CN101641579A - 无源红外检测器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的是提供一种无源红外检测器,其能够可靠地判别闯入者和经过检测器附近的小动物,而不降低对警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)内的闯入者的检测性能。根据本发明,提供了一种检测例如闯入者的运动对象的无源红外检测器,其包括:光学单元,其具有设置在基座前面的PCB(印刷电路板)、安装在其上的以预定间隔垂直布置的多个透镜、和布置在与透镜对应位置处的检测元件;和对检测元件检测到的信号进行处理的控制装置,其特征在于:多个透镜之间的间隔被设置为使得其对于人体的尺寸来说较小而对于小动物的尺寸来说较大,且控制装置适于通过判别检测元件检测到的信号的同时性或通过对所检测到的信号进行求和,来判断运动对象是闯入者还是小动物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无源红外检测器,用于通过利用热电元件检测来自人体的远红外辐射的热改变,来检测作为运动对象的闯入者。
背景技术
通常,无源红外检测器包括由多个镜形成的外壳或容器以及安装在一对侧壁的尖端(tip)上的光学单元,该对侧壁从外壳的端部延伸并包括其上安装有热电元件的PCB(印刷电路板),该无源红外检测器适于通过利用热电元件检测远红外辐射的热改变而对警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)内的闯入者(即人体)进行检测。
在这种无源红外检测器中,提供了如下方法,该方法通过利用布置有多个热电元件的多个元件而在一个光学单元中形成单独系统,或通过利用借助于多个光学单元对警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)进行监控的布置,来改进警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)的分辨能力以防止由于小动物(包括鸟和昆虫)的运动引起的错误信息。这种类型的无源红外检测器是已知的,例如在日本专利特开No.101376/1997中所公开的。
然而,现有技术的无源红外检测器在防止作为检测对象的人走过的位置(通常与无源红外检测器相隔大约2m-30m的位置)处产生错误信息方面的是有效的。因此,难以保持足够的报警区,从而对于防止与接近无源红外检测器运动的小动物有关的错误信息的产生是无效的。尽管已经提出一种利用其间具有宽间隔的多个光学单元的无源红外检测器,但是由于提供宽间隔的目的不同于防止错误信息的产生,从而不能对小动物保持足够的距离,因此很难区分人体(人)和飞到检测器附近的昆虫或鸟或爬到检测器表面上的昆虫。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种无源红外检测器,其能够在不降低对警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)内的闯入者的检测性能的情况下,可靠地判别闯入者和经过检测器附近的小动物。
根据权利要求1的本发明,提供了一种对例如闯入者之类的运动对象进行检测的无源红外检测器,该无源红外检测器包括:光学单元,其具有设置在基座前面的PCB(印刷电路板)、安装在其上的以预定间隔垂直布置的多个透镜、和布置在与所述透镜相对应的位置处的检测元件;以及用于对所述检测元件检测到的信号进行处理的控制装置,其特征在于:所述多个透镜之间的间隔被设置为使得它们对于人体的尺寸来说较小而对于小动物的尺寸来说较大,并且所述控制装置适于通过对所述检测元件检测到的信号的同时性进行判别或通过对所检测到的信号进行求和,来判断运动对象是闯入者还是小动物。
根据权利要求1的本发明,由于多个透镜以预定间隔垂直布置,并且由安装在PCB(印刷电路板)上的检测元件(各检测元件对应于各透镜)所检测到的信号来判断运动对象是闯入者还是小动物,因此能够在不降低对警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)内的闯入者的检测性能的情况下可靠地区分闯入者和经过检测器附近的小动物,从而防止错误信息的产生。
附图说明
下面将参照所附附图描述本发明的优选实施方式。图1-9示出了本发明的无源红外检测器的一个实施方式,其中:
图1是示出了本发明的无源红外检测器的一个实施方式的立体图;
图2是在盖子被去除的情况下图1的无源红外检测器的立体图;
图3是在透镜组件被去除的情况下图2的无源红外检测器的立体图;
图4是示出了其控制部的图1的无源红外检测器的框图;
图5是示出了图1的无源红外检测器的操作的一个例子的流程图;
图6(a)-6(d)是示出了图1的无源红外检测器的操作的示例性图;
图7是示出了图1的无源红外检测器的布置情况的示例性图;
图8(a)和8(b)是示出了图1的无源红外检测器的操作的示例性图;以及
图9是示出了本发明的无源红外检测器的其他操作的流程图;
图10是另一实施方式的无源红外检测器的框图,示出了其控制部分;
图11是示出了图10的无源红外检测器的操作的一个例子的流程图;以及
图12(a)-12(d)是示出了图10的无源红外检测器的操作的示例性图。
标号说明
1无源红外检测器
2基座
3盖子
3a可透射远红外辐射的窗口
4光学单元
5PCB(印刷电路板)
6外壳
6a开口
7透镜组件
7a透镜
8轴
9a,9b检测元件
10控制部
11a,11b放大部
12判别部
13输出部
14墙
15求和运算部
W,W1警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)
Wa,Wb报警区域
M闯入者
T小动物
P1,P2峰值
U1,U2上升时间点
S求和后的信号
具体实施方式
如图1-3所示,无源红外检测器1通常包括矩形基座2和可拆卸地安装在基座2的前侧上的盖子3,该矩形基座2在正视图中具有较长的垂直边并且适于安装在例如墙的安装表面上,该盖子3具有能够透射远红外辐射的窗口和位于盖子3内的光学单元4。
如图2所示,光学单元4具有外壳6,该外壳6具有一对位于垂直间隔开位置处的开口6a,设置在包括多个透镜7a的该对开口6a(或包括多个镜的一对镜组件)内的一对垂直间隔开的透镜组件7,以及布置在透镜组件7内的PCB(印刷电路板)5(图3)。将垂直布置的透镜组件7之间的间隔设置为使得它对于人体M(闯入者)的尺寸而言较小而对于小动物T的尺寸而言较大。透镜组件7按照可绕轴8回转并可调节的方式安装在外壳6上,使得它们以相同的回转角定向。如图3所示,PCB(印刷电路板)5包括在正视图中具有较长垂直边的矩形印刷电路板且其上安装有检测元件9a、9b,该检测元件9a、9b包括热电元件,各热电元件布置在与各透镜组件7的中心位置大致对应的位置处。此外,控制部(控制装置)10形成在PCB(印刷电路板)5上(或单独布置在印刷电路板上)。
如图4所示,控制部10包括连接到检测元件9a、9b并用于对检测元件9a、9b检测的信号进行放大的放大部11a、11b,包括用于对来自放大部11a、11b的信号(信号1和信号2)进行处理的微计算机的判别部12,以及用于输出判别部12的判别结果的输出部13。控制部10可以如图5的流程图所示地根据存储在存储部(未示出)中的程序而工作。
无源红外检测器1安装在例如房间中的墙14上以在预定高度处发出警告,如图7和8所示。包括多个水平报警区域Wa的警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W由具有如图7所示平面图中的扇形结构的该对垂直布置的检测元件9a、9b形成,并且垂直报警区域Wb如图8(a)和8(b)所示地形成。将检测元件9a、9b的报警区域Wb设置成使得它们在平面图中的扇形结构的警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W1中不重叠,然而它们在远离警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W1的区域W2中大致重叠。
即,布置成光学单元4的透镜组件7相对于参照物以相同角度定向,以及各个报警区域Wb在充分远离无源红外检测器1的位置处重叠。无源红外检测器1被布置成通过使光学单元4围绕轴8回转从而各透镜组件7能够以相同角度定向。
在这种设置条件下,在程序启动(S100)之后,如图5所示,判断由检测元件9a检测到的信号1是否超过了在判别部12中设置的阈值(S101),重复该判断步骤S101直到信号1超过该阈值(即变成“是”)。当信号1在判断步骤S101处变为“是”时,判断由检测元件9b检测到的信号2是否超过了在判别部12中设置的阈值(S102),也重复该判断步骤S102直到信号2超过该阈值(即变成“是”)。在判断步骤S102变为“是”时的时间点处,检测信号1、2的峰值(S103)。
当在步骤S103处检测到峰值时,判断信号1、2的峰值是否同时发生(S104)。当步骤S104为“是”时,判定存在闯入者并且输出警报(S105),从而该程序中的一系列步骤结束(S106)。即,在图5的流程图中,当信号1、2的峰值P1、P2(图6(a))同时发生时,即当检测元件9a、9b都检测到位于所述区域W内的运动对象(图8(a))时,将检测到的运动对象(检测对象)判断为闯入者M(人体)。
另一方面,如图6(b)和6(c)所示,当仅检测到一个信号(信号1或2)时,即当检测到位于所述区域W1内的小动物(包括昆虫或鸟)T且峰值P1、P2不相同时,如图8(b)所示,将检测到的运动对象判断为小动物T。此外,当峰值P1、P2彼此指向相反方向并且不相同时(图6(d)),也将运动对象判断为小动物T。因此,基本上能够改进位于靠近无源红外检测器1的区域W1内的闯入者M和小动物T的检测准确度。
在图5的流程图中所示的程序中,通过对信号1、2的峰值P1、P2是否同时发生进行判别来实现对运动对象是闯入者M还是小动物T的判断。然而,如图9的流程图中所示,还可以对信号1、2的上升时间点(或下降时间点)的同时性进行判别。即,在程序启动(S100)后,当信号1、2都超过阈值时(S101,S102),对信号1、2的上升时间点U1、U2进行检测(S107)以判别上升时间点U1、U2是否为同时发生(S108)。
当在步骤S108处判别为“是”时,输出警报(S105)并结束程序(S106)。同样在该情况下,当信号1、2的上升时间点U1、U2相同时,将运动对象判断为闯入者M,另一方面,如图6(b)-6(d)所示,当信号1、2的上升时间点U1、U2不相同时,将运动对象判断为例如昆虫或鸟的小动物。
如上所述,根据本发明的该优选实施方式的无源红外检测器1,由于检测元件9a、9b安装在PCB(印刷电路板)5上,使得它们对应于光学单元4的该对垂直透镜组件,并且由控制部10对检测元件9a、9b检测到的信号进行处理以判别运动对象是闯入者M还是小动物T,因此通过在预定方向以及预定位置处布置该对透镜组件7,能够在不降低对警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W内的闯入者M进行检测的性能的情况下,检测在警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W1内靠近光学单元4运动的小动物T。
具体地说,由于控制部10被形成为使得它对该对检测元件9a、9b检测到的信号的峰值P1、P2或上升时间点U1、U2进行检测,以检测这两个信号是否同时产生,因此能够在通过简化对这两个信号的处理以避免控制部10的结构复杂的情况下改进运动对象的判别准确度。其结果是,能够在例如飞近无源红外检测器1或在其盖子3上爬行的昆虫之类的小动物T与闯入者M之间进行确定的判别,并防止无源红外检测器1产生错误信息。
同样在优选实施方式的光学单元4中,由于包括多个相同透镜7a的该对透镜组件7被布置成使得它们相对于各个检测元件9a、9b具有相同的位置关系,并且该对垂直透镜组件7之间的空间被设置成对于警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)中的人体(闯入者M)而言较为小且对于小动物T而言较大,因此能够进一步改进对接近无源红外检测器1的运动对象的判别准确度。此外,由于多个垂直布置的透镜7a被用作光学单元4的透镜组件7,因此能够可靠地检测警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W内的红外线,从而优选地使用本发明的检测器作为检测闯入者的无源红外检测器。
图10是本发明另一实施方式的无源红外检测器的控制部的框图,图11是示出了图10的无源红外检测器的操作的一个例子的流程图,以及图12(a)-12(d)是示出了图10的无源红外检测器的操作的示例性图。在本实施方式中使用与之前实施方式中使用的附图标记相同的附图标记。本实施方式特有的特征在于通过对检测元件9a、9b检测到的信号1、2进行求和来判别运动对象是闯入者M还是小动物T。因此,控制部(控制装置)10包括放大部11a、11b,对放大部11a、11b放大后的信号1、2进行求和的求和运算部15,用于对求和运算部15求和后的信号S进行判别的判别部12,以及输出部13。
如图11所示,在程序启动(S200)后,判断求和后的信号S是否超过了之前在判别部12中设置的阈值(S201),并重复该判断步骤S201直到信号S超过该阈值(即变成“是”)。当变成“是”时,输出警报(S202)并结束程序(S203)。根据本实施方式,如图12(a)所示,当信号1、2的求和后的信号S超过上阈值或下阈值时,将运动对象判别为闯入者M,另一方面,如图12(b)-12(d)所示,当求和后的信号S不超过上阈值或下阈值时,将运动对象判别为小动物T。因此,也可以得到与之前实施方式相同的效果。
已经参照优选实施方式描述了本发明。显然,在阅读并理解了之前的详细描述以后,本领域普通技术人员可以想到修改和变型。例如,透镜7a本身的结构、方位等可以根据警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W的结构适当地修改,以及可以使用多于2个的检测元件。此外,通过使各检测元件9a、9b具有多元件或通过利用多个光学单元来使警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W的报警区域Wa、Wb报警,也能够与离无源红外检测器的距离无关地进一步改进警戒覆盖区域(报警对象区域)W内的检测准确度。
工业适用性
本发明不仅可以应用于经由基座安装在房间中的墙表面上的无源红外检测器,而且可以应用于安装无论是在房间内部还是房间外部的顶壁表面或天花板上的各种无源红外检测器。
Claims (1)
1.一种对例如闯入者之类的运动对象进行检测的无源红外检测器,该无源红外检测器包括:光学单元(4),其具有设置在基座(2)前面的PCB(印刷电路板)(5)、安装在其上的以预定间隔垂直布置的多个透镜(7a)、和布置在与所述透镜(7a)相对应的位置处的检测元件(9a,9b);以及用于对所述检测元件(9a、9b)检测到的信号进行处理的控制装置(10),其特征在于:
所述多个透镜(7a)之间的间隔被设置为使得它们对于人体(M)的尺寸来说较小而对于小动物(T)的尺寸来说较大,并且所述控制装置(10)适于通过对所述检测元件(9a、9b)检测到的信号的同时性进行判别或通过对所检测到的信号进行求和,来判断运动对象是闯入者还是小动物。
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ZA200905757B (en) | 2010-04-28 |
AU2008215714A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
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US20100019903A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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