614可相对支架608例如沿顺时针方向转动,由此促使卡销脚618在槽622内沿横向行进到突出部628覆盖卡销脚618上的相应突出部630的位置,由此将密封帽614紧固或者锁定到支架608。如果要脱开,则转动密封帽614,例如沿逆时针方向,使得卡销脚618自由从槽614中退出。
在图20A~20C所示的进一步实施方式中,提供了一种外科进入装置650,其具有拱顶形的密封件基座652,多个密封端口654从密封件基座652伸出。密封件基座652可邻近支架656定位并用C形夹658紧固于此。第一牵开器660可用本领域中已知的任何方法与支架656配接,第二牵开器662可如图所示与第一牵开器660配接。
C形夹658可以是一种基本上为刚性的元件,其形状为“C”形并可具有与其一体形成的接头664。接头664可有一系列脊666或其他表面形成物,这些形成物允许在连结和去除C形夹658的过程容易并牢固的夹持。C形夹658可围绕着支架656的近侧边沿668和密封件基座652的远侧边沿670定位,由此将二者紧固起来。C形夹658提供了围绕着边沿668、670的压配合。C形夹658可从围绕着两个边沿668、670去除,以允许密封件基座652从支架656拆下。本领域技术人员可以理解,按照需要可以使用多个夹将外科进入装置的各种部件紧固在一起。
有各种特征可以任选地与这里所述的任何和所有外科进入装置包含在一起。例如,像密封件基座、支架、牵开器等装置的部件可具有形成在其上面或者围绕着其周面形成的一个或者更多的灯,以在插进患者内时使得可视化情况更好。如可以理解的,对于各种应用场合可以使用任何波长的灯,无论是可见的还是不可见的。任何数量的端口可包含在并且/或者穿过外科进入装置,以使得能够在特定手术过程中按需要使用各种外科技术和装置。例如,开口和端口可允许引入加压气体、真空系统、像射频和超声等能量源、照明、成像,等等。如本领域技术人员可以理解的,这些技术中的任何一种都可以以可去除的方式连结到外科进入装置并按需可进行交换和操纵。
这里描述的实施方式可用于任何已知和将来的外科手术过程和方法,如同本领域技术人员所可以理解的。例如,这里所述的任何实施方式都可用来执行胃切除术和/或胃形成术,如在下面的美国专利申请中所描述的那样:与本申请同日提交的题为“Methods andDevices for Perfoming Gastrectomies and Gastroplasties”的美国申请[代理人文档号为100873-317(END6488USNP)],与本申请同日提交的题为“Methods and Devices for Perfoming Gastrectomies andGastroplasties”的美国申请[代理人文档号为100873-318(END6488USNP1)],以及与本申请同日提交的题为“Methods and Devices for Perfoming Gastroplasties Using a MultiplePort Access Device”的美国申请[代理人文档号为100873-319(END6489USNP)],所有这些申请都整体上通过引用包含于此。
这里公开的装置能够被设计成是一次使用后就处理掉的,或者可以设计成使用多次。然而,在每一种情况中,这种装置在至少一次使用后能够进行重新调整以再次使用。重新调整可包括下述步骤的任意组合:分解该装置,之后清洁或者替换特定件,随后重新组装。特别是,该装置能被分解,并且该装置任意数量的特定件或者零件能按任意组合被选择性地替换或者去掉。一旦清洁和/或替换特定件,该装置就可被重新组装用于随后的使用,或者用在重新调整的设施中,或者就在手术过程前由手术组使用。本领域技术人员可以理解,该装置的重新调整可利用各种分解、清洁/替换和重组的技术。这些技术的使用和所得到的重新调整后的装置,都落在本申请的范围中。
优选的,这里描述的本发明可以在外科手术前进行。首先,得到一个新的或者用过的器械,并且,必要的话,进行清洁。然后可对该器械消毒。在一种消毒技术中,该器械被放置在闭合并密封的容器中,诸如塑料袋或者TYVEK袋(高密度聚乙烯合成纸袋)。该容器和器械接着被放置在辐射场中,该辐射能穿透该容器,诸如伽马辐射、X射线或高能电子。这种辐射杀死该器械上面和该容器中的细菌。消毒后的器械接着可被储存在无菌容器中。这种密封的容器保持该器械无菌,直到其在医疗设施中被打开。
优选的是该装置是消过毒的。这可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何数量的方式做到,包括β或者γ辐射、氧乙烯、蒸汽以及液体浴(例如冷浸)。
本领域技术人员基于上述的实施方式可以理解本发明的进一步特征和优点。相应地,本发明不受已经特别地显示并描述的内容的限制。而受权利要求指明的内容限制。这里所引用的全部公开文献和参考文献都明确地整体上通过引用包含于此。

Claims (9)

1.一种外科进入装置,包括:
牵开器,所述牵开器具有穿过其延伸的开口,用于形成穿过组织进入体腔的路径;
支架,所述支架结合到所述牵开器并限定延伸穿过所述支架的纵向轴线,所述支架具有与所述牵开器中的所述开口连通的多个刚性密封端口,每个密封端口中都具有密封元件并具有中心轴线,所述中心轴线与所述支架的所述纵向轴线形成大于零的角度;
其特征在于,每个密封端口的中心轴线不同于所有其他密封端口的中心轴线。
2.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个具有开口,该开口的直径不同于其他密封端口中的开口的直径。
3.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述密封端口中至少一个是能够相对于所述支架转动的。
4.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,其中,两个或者更多的密封端口是能够相对于所述支架作为一个单元转动的。
5.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,其中,每一个密封元件都能够横向和枢转运动。
6.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,其中,每个密封端口都是能够相对于所述支架自由运动的,使所述中心轴线的角方位是可调节的。
7.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,进一步包括适配器,所述适配器能够以可去除的方式配接到所述密封端口中的至少一个,以改变该密封端口的有效直径。
8.如权利要求7所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述适配器具有非圆形横截面,以接收具有非圆形横截面的外科器械并与该外科器械形成密封。
9.如权利要求1所述的外科进入装置,其中,所述支架能够在凸构造和凹构造之间变动。
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