CN109786929B - Corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source - Google Patents

Corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source Download PDF

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CN109786929B
CN109786929B CN201910176805.4A CN201910176805A CN109786929B CN 109786929 B CN109786929 B CN 109786929B CN 201910176805 A CN201910176805 A CN 201910176805A CN 109786929 B CN109786929 B CN 109786929B
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CN109786929A (en
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赵志浩
王正鹏
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source which comprises an axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna (1), a support structure (2), a flange plate (3) and wave-absorbing materials (4). The feed part of the horn antenna adopts a three-section impedance matching structure (6), so that the working bandwidth is widened, and the voltage standing wave ratio is effectively reduced. The feed probes are half rigid coaxial cables connected by two SMA joints, and the two feed probes are vertically installed and respectively correspond to the polarization of the feed source in two mutually perpendicular directions. The horn mouth surface is loaded with a four-groove axial corrugated groove structure (10) for inhibiting the beam width of a low frequency band and achieving the purpose of balancing the beam width in a wide frequency band. Meanwhile, the four axial corrugated grooves effectively compress the distribution area of the electric field on the mouth surface, and the annular electric field generated among the four ridges is weakened, so that the cross polarization is reduced. The feed source antenna has the outstanding advantages of small return loss, stable beam width, low cross polarization and low cost.

Description

Corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compact range feed source antennas, in particular to a corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source.
Background
The feed source is an important component of a lens antenna or a reflector antenna, wherein a high-performance broadband feed source system can effectively improve the working performance of the antenna, and meanwhile, in recent years, increasingly urgent needs are brought to the ultra-wideband feed source in the fields of communication, national defense and radio astronomy, and at least 3 is required: 1 even higher bandwidth can satisfy the radiation characteristic that the beam width is comparatively stable and better at the same time, especially in the field of compact range test, the design of such ultra wide band feed source is very challenging, so the research and the application of the ultra wide band feed source antenna are of great practical significance.
The four-ridge horn antenna has a certain application space in the field of compact range testing as a common broadband antenna, but the defect is obvious, the directional pattern of the four-ridge horn antenna is asymmetric at high frequency, the beam width changes greatly along with the frequency, the beam width is often sharply narrowed along with the increase of the frequency, and the main lobe is split more easily at high frequency. Another limiting factor of the four-ridged horn antenna is that the cross polarization level of the four-ridged horn antenna is relatively high, which can cause that when the four-ridged horn antenna is applied to electromagnetic testing, the testing accuracy is seriously affected at certain specific positions, so that the existing ultra-wideband feed source is not mature, and the four-ridged horn needs to be improved and designed more finely.
The basic structure and optimization of the four-ridge horn antenna have been advanced a lot, and the radiation mode at the mouth surface is controlled mainly by shaping the shape of the horn wall and adjusting the parameters of the ridge, so as to achieve the ideal radiation performance. Meanwhile, improved structures are also proposed to solve the defects of the four-ridge horn antenna, and the improved structures mainly comprise an additional mouth surface adapter, a higher-order mode suppression ring and a horn wall design for shaping. In 2006, Jacobs introduced a four-ridge horn antenna using an elliptical shaped horn wall, and studied that a beam width of a required directional pattern can be obtained through changes of parameters of the horn wall, and in 2013, Akgiray studied ridge shape and matching problems, and made clear the influence of ridge distance and ridge curve on horn radiation. The research on the four-ridge horn antenna in China also has some innovation points, and mainly adopts ridge thickness forming, ridge extension and other methods to improve the reflection at a low frequency to a certain extent. The above current research still does not solve the defects that the cross polarization of the four-ridge horn antenna is high, the beam width changes too much with the frequency, and the beam width at the low frequency is too large, so that the electromagnetic wave leakage is serious, and the problems are concerned and need to be solved particularly for the application of a compact range test system.
Therefore, it is of great practical significance to design a novel ultra-wideband feed antenna to meet some test index requirements of compact ranges.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source, and the feed source antenna has the outstanding advantages of small return loss, stable beam width, low cross polarization and low cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source comprises an axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna 1, a support structure 2, a flange plate 3 and wave-absorbing materials 4, wherein the horn antenna comprises a three-section impedance matching structure 6, four ridge sheets 5 adopting specific ridge curves, a cavity 7 for connecting two mutually-perpendicular polarization direction connectors, a short circuit plate 8, a horn wall 9 with a corresponding size, a four-groove axial corrugated groove structure 10 and two semi-rigid coaxial cable feed connectors 11 adopting SMA connectors for connection, the horn antenna 1 is connected to the support structure 2 through screws, and the support structure 2 is also fixed above the flange plate 3 through screws; the wave-absorbing material 4 is adhered to and covers the flange plate 3; four ridge sheets 5 with specific ridge curves are respectively arranged on a circular truncated cone-shaped horn wall 9, and four flat surfaces with the same width as the ridge sheets are cut on the horn wall 9 and used for installing the ridge sheets; two semi-rigid coaxial cable feed connectors 11 connected by SMA connectors sequentially penetrate through the cavity 7 and one of the four ridge pieces 5 adopting a specific ridge curve, the outer conductor of each cable feed connector is electrically connected with the cavity 7 and the penetrated ridge, and the inner conductor of each cable feed connector is electrically connected with the opposite ridge; the three-section impedance matching feed structure 6 can reduce the return loss by adjusting the length and the width of each section, and the four-groove axial corrugated groove structure 10 obtains a more stable beam width by adjusting the width and the depth of each groove.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source and the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the horn wall 9 is conical, the length is 210-230 mm, and the electrical size is 1.4 lambdac~1.6λcBetween (lambda)cWavelength corresponding to cut-off frequency), the diameter of the mouth surface is 115-125 mm, and the electrical size of the mouth surface is 0.75 lambdac~0.85λcIn the meantime.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source, in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the thickness of four ridge sheets 5 adopting a specific ridge curve is between 5 and 5.5mm, and the distance between two ridges of a horn ridge waveguide part is between 2 and 2.15 mm; the four ridge sheets 5 adopting the specific ridge curve adopt 60-degree cutting angles at the positions close to each other, so that the characteristic impedance of the main mode of the four-ridge waveguide is matched with the coaxial line; the distances between the semi-rigid coaxial cable feed joint 11 connected with the two SMA joints and the short circuit board 8 are 23.4mm and 24.4mm respectively.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source, in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the horn feed section adopts a three-section impedance matching structure 6, and the opening width of three sections is 0.55-0.65 mm (the electric size is 0.0037 lambda)c~0.0043λc) 0.85 to 0.95mm (electric size 0.0057 lambda)c~0.0063λc) 1 to 1.1mm (electrical size 0.0067 lambda)c~0.0073λc) The length of the three sections is 4.1-4.3 mm in sequence (the electrical size is 0.027 lambda)c~0.029λc) 2 to 2.2mm (electrical size 0.0137 lambda)c~0.015λc) 4.1-4.3 mm (electrical size 0.027 lambda)c~0.029λc) (ii) a The length connecting the first section and the second section is 7.3mm (electrical dimension 0.049 lambda)cLeft and right), the length connecting the second section and the third section is 10.4mm (electrical dimension 0.069 lambda)cLeft and right); the third section is connected with the ridge piece with the specific ridge curve to form a complete ridge piece.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source and the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, ridge curves of ridge sheets are gradually changed according to a fixed correction type exponential curve, and the exponential curve equation is that y is 2.192 × e0.0167*x+0.057 × x, the four ridge pieces 5 adopting a specific ridge curve adopt 60 ° cut angles at mutually close positions.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source, in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the position of a horn mouth surface is loaded with an axial corrugated groove structure 10 of four grooves, the width of each groove is 10-11 mm, and the electric size is 0.06 lambdac~0.07λcThe groove depth from the inner layer to the outer layer is 37.6, 37.6, 36.5 and 36.5mm in sequence, and the electrical dimension is 0.2 lambdac~0.3λcThe wall thickness of the groove is about 1 mm.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source and the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the distance between four ridge sheets 5 adopting a specific ridge curve and a plane on one side, close to the ridge sheets, of the short circuit board 8 is 20.9-21.9 mm; the four ridge sheets 5 adopting the specific ridge curve are connected with the cavity 7 through conductive adhesive and fixed through screws, so that good electric contact between the four ridge sheets 5 adopting the specific ridge curve and the cavity 7 is realized.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source, the antenna main body is made of metal, and the metal is selected from the following materials: aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold, platinum, and alloys of the foregoing.
In the corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source, the length of a support column of the support structure 2 between the flange plate 3 and the horn antenna 1 is 150-300 mm; the thickness of the wave-absorbing material covered on the flange plate 3 is between 30mm and 80 mm.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an ultra wide band feed source for compact range test. The frequency coverage range of the feed source is more than 3 octaves, such as 2-6 GHz. The whole set of the invention comprises an axial corrugated groove horn antenna 1, a support structure 2, a flange plate 3 and a wave-absorbing material 4. The invention uses three-section matched feed structure, and can make the main mode characteristic impedance of ridge waveguide and the characteristic impedance of coaxial line achieve good matching effect by adjusting the opening width and length of each section, thereby greatly reducing the return loss of the horn, improving the standing wave performance of the horn, and simultaneously cooperating with a specific ridge curve, greatly expanding the working bandwidth of the horn. Four axial corrugation grooves are loaded at the mouth face position of the horn. The depth of the corrugated groove is about one quarter of lambada c (lambada c is the wavelength corresponding to the cut-off frequency), the wave beam width of a low frequency band can be well restrained, meanwhile, due to the existence of the corrugated groove, the electric field distribution of the mouth surface is compressed towards the center, the circumferential electric field distribution existing between the ridge sheets is restrained, therefore, the cross polarization level of the loudspeaker is lowered, and the cross polarization is averagely lowered by more than 5dB on the whole frequency band. A support structure with a certain length is arranged behind the horn antenna, certain connecting accessories are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the support structure to be connected with the horn antenna and the flange, and a specific wave-absorbing material is laid at the bottom of the support structure to inhibit multiple radiation caused by the support structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention reduces the beam width of a low-frequency-band directional diagram by more than 20 degrees by loading the axial corrugated groove structure with four grooves at the position of the mouth surface, and obtains more stable beam width on the whole frequency band, thereby having stronger practicability in the field of ultra-wideband feed sources.
(2) The invention reduces the relative electric size of the horn mouth surface through the compression effect of the corrugated groove on the mouth surface electric field, inhibits the annular electric field generated among the ridge sheets, greatly reduces the cross polarization level in a working frequency band, and improves the testing efficiency and precision.
(3) The invention adopts a three-section impedance matching structure at the feed position of the ridge waveguide, so that the main mode characteristic impedance of the ridge waveguide and the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line achieve a good matching effect, the return loss of the horn is greatly reduced, and the standing wave performance of the horn is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting structure and flange and attachment means;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-section impedance matching structure;
the reference numerals in the figures mean: 1 is four spine horn antennas of axial ripple groove, 2 is the supporting structure, 3 is the ring flange, 4 are absorbing material, 5 are four spinal laminas for adopting specific spine curve, 6 are three section impedance matching structure, 7 are the cavity, 8 are the short circuit board, 9 are the loudspeaker wall, 10 are the axial ripple groove structure of four grooves, 11 are the semi-rigid coaxial cable feed connection who adopts SMA articulate.
Detailed Description
The specific concept of the invention is as follows: because the four-ridge horn antenna has the characteristic of wide frequency band, the multi-section matching technology and the corrugated groove technology are introduced on the basis of the four-ridge horn antenna to improve the return loss and the beam width of the horn, so that the four-ridge horn antenna can be applied to the field of compact range testing. By adding a multi-section impedance matching structure at the feed of the ridge waveguide, the return loss can be greatly reduced by adjusting the size of the multi-section structure. Meanwhile, the corrugated groove technology is utilized, four axial grooves are loaded at the opening surface position, the axial grooves can reduce the beam width of a low frequency band, so that the beam width on the whole frequency band is stabilized, meanwhile, the electric field distribution of the horn opening surface can be compressed due to the existence of the corrugated grooves, the annular electric field distribution existing between the ridge pieces is restrained, and the cross polarization level of the horn can be reduced.
According to the concept of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the steps of firstly determining the mouth surface size and the horn length of the four-ridge horn antenna, wherein the mouth surface size is determined by cut-off frequency, the mouth surface of the traditional four-ridge horn antenna needs to be larger than half of the lowest working frequency and corresponds to 2GHz, the mouth surface selection needs to be larger than 75mm, the mouth surface diameter of a horn at the corrugated groove part is finally removed and is 115-125 mm, the length of the horn antenna needs to be according to the principle of optimal horn design, meanwhile, the mouth surface phase difference is considered to be as small as possible, and the horn length is selected to be 1.4 lambda c-1.6 lambda c.
According to a magnetic field integral equation method, the thickness of the four ridge waveguides and the ridge waveguide distance are respectively determined to be 5-5.5 mm and 2-2.15 mm. The four ridges of the four-ridge waveguide adopt 60-degree cutting angles at the positions close to each other, so that the characteristic impedance of the main mode of the four-ridge waveguide is matched with the coaxial line. The principle of designing the chamfer of the ridge is that four ridge pieces cannot overlap each other, and the standing wave performance should be greatly improved.
The ridge curve of a ridge patch generally takes the form of a modified exponential function: y ═ a × eR*x+ b x, where R mainly determines the opening speed of the ridge curve, the larger R, the faster the opening speed, the shorter the corresponding antenna axis length, and the smaller R, the slower the opening speed, and the longer the antenna axis length. The larger the R is, the larger the reflection is, but considering that a stable phase center is needed as a feed source antenna, so that an overlarge antenna axis length cannot be selected, meanwhile, the coefficients a and b can also control the field angle of the horn, and the field angle of the horn has a relation with the beam width and the return loss, so that two results should be balanced to obtain optimal values, and the values of a, b and R obtained by optimization in the invention are respectively 2.192, 0.057 and 0.0167.
In actual engineering, certain errors exist in antenna processing, corresponding processing tolerance needs to be given in design, due to the fact that the processing errors exist, good electric contact is hardly guaranteed between the four ridge sheets 5 adopting the specific ridge curves and the cavity 7, and simulation and experiments prove that if the four ridge sheets 5 adopting the specific ridge curves and the cavity 7 do not have good electric contact, the standing wave of the ridge horn is greatly influenced. Therefore, conductive adhesive is added in the design to connect the ridge piece and the cavity, and meanwhile, four M2 screws are adopted for reinforcement to mechanically fix the ridge piece and the cavity.
The improved four-ridge horn antenna can be processed by using metal with good conductivity, such as aluminum, copper and the like, and hard aluminum is used as a processing material as a preferred embodiment.
In order to reduce the return loss of the horn to the maximum extent and obtain good standing wave performance, a three-section impedance matching structure 6 is introduced, and the characteristic impedance of a main mode in the ridge waveguide is improved by designing a three-section progressive structure of the ridge waveguide part, so that the characteristic impedance is matched with the characteristic impedance of a coaxial line more easily, and meanwhile, the working bandwidth of the horn antenna can be widened. After optimization and adjustment, the opening widths of the three sections are 0.55-0.65 mm (the electric size is 0.0037 lambda)c~0.0043λc) 0.85 to 0.95mm (electric size 0.0057 lambda)c~0.0063λc) 1 to 1.1mm (electrical size 0.0067 lambda)c~0.0073λc) The length of the three sections is 4.1-4.3 mm in sequence (the electrical size is 0.027 lambda)c~0.029λc) 2 to 2.2mm (electrical size 0.0137 lambda)c~0.015λc) 4.1-4.3 mm (electrical size 0.027 lambda)c~0.029λc). The length connecting the first section and the second section is 7.3mm (electrical dimension 0.049 lambda)cLeft and right), the length connecting the second section and the third section is 10.4mm (electrical dimension 0.069 lambda)cLeft and right). The third section is connected with the ridge piece with the specific ridge curve to form a complete ridge piece. After the structure is adopted, the voltage standing wave ratio is reduced by about 0.3, and the level that the voltage standing wave ratio is less than 1.5 in a working frequency band is achieved.
In order to control the wave beam width of a low-frequency-band radiation directional diagram to a certain extent and achieve that the wave beam width is stable on the whole frequency band, an axial corrugated groove structure is introduced, the axial corrugated groove structure 10 of the four grooves is added at the position of the opening surface of the four-ridge horn antenna, the axial corrugated groove and the opening surface of the horn are kept horizontal, the corrugated groove inhibits the wave beam width of the low-frequency band, after the corrugated groove is added, the 3dB wave beam width at the low-frequency 2GHz position is reduced to 55 degrees from the original 80 degrees, the 3dB wave beam width in the whole frequency band is stable between 20 and 55 degrees, meanwhile, due to the existence of the corrugated groove, the electric field distribution of the opening surface is compressed towards the center, the circumferential electric field distribution existing between ridge pieces is inhibited, the cross polarization level of the horn is reduced, and the cross polarization is averagely reduced by more than 5dB on the whole frequency band.
In practical compact range test systems, the feed source is generally followed by a supporting fixed structure, which may produce some scattering, affecting the test accuracy. The invention designs a support structure 2, the horn antenna is erected to be superposed with the focus of the compact range reflecting surface, and meanwhile, a wave-absorbing material 4 is laid between a support structure and a flange 3 at the bottom to inhibit the reflection generated by the metal support structure.
The invention relates to a corrugated groove four-ridge horn feed source which can be used as a transmitting or receiving antenna in a compact range test system. The device can also be used as a compact field quiet zone scanning probe to realize higher testing precision. Meanwhile, the feed source can also be applied to the field of radio astronomy and used as a feed source of a large reflector antenna.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a four spine loudspeaker feed in ripple groove which characterized in that: the horn antenna comprises an axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna (1), a support structure (2), a flange plate (3) and wave-absorbing materials (4), wherein the horn antenna comprises a three-section impedance matching structure (6), four ridge sheets (5) adopting specific ridge curves, a cavity (7) for connecting two mutually-perpendicular polarization direction connectors, a short circuit plate (8), a horn wall (9) with a corresponding size, a four-groove axial corrugated groove structure (10) and two semi-rigid coaxial cable feed connectors (11) adopting SMA connector connection, the horn antenna (1) is connected to the support structure (2) through screws, and the support structure (2) is also fixed above the flange plate (3) through screws; the wave-absorbing material (4) is adhered to and covered on the flange plate (3); four ridge sheets (5) with specific ridge curves are respectively arranged on a circular truncated cone-shaped horn wall (9), and four flat surfaces with the same width as the ridge sheets are cut on the horn wall (9) and used for installing the ridge sheets; two semi-rigid coaxial cable feed connectors (11) connected by SMA connectors sequentially penetrate through the cavity (7) and one of the four ridge pieces (5) adopting a specific ridge curve, outer conductors of the cable feed connectors are connected with the cavity (7) and the penetrating ridge pieces (5), and inner conductors of the cable feed connectors are connected with the opposite ridge pieces (5); the three-section impedance matching feed structure (6) can enable the voltage standing wave ratio to be smaller than 1.5 in the working frequency band by adjusting the length and the width of each section, and the axial corrugated groove structure (10) of the four grooves can enable the 3dB wave beam width in the working frequency band to be stabilized at 20-55 degrees by adjusting the width and the depth of each groove;
in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the horn wall is conical, the length is 210-230 mm, and the electrical size is 1.4 lambdac~1.6λcBetween (lambda)cWavelength corresponding to cut-off frequency), the diameter of the mouth surface is 115-125 mm, and the electrical size of the mouth surface is 0.75 lambdac~0.85λcTo (c) to (d);
in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the thickness of four ridge sheets (5) adopting a specific ridge curve is 5-5.5 mm, and the distance between two ridges of a horn ridge waveguide part is 2-2.15 mm; the four ridge sheets (5) adopting a specific ridge curve adopt 60-degree cutting angles at the positions close to each other, so that the characteristic impedance of a main mode of the four-ridge waveguide is matched with the coaxial line; the distances between the semi-rigid coaxial cable feed joint (11) connected with the two SMA joints and the short circuit board (8) are 23.4mm and 24.4mm respectively;
in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, a horn feed section adopts a three-section impedance matching structure (6), and the opening widths of three sections are 0.55-0.65 mm (the electric size is 0.0037 lambda)c~0.0043λc) 0.85 to 0.95mm (electric size 0.0057 lambda)c~0.0063λc) 1 to 1.1mm (electrical size 0.0067 lambda)c~0.0073λc) The length of the three sections is 4.1-4.3 mm in sequence (the electrical size is 0.027 lambda)c~0.029λc) 2 to 2.2mm (electrical size 0.0137 lambda)c~0.015λc) 4.1-4.3 mm (electrical size 0.027 lambda)c~0.029λc) (ii) a The length connecting the first section and the second section is 73mm (electrical size 0.049 lambda)cLeft and right), the length connecting the second section and the third section is 10.4mm (electrical dimension 0.069 lambda)cLeft and right); the third section is connected with the ridge piece with the specific ridge curve to form a complete ridge piece;
in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, ridge curves of ridge sheets are gradually changed according to a fixed correction type exponential curve, and the exponential curve equation is that y is 2.192 × e0.0167*x+0.057 × x, four ridge segments (5) adopting specific ridge curves adopt 60 ° cut angles at mutually close positions;
in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the position of a horn mouth surface is loaded with an axial corrugated groove structure (10) with four grooves, the widths of the four grooves are all 10-11 mm, and the electrical size is 0.06 lambdac~0.07λcThe groove depth from the inner layer to the outer layer is 37.6, 37.6, 36.5 and 36.5mm in sequence, and the electrical dimension is 0.2 lambdac~0.3λcThe wall thickness of the groove is 1 mm;
in the axial corrugated groove four-ridge horn antenna, the distance between four ridge sheets (5) adopting specific ridge curves and the plane of one side, close to the ridge sheets, of the short circuit board (8) is 20.9-21.9 mm; the four ridge sheets (5) adopting the specific ridge curve are connected with the cavity (7) by conductive adhesive and are fixed by screws, so that good electric contact between the four ridge sheets (5) adopting the specific ridge curve and the cavity (7) is realized.
2. The corrugated-flute four-ridge horn feed of claim 1, wherein: the antenna body is composed of metal, and the metal is selected from: aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold, platinum, and alloys of the foregoing.
3. The corrugated-flute four-ridge horn feed of claim 1, wherein: the length of the support column of the support structure (2) between the flange plate (3) and the horn antenna (1) is 150 mm-300 mm; the thickness of the wave-absorbing material covered on the flange plate (3) is between 30mm and 80 mm.
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