CN101626696B - 包含糖寡聚物的营养产品 - Google Patents
包含糖寡聚物的营养产品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101626696B CN101626696B CN200780045179.0A CN200780045179A CN101626696B CN 101626696 B CN101626696 B CN 101626696B CN 200780045179 A CN200780045179 A CN 200780045179A CN 101626696 B CN101626696 B CN 101626696B
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- oligosaccharides
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- glucose
- digestible carbohydrate
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Abstract
分子量为450Da-3700Da的不消化寡糖,其用于改善胰岛素抗性,预防餐后血糖下沉,和/或降低餐后葡萄糖反应,其中在服用所述产品之后72小时之内用餐。所述寡糖具体是半乳寡聚糖,并有利地在用餐之前几小时给予。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含寡糖的营养组合物及其临床应用。具体地,这些寡糖改善机体对胰岛素的敏感性并由此支持胰岛素的作用。
发明背景
胰岛素是通过哺乳动物胰腺中Langerhans岛的beta细胞合成的蛋白质。生物合成率和翻译后修饰受到许多因素的影响,其中包括激素诸如生长激素和类固醇循环水平以及进食状态。胰岛素通过某些激发作用例如血液中葡萄糖以及某些氨基酸的浓度可在血液中释放。
胰岛素在体内对能量代谢有较强的影响。具体地,胰岛素在葡萄糖代谢中起重要调节作用,例如其活化一些葡萄糖转运子,刺激脂质生成和减少脂质分解,并促进氨基酸转运进入细胞。能量代谢也依赖多个其他因素,诸如胰高血糖素或应激激素在血液中的水平。胰高血糖素的浓度有赖于进食状态。
许多对象患有一或多种健康问题,通过影响对象利用胰岛素的方式或通过给予胰岛素本身或模拟胰岛素作用的化合物,所述的问题可被解决、缓解或预防。前一种方法主要用于胰岛素抗性个体,诸如II型糖尿病患者,患有代谢综合征的人,患严重疾病的人或经历严重创伤诸如手术或烧伤的人,而患有严重胰腺损伤的人例如患有I型糖尿病、严重胰腺炎或内分泌功能障碍的人或经常营养不良的人通常可从给予胰岛素或其类似物中受益。
由于对胰岛素起适当作用很有兴趣,已经进行许多尝试来影响或改善胰岛素的作用。给药胰岛素经常使用但是通常是经胃肠外给予,对于患者来说负担较重。另外,有效期相对较短,使得每天必须给予多次。
增加哺乳动物细胞对胰岛素的敏感性是通常的目标,但难以实现。活性成分诸如双胍类药物据称可实现此目的。
背景技术
WO2006/009437(N.V.Nutricia,23January2006)公开了一种营养品,其改善对胰岛素的敏感性或降低胰岛素抗性,并含有天冬氨酸等效物。所述产品可选包括纤维素,优选小麦麸或低甲氧基化果胶。但是,没有纤维素效果的描述。
Weickert等在DiabetesCare2006,29(4),775中公开了每天在标准饮食之前摄入燕麦纤维、连续3天可改善超重肥胖妇女的整个机体对胰岛素的敏感性。燕麦纤维不包含寡糖。所述产品在男性或具有明显胰岛素抗性的人中诸如患有II型糖尿病的人中没有效果。
EP1588629A1(N.V.Nutricia,26Oc-ber2005)公开了基质形成组合物,包含低甲氧基化果胶和寡糖,更具体的是葡寡聚糖(存在于中),后者促进钙在整个下段胃肠道中的生物利用度。显示葡萄糖水平、胰岛素水平和胰岛素峰值均降低。寡糖对胰岛素敏感性本身的影响没有公开。
Boucheretal.J.Physiol.Biochem.59(3),169-174(2003)以及WO2004/024167A2(InstitutNationaldelaRechercheAgronomique,25March2004)(两篇文献作者相同),公开了长期利用合成膳食纤维样alpha葡寡聚糖(称为GOS,以免与半乳寡聚糖混淆)来改善小鼠中的胰岛素抗性,其中对小鼠喂以20周含45%脂质的饮食。其对本发明所述的短期胰岛素敏感性效果没有涉及。没有检测半乳寡聚糖。
EP1060673A1(NestléSA,20December2000)描述了选择性增加哺乳动物胃肠道中丙酸盐/酯产生的方法,其通过经肠道给予包含葡聚糖的营养组合物以增加胰岛素敏感性来进行。寡糖具体是半乳寡聚糖的影响没有公开。
这些文献中都没有提示单一或少数几个剂量的寡糖具体是半乳寡聚糖,可使得胰岛素敏感性增加。
发明内容
本发明允许制备营养品,其具有高度临床相关性,容易制备并便于患者或使用者服用并且非常可口。
所述产品无需包含除了本发明中公开的成分以外特定的碳水化合物部分或蛋白质部分。由于多种成分的可选缺失,所述产品不影响正常进食。
此外,包含本发明的寡糖的产品具有比其对于葡萄糖血浆浓度的影响(降低)持续时间更长的作用,具体是在服用后头两个小时之内。甚至可以升高几个小时之后以及第二天的胰岛素敏感性。
本发明的产品也可防止低血糖的出现,即血浆葡萄糖浓度低于4mM的期间,并且所述产品影响摄入不同营养品导致的餐后葡萄糖反应,其中在服用本发明的产品之后摄入这些营养品。
发明详述
发现寡糖可用于制备这样的营养或药物组合物,其可有效预防血糖下沉(glycaemicdip)和/或增加胰岛素敏感性和/或降低如在随后摄入营养品之后观察到的餐后葡萄糖反应(简称PPGR)。
第一个实施方案中,本发明涉及分子量为450Da-3700Da的不消化寡糖在制备用于改善胰岛素抗性、预防餐后血糖下沉和/或降低餐后葡萄糖反应的营养或药物产品中的用途,其中在摄入所述产品后的72小时之内用餐。
本发明中″Da″是道尔顿的简称。其是质量的非SI单位,等于统一化的原子量单位(原子量常数,uamu)并且约等于1.66054×10-27kg。
本发明中,用餐指摄入任何食物,产生葡萄糖反应。包括完全食品和保健食品,药用食品,零食,饮料等,具体用于儿童、青少年和老年,包括男性和女性。
术语“血糖下沉(dip)”指血浆葡萄糖水平在餐后降低到低于进餐之前的水平。所述下沉可在餐后一到几个小时之间出现,具体是2个小时之后。通常,血糖水平在例如半小时到大约5小时之后再次升高。这样的血糖下沉可出现在患有糖尿病的患者中,即患有胰岛素控制障碍的人,以及不患有所述糖尿病的人中。在非糖尿病人群中,血糖下沉可导致渴望进食的行为以及频繁进食的事件(“贪食”)或导致疲劳和虚弱感。在糖尿病患者中,血糖下沉可导致下文所述的更加严重的效应,通常称为低血糖。本发明涉及两种形式的血糖下沉。
血糖下沉效应,包括低血糖,可通过确定摄入或给予营养品之后的血浆葡萄糖浓度(PG)或确定在摄入本发明的产品之后至少30分钟到72小时摄入的第二种、第三中或其他连续营养品之后的PG来测定。
低血糖期定义为当在摄入本发明的产品之后的5小时内或在给予本发明的产品之后的72小时之内再进餐之后的5小时内,其中血浆葡萄糖浓度降低到低于4mM的时期。
出现低血糖期的可能性的指示期是对禁食对象集中给予具有预先确定的量的碳水化合物的产品之后,血浆葡萄糖浓度低于基线值的时期。如果PG相对于时间作图,PG通常在30-90分钟之后达到峰值并随后开始快速降低达到基线值(给药时的PG),这将在2-3小时之后出现。通常,健康进食个体的代谢反应将防止PG过低。但是糖尿病和胰岛素抗性个体难以保持葡萄糖稳态。
低血糖期导致进食渴望以及随后的进食事件,或当在适当时间没有摄取食物时,导致疲劳和虚弱感,眩晕甚至昏厥或在极度条件之下甚至出现昏迷或死亡。低血糖导致的问题在夜间并且对于婴儿尤其严重,尤其是对其病理还没有适当经验的那些婴儿。
所述产品对降低胰岛素抗性(或增加胰岛素敏感性)的影响可通过本领域已知的参照胰岛素钳夹技术以及评估Matsua指数确定,后者更容易应用。后一种情况中,所述产品给予个体并随后测定血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度。胰岛素与葡萄糖的比值是机体对所释放的胰岛素的量的敏感素的指标。
胰岛素敏感性的所述改善持续时间较长。将持续至少3天。例如,本发明的营养或药物产品的效应通过确定在首先摄入本发明的产品之后72小时之内再一次或多次用餐之后的餐后葡萄糖反应显而易见。
因此,本发明所述的寡糖出人意料地可降低餐后高葡萄糖水平(高血糖)以及降低或预防血糖下沉(低血糖),其中血糖下沉可在高血糖时间之后出现或独立出现。所述寡糖在餐前72小时、具体是餐前48小时、具体是餐前24小时、具体是餐前12小时、具体是餐前5小时、具体是餐前30分钟-5小时、具体是餐前1-5小时、具体是餐前2-5小时、具体是餐前3-5小时服用的时候给予显示所述的功能。
发现寡糖的这种性质单独即可使得使用者获得存在食物中的其他组分以及活性成分的最有利于健康的性质并允许制备新的产物,其能更好地满足胰岛素抗性和糖尿病个体的需要。
所述产品包括这样的物质,每份提供低于250kcal(1050kJ),优选20-200kcal(84-840kJ),更优选50-180kcal(210-756kJ)。每份产品优选适合使用并包括具有固体、半固体或液体形式的产品。固体产品的实例是食物棒、蛋糕或糖。半固体产品的实例是零食、布丁或粥。液体的实例是体积等于或低于200ml的饮料。这些食物单位提供的能量密度优选等于或低于1.25kcal/ml(5.25kJ/ml),优选0.1-1kcal/ml(0.42-4.2kJ/ml),更优选0.25-1kcal/ml(1.05-4.2kJ/ml),更优选0.25-0.9kcal/ml(1.05-3.78kJ/ml),具体是0.3-0.9kcal/ml(1.26-3.78kJ/ml)。然而,较小的体积可具有较高的能量密度,诸如等于或低于2.50kcal/ml(对于每份100ml),以及等于或低于5.0kcal/ml(对于每份50ml)。
本发明的产品包括不消化寡糖(OS)。所述OS定义为包含超过93重量百分比(wt%)的糖部分的分子,溶解于中性pH的纯水中获得的形式(聚合度3-20)中分子量为450Da-3700Da。优选,OS的摩尔重量为450Da-3300Da,更优选450Da-1700Da,或达1000Da。
存在高摩尔重量的不消化糖无害。但优选大多数分子量的摩尔重量是不消化OS的摩尔重量。例如,优选少于50%的摩尔重量的分子量超过3700Da,尤其是少于50%超过3300Da。存在摩尔重量低于450的分子(主要是二糖)的合意性有赖于OS的性质以及患者的具体需要。在半乳寡聚糖的情况中,低MW分子(二糖)可包括半乳糖基半乳糖和乳糖。前者据信具有与高MW分子相同的功能,而存在可消化糖通常有利,但除外乳糖抗性患者。对于另一实例果胶水解产物,大部分二糖是不消化糖并包含半乳糖醛酸单元,是可接受的甚至有利的。
寡糖分子可为线性或分支的并可具有通过alpha-1,2,alpha-1,3,alpha-1,6和beta-1,1,beta-1,2,beta-1,3,beta-1,4beta-1,6或其混合物互相连接的糖,但不能被存在人消化道中的淀粉酶或上皮细胞刷状缘中的糖酶降解,并且由此不能消化,也不是可用于吸收进入血浆中的消化产物。
优选,本发明的寡糖分子包含超过50wt%,更优选超过60wt%,尤其是超过70wt%的选自下组的单元:半乳糖单元、木糖单元,阿拉伯糖单元以及其混合物。可选,寡糖分子中至少10wt%其余的糖单元可以是不同的,并且可选自下组:葡萄糖单元,鼠李糖单元,海藻糖单元及其混合物。部分或所有糖单元可被衍生化,例如衍生为糖醛酸和/或有机酸酯。
然而,产生最佳效力的情况是利用包含超过60wt%的半乳糖单元,更优选70-100wt%的半乳糖单元,更优选73-90wt%的半乳糖单元的OS。其余的糖单元中优选包含超过10wt%的葡萄糖单元。
优选,OS中的半乳糖单元超过70%通过beta键互相附着。所述半乳寡聚糖可通过将半乳糖加入客(guest)分子,通过加入本领域已知的适当的酶制备。适宜的半乳寡聚糖可通过β-半乳糖苷酶对乳糖进行转半乳糖基化作用获得。其他适宜的寡糖实例包括水解的阿拉伯半乳聚糖,水解的阿拉伯聚糖和水解的阿拉伯木聚糖,参见例如WO02/051264。
所述寡糖可为非消化部分或营养纤维部分的一部分。所述非消化部分或纤维部分的总量通过应用本领域已知的用于特定物质的方法来确定,例如利用AOAC法确定“总饮食纤维”,以及McCleary法确定抗性淀粉量以及测定OS量,或利用多元醇化合物色谱法并适当的加合这些量,或者可选地,通过判断作为营养纤维的生物组分的标记来进行。
OS的重量应占所述产物中非消化部分(即纤维)重量的至少20wt%,至少30wt%,优选36wt%-100wt%,具体至少44wt%,最优选等于或超过50wt%。
优选,OS是半乳寡聚糖,其占产品中非消化部分总重量的超过36wt%,优选超过44wt%,更优选超过51wt%,更优选超过70wt%,最优选超过90wt%以获得对胰岛素抗性患者中的胰岛素抗性,连续进餐的PPGR以及降低发病率或降低低血糖的程度的最大效果。
产品中的纤维部分可包含可选纤维,诸如聚合度为3-20的其他OS,包括阿拉伯寡糖,木寡糖,糖醛酸寡聚物,抗性糊精,抗性淀粉,树胶和不溶纤维。优选包括发酵模式和分子结构不同的纤维,用于实现额外的益处,诸如支持胃肠功能和行为,支持免疫功能,降低对过敏原的敏感性或改善消化过程。
尽管包括抗性淀粉可以非常有利,发现在液体产品中限定其中抗性淀粉的量到低于纤维部分的64wt%,优选低于50wt%,更优选低于30wt%可改善可口性。
如果包括糖醛酸寡聚物,可改善免疫系统。最好通过利用仅仅有一小部分通过烷化作用保护的糖醛酸来实现。如果利用果胶作为糖醛酸来源,具体是非甲氧基化的或低甲氧基化的果胶(例如低于25%,具体是低于10%)应被优选作为所述来源。利用糖醛酸寡聚物替代果胶防止包装和消化道(例如在钙盐溶解时在胃中)中液体产品的固化,以及不干扰胃中的消化过程,甚至当所述产品包括可溶或不溶钙时也如此,由此防止需要食物的糖尿病患者中低血糖的出现,具体地当他们已经自己使用了胰岛素的情况下。所述低甲氧基化的果胶是本领域已知的。所述产品优选包括聚合度为2-20的OS形式的糖醛酸来源。
果胶(例如多糖,DP>20)的使用,具体是低甲氧基化果胶的使用最好应避免,因为它们容易在胃中形成固体物质,导致胃肌轻瘫,这在糖尿病患者中是不利的,原因如上所述。通常,应避免利用基质形成纤维,以免在胃中形成基质并例如导致厌腻感。
因此本发明涉及分子量为450Da-3700Da的不消化寡糖在制备用于改善胰岛素抗性、预防餐后血糖下沉和/或降低餐后葡萄糖反应的营养或药物产品中的用途,其中服用所述营养或药物产品后的72小时之内用餐,所述产品中不存在基质形成纤维,具体是不存在(非水解)果胶,更具体不存在低甲氧基化果胶。“不存在”含义是这些果胶在胃中基本上没有或仅仅有较少,果胶可导致基质形成,胃肌轻瘫和/或低血糖。
应当摄取以便有效的营养纤维的量是至少3g每份,优选4-40g每份,更优选5-20g每份。本发明不消化OS可以1-30g每份,优选2-20g每份,最优选3-12g每份的量给予。
优选,所述的每份最多提供250kcal(1050kJ),由此导致至少2g/100kcal(0.29g/100kJ),优选1.7g/100kcal-419g/100kcal(0.4g/100kJ-100g/100kJ),更优选2.1g/100kcal-335g/100kcal(0.48g/100kJ-80g/100kJ),最优选2.0g/100kcal-251g/100kcal(0.6g/100kJ-60g/100kJ)的营养纤维的量。
所述营养纤维中不消化寡糖的量优选至少0.24g/100kcal(0.06g/100kJ),更优选至少0.36g/100kcal(0.09g/100kJ),更优选至少0.60g/100kcal(0.14g/100kJ),具体至少1.18g/100kcal(0.28g/100kJ),达80g/100kcal(19g/100kJ,优选达25gper100kcal(6g/100kJ).更优选达16.8g/100kcal(4g/100kJ)。优选的范围是0.36g/100kcal-80g/100kcal(0.09g/100kJ-19g/100kJ),最优选0.60g/100kcal-25g/100kcal(0.14g/100kJ-6g/100kJ)。
所述产物的能量提供组分可为可消化碳水化合物,蛋白质和脂质。优选所述产物包含至少可消化碳水化合物和/或蛋白质。因此,本申请中,能量基于可消化碳水化合物以及存在的蛋白质和脂质部分提供的能量来计算。
纤维素的量通常为可消化碳水化合物部分重量的至少15wt%,优选20-400wt%,更优选30-200wt%。上述不消化寡糖的量为可消化碳水化合物的优选至少8wt%,优选15-150wt%,最优选25-125wt%。
因此,本发明含有100kcal(418kJ)的组合物包含:
■0-13g,优选1-11g,更优选1-10g,最优选3-9g可消化碳水化合物;
■0-22.5g,优选2-20g,最优选4-17.5g蛋白质,其中蛋白质和可消化碳水化合物的总量至少15g;和
■0-5g,优选0.1-4g脂质。
然而在特定情况中,能量含量可完全由可消化碳水化合物或蛋白质提供。此外,100kcal的组合物含有寡糖,优选2.5-25g。单位剂量可为100kcal,也可更低或更高,例如50kcal,75kcal,125kcal,150kcal或200kcal亦可。单位剂量作为每份的量时,优选不超过250kcal每份。
本发明的寡糖可有利地包括在含有可消化碳水化合物部分的食品中。尽管食用快速利用型碳水化合物可疑导致肥胖,但是本发明产品中快速利用型碳水化合物的量优选超过所述产品中可消化碳水化合物的45wt%。
所述快速利用且容易消化的碳水化合物是葡萄糖或其前体诸如选自葡萄糖浆,麦芽糊精和容易消化的淀粉的组的葡萄糖聚合物,以及蔗糖和乳糖以及半乳糖。优选,乳糖占可消化碳水化合物部分的至少2wt%,优选4-80wt%,最优选8-65wt%。
此外,也可有利地包括缓慢利用型碳水化合物,诸如巴拉金糖(异麦芽酮糖),作为低血糖碳水化合物,其不仅导致低血糖反应还导致延长葡萄糖供应。优选,巴拉金糖占可消化碳水化合物部分的至少2wt%,优选4-80wt%,最优选8-65wt%。
优选,可消化碳水化合物总量低于50能量百分比(En%,kJ每100kJ),优选低于44%,更优选4-40En%,最优选12-36En%。对产品能量含量的贡献是本领域已知的,根据标记实践的规定,对于可消化碳水化合物,脂质和蛋白质利用Atwater常数并且纤维或其他食物成分没有能量贡献。
本发明的寡糖有利地包含在含有蛋白质部分的食品中。适宜的蛋白质是通常为用于食品中的蛋白质。优选实施方案中,相对于所述产品中蛋白质、可消化碳水化合物和脂质提供的能量含量而言,所述蛋白质部分代表0-90En%,更优选20-80En%,最优选40-70En%。
其他可包括在内的食物成分诸如脂质和微量组分的性质和浓度可由本领域技术人员基于使用者的具体需要和意图选择。如果存在脂质成分,其代表所述产品的1-40En%,优选10-30En%,具体是低于24En%。
1.一个实施方案中,本发明涉及这样的营养组合物,其包含纤维部分和可消化碳水化合物部分,以及蛋白质和/或脂质部分,其中所述纤维部分包含超过36wt%的寡糖,所述寡糖分子量为450Da-3700Da的寡糖并包含超过60wt%的半乳糖单元,其中所述寡糖以0.24g-16.8g/100kcal由可消化碳水化合物以及存在的蛋白质和脂质部分提供的能量(0.06g-4g/100kJ由可消化碳水化合
此外,本发明的OS也可有利的包含在药物产品中,所述药物产品包含一或多种活性组分。由此支持活性组分的效果,保证了需要较少的活性组分,从而减少副作用。此外,本发明的OS提供很好的载体或赋形剂,从而稳定活性成分。
具体地,可制备这样的粉末,其包含本发明的OS和可有效治疗糖尿病的活性成分,诸如胰岛素,DPP-IV抑制剂,噻唑烷二酮或PPAR-gamma激动剂,磺酰脲化合物,格列奈类以及双胍类,他汀类以及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。适宜的双胍类化合物的实例是美福明,噻唑烷二酮化合物的实例是吡格列酮,曲格列酮和罗格列酮;格列奈化合物的实例是repaglimide和nateglimide,磺酰脲化合物的实例是甲苯磺丁脲(tolbutamide),妥拉磺脲(tolazamide),格列吡嗪(glipizide),格列齐特(gliclazide),glimepizide,优降糖(glibenclamide)和glybuzide,DPP-IV抑制剂的实例是saxaglyptin,sitaglyptin和vildagliptin。适宜的他汀类化合物的实例是阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin),西立伐他汀(cerivastatin),氟伐他汀(fluvastatin),洛伐他汀(lovastatin),美伐他汀(mevastatin),匹伐他汀(pitavastatin),普伐他汀(pravastatin),瑞舒伐他汀(rosuvastatin)和斯伐他汀(simvastatin)。适宜的胆碱酯酶抑制剂的实例是可逆型抑制剂。包括氨基甲酸盐/酯衍生物,诸如毒扁豆碱(physostigmine),新斯的明(neostigmine),吡啶斯的明(pyridostigmine),利斯的明(rivastigmine),阿伯农(ambenonium)和demarcarium,phenanthrene衍生物如galantamide,哌啶如多奈哌齐(donepezil)以及一些有机磷酸盐化合物例如美曲膦酯(metrifonate)。优选,所述活性成分选自胰岛素,双胍类,他汀类以及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂组成的组。
所述活性成分可以比作为单独的活性组分给药时低的浓度包含在配制剂中并仍产生有益效果。具体地,所述剂量减少通常超过40%并且仍提供同样的有益效果。如本领域已知,这将减少副作用,包括长期使用效力降低。常规剂量根据活性成分不同,但所述剂量的范围通常为0.01-20mg每份,胰岛素除外。
所述粉末可适宜地溶于液体中,但蛋白质、脂质和可消化碳水化合物水平较低,使得给予的溶液的能量低于19kcal/100ml(80kJ/100ml)。因此,本发明涉及这样的干配制剂或溶液。具体地,干配制剂包含纤维部分和可消化碳水化合物部分,以及蛋白质和/或脂质部分,其中纤维部分包含超过36wt%的分子量为450Da-3700Da并包含超过60wt%半乳糖单元的寡糖,其中包含的寡糖的量为0.24g-16.8g/100kcal由可消化碳水化合物以及存在的蛋白质和脂质部分提供的能量(0.06g/100kJ-40g/100kJ),可消化碳水化合物的量低于每100kJ(50En%)。
OS或含有其的产品,可在常规进餐之前以上文所述的剂量水平给予。OS可在每餐之前30分钟到5小时之间,优选1小时到3小时之间给予。OS可每天给予一次到几次,优选至少在主餐之前。令人吃惊的是,发现OS也具有长期效应,达每餐之前48小时,甚至72小时。因此OS可一次性给予,用作对低血糖的间隔性预防介入,或每2或3天给予一次。本发明还涉及这样的实施方案,其中OS在餐前分开给予或作为整餐的一部分。因此,如果OS作为整餐的一部分给予,本发明还涉及在72小时之内重复连续给予相同的整餐。
实施例
实施例1.适宜用作夜间食物来降低糖尿病儿童中的血糖下沉的营养棒
大约25g的婴儿食物棒由以下物质制备:
·约8.5g蛋白质(乳蛋白和大豆蛋白)(34kcal)
·约4g切好的葡萄干/杏干混合物,提供约2.0g可消化碳水化合物(8kcal)
·约4g葡萄糖浆(16kcal)
·约1g脂质,包含约50mg二十二碳六烯酸(9kcal)
·约4g半乳寡聚糖(该成分提供约1.5g乳糖)(6kcal乳糖)
·约1g维生素/矿物质混合物,提供至少生物素,维生素B6,维生素B12和锌
利用湿度/水在食物棒中进行物质平衡。
实施例2.适宜用作餐前食品的产品
零食,其中每1000kg包括:
·约300kg混合蛋白质源(乳蛋白和肉粉),包括约87wt%蛋白质,约8wt%脂质,和约3wt%碳水化合物,其余的是灰分
■约100kg干豆粉(提供约20wt%蛋白质,约80wt%可消化碳水化合物)
■约80kg半乳寡聚糖,包括约10kg乳糖
■约10kg低甲氧基化果胶水解产物
■约50kg脂质(包括卵磷脂)
■约80kg糊精
■约30kg增稠剂
■约50kg盐,香草(herb)和调味剂
■约1kg维生素/矿物质混合物
■约1kg抗氧化剂和着色剂
补充水到1000kg.
溶解干物质之后,制备浆状物,包装成10-500g的适宜的单位体积。
实施例3.适合用作糖尿病患者呷饮品(sipfeed)的产品
能量:87kcal/100ml(360kJ/100ml)
所述产品每100ml包括:
■蛋白质约6g(乳蛋白和大豆蛋白质)(24kcal)
■脂质约3g(20鱼油/40菜籽油/20玉米油/20MCT)(27kcal)
■可消化碳水化合物约9g(约15wt%乳糖/约85wt%葡萄糖寡聚物)(36kcal)
■纤维2g(约60wt%半乳寡聚糖,阿拉伯寡聚糖或木糖寡聚糖,约40wt%抗性淀粉)
■微量组分(矿物质,维生素,痕量元素,调味剂,着色剂等)
实施例4.第二种更富营养的产品适合作为糖尿病患者的呷饮品
能量:100kcal/100ml(420kJ/100ml)
所述产品每100ml包含:
■蛋白约4.9g(alpha-乳清白蛋白富集型乳清蛋白和大豆蛋白)(20kcal)
■脂质约3.8g(菜籽油,葵花籽油和鱼油混合物)(34kcal)
■可消化碳水化合物约11.7g(约30wt%乳糖/约38wt%巴拉金糖/约27wt%净树胶(cleargum)/约5%s葡萄糖,等)(46kcal)
■纤维约2g(约50wt%半乳寡聚糖,纤维素、抗性糊精和抗性淀粉的混合物)
■微量组分(矿物质,维生素,痕量元素,调味剂,着色剂等)
实施例5.第三种更富营养的产品适合作为糖尿病患者的呷饮品
能量:100kcal/100ml(420kJ/100ml)
所述产品每100ml包含:
■蛋白约4.9g(alpha-乳清白蛋白富集型乳清蛋白和大豆蛋白)(20kcal)
■脂质约3.8g(菜籽油,葵花籽油和鱼油混合物)(34kcal)
■可消化碳水化合物约11.6g(约13wt%乳糖/约87wt%巴拉金糖,净树胶和葡萄糖的混合物)(46kcal)
■纤维约2g(约50wt%半乳寡糖,纤维素、抗性糊精和抗性淀粉的混合物)
■微量组分(矿物质,维生素,痕量元素,调味剂,着色剂等)
实施例6.适合用于降低糖尿病患者的清晨高血糖的产品
能量:60kcal/100ml(250kJ/100ml)
所述产品每100ml包含,:
■蛋白约10g(乳蛋白)(40kcal)
■可消化碳水化合物约5g(约15wt%乳糖/约85wt%葡萄糖寡聚物)(20kcal)
■纤维约10g(约60wt%半乳寡糖,约20wt%果胶,约20wt%抗性淀粉)
■微量组分(矿物质,维生素,痕量元素,调味剂,着色剂等)
试验
动物试验中利用健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠(n=7),在给予半乳-OS纤维(GOS)之后观察到胰岛素敏感性改善的“隔日效应(seconddayeffect)”。
第1天,经由胃管给予动物半乳糖-OS纤维(GOS)负荷。6ml的负荷量相当于每日纤维摄入的50%;纤维溶解于水。约24小时后(第2天),进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验,胃内注射给予碳水化合物负荷(2g麦芽糊精/kgBW)后监测餐后血糖和胰岛素变化120min。为此,经由静脉导管重复取血。
第1天胃内注射水或纤维素水溶液作为对照。由于GOS纤维制备物由50%可消化碳水化合物组成,两个对照注射与碳水化合物一同给予以进行校正。
图1和2描述了三次预处理的分别的餐后血糖和胰岛素血浆水平的变化。
餐后血浆葡萄糖变化在三次预处理中没有区别(图1)。反之,用半乳糖-OS纤维(GOS)进行预处理明显减少分泌的胰岛素的量(图2),导致AUC值增加明显(p<0.05)降低。计算的胰岛素敏感性指标Matsuda-指标在用半乳糖-OS进行预处理之后升高(图3)。
Claims (10)
1.分子量为450-3700Da的不消化寡糖在制备用于改善胰岛素抗性、预防餐后血糖下沉和/或降低餐后葡萄糖反应的营养或药物产品中的用途,其中在服用所述产品之后72小时之内用餐,其中所述不消化寡糖具有超过60wt%的半乳糖单元和超过10wt%的选自下组的单元:葡萄糖单元,甘露糖单元,及其混合物。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述寡糖包含超过70wt%的半乳糖单元,其中其余的糖单元中包含超过10wt%的葡萄糖单元。
3.权利要求1或2的用途,其中所述不消化寡糖以2-20g每份的量给予。
4.权利要求1或2的用途,其中所述产品在餐前30分钟-5小时之间服用。
5.权利要求1或2的用途,其中所述产品包含可消化碳水化合物部分以及可选的脂质部分和蛋白质部分,特征在于所述产品包含至少0.29g/100kJ的营养纤维。
6.权利要求1或2的用途,其中所述可消化碳水化合物部分提供低于所述产品中50En%的能量,并包含超过45wt%的容易消化的葡萄糖来源,所述葡萄糖来源选自葡萄糖,葡萄糖浆,麦芽糊精和可消化淀粉。
7.权利要求1或2的用途,其中所述产品不包含果胶。
8.营养组合物,其包含纤维部分和可消化碳水化合物部分,以及蛋白质和可选的脂质部分,其中所述纤维部分包含超过36wt%的的寡糖,所述寡糖分子量为450Da-3700Da并包含超过60wt%的半乳糖单元,其中所述寡糖以0.06g-4g/100kJ由可消化碳水化合物以及蛋白质和存在的脂质部分提供的能量的量包含在内,并且所述可消化碳水化合物的量为4-50kJ每100kJ,蛋白质的量为20-80kJ每100kJ,以及脂质的量低于24kJ每100kJ。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其中所述可消化碳水化合物包含占所述可消化碳水化合物的4-80wt%的巴拉金糖。
10.权利要求8或9的组合物,包含一或多种活性成分,所述活性成分选自胰岛素、双胍类化合物、他汀类化合物以及乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂组成的组。
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RU2421076C2 (ru) * | 2005-04-06 | 2011-06-20 | Нестек С.А. | Способ и композиция для улучшения с помощью питания регуляции глюкозы и действия инсулина |
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Patent Citations (3)
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CN1383727A (zh) * | 2001-04-29 | 2002-12-11 | 上海光明乳业股份有限公司 | 益菌奶及其制造方法 |
CN1545937A (zh) * | 2003-12-03 | 2004-11-17 | 上海交大昂立股份有限公司 | 一种含有益生元的儿童保健食品及其制备方法 |
CN1596741A (zh) * | 2004-09-20 | 2005-03-23 | 段治义 | 魔芋低聚糖快速减肥食品及其制作方法 |
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TR201903494T4 (tr) | 2019-04-22 |
AU2007314732A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
ZA200903497B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
EP2086353A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
CA2668312A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
MX2009004814A (es) | 2009-07-17 |
BRPI0718307B1 (pt) | 2020-11-17 |
US20100069327A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
ES2714575T3 (es) | 2019-05-29 |
WO2008054211A9 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
HUE042644T2 (hu) | 2019-07-29 |
DK2086353T3 (en) | 2019-03-25 |
WO2008054193A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
EP2086353B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
IL198517A0 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
RU2469557C2 (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
US8637487B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
RU2009120697A (ru) | 2010-12-10 |
CN101626696A (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
PL2086353T3 (pl) | 2019-05-31 |
WO2008054211A1 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
CA2668312C (en) | 2015-08-25 |
BRPI0718307A2 (pt) | 2014-04-29 |
JP2010515665A (ja) | 2010-05-13 |
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