CN101678918A - 集运架 - Google Patents

集运架 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101678918A
CN101678918A CN200880014514A CN200880014514A CN101678918A CN 101678918 A CN101678918 A CN 101678918A CN 200880014514 A CN200880014514 A CN 200880014514A CN 200880014514 A CN200880014514 A CN 200880014514A CN 101678918 A CN101678918 A CN 101678918A
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pallet
arrangement surface
supporting member
loads arrangement
fabric cover
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CN101678918B (zh
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何塞·罗伯托·杜科
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RODINI RAPTERA JUNIA
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RODINI RAPTERA JUNIA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种储存和运输各种装载物的集运架。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种集运架的结构性的构造，其包括轻的柔性的且抗压缩的材料。所述集运架至少包括能够容纳所述装载物的装载物布置表面(2)和与所述装载物布置表面(2)相关联的支撑元件(3)，所述支撑元件(3)能够支撑所述装载物。集运架的优选实施例，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(3)包括至少一种蜂窝状塑料，并且具有基本上圆顶形状的横截面。集运架(1)还包括织物覆盖物，其能够从外部包绕装载物布置表面(2)和支撑元件(3)两者。

Description

集运架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种储存和运输各种装载物的集运架。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种集运架的结构性的构造，其包括轻的柔性的且抗压缩的材料。
背景技术
用于储存和运输装载物的集运架可通过其功能性、性能和品质，并分析例如机械抗力、尺寸稳定性、静态稳定性和动态稳定性等参数进行评估。这些参数必须满足根据用户需求、处理和移动所确立的要求，而这涉及两个基本问题：在集运架的组装和制造过程中所使用的原材料和结构性。然而，涉及生产的成本对于集运架设计的范围是一个限制因素。通常一种具有所有所需特征的功能完善、有效且良好品质的集运架是昂贵的，并且其生产是难以实施的。
评估参数
机械抗力是集运架的总的可容许装载物的其中一个决定因素。使用的原材料和结构性的构造直接影响这个问题。具有低机械抗力的集运架具有低的可容许装载物容量，并且根据放置在其上面的总重量而可能弯曲或甚至受损，因而危害装载物的安全性。
尺寸稳定度通过利用易于处理的原材料来实现，这种原材料对气候变化例如温度和湿度敏感性低。生产工艺可修正任何尺寸偏差，但这一工作涉及成本，并且重复工作的成本通常是较高的，因为其专门的人力和时间分配可用于其它生产工艺。
静态稳定性对于将装载物堆叠到集运架上，以及在不使用时将集运架彼此堆叠起来是特别重要的。集运架的结构性的构造应考虑到堆叠装载物的最大数量，且不会由于集运架接触部位上的任何结构性的缺陷而使其滑动或不稳定的风险。因此，该接触部位不应仅仅具有放置装载物的物理空间，还应该为装载物本身提供稳定性和安全性。同样的情形可适用于集运架的堆叠。目前，普遍将未使用的集运架堆叠起来，以使空间流线化或将其用于其它生产目的。该结构应使得集运架不会损坏其下面的另一集运架。
动态稳定性涉及叉式铲车的叉子在插入到集运架时发生滑移或滑动的问题。许多目前已知的集运架不能够在叉子上保持理想的稳定性，并且这在货车移动集运架时可能导致滑动，并从而损坏装载物。集运架设计必须还要考虑集运架在生产过程中，例如通过水平和垂直移动的传送带进行运输时可能遭遇的其它类型的移动。结构性的构造和使用的材料都会影响动态稳定性，并且具有低摩擦(摩擦力)的材料使滑动变得容易。
上面所解释的参数直接影响处理集运架时涉及的各种过程，例如货盘化(堆叠的集运架的分隔和集运架上的装载物放置)、单元化(在集运架上将各种较少的装载物体积分组成单个较大的体积)和输出(集运架的运输、移动和卸载)。
原材料
原材料的选择对于集运架设计是基本且决定性的阶段，并且其可能成为对依赖于需求和要求的设计范围的限制因素。结构性的构造的性能直接依赖于所使用的材料，反之亦然。
大多数当前已知的集运架由木材或注射塑料建造而成。
木制部件具有相对较低的制造成本，并且还容易生产，且在结构上可靠。然而，这种材料存在某些问题，例如易于受到害虫例如白蚁的攻击以及在连接部件时需要使用钉子，这可能损坏放置在集运架上的装载物。另一缺点涉及木材尺寸控制的难度，并且这个事实可能损害工艺自动化，此外还产生了集运架在不使用时的储存困难。
尽管具有低的生产成本，但是木制集运架可能由于需要执行烟熏工艺而变得昂贵，特别是对于输出集运架。烟熏包括对木材涂覆化学产品，以便给集运架消毒，消除害虫例如白蚁。这个工艺是耗时且昂贵的，并且增加了集运架的最终成本。
最后，木制集运架的最后的缺点涉及可持续性和环境保护。木材的使用造成采伐森林，并对环境造成负面影响。因此，损害了可持续性要求，并且天然资源将可能被耗尽或变得稀缺。
注射塑料部件具有良好的耐用性和抗害虫性，并且不需要钉子，因为通常注射塑料集运架是以单个整体制成的。然而，这种材料具有例如低摩擦(不稳定)、难以修理以及制造注塑模具所涉及的高成本等缺点。因而，生产成本提高了集运架的最终价格。
在这种背景下，可以说现今还没有已知的集运架能在低成本下将所有所需的要求和功能结合在一起。由于集运架的成本、材料和结构性所导致的限制，用户时常被迫选择某些特征而放弃其它特征。
本发明的目的
本发明的目的是提出一种集运架构造，其满足上面提到的功能要求，并具有良好的性能，保持最终成本相对较低。
属于本发明主题的集运架设计，其优先使用容易在市场上获得的低成本材料。由于该设计的简单性，制造集运架的生产工艺易于实施，并且不需要昂贵的器械(设备、机器和工具)以及专门的劳动力。因此，同现有技术已知的其它类型的集运架相比，这些因素确保了较低的最终成本。另外，出于上面陈述的原因，可能需要的集运架的保养与修理也变得容易了。
因此，在获得相对较低成本的目的下研究出一种新的用于集运架的结构性的构造和材料，不包括针对集运架的储存和运输所需的功能和性能要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的通过一种用于储存和运输装载物的集运架来实现，其包括至少一个能够容纳所述装载物的装载物布置表面以及与装载物布置表面相关联并能够支撑所述装载物的支撑元件，该支撑元件在几何形状上是三维的，并且由轻的柔性的且抗压缩的材料组成。
附图说明
现在将参照附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1显示支撑于任何表面上的集运架的支撑元件的透视图；
图2显示集运架的第一实施例的透视图；
图3显示图2中所示的集运架的正视图；
图4显示集运架的第二实施例的透视图；
图5显示图4中所示的集运架的正视图；
图6显示集运架的第三实施例的透视图；
图7显示图6中所示的集运架的正视图；
图8显示集运架的第四实施例的透视图；
图9显示图8中所示的集运架的正视图；
图10显示集运架的第五实施例的透视图；
图11显示图10中所示的集运架的正视图。
具体实施方式
以下将陈述用于集运架1，即本发明主题的优选实施例的一些示例。在所有示例中，集运架1包括支撑于支撑元件3上的装载物布置表面2。优选使用三个支撑元件3，然而，这个数量可根据所需的功能需求和要求而变化。
装载物布置表面2具有织物覆盖物，并且能够容纳任何类型的装载物，只要总的重量限制受到考虑且装载物不会损坏它即可。织物覆盖物延伸至支撑元件3上，包住它们，并且通过简单的缝制而将其保持在一起。其它类型的连接也是可行的，例如专用胶水或焊接。优选使用包括酒椰叶纤维的织物。酒椰叶纤维是一种由聚丙烯转化的合成纤维制成的低成本材料。其主要特征包括高的机械抗力、良好的尺寸稳定性(易于模制)、易于清洁以及高的热稳定性，另外提供足够的摩擦以便使放置于集运架1上的装载物稳定而不滑动。可使用另一种天然的、合成的或人工织物，只要其特征不损害在使用酒椰叶纤维时所获得的功能要求和安全要求即可。
装载物布置表面2包括四个端：第一端201、第二端202、第三端203和第四端204。第一端201和第二端202彼此平行地布置于表面2的相对端处，并且第三端203和第四端204彼此平行地布置于表面2的相对端处，并与第一端201及第二端202相交。集运架1还包括底5，其能够通过装载物布置表面2的织物覆盖物的扩展而为集运架1提供在外部装置上的支撑。所述外部装置可由任何外表面来代表，或者在这些集运架不使用且垂直堆叠起来时由另一集运架1的装载物布置表面本身来代表。因此，通过例如传送带，由于酒椰叶纤维提供的摩擦可避免集运架滑动，因而改进了动态稳定性。
支撑于外表面4(图1)上的支撑元件3具有三维的几何形状，并由轻的柔性的且抗压缩的材料制成。这种材料优选地包括蜂窝状类型的塑料，例如蜂窝状结构的特征在于双层物理布局能够支撑各种装载物的重量和移动。
Figure G2008800145145D00062
是一种热塑性塑料，并且包括其它特征，例如高的热阻和不渗透性。在这种情况下，可使用另一种材料，只要保持蜂窝状塑料所提供的功能要求和安全要求即可。此外，蜂窝状塑料可结合任何其它材料例如纸板或某些其它种类的塑料一起使用。
支撑元件3的横截面优选具有圆顶形类型，其为放置在装载物布置表面2上的装载物提供了良好的支撑和安全性。这种类型的构造与蜂窝状塑料一起具有良好的机械抗力，并从而具有良好的总的可容许装载物容量。此外，支撑元件3构造成可容许与叉式铲车的叉子稳定接触，以防止集运架1在插入所述叉子和在装载物被叉式铲车移动及运输期间发生滑动。因此，获得良好的动态稳定性。圆顶形支撑元件3的凸面部分面向装载物布置表面2，而圆顶形支撑元件3的凹面部分面向底5。然而，这种圆顶形的几何形式不是唯一可行的方案，在几何形状和结构性的构造这两方面，其它变化均是允许的。因此，支撑元件3可具有三角形顶、平行六面体或甚至不规则几何形状的三维形状，只要集运架1具有预期的安全性和可靠性即可。
支撑元件3的纵向部分从第三端203的垂直投影延伸至第四端204的垂直投影，从而为装载物布置表面2所包括的整个区域提供统一且均匀的支撑。
织物覆盖物仅仅延伸通过第一和第二端201，202的垂直投影，并且支撑元件3的孔不被织物覆盖物所包住。因而，支撑元件3还用作叉式铲车的叉子的导向器，便于操作员的运输操作。
所使用的原材料(织物和蜂窝状塑料)易于实现所需的尺寸稳定性，因为这些材料易于处理。因此，如果存在原始设计尺寸上的任何差异，那么不需要专用工具或专门的人力来执行重复劳动，即使产生了材料浪费，同传统的原材料相比，其损耗也将少得多。除了之前解释的这些功能优势和其它功能优势之外，所使用的原材料是可再循环的，也就是说，可重复使用织物和蜂窝状塑料来制造其它集运架或甚至制造用于其它用途的其它产品。因此，减少了负面的环境影响，同时实现了持续产量。
以下将陈述集运架1的一些变化示例。
第一实施例
在图2和图3中显示了用于集运架1的第一实施例。三个支撑元件3的各个均由装载物布置表面2的织物覆盖物的扩展部分进行外部地独立地包围。在这个实施例中，装载物布置表面2只包括织物覆盖物，其包括酒椰叶纤维。
第二实施例
图4和图5显示了用于集运架1的第二实施例。三个支撑元件3由装载物布置表面2的织物的扩展部分进行外部地联合地包围。因而，织物覆盖物包住集运架1的整个结构，提供了更大的稳定性和安全性，但同第一实施例相比具有更大的织物消耗。
第三实施例
图6和图7显示了用于集运架1的第三实施例。除了织物覆盖物之外，装载物布置表面2还包括支撑平台205。支撑平台205在形状上是矩形的，并且包围装载物布置表面2的整个区域。
用于制造这个支撑平台205的原材料应具有与使用要求相符的硬度和厚度。因而，可使用纸板、蜂窝状塑料本身或任何种类满足需求的材料。
支撑平台205以这样一种方式定位在支撑元件3和装载物布置表面2的织物覆盖物之间，即，使支撑平台205支撑于支撑元件3上，并将织物覆盖物缝制在它上面，以避免在支撑元件3上滑动。
第四实施例
图8和图9显示了用于集运架1的第四实施例。在这种构造中，支撑平台206放置在支撑元件3和集运架1的底5的织物覆盖物之间。支撑平台206在形状上是矩形的，并且包围从装载物布置表面2垂直投影的整个区域。装载物布置表面2的织物覆盖物的扩展部分缝制在支撑平台206上。
关于原材料，针对支撑平台205做出的相同的考虑可应用于支撑平台206。
第三实施例的支撑平台205和第四实施例的支撑平台206可在另一实施例中一起实施，从而提高集运架1的机械抗力和静态稳定性。
第五实施例
图10和图11显示了用于集运架1的第五实施例。这种结构性的构造类似于第四实施例，但不是支撑平台206，而是形状上也为矩形，但尺寸上较小的三个支撑平台207。因而，支撑平台207可像框架一样伸展，其从第一端201的垂直投影延伸至集运架1的第二端202的垂直投影。如同第四实施例中一样，装载物布置表面2的织物覆盖物的扩展部分缝制在支撑平台207上。
虽然已经描述了优选实施例的一些示例，但必须懂得，本发明的范围包含其它可能的变化，并且仅仅受到权利要求的内容的限制，其包括可能的等效装置。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于储存和运输装载物的集运架(1)，至少包括：
能够容纳所述装载物的装载物布置表面(2)，和
与所述装载物布置表面(2)相关联并能够支撑所述装载物的支撑元件(3)，
其特征在于，所述支撑元件(3)具有三维的几何形状，并由轻的柔性的且抗压缩的材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(3)的横截面是圆顶形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(3)的轻的柔性的且抗压缩的材料包括蜂窝状塑料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)具有织物覆盖物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)的织物覆盖物包括酒椰叶纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)被支撑于所述支撑元件(3)上。
7.根据权利要求4所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)的织物覆盖物的扩展部分能够从外部包围所述支撑元件(3)。
8.根据权利要求4所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)的织物覆盖物的扩展部分被缝制在所述支撑元件(3)上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)包括彼此平行地布置于所述表面(2)的相对端上的第一端(201)和第二端(202)，以及彼此平行地布置于所述表面(2)的相对端上并与所述第一端和第二端(201，202)相交的第三端(203)和第四端(204)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述支撑元件(3)具有纵向部分，所述纵向部分从所述第三端(203)的垂直投影延伸至所述第四端(204)的垂直投影。
11.根据权利要求1所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述集运架(1)至少包括底(5)，所述底(5)能够通过所述装载物布置表面(2)的织物覆盖物的扩展部分而将所述集运架(1)支撑在外部装置上。
12.根据权利要求4所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)至少包括布置在所述支撑元件(3)和所述集运架(1)的所述装载物布置表面(2)的所述织物覆盖物之间的支撑平台(205)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)的织物覆盖物被缝制在所述支撑平台(205)上。
14.根据权利要求2或11所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述圆顶形支撑元件(3)的凸面部分面向所述装载物布置表面(2)，并且所述圆顶形支撑元件(3)的凹面部分面向所述底(5)。
15.根据权利要求4或11所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述集运架(1)至少包括布置在所述支撑元件(3)和所述集运架(1)的所述底(5)的所述织物覆盖物之间的支撑平台(206，207)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的集运架(1)，其特征在于，所述装载物布置表面(2)的所述织物覆盖物的扩展部分被缝制在所述支撑平台(206，207)上。
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BRPI0700676B1 (pt) 2018-04-17
KR20090127148A (ko) 2009-12-09
EP2132102B1 (en) 2012-06-27
BRPI0700676C1 (pt) 2010-07-27
JP2010520123A (ja) 2010-06-10
CA2678000C (en) 2016-04-12
ES2392202T3 (es) 2012-12-05
WO2008104044A1 (en) 2008-09-04
EP2132102A1 (en) 2009-12-16
US8468955B2 (en) 2013-06-25
PT2132102E (pt) 2012-09-28
CA2678000A1 (en) 2008-09-04
MX2009009341A (es) 2009-12-09
KR101442873B1 (ko) 2014-10-07
BRPI0700676F1 (pt) 2019-01-15
JP5185294B2 (ja) 2013-04-17
HK1140463A1 (en) 2010-10-15
US20100050910A1 (en) 2010-03-04
BRPI0700676A (pt) 2008-10-14
CN101678918B (zh) 2011-11-23

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