CN101593872B - Back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna - Google Patents
Back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN101593872B CN101593872B CN200910059861A CN200910059861A CN101593872B CN 101593872 B CN101593872 B CN 101593872B CN 200910059861 A CN200910059861 A CN 200910059861A CN 200910059861 A CN200910059861 A CN 200910059861A CN 101593872 B CN101593872 B CN 101593872B
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Abstract
The invention provides a back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna, belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave signal processing, and relates to a millimeter wave broadband horn antenna. The back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna comprises a coaxial line excitation part, a ridge waveguide part and a double ridged horn part, wherein the coaxial line excitation part is formed by orderly connecting a coaxial line, a mode converting part and an impedance matching part; the mode converting part is formed by connecting a shielding panel line provided with a ridge and a coaxial line on the ridge side; the impedance matching part is stepped gradient double ridged waveguide; the ridge waveguide part is standard double ridged waveguide; and two ridges of the double ridged horn part are extended from two ridges of the ridge waveguide part to a mouth of a horn. The antenna adopts a back-fed structure, electromagnetic waves are fed in from the back of the ridge waveguide parallel to the ridge waveguide transmission direction, the coaxial line and the waveguide are positioned in the same axes, and a small voltage standing wave ratio can be obtained; and through mode conversion and impedance matching, the antenna can have satisfactory characteristics in a broadband range between 18 and 40GHz, and is characterized by wide frequency band, compact structure and good performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave and millimeter wave signal processing technology field, relate to millimeter wave antenna, especially the millimeter wave broadband horn antenna.
Background technology
Along with the development of millimeter-wave technology, it is in Aero-Space, and the effect in meteorological communication and the modern military system is more and more important; Horn antenna is because its power capacity is big; Bandwidth, gain is high, good directionality; Used fully in this field and developed, be commonly used to as independently antenna and feed use.For the working frequency range of extended antenna, need add ridge to horn antenna.
Present widely used millimeter wave double-ridged horn antenna (as shown in Figure 1) is a kind of direct insertion double-ridged horn antenna, and its coaxial feed probe all is perpendicular to waveguide E face and inserts, and λ behind the probe/4 places add short board, forms back cavity.This structure Design thinking is to regard the coaxial line probe as a transmitting antenna in waveguide, to have encouraged electromagnetic field, because a terminal shortcircuit of waveguide, so energy just can only be propagated towards a direction.Through the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on the analysis probe, calculate its input impedance, mate according to its characteristic impedance then.For can better matching, end of probe will have gradual change, but when probe shape is irregular; Its surface current distributes and can't accurately try to achieve; Therefore the theoretical analysis and calculation difficulty causes and can't design accurately and effectively, makes that produced coaxial feed partial properties is relatively poor; The input standing wave is bigger, and is especially true under the situation of millimeter wave and wideband section.Because its coaxial fitting becomes 90 degree angles with waveguide, in some cascade system, connect inconvenience in addition, also have when through-put power is big, probe tip punctures easily.
Summary of the invention
This purpose provides a kind of back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna; This antenna adopts the feedback type structure; Its coaxial line and waveguide are on the same axis, analyze design with the thought of mode conversion and impedance matching, can in the broadband, obtain satisfied characteristic.This antenna has broadband, compact conformation, well behaved characteristics.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna, as shown in Figure 3, comprise coaxial line excited part 1, ridge waveguide part 2 and two ridged horn part 3.Said coaxial line excited part is formed by connecting coaxial line 11, mode converting part 12 and impedance matching part 13 fixed order; Said mode converting part 12 is formed by connecting one section shielding panel line 121 and one section ridge square coaxial line 122 that adds ridge; The said following metallic plate centre that adds the shielding panel line 121 of ridge has groove (being ridge) along axis direction, and an end adopts the sealing of short circuit metal plate; Have a coupling aperture on the said short circuit metal plate, the aperture of coupling aperture is identical with the internal diameter of the outer conductor of coaxial line 11.Have groove (being ridge) along axis direction in the middle of the following metallic plate of said ridge square coaxial line 122.Said impedance matching part 13 is one section double ridged waveguide with stairstepping gradual change ridge.Said ridge waveguide part 2 is the double ridged waveguide of a segment standard.Two ridges 31 of said pair of ridged horn part 3 extend out to horn mouth by two ridges of ridge waveguide part 2.
The outer conductor of said coaxial line 11 is fixed on the short circuit metal plate of shielding panel line 121, and the coupling aperture on the short circuit metal plate of the outer conductor that guarantees coaxial line 11 and shielding panel line 121 is concentric; The inner wire of coaxial line 11 adopts identical materials to process identical shape with the inner wire of the shielding panel line 121 that adds ridge, forms an integral body, and links to each other with the inner wire of ridge square coaxial line 122; The shielded metal plate of shielding panel line 121 and ridge square coaxial line 122 adopts identical materials to process identical shape, forms an integral body; Shielding panel line 121 is identical with the ridge of ridge square coaxial line 122.
In the such scheme, two ridges of said pair of ridged horn part 3 can be the ridges that is the exponential curve gradual change, also can be the ridges that is the multistage linear gradient.The fastness that is connected for the inner wire of the inner wire that increases the shielding panel line 121 that adds ridge and ridge square coaxial line 122; Can perforate on the inner wire of ridge square coaxial line 122; The inner wire that will add the shielding panel line 121 of ridge inserts in the perforate of inner wire of ridge square coaxial line 122, and cements with conducting resinl.The stairstepping gradual change ridge of said impedance matching part 13 calculates the characteristic impedance of needed joint number and each joint by Chebyshev impedance matching formula, and then confirms the size of each joint.
The operation principle of back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna provided by the present invention is following:
Electromagnetic wave is parallel to ridge waveguide transmission direction feed-in through coaxial line 11 through coupling aperture from the ridge waveguide rear portion, at first get into mode switch part 12.See that from structure the mode switch part is divided into 2 various structure zones again, at first is one section shielding panel line 121 that adds ridge, back to back then part is one section ridge square coaxial line 122.These two kinds of structures all are TEM ripple transmission lines, can better carry out mode switch, and energy of electromagnetic field can be carried out the transition to the ridge waveguide from coaxial line with mating more.It in the coaxial line TEM ripple; Electric field is evenly distributed in the coaxial line about Φ direction symmetry, and electric field energy has been focused on inner wire and up and down between the metallic plate when adding the shielding panel line of ridge; And after getting into the ridge square coaxial line; Because ridge space, below is bigger, energy of electromagnetic field disperses, so electric field energy has further been focused between inner wire and the upper plate.Like this, main electric field energy just can carry out the transition to from coaxial line between two ridges of ridge waveguide part 2 gradually.Fluting (promptly the adding ridge) purpose of these two part belows is to reduce the electric capacity of the latter half, lets electric field concentrate on the first half, reaches the purpose of electromagnetic wave smooth transition, can also play the effect of reduction to requirement on machining accuracy simultaneously.
Impedance matching part adopts more piece quarter-wave step impedance conversion, and along with increasing of ridge, impedance reduces gradually.Through the ridge waveguide step conversion, the standard ridge waveguide is transformed to low-impedance ridge waveguide like this, with the characteristic impedance coupling of 50 ohm of coaxial line and mode converting part, to obtain satisfied voltage standing wave ratio.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this antenna adopts the feedback type structure, and electromagnetic wave is parallel to ridge waveguide transmission direction feed-in from the ridge waveguide rear portion, and coaxial line 11 is on the same axis with waveguide, can obtain less voltage standing wave ratio; Adopt the thought of mode conversion and impedance matching to analyze design, can in the broadband range of 18～40GHz, obtain satisfied characteristic, have broadband, compact conformation, well behaved characteristics.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is existing direct insertion double-ridged horn antenna generalized section.
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the generalized section of back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section that adds the shielding panel line 121 of ridge in the back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-section of ridge square coaxial line 122 in the back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna provided by the invention.
Embodiment
A kind of back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna, as shown in Figure 1, comprise 3 parts: coaxial line excited part 1, this part comprise coaxial line 11, mode switch part 12 and impedance matching part 13.The coaxial fitting of coaxial line 11 can be 2.4 types or 2.92 type coaxial fittings, and its inner wire is inner through the inner wire that coupling aperture injects ridge square coaxial line 122, and cements with conducting resinl.The total length of mode switch part 12 is the quarter-wave of centre frequency; Be divided into 2 parts: the last period, structure was the shielding panel line 121 that adds ridge; The back is a ridge square coaxial line 122 for one section, and these two parts all are TEM ripple transmission line structures, and its characteristic impedance all is 50 Ω during design; Below the mode switch part, have a rectangular channel on the metallic walls, promptly ridge 123.Stepped impedance compatible portion 13 is one section double ridged waveguide with stairstepping gradual change ridge, and the ridge height through the conversion ridge waveguide obtains the different characteristic impedance and carries out impedance matching, and the length of each section is the quarter-wave of centre frequency.
Ridge waveguide part 2 is standard 180 double ridged waveguides.
Two ridges 31 of two ridged horn parts 3 extend out to horn mouth by two ridges of ridge waveguide part 2.Two ridges of said pair of ridged horn part 3 can be the ridges that is the exponential curve gradual change, also can be the ridges that is the multistage linear gradient.
If two ridges of said pair of ridged horn part 3 are the ridge of exponential curve gradual change, can in the broadband, realize comparatively good gain and directivity.Yet in the practical engineering design process, the curve of exponential type can bring huge amount of calculation to Computer Simulation.The time of emulation is longer, optimizes more to be difficult to realize.And the exponential curve difficulty of processing is big, is difficult to guarantee precision, and the processing consistency is relatively poor, and rate of finished products is lower.
If two ridges of said pair of ridged horn part 3 are the ridge of multistage linear gradient, can reduce requirement on machining accuracy and processing cost, make processing more convenient, consistency can guarantee that rate of finished products is higher.During actual design,, make and extend the ridge curve earlier according to the form of exponential curve; Per 1/4 wavelength with centre frequency on the radiation direction is one section; Obtain the tie point with exponential curve, then each tie point is coupled together with linear line segment, so just constituted the multistage linear gradient and extended ridge.
Back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna provided by the invention, simulation result shows: 1, this antenna frequency of utilization can reach 18 ~ 40GHz, and relative bandwidth can reach 75.9%; 2, the input standing wave is less, and power utilization is higher.
Claims (4)
1. a back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna comprises coaxial line excited part (1), ridge waveguide part (2) and two ridged horn parts (3); Said coaxial line excited part is formed by connecting coaxial line (11), mode converting part (12) and impedance matching part (13) fixed order;
Said mode converting part (12) is formed by connecting one section shielding panel line (121) and one section ridge square coaxial line (122) that adds ridge; Have groove along axis direction in the middle of the following metallic plate of the said shielding panel line (121) that adds ridge, i.e. ridge (123), an end adopts the sealing of short circuit metal plate; Have a coupling aperture on the said short circuit metal plate, the aperture of coupling aperture is identical with the internal diameter of the outer conductor of coaxial line (11); Have groove along axis direction in the middle of the following metallic plate of said ridge square coaxial line (122), i.e. ridge (123);
Said impedance matching part (13) is one section double ridged waveguide with stairstepping gradual change ridge, and the ridge height through the conversion ridge waveguide obtains the different characteristic impedance and carries out impedance matching, and the length of each section is the quarter-wave of centre frequency; Along with increasing of ridge; Impedance reduces gradually, through the ridge waveguide step conversion, the standard ridge waveguide is transformed to low-impedance ridge waveguide like this; With the characteristic impedance coupling of 50 ohm of coaxial line and mode converting part, to obtain satisfied voltage standing wave ratio;
Said ridge waveguide part (2) is the double ridged waveguide of a segment standard; Two ridges (31) of said pair of ridged horn part (3) extend out to horn mouth by two ridges of ridge waveguide part (2);
The outer conductor of said coaxial line (11) is fixed on the short circuit metal plate of shielding panel line (121), and the coupling aperture on the short circuit metal plate of the outer conductor that guarantees coaxial line (11) and shielding panel line (121) is concentric; The inner wire of coaxial line (11) adopts identical materials to process identical shape with the inner wire of the shielding panel line (121) that adds ridge, forms an integral body, and links to each other with the inner wire of ridge square coaxial line (122); The shielded metal plate of shielding panel line (121) and ridge square coaxial line (122) adopts identical materials to process identical shape, forms an integral body; Shielding panel line (121) is identical with the ridge of ridge square coaxial line (122).
2. back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, two ridges of said pair of ridged horn part (3) are the ridges that is the exponential curve gradual change.
3. back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, two ridges of said pair of ridged horn part (3) are the ridges that is the multistage linear gradient.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antennas; It is characterized in that; Has perforate on the inner wire of said ridge square coaxial line (122); The inner wire of the said shielding panel line (121) that adds ridge inserts in the perforate of inner wire of ridge square coaxial line (122), and cements with conducting resinl.
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| CN200910059861A CN101593872B (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | Back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna |
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| CN200910059861A CN101593872B (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | Back-fed millimeter wave broadband double ridged horn antenna |
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| CN101593872B true CN101593872B (en) | 2012-09-12 |
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