CN113471680B - Broadband line source based on multilayer parallel plate waveguide - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide, which comprises a first parallel plate waveguide, a second parallel plate waveguide and a third parallel plate waveguide which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with the second parallel plate waveguide through a first arc elbow, the second parallel plate waveguide is connected with the third parallel plate waveguide through a second arc elbow, an input port of the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with an H-plane loudspeaker, and an output port of the third parallel plate waveguide is connected with the third elbow. The line source is of a broadband structure, the longitudinal dimension of the line source can be effectively reduced while the transverse output range is increased, phase is uniformly distributed on a one-dimensional plane, and the amplitude is a plane wave distributed by a cosine function, so that the size and the processing difficulty of the large-caliber array antenna are effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna feed sources, in particular to a broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide.
Background
The array antenna has good performance and has wide application in the fields of radar, communication, rocker remote measurement, space technology and the like. With the continued advancement of communication systems, modern communication systems are urgently in need of low-cost, miniaturized, high-gain, high-efficiency, broadband array antennas. Conventional array antennas include microstrip array antennas, parabolic antennas, and lens antennas.
The waveguide is a common low-loss transmission line, is an important wave guide device for transmitting electromagnetic waves by adopting a metal pipe, and the pipe wall of the waveguide is usually made of copper, aluminum or other metal materials, and is characterized by simple structure and high mechanical strength. The waveguide has no inner conductor, electromagnetic energy is guided to propagate in the inner space of the waveguide, and leakage of external electromagnetic waves can be prevented. In the design of the antenna and the line source thereof, the waveguide has stronger practical significance due to the characteristics of low loss and high power capacity. The parallel slab waveguide (Parallel Plate Waveguide, PPW) can be obtained by expanding the one-dimensional waveguide structure into a two-dimensional structure, and the PPW is composed of two slabs and has the excellent characteristics of simple structure, low section, small insertion loss and the like. Unlike conventional waveguides, it is capable of transmitting TEM modes, and also has a wider bandwidth. Antennas based on two-dimensional PPW structures and related theories have been reported to a lesser extent. The two-dimensional structure has a greater degree of freedom in design for antenna research, and thus can solve some of the difficulties encountered in large-aperture antenna design. The ideal PPW structure is not present because parallel plates require borderline support. In practical studies of PPW, one or more of its boundaries will generally be closed, similar to a waveguide with a section that is much longer than a narrow side.
In the design of parallel plate waveguide array antennas, however, it is often necessary to design the line source. Compared with the antenna with different open structures, the line source is of a closed structure, and the line source can output planar electromagnetic waves distributed in equal phases for feeding the antenna. The conventional wave guide antenna line sources are mainly divided into two types according to the amplitude distribution mode, wherein one type is a discrete line source, and the other type is a continuous line source. The performance of the line source has direct influence on the matching of the antenna, the characteristics of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic wave output by the line source have decisive influence on the radiation field gain and the side lobe level of the antenna, and the size of the line source directly determines the minimum size of the array antenna. Therefore, the design of the line source is critical to obtain good overall antenna performance.
Chinese patent application No. 201310409126.X discloses a broadband line source for a planar waveguide CTS antenna feed device, where the broadband line source includes an H-plane sectoral horn antenna, a bias reflection surface and a slab waveguide, the H-plane sectoral horn antenna and the bias reflection surface are disposed in the slab waveguide, and a phase center of the H-plane sectoral horn antenna is disposed at a focal point of the bias reflection surface. The broadband line source is characterized in that a horn antenna is arranged at the focus of a reflector, and a field radiated by the horn antenna passes through the reflector to generate plane waves distributed in an equal phase at the caliber surface of the reflector. However, this broadband line source has a problem that the entire longitudinal dimension is large, which is disadvantageous in the miniaturization design of the broadband line source.
The Chinese patent with application number 201610523014.0 discloses a broadband line source for a planar CTS antenna, which comprises a feed network, a first rectangular waveguide and a plurality of H-plane single-ridge rectangular waveguide T-shaped junctions with the same structural dimension, wherein the network is a power distributor and is formed by arranging the H-plane single-ridge rectangular waveguide T-shaped junctions in sequence at a transverse zero interval to form an H-plane single-ridge rectangular waveguide T-shaped junction array. The broadband line source evenly distributes electromagnetic wave energy input into the rectangular waveguide, and plane waves with uniform amplitude distribution and uniform phase distribution are output at the position of the output parallel plate waveguide. However, this broadband line source has the following problems: 1. because the line source adopts the power distributor, the longitudinal width of the line source is multiplied while the transverse output range is increased, and the feed source is not suitable for array antennas with large caliber and small size; 2. in the design process of an array antenna line source, in order to meet the low side lobe performance of an antenna, the line source is generally required to output plane waves with amplitude distributed in a cosine law, and the broadband line source can only output plane waves with uniform amplitude distribution, so that when the broadband line source is used as the line source, the side lobe of the antenna is high.
The Chinese patent with application number 201621478793.9 discloses an H-plane horn line source, which comprises an input rectangular waveguide, an H-plane horn connected to the input rectangular waveguide, and a metamaterial arranged on the diameter surface of the H-plane horn. The metamaterial comprises a plurality of conductive microstructures which are arranged on a substrate in an array mode at one stage of the substrate. The line source achieves the function of adjusting the equivalent refractive index of electromagnetic waves on the aperture surface through the arrangement of the metamaterial, so that plane waves with equal phase distribution are obtained at the output port. However, this broadband line source has the following problems: 1. the line source bandwidth is limited by the metamaterial bandwidth, and the designed line source is often a narrow-band line source; 2. the line source has limited output transverse distance and is not suitable for large-caliber array antennas.
Therefore, with the wide application of the large-caliber array antenna, the problems of the existing line source technology are as follows: the output transverse dimension is small, the bandwidth is narrow, the longitudinal dimension is overlarge, and the output amplitude distribution does not meet the low side lobe characteristic of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical defects existing in the prior art, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide so as to solve the problems of line source miniaturization, broadband and output amplitude distribution during large-caliber feed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a broadband line source based on multilayer parallel plate waveguide, includes first parallel plate waveguide, second parallel plate waveguide, the third parallel plate waveguide of range upon range of setting in proper order, first parallel plate waveguide passes through first arc elbow connection with the second parallel plate waveguide, second parallel plate waveguide passes through second arc elbow connection with the third parallel plate waveguide, the input port of first parallel plate waveguide is connected with H face loudspeaker, the output port of third parallel plate waveguide is connected with the third elbow. The line source is of a broadband structure, the longitudinal dimension of the line source can be effectively reduced while the transverse output range is increased, phase is uniformly distributed on a one-dimensional plane, and the amplitude is a plane wave distributed by a cosine function, so that the size and the processing difficulty of the large-caliber array antenna are effectively reduced.
Further, the H-plane horn is composed of two inclined planes and two planes, wherein the direction of the inclined planes is the electric field direction, and the direction of the planes is the magnetic field direction. The H-plane loudspeaker is arranged along the transverse central axis of the line source, and the upper broad surface and the lower broad surface of the H-plane loudspeaker are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the first parallel plate waveguide. The opening of the H-face loudspeaker faces to the direction of the first arc-shaped elbow, and cylindrical waves radiated by the output port of the loudspeaker are symmetrically distributed along the transverse central axis. The beam width of the output cylindrical wave can be adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the horn, and the shape of the horn inclined plane can be pyramid or gradually changed in an exponential rule.
Further, the H-plane loudspeaker can be not directly connected with the first arc-shaped elbow, at the moment, the transverse dimension D2 of the first arc-shaped elbow can be equal to the whole transverse dimension D1 of the line source or smaller than the whole transverse dimension D1 of the line source, the amplitude distribution of the output plane wave obtained by the structure is steeper, and the suppression effect of the side lobe level is better. The overall line source transverse dimension D1 and the transverse dimension D2 of the first arcuate bend are shown in fig. 14.
Further, the H-plane loudspeaker can be directly connected with the first arc-shaped elbow, at the moment, the transverse dimension D2 of the first arc-shaped elbow is smaller than the integral transverse dimension D1 of the line source, and the structure has higher caliber efficiency. The overall line source transverse dimension D1 and the transverse dimension D2 of the first arcuate bend are shown in fig. 14.
Further, the input port of the H-plane horn is connected with a rectangular waveguide, and can be externally connected with a mode conversion device (such as a microstrip waveguide transition structure, a standard coaxial waveguide transition structure, etc.). In order to achieve good impedance performance, the rectangular waveguide is arranged along the transverse central axis of the line source, the upper broad surface and the lower broad surface of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with the upper broad surface and the lower broad surface of the H-plane loudspeaker, and the height of the rectangular waveguide is the same as that of the H-plane loudspeaker. The main mode of the rectangular waveguide is TE10 mode. The opening of the H-plane loudspeaker is larger than lambda, wherein lambda is the waveguide wavelength of the highest frequency transmission electromagnetic wave.
Further, the first arc-shaped elbow is of a C-shaped cavity structure, the inner wall of the cavity is made of metal materials, and a C-shaped opening faces the inner side of the line source structure and is used for changing the transmission direction and phase distribution of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide. The transverse rotation radian of the first arc-shaped elbow meets the following formula:
wherein:a is half of the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source, e is in the value range +.>A constant.
In this embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the line source defaults to the central axis direction of the elbow, and the transverse direction defaults to the direction perpendicular to the central axis direction of the elbow.
The phase distribution of plane waves reaching the second parallel plate waveguide can be initially adjusted by adjusting the phase center position and the value of e of the cylindrical wave excited by the H-plane horn.
Further, the contact position of the first arc-shaped elbow and the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide is provided with an upper symmetrical first matching step and a lower symmetrical first matching step, and the first matching step and the second matching step are used for realizing the steering of the propagation direction of plane waves. The first matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian. The first matching step may turn the plane wave propagation direction through the first parallel plate waveguide 180 degrees into the second parallel plate waveguide.
Further, the second arc-shaped elbow is of a C-shaped cavity structure, the inner wall of the cavity is made of metal materials, and a C-shaped opening faces the inner side of the line source structure and is used for changing the transmission direction and phase distribution of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide. The transverse rotation radian of the second arc-shaped elbow meets the following formula:
X 2 =4fy, wherein: f is the value rangeIs a constant of (c).
Further, the contact position of the second arc-shaped elbow and the second parallel plate waveguide as well as the third parallel plate waveguide is provided with an upper symmetrical second matching step and a lower symmetrical second matching step, and the upper symmetrical second matching step and the lower symmetrical second matching step are used for realizing the steering of the propagation direction of plane waves. The second matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian. The second matching step may turn the plane wave propagation direction through the second parallel plate waveguide 180 degrees into the third parallel plate waveguide. By adjusting the longitudinal relative positions of the first arc bend and the second arc bend and the value of f, the phase distribution of the plane wave reaching the third parallel plate waveguide can be adjusted.
Further, the third elbow is an L-shaped elbow, and the rotation radian of the third elbow in the transverse direction is a straight line. The L-shaped elbow is composed of an L-shaped corner and a third matching step. The third matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian.
Further, the output port of the third parallel plate waveguide is arranged right above the third parallel plate waveguide and is used for connecting a parallel feed, a series feed network or a radiation structure of a CTS antenna and the like which need plane wave feed source antennas, and electromagnetic waves are directly radiated.
Further, the first parallel plate waveguide, the second parallel plate waveguide and the third parallel plate waveguide are separated by a metal sheet. The upper, lower and side walls of the first parallel plate waveguide, the second parallel plate waveguide and the third parallel plate waveguide are made of metal conductors, and the side walls are stuck with wave absorbing materials.
Further, the first parallel plate waveguide, the second parallel plate waveguide, and the third parallel plate waveguide may be replaced by a substrate integrated waveguide.
Further, the central axes of the first arc-shaped elbow and the second arc-shaped elbow are coincident.
The invention also provides an antenna comprising a broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide in any of the forms described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the patent has the advantages of simple design, lower section and easy processing, and can effectively reduce the overall longitudinal dimension of the line source under the condition of large-caliber transverse output, thereby further reducing the overall dimension of the large-caliber array antenna.
2. The parallel plate waveguide is adopted as the main structure of the line source, and the line source has the characteristic of relatively broadband, so that the line source can be widely used as a feed source of a broadband array antenna.
3. The output amplitude distribution of the line source is in cosine function distribution, and can meet the performance requirement of low sidelobes when the line source is used for an array antenna feed source.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third layer of parallel plate waveguides of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of simulated electric field amplitude for a first layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulation of the electric field amplitude of a second layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulation plot of electric field amplitude for a third layer of parallel plate waveguides for a broadband line source in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) simulation of an input port of a broadband line source provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of normalized amplitude distribution of an output port of the broadband line source provided by the embodiment of the invention at a frequency point of 30 GHz;
FIG. 11 is a graph of normalized phase distribution of an output port of the broadband line source provided by the embodiment of the invention at a frequency point of 30 GHz;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a perspective structure of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic side sectional view of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a perspective structure of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic side sectional view of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third layer parallel plate waveguide of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the invention.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the broadband line source according to the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes three first parallel plate waveguides 6, a second parallel plate waveguide 7, and a third parallel plate waveguide 8 that are sequentially stacked, where the first parallel plate waveguide 6 and the second parallel plate waveguide 7 are connected through a first arc elbow 3, the second parallel plate waveguide 7 and the third parallel plate waveguide 8 are connected through a second arc elbow 4, an input port of the first parallel plate waveguide 6 is connected to the H-plane horn 2, and an output port of the third parallel plate waveguide 8 is connected to the third elbow 5. The line source is of a broadband structure, the longitudinal dimension of the line source can be effectively reduced while the transverse output range is increased, phase is uniformly distributed on a one-dimensional plane, and the amplitude is a plane wave distributed by a cosine function, so that the size and the processing difficulty of the large-caliber array antenna are effectively reduced.
By adjusting the longitudinal position of the H-plane horn 2 and the phase center of the cylindrical wave, and adjusting the rotation radians of the first arc elbow 3 and the second arc elbow 4, the cylindrical wave generated by the H-plane horn 2 can obtain plane waves with equal phases and amplitude distributed in a cosine function along the transverse direction after passing through the first parallel plate waveguide 6, the first arc elbow 3, the second parallel plate waveguide 7 and the second arc elbow 4, and after passing through the third parallel plate waveguide 8 and the third elbow 5. The embodiment adopts an external rectangular waveguide 1 for feeding, the overall outline is a metal cuboid, and the inner hollowed-out part is a parallel plate waveguide cavity structure. Electromagnetic waves are fed through the rectangular waveguide port on the side surface, pass through the parallel plate waveguide cavity structure and are output at the parallel plate waveguide port on the top surface. The input electromagnetic wave mode is TE10 mode of standard rectangular waveguide, the output electromagnetic wave mode is quasi-TEM mode of parallel plate waveguide, the output quasi-TEM mode has cosine distribution of electric field amplitude in transverse direction of the whole structure, and electric field phase is equal phase distribution.
As shown in fig. 2, the parallel plate waveguide cavity is mainly composed of an input port rectangular waveguide 1, an H-plane horn 2, a first parallel plate waveguide 6, a second parallel plate waveguide 7, a third parallel plate waveguide 8, a first arc bend 3, a second arc bend 4, and a third bend 5 when viewed from the side. Wherein the port of the rectangular waveguide 1 is positioned on the lateral broadside side of the line source, and the output port is positioned on the top surface of the line source. The rectangular waveguide 1, the H-plane horn 2 and the first parallel plate waveguide 6, the second parallel plate waveguide 7 and the third parallel plate waveguide 8 have the same horizontal height, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide 6, the second parallel plate waveguide 7 and the third parallel plate waveguide 8 are arranged in parallel, the first parallel plate waveguide 6 and the second parallel plate waveguide 7 are vertically separated by a metal sheet, and the second parallel plate waveguide 7 and the third parallel plate waveguide 8 are vertically separated by a metal sheet. One end of the first parallel plate waveguide 6 is connected with an H-plane horn 2 cylindrical wave feed source; the other end of the first parallel plate waveguide 6 is connected with one end of the second parallel plate waveguide 7 through a first arc-shaped elbow 3, two triangular first matching steps 11 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the first arc-shaped elbow 3, plane waves fed in by the first parallel plate waveguide 6 pass through the first arc-shaped elbow 3, the propagation direction of the plane waves is turned 180 degrees, and the plane waves reach the second parallel plate waveguide 7; the other end of the second parallel plate waveguide 7 is connected with one end of the third parallel plate waveguide 8 through a second arc-shaped elbow 4, two triangular second matching steps 12 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the second arc-shaped elbow 4, plane waves fed in by the second parallel plate waveguide 7 pass through the second arc-shaped elbow 4, the propagation direction of the plane waves is turned 180 degrees, and the plane waves reach the third parallel plate waveguide 8; the third parallel plate waveguide 8 is connected with the output port through the third elbow 5, and the plane wave fed in by the third parallel plate waveguide 8 passes through the third elbow 5, and the propagation direction of the plane wave is turned 90 degrees, so as to reach the output port.
Specifically, the first arc elbow 3 and the second arc elbow 4 are C-shaped cavity structures (may also be referred to as C-shaped elbows). Wherein:
the transverse rotation radian of the first arc-shaped elbow 3 meets the formulaWherein:a is half of the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source, e is in the value range +.>A constant. In this embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the line source defaults to the central axis direction of the elbow, and the transverse direction defaults to the direction perpendicular to the central axis direction of the elbow.
The transverse rotation radian of the second arc-shaped elbow 4 meets the formula X 2 =4fy, wherein: f is the value rangeIs a constant of (c). The parameters obtained by self-taking in the embodiment are optimized, so that a better transmission effect and required output plane waves can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a first parallel plate waveguide 6 shown in the example connects the H-plane horn 2 and the first arc bend 3. The rectangular waveguide 1 at the input end is a standard type rectangular waveguide and is externally connected with a standard wave and conversion device, the rectangular waveguide 1 is placed along the central axis of the line source, the wide side of the rectangular waveguide 1 is connected with an upper parallel plate and a lower parallel plate, the distance between the two parallel plates is the width of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide, and the excitation signal of the rectangular waveguide is TE10 mode. The H-plane Raman 2 is composed of two inclined planes 9 and two planes 10, wherein the direction of the inclined planes is the electric field direction, the direction of the planes is the magnetic field direction, and the planes are contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of the parallel plate waveguide. The loudspeaker is placed along the horizontal axis of structure, the output port of rectangular wave 1 is connected to the input port of loudspeaker, the opening direction of loudspeaker is first arc elbow 3, the cylindrical wave that the output port radiation of loudspeaker goes out, along the horizontal axis symmetric distribution of overall structure, the E face height of loudspeaker is high unanimous with rectangular waveguide 1's broadside, loudspeaker opening size is greater than lambda (the waveguide wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of highest frequency transmission), can adjust the output wave beam width through adjusting the opening size of loudspeaker, the shape on loudspeaker inclined plane can be pyramid type or the gradual change of index law, be the gradual change of index law in this example.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the H-plane horn shown in the example is not directly connected with the first arc-shaped elbow, where the transverse dimension D2 of the first arc-shaped elbow is equal to the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source, the amplitude distribution of the output plane wave obtained by the structure is steeper, the suppression effect of the side lobe level is better, and the simulation shows that the suppression of the side lobe level by the structure can generally reach below-30 dB. The overall line source transverse dimension D1 and the transverse dimension D2 of the first arcuate bend are shown in fig. 14.
As shown in fig. 14 to 18, in another example, the H-plane horn is directly connected to the first arc elbow, where the transverse dimension D2 of the first arc elbow is smaller than the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source, and the structure has higher caliber efficiency, and simulations show that the structure can generally reach caliber efficiency above 85%. The overall line source transverse dimension D1 and the transverse dimension D2 of the first arcuate bend are shown in fig. 14.
The second parallel plate waveguide 7 shown in this example connects the first arc bend 3 and the second arc bend 4. The third parallel plate waveguide 8 shown in the example connects the second arc bend 4 and the third bend (which is an L-bend). The upper, lower and side walls 15 of the first parallel plate waveguide 6, the second parallel plate waveguide 7 and the third parallel plate waveguide 8 are all made of metal good conductors, and the side walls are stuck with wave absorbing materials.
As shown in fig. 6 to 11, the broadband line source of the present invention was simulated using commercial simulation software. The first parallel plate waveguide electric field amplitude simulation diagram is shown in fig. 6, the second parallel plate waveguide electric field amplitude simulation diagram is shown in fig. 7, and the third parallel plate waveguide electric field amplitude simulation diagram is shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from fig. 6 to 8, the input port excites a cylindrical wave, and the third parallel waveguide is a plane wave having a cosine distribution and an equiphase distribution in amplitude distribution. The simulation graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the input port of the broadband line source at 15GHz to 35GHZ is shown in figure 9. The normalized amplitude plot of the output port at the 30GHz frequency bin is shown in fig. 10. The normalized phase plot of the output port at the 30GHz frequency bin is shown in fig. 11. Analysis of FIG. 9 shows that the voltage standing wave ratio of the invention is lower than 1.2 in the whole frequency band from 20GHz to 35GHz, and the invention has broadband characteristic. Analysis of fig. 10 shows that the amplitude distribution of the present invention exhibits a non-uniform distribution at the frequency point of 30GHz, which approximates a cosine distribution. Analysis of fig. 10 shows that the phase distribution of the present invention at the frequency point of 30GHz exhibits an equiphase distribution similar to an ideal plane wave.
Based on the above principle, the invention can also increase the number of layers (more than three layers) of the parallel plate waveguide according to the requirement, as shown in figures 12 and 13, can be designed into a five-layer structure, the principle is similar to the structure, so that the problems of miniaturization, broadband and output amplitude distribution of the line source during large-caliber feeding are solved, and the repeated description is omitted. The number of the parallel plate waveguides can be set into any multiple layers according to the size of the line source structure, wherein the bottommost layer is an input layer waveguide, the topmost layer is an output layer waveguide, the middle layer is a transmission layer waveguide, and two adjacent parallel plate waveguides are connected through an arc elbow. Assuming that the number of arc bends is N (N.gtoreq.2), the parallel plate waveguide is n+1 layers. The curvatures of the arc points where the arc-shaped elbow is located can be the same or different, and the curvature is specifically set according to parameters of plane waves output by the line source, which are not described one by one. When the structure of the line source is designed, parallel plate waveguides with different layers can be selected according to the structure and the size of the line source. The width-to-longitudinal ratio of the whole line source can be flexibly adjusted by controlling the layer number of the parallel plate waveguide, and the units of the extension part are the same, so that the design difficulty of the antenna is reduced.
The foregoing is a specific embodiment of the present invention, and one skilled in the art may make the broadband line source of this example by applying the methods disclosed herein and in some alternative ways without making any inventive effort. The linear source is suitable for being used as a line source of a large-caliber broadband array antenna.
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (26)
1. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide is characterized by comprising a first parallel plate waveguide, a second parallel plate waveguide and a third parallel plate waveguide which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with the second parallel plate waveguide through a first arc-shaped elbow, the second parallel plate waveguide is connected with the third parallel plate waveguide through a second arc-shaped elbow, an input port of the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with an H-plane loudspeaker, an output port of the third parallel plate waveguide is connected with the third elbow, and the transverse rotation radian of the first arc-shaped elbow meets the following formula:
wherein: /> aIs half of the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source, and e is the value rangeIs used for the constant of (c) in the (c),
the transverse rotation radian of the second arc-shaped elbow meets the following formula:
wherein f is in the range of +.>Is a constant of (c).
2. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the H-plane horn is composed of two inclined planes and two flat planes, wherein the direction of the inclined planes is the electric field direction and the direction of the flat planes is the magnetic field direction.
3. The broadband line source based on the multi-layer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the H-plane horn is disposed along a transverse central axis of the line source, and upper and lower broad planes thereof are respectively connected to upper and lower surfaces of the first parallel plate waveguide.
4. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the H-plane horn faces the direction of the first arc-shaped elbow, and the cylindrical waves radiated from the output port of the horn are symmetrically distributed along the transverse central axis.
5. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the H-plane horn and the first arc bend are not directly connected, and wherein the transverse dimension D2 of the first arc bend is smaller than or equal to the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source.
6. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that the H-plane horn and the first arc bend are directly connected, wherein the transverse dimension D2 of the first arc bend is smaller than the overall transverse dimension D1 of the line source.
7. The broadband line source based on multi-layer parallel plate waveguides according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third parallel plate waveguides can be replaced by substrate integrated waveguides.
8. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the central axes of the first and second arc-shaped bends coincide.
9. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the input port of the H-plane horn is connected to a rectangular waveguide.
10. The broadband line source based on the multi-layer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 9, wherein the rectangular waveguide is arranged along a transverse central axis of the line source, an upper broad surface and a lower broad surface of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with an upper broad surface and a lower broad surface of the H-plane horn, and the height of the rectangular waveguide is the same as that of the H-plane horn.
11. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 9, wherein the main mode of the rectangular waveguide is TE10 mode.
12. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the first arc-shaped elbow is of a C-shaped cavity structure, the inner wall of the cavity is made of metal materials, and the C-shaped opening faces the inner side of the line source structure and is used for changing the transmission direction and the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide.
13. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the contact position of the first arc-shaped elbow and the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide is provided with an upper symmetrical first matching step and a lower symmetrical first matching step, so as to realize the steering of the propagation direction of plane waves.
14. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 13, wherein the first matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with radians.
15. The broadband line source based on multi-layer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 13, wherein the first matching step can turn the propagation direction of plane waves passing through the first parallel plate waveguide by 180 degrees into the second parallel plate waveguide.
16. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the second arc-shaped elbow is of a C-shaped cavity structure, the inner wall of the cavity is made of metal material, and the C-shaped opening faces the inner side of the line source structure and is used for changing the transmission direction and phase distribution of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide.
17. The broadband line source based on the multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the contact position of the second arc-shaped elbow and the second parallel plate waveguide and the third parallel plate waveguide is provided with an upper symmetrical second matching step and a lower symmetrical second matching step, so as to realize the steering of the propagation direction of the plane wave.
18. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 17, wherein the second matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with radians.
19. The broadband line source based on multi-layer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 17, wherein the second matching step can turn the propagation direction of plane waves passing through the second parallel plate waveguide 180 degrees into the third parallel plate waveguide.
20. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the third elbow is an L-shaped elbow, and the rotation radian thereof in the transverse direction is a straight line.
21. The multilayer parallel plate waveguide based broadband line source of claim 20 wherein the L-bend is comprised of an L-shaped corner and a third matching step.
22. The broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 21, wherein the third matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with radians.
23. The multilayer parallel plate waveguide based broadband line source according to claim 1, wherein the output port of the third parallel plate waveguide is disposed directly above the third parallel plate waveguide for connection to a CTS antenna.
24. The broadband line source based on multi-layered parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the first, second and third parallel plate waveguides are separated by a thin metal plate.
25. The broadband line source based on the multi-layer parallel plate waveguide according to claim 1, wherein the upper, lower and side walls of the first parallel plate waveguide, the second parallel plate waveguide and the third parallel plate waveguide are made of metal conductors, and the side walls are stuck with wave absorbing materials.
26. An antenna comprising a broadband line source based on a multilayer parallel plate waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 25.
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