CN101677811A - 可互换的高强度聚焦超声换能器 - Google Patents
可互换的高强度聚焦超声换能器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于具有无键转接器并能够在潮湿环境下工作的超声波医疗系统的可互换换能器。可互换换能器具有配合于医疗系统的换能器、超声波换能器和附加电子器件以提供易于更换并在多种医疗场合使用的独立插入件。还公布了一种滑环间隔件，这种用于薄饼式滑环的滑环间隔件具有底部和凸缘结构以在薄饼式滑环的每个接触环周围形成一个或多个通道。通道在每个连接器周围提供流体隔离以当滑环沉浸于潮湿环境时帮助减少滑环的诸连接器焊点之间的电子器件串话和触头腐蚀。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及供可互换的换能器在潮湿环境的换能器壳体内使用的密封转接器。
一些高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)换能器由于负担其物理结构的高功率水平而具有有限的寿命长度。因为多种原因，这些换能器的劣化和失效远快于其它医疗领域(例如诊断超声波或其它低功率应用)中的换能器。针对用于传递医疗功率水平的医疗超声波应用设计的换能器可能遭受因气穴现象或暴露于非常高的温度的热力作用造成的金属层的剥离、剥蚀或物理断裂。
为了应付HIFU操作的这些副作用，系统设计可使用低于换能器本身可能发生损害的阈值的HIFU换能器。其它系统采用通过脱气循环水的水浴，或设计其医疗方式使其具有医疗脉冲之间的长间隔。脉冲之间延长的停顿时间产生允许换能器冷却并使组织中的消极作用耗散掉的低脉冲重复频率(PRF)。
遗憾的是，一些医疗方式要求HIFU具有较高的PRF，或要求换能器连续工作某一时间长度，该时间长度排除低PRF工作。这些较高的PRF和/或连续波(CW)式方法在设计医疗以在某一时间周期内获得最大量的组织破坏时是理想的。在这些类型的操作中，换能器劣化就需要频繁更换HIFU换能器。更换的难点在于，换能器一般是昂贵且精巧的器件，因此处理换能器一般保持在最小程度。此外，医疗系统领域中的换能器经常嵌入到装满水的大体积腔室内，或以排除轻易取下和更换换能器的方式附连。换能器环境可能包含水，水是不允许与系统电子器件混合的。在换能器更换时水的出现会使换能器的更换变得污秽和棘手。一旦更换换能器，水会在系统和新换能器之间的电连接器之间徘徊。系统性能可能因水或其它流体的出现所造成的导电路径之间的电极腐蚀或信号串话而退化。
因此，希望提供一种换能器连接器或连接装置，它可提供将换能器拆下或连接于与潮湿环境要求兼容的医疗超声波设备的更容易的方法并能够应对所有系统需求而不会使性能劣化。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种能够以以实际上尽可能少的步骤连接于医疗头或医疗系统、同时又保持连接的环境条件的连接器式换能器。
另一目的是一种具有高可靠性且易于使用的连接，以促成在医疗系统中拆下和/或安装换能器的用户友好过程。
又一目的是提供一种具有多种特征和工作参数以拓展或拓宽用户可将其连接于医疗系统的换能器类型的换能器。
再一目的是尤其对设计特征而言具有必要驱动电子器件以减少所需要的编程和主系统的电子器件的换能器。
再一目的是为使用的器件提供一种简单的设置路径。
再一目的是用于潮湿环境下的电信号隔离或电接头隔离的密封装置。
发明简述
这些和其它的目的是通过适于用于高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)医疗系统的可互换换能器来实现的。可互换换能器具有基本刚性和中空的壳体。壳体具有两个开放端，一端用于装配HIFU换能器，而另一端具有绝缘层和用于与HIFU医疗系统电信号和电功率通信的电连接。可互换换能器适于配合在医疗系统上的槽口式插孔中。换能器理想地由用户来更换，因此换能器配合在槽口中的那部分被设计成易于插入和拔出。易于插入是通过换能器和医疗系统之间方位自由的、低接合力的连接器实现的，它使用户便于触及换能器。
本文中还描述了用于具有薄饼式滑环的潮湿性电连接的滑环间隔件。该滑环间隔件具有形成自非导电性材料的底部。多个孔贯穿底部延伸。孔被设计成包住延伸通过底部的电连接器。从底部伸出有一个或多个凸缘。配置这些凸缘以将孔隔离成多个单元。
本文中还描述了制造和使用可互换换能器的其它实施例和方法。
附图简述
图1示出可互换换能器的外观图。
图2是可互换换能器的剖视图。
图3示出采用可互换换能器的系统。
图4A-4E示出更换换能器的方法。
图5A示出可互换换能器的一个实施例的分解图。
图5B提供在插入件中使用的PCB的另一实施例。
图6A-6C示出可互换换能器与系统槽口的连接。
图6D-6E示出使用另一PCB的换能器插入件。
图6F-6I示出可能的转接器形状的发展。
图7和图8示出可互换换能器的另一PCB位置。
图9A-9E示出滑环密封件和滑环。
图10-15C示出滑环密封件的替代性实施例。
发明详述
本文描述了多种形式用于高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)医疗系统的可更换性换能器。可更换性换能器的基本设计包括中空和基本刚性的壳体。壳体中容纳有：换能器，例如可与HIFU医疗系统兼容的换能器；电学路径(电子器件)，用于将换能器连接于医疗系统以正确控制换能器；以及连接器，该连接器允许拆下可互换换能器和/或将其插入医疗系统上的插孔。换能器壳体具有一定形状并具有允许壳体相对于系统插孔轴线沿任何径向方位插入的电连接组件。可允许两个或多个方位(理想为无限数的方位)轴对称。仅为了具体化，可想像易于将耳机的小型插头插入便携式音乐播放器的情况。插头至插孔的径向方位不是问题，且如果在使用中使插头在槽口中转动，不会中断发送给头戴式耳机的功率和信号。这个概念类似于本文描述的可互换换能器连接中使用类型的转接器和槽口。
在下面的段落中，将描述装置的各个方面和实施例。将对具体细节进行说明以提供对本发明所述实施例的透彻理解。然而，本领域内技术人员应当理解，所述实施例可仅以所描述方面的一些或全部来实现，并包括或省略一些特定细节。在某些情形下，可省去或简化公知特征的描述以不混淆本发明的各方面和实施例。
一部分说明将使用本领域内技术人员所普遍采用的技术来表示，以向本领域内技术人员传达其工作的实质内容，包括所执行的操作和由惯常用于超声波系统、医疗超声波系统和HIFU系统的组件的术语。如本领域内技术人员公知的，操作典型地涉及通过一般使用已知的电子器件和控制器的发射器信号产生和控制换能器的波形。信号控制首先取决于使用HIFU的要求目的。在这里以直接和简单的方式给出相对现有技术设备具有新颖性的变例，以突出将本发明投入实践所需的那些元素，但对本领域公知的那些细节不作冗长的描述。术语系统包括独立、附属或嵌入这些部件的通用和专用配置。
可将各操作描述成以最有助于理解本发明的方式来顺序执行的多个分立步骤。然而，描述的顺序不应当解释为暗示这些操作必须以给出的顺序、甚至依赖顺序地操作。
本说明书中对“一个实施例”或“一实施例”的说明表示结合该实施例描述的具体特征、结构或特点包含在本发明的至少一个实施例中。因此，在许多地方出现短语“在一个实施例中”或“在一实施例中”不一定全部指同一实施例。
本发明涉及用于医疗超声波系统、尤其是那些关于HIFU医疗系统的可互换换能器装置及其制造方法。
本文描述的换能器包括新颖的物理部件和设计两者，它们以新颖方式与已有材料结合以形成满足本发明的一个或多个目的的换能器插入件。本实施例中的各新颖元素的组合将满足一些目的，而新颖元素的不同组合将满足不同目的。所有已有部件新的研发和配置的总和有助于满足大多数目的的设计，尽管不是在一个设计中必须达成所有目的。不同目的需求引发本文描述的创新性理念的不同组合。
该换能器插入件可适用于要求使用可方便地更换的换能器的任何数量医疗设备或医疗系统。在提交于2004年12月29日的未决美国专利申请11/027,912“Ultrasound Therapy Head With Movement Control(具有移动控制的超声治疗头)”(共同转让并以参考目的援引于此)中，所描述的医疗超声波系统具有医疗头。该医疗头包含湿的、其中设有换能器的第一腔室。存在第二腔室，它可以是湿的或干的并包含电动机驱动系统。电动机驱动系统使用若干可能装置中的一种以使换能器在第一腔室内移动。所描述的装置包括使用从电动机侧腔室延伸至换能器侧腔室的致动器、设置在电动机腔室并具有在换能器腔室内磁性连接的换能器的滑动件、或越过两腔室之间的挡板将电动机产生的功转换成换能器的移动的多种机械平移部件。
本设计的可互换换能器(在本文中也被称为连接器式换能器或换能器插入件)非常适用于之前描述的医疗头。可互换的换能器或换能器插入件由具有转接器端和音端的壳体构成。在转接器端具有通信端口。转接器端被设计成配合入相应插孔或医疗超声波系统中。在一个实施例中，换能器转接端具有可拆卸地配合于医疗超声波系统中的插孔的多个方位。在音端具有换能器以及在通信端口和换能器之间形成电气通信的装置。
转接器端可以是雄型或雌型部分，而插孔可以是逻辑对应类型部件。尽管我们主要描述了雄型转接器和雌型插孔，应当理解该转接器插入件的转接器端可以是雌性组件而系统侧插孔是雄性组件。转接器端和相应插孔端以某一方式设计以提供将换能器插入件放置在系统中的多个工作方位。在一个实施例中，多个方位可以简单为转接器和插孔的带狭缝的设计方案。转接器和插孔的电子器件以某一方式设置以实现“无缝”式连接。不管插入件在插孔中处于何种方位，插入件与系统相联并恰到好处地工作。转接器和插孔之间的连接可以是具有轴对称的任何设计方案，因此插入件可绕轴转动以使插入件沿至少两个方向(正常和倒转)配合入插孔中。如果连接形状类似三角形，则可获得三个方位。对于正方形来说，可具有四个方位。这种动态合理地继续且具有圆形转接器的最理想形状，其中给予绝对的径向自由度。插入件可在任何径向方位置于系统插孔中并确保正确的电连接。不一定要规则的形状来作出转接器连接。也可采用不规则形状，只要它们是对称的。连接的对称性给予用户的优点是不必担心换能器插入件相对系统槽口(插孔)的方位。只要连接器的形状与插孔匹配，用户就知道该方位有效。
超声波医疗系统和换能器插入件中的换能器之间需要电气通信。电气通信在通信侧进入换能器插入件。电气通信表示提供从换能器经过换能器插入件中的通信端口至超声波系统的功率连接、信号连接或接地连接的任意组合。这种通信可使用业内已知的导线、线缆、连接引脚或其它电子传输仪器来实现。在一个实施例中，该连接可以是直接从通信端口延伸至呈“无音”设计的换能器的导线，其中在插入件中不提供板载智能。在另一实施例中，可通过将电气部件添加至用来提供从通信端口至换能器的电气通信的电路而将智能包含到插入件中。可在智能设计中使用多种部件。电气部件可包括：优化换能器的调谐变压器；位于换能器插入件中、用于测量有关环境的各种参数的传感器；监控各种换能器性能和/或安全性的传感器；用于记录测量或检测数据的器件；用于运行可编程应用或存储信息至插入件或任何其它要求操作的IC芯片。
在本发明的另一实施例中，通信端口和换能器之间的电气通信可由两级弹性引脚连接布置来提供。连接引脚的第一级组将通信端口连接于电路板。电路板可以是PCB/PCBA并进一步为薄饼滑环PCB/PCBA。连接引脚的第二级组将电路连接于换能器。电气通信进入来自超声波系统的通信端口。电气通信随后前进至电子电路。电路板可提供各电气部件合适的协调和布局，并确保系统和换能器之间正确的电气通信处理。电气通信从电路延续至换能器。来自换能器的任何回程电气通信遵循相同的路径从换能器回到电路板，并随后回到系统。
插入件中可具有各种数据记录器、传感器或可编程器件。这些元件可在电路板上。可包含在插入件内的各种可能的器件包括跟踪换能器已被使用的次数的芯片、确定换能器和病患之间的正确连接的传感器、确定换能器是否正确地安装在超声波系统的传感器或确定换能器在提供医疗输出的同时安全工作的传感器。也可为用于例如“A”线换能器之类的第二换能器的调谐器以将简单的成像信息提供给用户或系统。
换能器插入件也可构造成与例如提交于2004年12月29日的题为“器件超声波系统”的11/027,919美国专利申请(共同转让并以参照方式援引于此)中描述的器件式超声波系统一同工作。在该实施例中，插入件具有配合于具有两个或多个相似槽口以接纳一种以上类型的插入件的超声波系统的转接器，其中一个插入件可以是本文描述的换能器插入件。在一种器件超声波换能器中，在医疗头中具有两个或多个槽口。这些槽口是相同的，而用于槽口的插入件可插入任何一个槽口，每个插入件具有编程于其中的提问和识别部件，因此当插入件插入时，超声波医疗系统可识别每个单独的插入件并了解如何正确地使用它。系统可同时处理多种插入件。每个插入件可具有不同的焦深、性能参数或使用要求，系统可确定和正确地处理所有插入件的正确操作。理想地，换能器插入件可由系统自动地正确使用(无需专门的用户作用或发指令给用户，除了使用换能器插入件的单插孔超声波系统外)。
使用现代材料和电子器件大为减小了制造本文公开的用于医疗超声波系统的换能器的成本。成本减小和便于制造使更换部件在用坏或不再理想时可将其丢弃。
除了本文描述的换能器插入件外，现在披露一种允许在潮湿环境下作出电连接的新颖结构。该新颖结构是滑环密封件，它被设计成用于薄饼式滑环PCB。该滑环密封件具有底部、贯穿底部延伸的两个或多个孔以及从底部延伸以将孔分隔成多个单元的凸缘。凸缘可界定独立界定在每个孔周围或在选定的一组孔周围或两者组合位置的单元。
换能器插入件和系统之间的连接通常处于潮湿环境。尤其在换能器工作时，其中设有换能器的腔室充满流体。各种流体适用于可使用本发明的换能器的换能器腔室内，水由于其易获得性、成本和性能特征一般是最常见的流体。由于当其它兼容流体对于具体场合来说较优时水对所有操作不一定都是最佳的，因此本文中对流体或水的引用应当理解为包括最适于换能器所想要的使用和设计的任何流体。
现在参照附图，应当理解，提供附图为所提供的说明作出补充。附图中的部分不一定相对其它附图或同一附图中的其它部分按比例绘出。对于这些部分或附图不应当理解为实际设计部分的任何绝对含义，而是作为理解本文的公开的实施例的示例。
互换换能器10的简化外观图示出于图1。换能器10具有图示为基本圆柱形的壳体16。壳体16为理想刚性和中空的。壳体16具有换能器端20、电连接器和密封端14。外部电连接器40贯穿密封端14延伸并设计成连接于来自医疗系统的正确电气线路。这些线路包括发送/接收线、接地线和电源线。可根据医疗系统的需要或引用提供附加线路。可互换换能器只需具有可实现那些能力的附加电连接器和支持电路。还设有转接器32以允许将换能器10物理连接于HIFU医疗系统。
现在示出可互换换能器10的简化内部图(图2)。密封端14同样具有用于电连接于医疗系统的外部电连接器40。外部电连接器40可贯通密封端14延伸以连接于壳体16中的器件，或可以有来自壳体内部的贯通密封端的中间连线。理想地，外部连接器贯通密封端地延伸以提供医疗系统的槽口和可互换换能器内部之间的电接触。换能器22示出于壳体16的底部或下部。换能器22通过导线12电连接于连接器40。从超声波系统至换能器22(或从换能器22至超声波系统)的电信号可根据需要包括电源、接地、发送、接收、数据或其它的信号和信息。壳体也可包含作为换能器控制电路的一部分的一个或多个电气组件。
可互换换能器10具有允许其配合在医疗设备系统上的接受体内的连接器或转接器(图3)。可能如上所述地使用可互换换能器的医疗系统300在图中具有底部302、带显示屏幕306和医疗头308的关节式臂杆304。在医疗头308中，存在用于接纳可互换换能器的转接器。还设有计算机或其它电子智能(CPU)以使系统300和换能器10工作。
医疗头308的内部器件一般连同更换换能器的方法一起予以说明(图4A-4E)。
医疗头308中的任何水或其它流体理想地从医疗头抽出以在打开时使水不溅出医疗头之外。使医疗头中的水或其它流体不成为本文描述的换能器的拆卸和安装的阻碍，因此不需要完全抽干医疗头。在一个实施例中，医疗头308是翻转的，因此主换能器腔室310位于底部上。医疗头308具有含透视窗316的可移除罩312部(图4A)。
罩312被拆下(图4B)，露出医疗头换能器腔室310的内部。可互换换能器10连接于接受体槽口38。当罩312密封于换能器壳体310时，采用一对水管320来使换能器腔室内的水循环。在医疗罩312上具有匹配凸缘322以及在换能器壳体310上含O形环密封件的舱壁324，当将舱壁324组装起来时构成腔室(未示出)的防水密封。在接受体38下面，换能器腔室可具有连接于机械驱动系统的电动机或电动机凸轮326或驱动轴，以使接受体38移动。
一旦罩312被拆下，可拆下可互换换能器10(图4C)。理想地，换能器可直接提出到接受体38之外，或以最少量的力(例如扭力或摆动力)从接受体上拆下。空的接受体38具有在该步骤中可能弄湿的PCB滑环，而水出现在PCB上是无关紧要的。
现在将新换能器10’取代旧换能器10安装在接受体38上(图4D)。设置新换能器10’的插入力同样理想地非常低，允许任何用户轻易和迅速地插入新换能器10’。当新的换能器10’坐落于接受体38时，换能器插头和接受体38的圆形状允许任何径向的方位。罩312随后重新定位在换能器腔室310中以再次形成医疗头308(图4E)。
一旦新换能器到位，理想的是重新填满储水腔室、激活医疗系统300并允许系统与新换能器10’通信，从而确保换能器正确地位于接受体38中并确保换能器正常地作出响应。系统可使用“提问和回答”协议来确定换能器的性质，并建立用于特定换能器的正确医疗方式。换能器10可具有板载集成电路(IC)30，一旦正确连接即向医疗系统提供详细信息。或者，可针对其它目的采用IC(见下文)。
连接器或转接器32在图中位于壳体16的外部(图1)。连接器32使换能器壳体16匹配于医疗系统300的槽口或接受体38。理想地，连接器32使壳体16以低插入力插入槽口或接受体以提供方便的插入或拆下。电连接器40被设计成与用于将换能器10匹配于接受体38的机构协同工作，以使电连接器40与相应系统侧电子通道建立并保持接触，而不管匹配于接受体时换能器的径向方位如何。连接器32同样能够在任何径向方位配合于槽口38。接受体或槽口38具有用于连接器32的接纳元件36。配合于槽口的连接器32本质上可以是机械的、磁性的或电磁性的。只要连接器能将换能器壳体保持在槽口中的正确位置并允许任何径向方位的插入和拆下，连接器就足以实现所要的用途。
现在描述可互换换能器组件(图5A)。在本实施例中，壳体16由两部分组成：用于接纳换能器22的下部16B；适于与医疗系统槽口38连接的上部16A。图示的换能器22具有一组引脚接受体24r，其中电气引脚24附连于换能器。电气引脚24从接口28延伸至换能器并经过同轴衬套26。理想地，衬套具有使接口和换能器上的连接点对齐的孔。选用的变压器42可连接于接口28，并坐落在由同轴衬套26界定的孔中。
下部16B可通过首先将换能器22插入下部16B而开始组装。换能器22可使用环氧树脂或树脂沿换能器缘口固定以将换能器密封于由壳体开口20界定的孔中。将电连接器引脚24插入同轴衬套26，并随后定位连接器引脚24以匹配换能器接受器布置24r。随后将同轴衬套26放置在下部并固定。例如变压器42或数据IC(未示出)的电气组件可附连于PCB 28，并随后将PCB 28对齐以匹配要求的连接器引脚24布置。PCB 28在其上表面和下表面均具有预定义的焊区。这些焊区对应于下部的电连接器引脚24以及上部40的电气引脚的引脚方位。
类似地组装上部16A。上部16A密封在顶部周围，且贯通上部16A的顶部延伸的电气引脚40密封隔离从壳体外部流至内部的流体。可将电气引脚40焊接在位，或用环氧树脂或其它溶剂固定以提供上部16A和孔之间的流体密封，这是引脚需要的。上部连接器引脚40插入与PCB 28上端焊区匹配的预定配置中的绝缘层34。连接器引脚可以是适用于可互换设计方案的任何类型的电气引脚。由于其易膨胀的特性，弹性引脚、高跷式引脚、弹性夹和其它张紧的电连接器是一个实施例中所需要的。弹性加载的连接器允许换能器和PCB之间的物理距离具有更大的安全余量。一旦连接引脚40就位，绝缘层34下降进入上壳体16A。理想地，绝缘层34附连于上部以使上部16A和绝缘层34作为一个单元移动。绝缘层34可使用粘附化合物附连在绝缘层和上壳体顶部之间。或者，可构造绝缘层34以在绝缘层和壳体的上部之间具有压配合。理想地，粘合剂或压配合防止水渗漏至绝缘层和壳体下面。随后上壳体下降至下壳体组件上以使连接器引脚40匹配于PCB焊区布置(图5A)。整个换能器壳体可充满惰性气体以增进内部器件的稳定性和工作寿命。
在另一实施例中，换能器插入件10用滑环PCB 29代替标准PCB 28(图5B)。在本实施例中具有直接附连于具体器件(变压器、IC芯片等)的分立焊区LD或迹线以及连接于各种连接器的制造成滑环102a-i的迹线。在本实施例中，换能器插入件通过与换能器插入件不直接附连于PCB 29的诸个部分的电气通信实现组装优势，那些不附连的器件能免除相对于PCB 29的分立方位。理想地，直接连接于PCB 29的部件可连接于分立的焊区点LD，同时引脚连接24、40可连接于焊区环。换能器22也可具有焊区环而不是分立的连接点24r。通过在换能器的各个器件中使用焊区环，可获得特定方位的自由度，并因此提供制造/组装这些部件和子器件方面的优势。
尽管示出医疗系统槽口38(图5A)，然而该器件不是可互换换能器10的一个部件，且在这里仅示出所有所述部件的排列。理想地，槽口利用薄饼式滑环来改善接触，不管径向方位如何。
用于可互换换能器设计中的换能器可具有一个固定区或设计成具有两个或多个聚焦区。换能器可具有因形成在换能器中的机械变形而获得的有缺陷聚焦区，例如2004年3月31日提交的题为“VORTEX TRANSDUCER(涡式换能器)”的10/816197美国专利申请和2006年5月23日提交的题为“MedicalUltrasound Transducer Having Non-Ideal Focal Region(具有非理想聚焦区的医疗超声换能器)”的11/439706美国专利申请(两项申请共同转让并以参照方式援引于此)中记载的那样。漩涡式换能器和非理想聚焦域换能器允许产生呈圆形或圆环形图案聚焦域，其中该图案由换能器的碗形件的机械位移形成。绝缘层34主要用于防止电触头40之间的电气串话和触头腐蚀。聚焦域的形状和尺寸可以数学方式计算出并为换能器制造出合适的机械形状。这使换能器以具体要求的形状和图案聚焦超声而不需要电控换能器的复杂性和成本。换能器也可以是电聚合装置，例如2D阵列或经移相的阵列换能器。
现在描述换能器槽口连接的内部细节(图6A)。在一个实施例中，存在基本呈圆柱形的壳体16。该壳体16具有位于绝缘层34附近的瓶颈区以及在换能器22附近的较大直径。换能器侧20是开启的或具有使超声波能量无阻地放送至壳体16之外的窗。换能器22固定在开口端20附近，并经由一组连接引脚24连接于接口28。连接引脚24用壳体16内的同轴衬套26保持在位。接口28可以是如前所述的一组连接线或包括电路、PCB、PC(B)A或其它硬件器件。接口也可具有附加的电子器件，例如用于调谐换能器22的变压器42、帮助为医疗系统300识别可互换换能器10的数据芯片或集成电路(IC)30。附加的器件描述如下。
在换能器22的反面，存在防止水或大气进入换能器10内室的密封件14。与密封件14结合工作的是减少外部电连接器40之间的引脚腐蚀和/或串话的绝缘层34。注意，换能器侧20也与外部环境密封隔离。尽管换能器侧20可通过换能器22本身和用来防止泄漏的许多化合物密封，然而密封件14具有一个或多个孔50以使外部电连接器40凸出。理想地，孔50足够大以使电连接器40通过。孔可依靠压配合以防止孔和引脚之间的液体渗出，或使用密封剂，或两者兼用。一旦外部电连接器40使用焊料、环氧树脂、树脂、粘合剂或其它合适的密封剂就位，就可将孔50密封。连接器32位于壳体上并设计成配合于医疗系统槽口38上的相应连线。接纳元件36和连接器32形成换能器-系统连接。这种连接理想地为高耐久性的。重复可靠性是理想的，但对换能器连接器却并不需要，因为不会预见到任何一种特定的换能器将被拆下和插入很多次。
换能器连接器32和系统侧连接(接受体)36的设计允许各换能器在需要时可与医疗系统300互换。这使一个医疗系统在其工作范围内具有各种变化。每种新的换能器可提供额外的性能并更换用旧或过时的部件。理想地，换能器10与系统300的匹配可用低插入力连接器32和接受体36的组合来实现。尽管插入力很低，但连接很牢固，因此换能器10安装在槽口38是稳固的。槽口38理想地通过一组凸轮326连接于电动机组件。不管槽口38如何移动，系统300和换能器10之间的电气通信得以维持。
电气引脚40贯通密封件34延伸的布局被设计成与内建在槽口38中的附加焊区形成接触(图6B)。槽口焊区102a-c形成槽口中的同轴结构。在电连接焊区之间具有绝缘环104。在这里分别表示为40a、40b、40c(图6B)的电气引脚40各自携带从医疗系统100至可互换换能器10的独立电信号。各连接器根据需要可携带功率、发送/接收器信号信息、IC芯片检测、接地或其它信号。槽口PCB中的相应焊区形成同心环以与每个引脚单独连接。这是通过将电气引脚40a-d设置在从换能器连接器端部的中心引出的不连续半径处而实现的。那么，换能器壳体与槽口配合，换能器壳体的引脚与滑环的相应同轴焊区相匹配。如此，即使换能器在槽口中转动，合适的电气引脚40a-c一直与形成相应引脚焊区连接102a-40a、102b-40b、102c-40c的相应焊区环保持接触。对于焊区102x和连接器引脚40x不存在什么限制，并且在设计中可包含如需要那么多个对。当换能器与系统匹配时，电气引脚和PCB焊区配合，并提供可靠的电连接(图6C)。理想地，用系统侧槽口38将可拆卸换能器10保持在位的压力提供施加在绝缘层34上的足够力以防止流体渗入绝缘层34和壳体16A的凹口之间的区域内，在该区域内设置绝缘层。该绝缘层也可通过底面上的凸缘制造而成(未示出)以使绝缘层对每个电连接器或多组电连接器形成分立的通道或腔室，作为绝缘层上部的凸缘或脊结构。
本文中描述并示出于附图的引脚布置和滑环代表一个实施例，然而该实施例不旨在对连接器布置构成限制。换能器“插头”端的电气引脚的数目可如要求或需要地那么多以实现提供电连接或甚至为结构完整性而使插头稳固的必要任务。滑环的焊区同样可如要求地那么多并且不一定要遵循每个焊区具有相应电连接器这一原则。焊区可用作串话传感器，只要没有物理引脚被设计成与之接触即可，但形成连接时其仍然监视电信号。焊区本身可用作电传感器以监视焊区之间的电连接和/或绝缘的安全性和稳定性。
现在描述在插入件中使用薄饼式滑环PCB 29的另一实施例。换能器插入件类似于之前描述的组件。例如变压器42之类的各器件仍然直接连接于经改型的PCB 29(图6D)。电气引脚24、40不再连接于PCB 29上的分立迹线。电气引脚24、40现在压靠在PCB 29上的迹线环102a-c。这使顶部16A和底部16B压配合在一起而不管诸部件相对彼此的方位为何。无论顶部16A对于底部16B的方位为何，电气引脚24、40仍然配合于迹线以提供从通信端口至换能器的正确电气通信。
在要么使用标准PCB 28要么使用滑环PCB 29的另一实施例中，换能器22在其周缘具有迹线环24LR以使换能器也能被安装于底部16B而不必考虑电气引脚24相对换能器22的方位和布置。
现在示出与滑环PCB 29的电气引脚连接40的特写图(图6E)。这里，变压器42的分立连接以一系列分立焊区LD或迹线位置的形式表示。
换能器插入件10的转接器不一定是圆形的，尽管圆形设计是理想的。允许换能器插入件多种方位的各种其它形状示出于图6G-6I。为了简化用户更换换能器插入件10的过程，换能器转接器在系统侧对“槽口”具有“无键”方位。因此转接器对于两个方位是长方形的、对于三个方位是三角形的、直至圆形插入件和槽口(图6I)。转接器的形状也不限于规则形状，只要转接器形状沿一轴线对称以使转接器在沿另一对称准直方向取向时仍与超声波系统匹配即可。不管插入连接器和槽口的物理形状为何，槽口具有滑环形状的电触头(图6F-6I中的虚线)，其中电触头引脚设置在理想的半径外以与相应焊区物理接触，由此相应的引脚40a-x与相应焊区102a-x通信。
图5、6A-6C所示的接口28的方位不一定垂直于换能器壳体的轴线。接口28连同任何附加组件可处于任何要求的方位。在一个实施例中，接口28是与壳体16的轴线对齐的PCB或PCA(图7)并具有从外部电子连接器40至PCB式接口28的连接线12，所述PCB式接口28具有变压器42和数据IC 30加上可能要求的其它电子器件。
在另一实施例中，接口可以是具有含附加内置信息的数据IC的PCB。数据IC 30可包括关联于换能器使用允许启用的使用次数的数据，或者它可记录有助于改善未来的可互换换能器设计的使用数据(例如测量衰减、反馈、去耦、热力信息等)。尽管该采集数据可存储在数据IC中，然而也可将附加的传感器402l-i附加至接口28以记录所要求的数据(图8)。
用于可互换换能器的绝缘层34可以是电绝缘材料的垫圈或垫盘。尽管绝缘层可以是固体或其它均一的部件，然而对电绝缘层的独立新颖设计是允许的。
适于在潮湿环境下在各触头之间提供绝缘的绝缘层以滑环密封件(间隔件)的形式实现。该滑环间隔件被设置在连接器式换能器的入口端。滑环间隔件可具有与本文描述的一般说明和要求一致的多种形式中的任何一种，或者类似或等效于任何列举出的所述实施例。滑环间隔件在医疗系统的连接器式换能器和槽口之间提供减震器。此外，密封件提供孔或允许透过密封件在连接器式换能器和槽口之间提供电气通信的其它手段。另外，密封件允许潮湿环境下多个隔绝的电连接器之间同时进行电气通信。密封件提供每个单独的电连接器类型的隔离，从而减少不同种类的信号和/或功率连接器之间的串话。滑环密封件理想地由具有或其中包含有耐水或耐电特性的材料。如果材料略为可导，即使给出局部或完全流体密封也会在电气引脚之间产生短路。
现在如图9A-9E所示地描述滑环间隔件。滑环间隔件900具有底部902和从底部凸起的一个或多个凸缘或脊904l-i。脊或凸缘适于压靠在滑环SR上并形成一个或多个通道906l-i以使滑环SR的每个电连接环通过脊904l-i与其它电连接环分离。当滑环密封件900压靠在滑环SR时，通道906l-i由滑环的脊或凸缘形成。脊压靠在滑环SR上，在分离的通道906l-i之间形成对流体流动的密封。滑环对流体移动形成一个阻挡物，而滑环密封件形成通道的边和底部。如此限制导电流体在诸通道之间的流动，并减少其暴露于电气引脚。这使电气引脚中和电气引脚之间的腐蚀和串话减至最小。底部理想地具有针对电气引脚或连接器设计以与滑环上的电连接环形成接触的孔。在操作中，滑环间隔件900允许每个连接器与相应滑环焊点通信而不会在其它通道之间产生串话，即使环境是潮湿的。
引脚连接器可组织成多个组而使多个引脚与滑环焊区形成接触。在这种情形下，引脚可组织成组，比如共享一个电路通道的两个引脚40b、40i(图9A)。该示例是设计成与一个焊区形成接触的一个以上引脚的例子，而对编组成一个通道或组的引脚数目或用于换能器和槽口之间的互连配置的组数目不存在限制。
或者，滑环间隔件可在底部(未示出)的下侧上以类似于间隔件的上表面上的凸缘或脊图案的图案形成凸缘或脊。在间隔件底部上出现的凸缘或脊有助于在工作中流体渗漏至滑环密封件之下的情况下使电触头引脚彼此隔绝。
滑环间隔件900可采用无数可代替的实施例。滑环间隔件900具有单独隔绝的电气引脚区(图10)。在本实施例中，滑环间隔件900的每个孔40具有包围每个孔的一个或多个凸起脊904。底部902的外缘也被凸缘或脊904R环绕以使从连接器的外侧流向内部器件的水或流体减至最小。从诸孔凸出的各电气引脚各自绝缘以减少电极腐蚀和/或串话的风险。
一个螺旋通道可形成有螺旋形脊(图11)，在螺旋图案中设有周期式隔板。间隔件可采用多种从底部延伸出的脊或凸缘配置。脊可以是锥形的、块状的，或设置成成组工作的一连串薄隔板(图12A-12C)。理想地，间隔件由具有高耐水性和耐电性的材料(例如橡胶、RTV(室温硫化)硅橡胶、聚合物等)制成。该材料理想地具有足够低的硬度以允许凸缘或脊在压靠于滑环时变形，以使凸缘略微变形以密封压靠在滑环上。结构上更强健的设计理想地具有含更大接触面积的较低硬度材料(图12A、12B)，同时具有更刚性构成的密封件结构可使用更高硬度材料但较小接触面积的材料(图12C)。
在另一实施例中，间隔件具有直接压在滑环上的顶部，且压力迫使任何流出滑环本身的表面积以使电连接相对地无任何流体。在另一实施例中，临时通道1301可使电气引脚的孔结合于滑环密封件的外缘，因此水能够逸出或被迫离开电气引脚出口(图13A-13B)。当密封件压靠在滑环时，通道压向滑环表面，由此将电连接之间的流体流动减少至滑环焊区之间的串话可以接受的程度。
在间隔件的又一实施例中，间隔件可包括具有网状结构的耐水和耐电材料(图14A-14C)。网状结构之间的间距充当电气引脚的孔以从换能器和医疗系统槽口凸出。可选择地，网状结构可在网幅(web strands)之间具有附加材料以当滑环密封件压配在可互换换能器和系统槽口之间的位置时进一步限制水在网幅之间的流动。当间隔件压靠在滑环且同时连接器式换能器被推入医疗系统的槽口时，(具有或不具有附加材料的)网状结构崩溃并挤压流体流出单元并离开电接触器。崩溃的网状结构形成在网幅之间流动的流体的障碍。网状结构可组织(图14A-14c)或随机分布于密封件的构形中(图15A-15C)。
在操作中，换能器如本文描述可从槽口拆下，且随后将新的一个插入而不管换能器相对于槽口的径向方位如何。如果包含槽口的环境是潮湿的，则换能器上的密封件允许换能器壳体在槽口侧的电焊区上形成良好的连接，同时确保与换能器和可互换换能器的内部结构的刚性连接。如有必要，可用树脂或环氧树脂密封焊缝或组件接头。焊缝和组件接头也可通过钎焊、超声波熔焊或类似的技术密封。
除了上述实施例外，现在描述适用于本发明的另一互连方案。另一换能器信号连接包括采用经由引脚和槽口的直接电连接、经由钎焊的弹性触头和PCB迹线的直接电连接、经由PCB迹线至(例如载体中的)浮动弹性触头的至PCB迹线的直接电连接、经由接线柱和含多个连接的槽口(例如立体声耳机插孔)的直接电接触以及例如电感耦合和电容耦合的无线式互连。
换能器可通过胶合或机械附连于壳体而固定在壳体中。换能器可夹在壳体的预制口承和电连接引脚24之间。在另一实施例中，换能器可使用可溶性粘合剂附连以在可互换换能器失效时允许更换换能器陶瓷。
换能器壳体和槽口之间的物理连接器结构上可与电连接器组合。人们可以展望出设计成与槽口中的相应引脚连接器相匹配的一串叠置的电连接器环。或者，槽口和插入件之间的关系可颠倒而使换能器具有用于接纳来自医疗系统的雄性端转接器的槽口。
在其它实施例中，换能器壳体和槽口之间的物理连接可通过适用于所要求的医疗系统和医疗过程的任何低插入力机构来实现。这些可包括支承环、卡环或简单的摩擦配合。槽口内的换能器壳体的旋转能力并非关键，只要换能器通过非对齐的电连线电连接于医疗系统的电子器件即可。
对本领域内技术人员而言，在细阅本说明书后就容易理解本发明的其它实施例。本文中未阐述的内容和实施例不应当认为是唯一的或仅仅是对可互换换能器提供的方法和装置。本发明的范围不应当受本公布的限制，除非如所附权利要求书定义的那样。
Claims (36)
1.一种用于医疗超声系统的插入件，所述插入件包括：
具有转接器端和音端的壳体；
在所述转接器端的通信端口，所述转接器端具有配合于医疗超声系统中的接受体的两个或两个以上方位；
在所述音端的换能器，所述换能器与所述壳体形成流体封闭密封；以及
在所述通信端口和所述换能器之间电气通信的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述连接端口还包括绝缘层。
3.如权利要求2所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述绝缘层是滑环间隔件。
4.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述转接器端具有径向自由度以沿任何径向方位配合接受体。
5.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述电触头是弹性加载的触头引脚。
6.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述换能器具有两个或两个以上的分立的聚焦区。
7.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述换能器具有有缺陷的聚焦域。
8.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述转接器端可滑动地配合在所述医疗超声系统中。
9.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述电连接器包括一个或多个电气部件。
10.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述电连接器是摩擦配合在所述通信端口和PCB之间的第一组弹性引脚以及摩擦配合在PCB和换能器之间的第二组弹性引脚。
11.如权利要求1所述的插入件，其特征在于，所述插入件是一次性的。
12.一种适用于高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)医疗系统的可互换换能器装置，所述装置包括：
具有轴线对齐并具有第一端和第二端的基本刚性和中空的壳体；
位于所述壳体的第一端内的换能器，所述换能器电连接于设置在所述壳体内并与所述壳体形成流体封闭密封的接口；
位于所述壳体的第二端内的绝缘层，所述绝缘层具有用于容纳从接口伸出的多个电连接器的多个孔；
位于所述壳体的外表面上的连接器，所述连接器允许所述壳体可拆卸地配合于超声医疗系统；
其中所述连接器和电连接器在所述壳体和所述超声医疗系统之间以两轴或两个以上的轴对齐的方式(各自)为医疗系统中的接受体提供可释放的机械和电气配合。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述超声医疗系统是高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)医疗系统。
14.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述隔离层是滑环间隔件。
15.如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述滑环间隔件具有适于将电连接器彼此隔绝的多个同心环。
16.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接受体处于潮湿环境。
17.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接口是电路。
18.如权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括用于控制换能器的至少一个电子控制器件。
19.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接口是印刷电路板或印刷电路板组件(PCB或PCBA)。
20.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电连接器是弹性加载的触头引脚。
21.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述换能器具有两个或两个以上的分立的聚焦区。
22.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述换能器具有有缺陷的聚焦域。
23.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置是一次性的。
24.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电连接器设置在距离所述密封件的中心的特定半径处，以匹配医疗系统的插座中的相应一组连接环。
25.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括充满惰性气体的内部。
26.一种滑环间隔件，包括：
由非导电和抗流体的材料形成的底部；
贯通所述底部延伸的多个孔，所述孔可滑动地与多个电连接器配合；
从所述底部延伸出的一个或多个凸缘(脊)，所述凸缘被设置成将所述多个孔分隔成多个单元。
27.如权利要求26所述的间隔件，其特征在于，所述凸缘当压靠于滑环时形成密封空间，所述密封空间基本上密封住流体流动。
28.如权利要求26所述的间隔件，其特征在于，所述凸缘被配置成形成同心环。
29.一种滑环间隔件，包括：
由基本电绝缘和抗流体的材料形成的底部；
从所述底部凸起的多个同心环形脊，所述脊形成中心环以及一个或多个同轴通道；以及
贯通所述底部延伸入所述中心环和至少一个同轴通道的多个孔。
30.如权利要求29所述的间隔件，其特征在于，所述多个同心环形脊具有不同的从所述底部延伸的高度。
31.如权利要求29所述的间隔件，其特征在于，所述多个同心环形脊具有不同的厚度。
32.如权利要求29所述的间隔件，其特征在于，所述多个同心环形脊中的至少一个具有间隙空间以实现两个或两个以上的同轴通道之间的连接。
33.如权利要求29所述的间隔件，其特征在于，所述从底部凸起的脊是可受压的。
34.一种由电绝缘材料制成的可受压滑环间隔件，包括：
网状结构，所述网状结构足够密集以防止流体流过网幅；以及
海绵状结构，所述海绵状结构足够多孔以当所述海绵状结构受压时使流体流过所述海绵状结构；以及
贯通所述海绵状结构延伸的至少一个孔，其中所述网状结构具有分隔每个孔的幅条，以当所述间隔件受压时防止流体在各孔之间流动，但当所述间隔件受压时允许流体流过所述孔。
35.一种在潮湿环境下电气通信的装置，所述装置包括：
具有对接插头的可取下的电气器件，所述对接插头具有从所述设备延伸至医疗系统的一个或多个电触头，所述对接插头具有由电绝缘材料构成的滑环间隔件并具有用于所述电触头以延伸通过所述滑环间隔件的一个或多个孔；
在医疗系统上的接受体，所述接受体适于可取下地接纳所述对接插头，所述接受体具有薄饼滑环以向可取下的电气器件提供电信号；
其中所述电触头匹配所述滑环焊区的径向位置，且所述滑环间隔件匹配于所述滑环以在所述对接插头和所述接受体之间形成基本潮湿密封。
36.一种组装滑环结构的方法，所述方法包括：
将权利要求1所述的滑环间隔件设置在多个电触头附近，其中所述触头延伸通过所述底部的所述孔；
使滑环配合于所述滑环间隔件，从而使所述滑环间隔件与所述滑环匹配以形成潮湿密封的组件；以及
使所述组件暴露于潮湿环境。
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| MX (1) | MX2009010349A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2008118917A2 (zh) |
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- 2008-03-25 BR BRPI0809303-2A2A patent/BRPI0809303A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-03-25 AU AU2008230830A patent/AU2008230830A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-25 KR KR1020097021870A patent/KR20100015724A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-03-25 EP EP08744340.4A patent/EP2131744A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-25 MX MX2009010349A patent/MX2009010349A/es unknown
- 2008-03-25 WO PCT/US2008/058156 patent/WO2008118917A2/en active Application Filing
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2009
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102138809A (zh) * | 2011-02-15 | 2011-08-03 | 福建师范大学 | 前列腺光声扫描成像检测方法与装置 |
| CN104545994A (zh) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-29 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 超声波装置、超声波探头、探测器、电子设备及图像装置 |
| WO2015109818A1 (zh) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 深圳市德迈科技有限公司 | 一种按摩理疗头的制作工艺及器件 |
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| CN108105730A (zh) * | 2017-12-16 | 2018-06-01 | 宁波龙源照明电器有限公司 | 一种灯用镇流器 |
| CN108131649A (zh) * | 2017-12-16 | 2018-06-08 | 宁波龙源照明电器有限公司 | 改进连接结构的灯用镇流器 |
| CN108105730B (zh) * | 2017-12-16 | 2020-09-04 | 新沂市时集建设发展有限公司 | 一种灯用镇流器 |
| CN108131649B (zh) * | 2017-12-16 | 2020-09-08 | 新沂市时集建设发展有限公司 | 改进连接结构的灯用镇流器 |
| CN108105731B (zh) * | 2017-12-16 | 2020-10-20 | 宁波禹瑞科技咨询有限公司 | 电子镇流器安装结构 |
| CN111407313A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-07-14 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | 一种超声换能器和超声成像装置 |
| CN113712631A (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-30 | 南京广慈医疗科技有限公司 | 一种随机分布三维相控阵探头的制备方法 |
| CN113712631B (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-05-03 | 南京广慈医疗科技有限公司 | 一种随机分布三维相控阵探头的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2131744A4 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| US20080243003A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| US8142200B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 |
| CA2681410A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| AU2008230830A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| JP2010522618A (ja) | 2010-07-08 |
| WO2008118917A2 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| MX2009010349A (es) | 2009-12-08 |
| US20080243035A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
| IL200932A0 (en) | 2010-05-17 |
| EP2131744A2 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
| BRPI0809303A2 (pt) | 2014-10-14 |
| WO2008118917A3 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
| KR20100015724A (ko) | 2010-02-12 |
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