CN111052507A - Antenna and wireless device - Google Patents
Antenna and wireless device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111052507A CN111052507A CN201880059048.6A CN201880059048A CN111052507A CN 111052507 A CN111052507 A CN 111052507A CN 201880059048 A CN201880059048 A CN 201880059048A CN 111052507 A CN111052507 A CN 111052507A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an antenna and wireless equipment, and relates to the technical field of antennas, wherein the antenna comprises a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer which are sequentially arranged at intervals, a first lens medium layer is arranged between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second lens medium layer is arranged between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer both comprise an incident surface and an emergent surface, electromagnetic waves emitted by a first feed source antenna and electromagnetic waves emitted by a second feed source antenna have an initial phase difference, and when electromagnetic waves emitted by the emergent surface are scanned towards a direction close to the first metal layer, the third metal layer extends along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, so that the radius of the third metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers; when the electromagnetic wave radiated from the emergent surface scans in the direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer extends along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, so that the radius of the first metal layer is larger than that of the other metal layers.
Description
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna and wireless equipment.
With the rapid development of modern communication system technology, people put higher and higher demands on communication rate, channel capacity, data throughput, user coverage and the like of the communication system. As the foremost end of a communication system, higher requirements are also put forward on an antenna, and the antenna is required to have higher gain to ensure a longer communication distance and realize a faster communication rate; there is also a need for antennas that can operate in higher frequency bands, such as the millimeter wave band, while requiring a wider operating bandwidth to ensure greater channel capacity while accommodating multiple user communications; the antenna is required to be capable of realizing beam coverage over a larger spatial range on the azimuth plane so as to realize all-angle user coverage of the azimuth plane. For example, in a mobile communication base station, the antenna has the capability of broadband, high gain, and wide beam coverage to meet the requirements of point-to-multiple data link communication and multipoint backhaul. In certain specific situations, such as limited field-of-view positioning, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint information interaction within a limited range, target positioning within a limited range space, etc., it is desirable that the antenna have a low profile, small size, while only being required to provide a small range of beam scanning to avoid target deviation due to jitter or environmental changes, etc.
The lens antenna is an antenna capable of obtaining a pencil-shaped, fan-shaped or other-shaped beam by converting a spherical wave or cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave through an electromagnetic wave. The structure of the lens antenna has good rotational symmetry, and each beam of the lens antenna has full aperture gain, so that a wide coverage range can be realized by placing a plurality of feed source antennas; and rapid beam scanning can be realized among a plurality of feed source antennas through an integrated microwave switch. The lens antenna can therefore be used as the front-end in modern communication systems to meet the demands on communication rate, channel capacity and user coverage in modern communication systems.
The lens antenna efficiency and size are optimized with the discovery of new low-loss materials and the improvement of the processing level; the rapid development of lens antennas is promoted. The flat luneberg lens or the flat lens medium layer provides a better realization method for the large-range coverage of the azimuth plane. A luneberg lens structure or a lens medium layer is clamped in a parallel slab waveguide to form a slab lens, the symmetrical center of the lens is used as an origin, a plurality of feed sources are arranged in the incident plane of the lens around the circle center in a circumferential array mode, and wave beams in different directions can be achieved by exciting different feed sources, so that the wave beams can cover in the azimuth plane at a large angle, but the structure cannot achieve scanning of the wave beams in the pitch plane.
The two-dimensional beam scanning realized by the lens structure can be realized by adopting a spherical lens or a form of a direction array of a plurality of flat lens antennas in the direction vertical to the azimuth plane. When a spherical lens (such as a spherical luneberg lens structure) is adopted, the beam can be scanned in a two-dimensional space by placing a plurality of feed antennas on one side of the spherical lens or moving one feed antenna around the spherical lens. However, the spherical lens requires that the dielectric constant is uniformly changed along with the radius, and is limited by the processing technology, and usually a plurality of concentric spherical layers with different dielectric constants are equivalently used for replacement, so that the processing difficulty is high. When a form of a multiple slab lens antenna array is adopted, as shown in fig. 1, the multiple slab lens antenna array includes two slab lens antennas 01 and metal layers 02 disposed on two sides of the slab lens antennas 01, and feeding is performed using multiple array feed antennas in a pitching direction, so that beam scanning of a pitching surface can be achieved, but since the thickness of the slab lens antennas 01 is close to one wavelength, and the metal layers 02 also have a certain thickness, a distance between the feed antenna units is large, a higher-level side lobe 04 (shown as an electromagnetic wave pattern on the right side in fig. 1) may appear on two sides of the main lobe 03 when the antenna achieves pitching surface scanning, and the appearance of the side lobe 04 may affect the gain of the main lobe 03 and may receive more interference signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The antenna and the wireless equipment provided by the embodiment of the application solve the problems that the existing two-dimensional beam scanning antenna is high in processing difficulty and can generate the side lobe of a higher level when the beam of the pitching surface is scanned.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna, including a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer arranged in sequence at intervals, a first lens medium layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second lens medium layer is disposed between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, both the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer include an incident surface and an exit surface, the incident surface of the first lens medium layer is configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from a first feed antenna, the incident surface of the second lens medium layer is configured to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from a second feed antenna, the electromagnetic waves emitted from the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second feed antenna have an initial phase difference, when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves emitted from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer, the third metal layer extends in the exit direction of the exit surface, making the radius of the third metal layer larger than that of the other metal layers; when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer extends along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, and the radius of the first metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers.
The antenna that this application embodiment provided has adopted the form that a plurality of flat lens antennas piled up to realize the antenna at pitching the two-dimensional scanning on face and the azimuth plane, consequently need not make the high ball lens of the processing degree of difficulty to the antenna processing degree of difficulty has been reduced. When the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer are scanned in a direction close to the first metal layer by the initial phase difference, the third metal layer extends in the exit direction of the exit surface, and the radius of the third metal layer is made larger than the radius of the other metal layers, whereby the first lens medium layer radiatesThe upper and lower dielectric layers of the emitted electromagnetic wave are air or vacuum dielectric layers, the upper dielectric layer of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens dielectric layer is an air or vacuum dielectric layer, the lower dielectric layer is a metal dielectric layer, and the phase change Δ Φ is β × D (wherein β is the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave, and D is the propagation distance of the electromagnetic wave), and the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the metal layer is β1β smaller than the propagation constant of electromagnetic wave in vacuum or air2It can thus be concluded that the phase change Δ φ of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first lens medium layer is equal to the propagation distance D1The phase change delta phi of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer is advanced2And thus the directional pattern of the electromagnetic wave may be changed, so that the sidelobe level of the electromagnetic wave is lowered. Similarly, when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer extends in the emergent direction of the emergent surface, so that the radius of the first metal layer is larger than the radius of the other metal layers, and at this time, under the condition that the propagation distance D is the same, the phase change amount delta phi of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the second lens medium layer2The phase change delta phi of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens medium layer is advanced1Thereby causing the directional pattern of the electromagnetic wave to be changed, so that the sidelobe level of the electromagnetic wave is lowered.
In a possible implementation manner, when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer extend in the emergent direction of the emergent surface, so that the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are sequentially increased; when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer and the second metal layer extend along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, and the radiuses of the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are sequentially decreased progressively.
In a possible implementation manner, a fourth metal layer and a fifth metal layer are sequentially arranged on one side of the third metal layer away from the second metal layer at intervals, a third lens medium layer is arranged between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer, a fourth lens medium layer is arranged between the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer, an incident plane of the third lens medium layer is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by the third feed antenna, an incident plane of the fourth lens medium layer is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by the fourth feed antenna, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second feed antenna have a first initial phase difference, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the fourth feed antenna have a second initial phase difference, and the first initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves emitted by the emergent planes of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer, the second initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the third lens medium layer and the fourth lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the fifth metal layer, and the third metal layer extends in the emergent direction of the emergent surface, so that the radius of the third metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers. Therefore, one-point-to-multipoint information interaction can be realized.
In a possible implementation manner, the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer are equal and are all 84 mm, the radii of the first lens medium layer, the second lens medium layer, the third lens medium layer and the fourth lens medium layer are equal and are all 60 mm, the difference value between the radius of the third metal layer and the radius of the first metal layer is Δ d, and Δ d is greater than or equal to 16 mm. Thus, taking Δ d within this range can significantly reduce the side lobe level, and when Δ d is 16mm, the half-power angular beam width of the antenna can be maximized.
In a possible implementation manner, each layer of lens medium layer is a cylindrical structure, two bottom surfaces of the cylindrical structure are respectively attached to the metal layers positioned on the two sides of the cylindrical structure, and the incident surface and the emergent surface are respectively part of the side surface of the cylindrical structure.
In a possible implementation manner, each layer of lens medium layer is coaxially arranged, and the diameter and the thickness of each layer of lens medium layer are equal.
In a possible implementation manner, each metal layer is of a disc-shaped structure, and the axis of each metal layer is coincident with the axis of the lens medium layer. Therefore, the scanning consistency of each wave beam can be ensured when the antenna scans the azimuth plane.
In a possible implementation, the metal layers and the lens medium layers are connected in a penetrating manner by screws extending along the axial direction of the lens medium layers.
In a possible implementation, the lens medium layer can be made of a polystyrene cross-linked resin 1422 type material.
In a possible implementation mode, each layer of lens medium layer is connected with a plurality of feed source antennas, and the plurality of feed source antennas are distributed along the circumferential direction of the incident surface of the lens medium layer. This can realize scanning of the azimuth plane.
In a possible implementation, the feed antenna may be a yagi antenna, a horn antenna, or a slot antenna.
In a possible implementation, the feed antenna may be a yagi antenna made of a substrate integrated waveguide.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a wireless device including a baseband, a radio frequency module, a cable, and an antenna. The radio frequency module is respectively connected with a baseband and an antenna through a cable, and the antenna is the antenna disclosed in the first aspect, wherein the baseband is used for converting the digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal and sending the intermediate frequency analog signal to the radio frequency module; the radio frequency module is used for converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and sending the radio frequency signal to the antenna; the antenna is used for converting radio frequency signals into electromagnetic wave signals and radiating the electromagnetic wave signals to a space.
In a possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the converting, by the radio frequency module, the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and sending the radio frequency signal to the antenna includes: converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal; sequentially amplifying and filtering the radio frequency signal to obtain a processed radio frequency signal; transmitting the processed radio frequency signal to an antenna; the antenna converting the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal comprises: the processed radio frequency signal is converted into an electromagnetic wave signal.
The embodiment of the application provides a wireless device, owing to adopted the form that a plurality of dull and stereotyped lens antennas piled up to realize the antenna two-dimensional scanning on pitching face and azimuth plane, consequently need not make the ball lens that the processing degree of difficulty is high to the antenna processing degree of difficulty has been reduced. And when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the first metal layer, the radius of the third metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers corresponding to the radiation area of the emergent surface, at this time, because the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in the metal layer is smaller than the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum or air, the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens medium layer is ahead of the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer under the same propagation distance, so that the directional diagram of the electromagnetic wave is changed, and the level of the side lobe of the electromagnetic wave is reduced.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-plate lens antenna array;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metal layer arrangement of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another metal layer layout of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens antenna with a symmetrical structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a lens antenna with a symmetrical structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a lens antenna with a symmetrical structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the comparison of simulated reflection coefficient and darkroom test reflection coefficient for the antenna of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a graph of peak gain versus frequency for the antenna of FIG. 5;
fig. 10 is a plot of test and simulation results for antenna patterns for the antenna of fig. 5 when fed into feed port a and feed port B, respectively;
fig. 11 is a test pattern of the antenna of fig. 5 when signals of different frequencies are input at the feed port a;
fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a metal layer and a maximum beam pointing direction under different Δ d conditions for an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 13 is a normalized directional diagram of an antenna of the present application when Δ d is 0;
FIG. 14 is a normalized directional diagram of an antenna of the present application when Δ d is 4 mm;
FIG. 15 is a normalized directional diagram of an antenna of the present application when Δ d is 8 mm;
FIG. 16 is a normalized directional diagram of an antenna of the present application when Δ d is 16 mm;
FIG. 17 is a normalized directional diagram of an antenna of the present application when Δ d is 24 mm;
fig. 18 is a schematic connection relationship diagram of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present application.
The embodiments of the present application relate to an antenna and a wireless device, and the following briefly describes concepts related to the embodiments:
an antenna: an antenna is a transducer that converts a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa.
Lens antenna: an antenna capable of obtaining a pencil-shaped, fan-shaped or other-shaped beam by converting a spherical wave or cylindrical wave of a point source or a line source into a plane wave through electromagnetic waves.
Yagi antenna: the antenna is an end-fire antenna formed by arranging an active oscillator, a passive reflector and a plurality of passive directors in parallel.
Orientation surface: a plane parallel to the ground plane, i.e. perpendicular to axis O in fig. 5.
Pitching surface: a plane perpendicular to the ground plane, i.e. a plane passing through the axis O in fig. 5.
Propagation constant: the phase change amount of the electromagnetic wave in a unit propagation length is shown, and the propagation constants of different dielectric materials are different.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, including a first metal layer 11, a second metal layer 12, and a third metal layer 13 that are sequentially arranged at intervals, a first lens medium layer 21 is disposed between the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12, a second lens medium layer 22 is disposed between the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13, the first lens medium layer 21 includes an incident surface 212 and an exit surface 211, the second lens medium layer 22 includes an incident surface 222 and an exit surface 221, the incident surface 212 of the first lens medium layer 21 is configured to receive an electromagnetic wave emitted from a first feed antenna (not shown in the figure), the incident surface 222 of the second lens medium layer 22 is configured to receive an electromagnetic wave emitted from a second feed antenna (not shown in the figure), the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna has an initial phase difference with the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna, and when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic wave emitted from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 to approach the first feed antenna When the direction of the metal layer 11 is scanned, the third metal layer 13 extends along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, so that the radius of the third metal layer 13 is larger than the radius of other metal layers; when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 to scan in a direction approaching the third metal layer 13, the first metal layer 11 extends in the exit direction of the exit surface, so that the radius of the first metal layer 11 is larger than the radius of the other metal layers.
The antenna that this application embodiment provided has adopted the form that a plurality of flat lens antennas piled up to realize the antenna at pitching the two-dimensional scanning on face and the azimuth plane, consequently need not make the high ball lens of the processing degree of difficulty to the antenna processing degree of difficulty has been reduced. When the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emission surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 are scanned in a direction approaching the first metal layer 11 by the initial phase difference, the third metal layer 13 extends in the emission direction of the emission surface, and the radius of the third metal layer 13 is made larger than the radius of the other metal layers. As shown in fig. 2, the part of the third metal layer 13 with a radius exceeding the other metal layers is Δ d, and in the upper region corresponding to Δ d, the dielectric layers on the upper and lower sides of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens dielectric layer 21 are both air or vacuum dielectric layers, the dielectric layer on the upper side of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens dielectric layer 22 is air or vacuum dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer on the lower side of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens dielectric layer 22 is air or vacuum dielectric layerThe dielectric layer is a metal dielectric layer (i.e., Δ d portion of the third metal layer 13), since the phase variation Δ Φ is β × d (where β is the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave and d is the propagation distance of the electromagnetic wave), and the propagation constant β of the electromagnetic wave in the metal layer is β1β smaller than the propagation constant of electromagnetic wave in vacuum or air2Therefore, the propagation constant of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens medium layer 21 in the medium layer composed of two air or vacuum medium layers (β)2) Is larger than the propagation constant (between β) in the medium layer composed of one air or vacuum medium layer and the other metal medium layer of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer 221And β2In between) it can be concluded that the phase change Δ Φ of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens medium layer 21 is changed by Δ Φ for the same propagation distance d (both Δ d)1The phase change amount delta phi of the electromagnetic wave radiated ahead of the second lens medium layer 222And thus the directional pattern of the electromagnetic wave may be changed, so that the sidelobe level of the electromagnetic wave is lowered. Similarly, when the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 are scanned in a direction approaching the third metal layer 13 by the initial phase difference, the first metal layer 11 extends in the exit direction of the exit surface, and the radius of the first metal layer 11 is made larger than the radius of the other metal layers. At this time, in the case where the propagation distance d is the same (both are Δ d), the phase change amount Δ Φ of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer 22 is changed2The phase change amount delta phi of the electromagnetic wave radiated ahead of the first lens medium layer 211Thereby causing the directional pattern of the electromagnetic wave to be changed, so that the sidelobe level of the electromagnetic wave is lowered.
It should be noted that, by designing the feed structures of the first feed antenna and the second feed antenna, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna can generate the same or different initial phases, and when the generated initial phases are different, the difference value of the initial phases is the initial phase difference. For example, when the feed structure is an integrated waveguide, the propagation constant of the integrated waveguide can be changed by changing the length and width of the integrated waveguide, thereby changing the initial phase of the feed antenna. When the feed structure is a microstrip line or a feed line, the propagation constant of the microstrip line or the feed line can be changed by changing the length of the microstrip line or the feed line, and further the initial phase of the feed antenna is changed. Specifically, in order to scan the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 in the direction close to the first metal layer 11, the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens medium layer 21 may be advanced from the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer 22, that is, the difference between the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first feed antenna and the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second feed antenna is a positive value; similarly, in order to scan the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emitting surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 in the direction approaching the third metal layer 13, the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second lens medium layer 22 may be advanced from the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first lens medium layer 21, that is, the difference between the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the first feed antenna and the initial phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the second feed antenna is a negative value.
In order to reduce the side lobe level, when the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 are scanned in a direction approaching the first metal layer 11 by the initial phase difference, the third metal layer 13 may be extended in the exit direction of the exit surface so that the radius of the third metal layer 13 is larger than the radius of the other metal layers, and the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 may also be extended for a certain distance in the exit direction of the exit surface as long as the radius of the first metal layer 11 and the radius of the second metal layer 12 are still smaller than the radius of the third metal layer 13 after the extension. In a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 3, the second metal layer 12 and the third metal layer 13 may both extend along the exit direction of the exit surface, the radius of the first metal layer 11 is not changed, and the radii of the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 are sequentially increased, so that the structure may also achieve the effect of reducing the level of the side lobe; similarly, when the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 are scanned in a direction approaching the third metal layer 13 by the initial phase difference, as shown in fig. 4, the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 may extend in the exit direction of the exit surfaces, the radius of the third metal layer 13 may be constant, and the radii of the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, and the third metal layer 13 may be sequentially decreased, so that the structure may also achieve the effect of reducing the level of the side lobe.
The embodiment of the present application can also be used to form a lens antenna group with a symmetric structure, specifically, as shown in fig. 5, 6, and 7, a fourth metal layer 14 and a fifth metal layer 15 are sequentially arranged on one side of the third metal layer 13 away from the second metal layer 12 at intervals, a third lens medium layer 23 is arranged between the third metal layer 13 and the fourth metal layer 14, and a fourth lens medium layer 24 is arranged between the fourth metal layer 14 and the fifth metal layer 15, where an incident plane of the first lens medium layer 21 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from the first feed antenna 31, an incident plane of the second lens medium layer 22 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from the second feed antenna 32, an incident plane of the third lens medium layer 23 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from the third feed antenna 33, and an incident plane of the fourth lens medium layer 24 is used to receive electromagnetic waves emitted from the fourth feed antenna 34.
The first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, the third metal layer 13, the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 form a group of lens antenna groups; the third metal layer 13, the fourth metal layer 14, the fifth metal layer 15, the third lens medium layer 23 and the fourth lens medium layer 24 constitute another group of lens antenna groups, and the two groups of lens antenna groups are symmetrically arranged relative to the third metal layer 13. At this time, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first feed antenna 31 and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the second feed antenna 32 have a first initial phase difference, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the third feed antenna 33 and the electromagnetic wave emitted from the fourth feed antenna 34 have a second initial phase difference, the first initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves emitted from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer 21 and the second lens medium layer 22 to scan in a direction approaching the first metal layer 11, the second initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves emitted from the exit surfaces of the third lens medium layer 23 and the fourth lens medium layer 24 to scan in a direction approaching the fifth metal layer 15, and in order to reduce the side lobe level, the third metal layer 13 may be extended in the exit direction of the exit surface so that the radius of the third metal layer 13 is larger than the radius of the other metal layers. The antenna can radiate electromagnetic waves to two different directions, so that one-point-to-multipoint information interaction is realized.
Specifically, the feed antenna may be a yagi antenna, a horn antenna, a slot antenna, or the like. And are not limited herein. In one embodiment of the present application, the feed antenna may be a yagi antenna made of a substrate integrated waveguide.
In order to further analyze the antenna shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment respectively analyzes the performance of the antenna by using physical testing and modeling simulation methods. The concrete parameters of the real object antenna are as follows: the working frequency range of the antenna is 57-60 GHz, the gain variation range is 22.8-23.5 dBi, and the side lobe level is less than-10 dB. The medium selected for the lens is a polystyrene cross-linked resin 1422 type material, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric is 2.53, and the feed source antenna is made of a high-frequency circuit board, and the relative dielectric constant of the feed source antenna is 2.2. The dimensional parameters of each metal layer and each lens dielectric layer are shown in table 1:
| structural layer numbering | Thickness of the structural layer (mm) | Radius of structural layer (mm) |
| |
1 | 84 |
| First |
4.5 | 60 |
| |
1 | 84 |
| Second |
4.9 | 60 |
| |
1 | 100 |
| Third |
4.9 | 60 |
| |
1 | 84 |
| Fourth |
4.9 | 60 |
| |
1 | 84 |
TABLE 1
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the comparison result between the simulated reflection coefficient and the tested reflection coefficient of the antenna, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that, within the range of 57GHz to 66GHz, the reflection coefficient S11 is less than-11 dB, the reflection coefficient meets the requirement, and the simulation and test results are well matched. As shown in fig. 9, the two curves are respectively the relationship between the peak gain obtained by the antenna material object test and the relationship between the peak gain obtained by the analog simulation and the frequency, and as can be seen from fig. 9, both curves show that the gain of the antenna increases with the increase of the frequency, and the curves conform to the basic change rule of the antenna performance. Fig. 10 shows a comparison between the test and simulation results of the antenna pattern when the antenna is respectively input into the feed port a and the feed port B, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the simulation and test results keep better consistency and the antenna has better symmetry. Fig. 11 shows the tested pattern change when signals of different frequencies are input into the feed port a, and it can be known from fig. 11 that the directions of the main lobe are substantially consistent when signals of different frequencies are input, and the beam width change is small, the side lobe level at 66GHz is-11 dB, and the side lobe level is low.
Fig. 12 shows the relationship between the metal layer and the maximum beam pointing direction for different deltad. As can be taken from fig. 12, the maximum pointing direction of the beam increases with increasing radius when ad <16 mm; when deltad is larger than 16mm, the maximum pointing variation amplitude is reduced and basically kept unchanged; when Δ d is 16mm, the beam pointing is maximum.
In order to illustrate the influence of the length Δ d of the metal layer extending along the exit direction of the exit surface on the beam, in the antenna structure shown in fig. 5, when the radii of the remaining metal layers are the same, a simulation experiment of a radiation pattern is respectively performed on the antenna under the condition that the third metal layer 13 is selected by different Δ d, the antenna pitching plane pattern obtained by the simulation experiment is shown in fig. 13 to 17, firstly, the influence on the side lobe under the condition that different Δ d is selected is analyzed and illustrated, the Δ d selected in fig. 13 is 0, that is, the third metal layer 13 does not extend, at this time, the side lobe of the pitching plane pattern is shown in fig. 13, the side lobe gain exceeds-10 dB (about-8 dB), and the side lobe level is high; FIG. 14 selects Δ d of 4 mm, where the side lobe gain is reduced below-10 dB; FIG. 15 selects Δ d of 8 mm and the side lobe gain is further reduced; FIG. 16 selects Δ d of 16mm and the side lobe is almost absent; the delta d selected in fig. 17 is 24 mm, where the antenna pattern does not change much. As can be derived from the above analysis, when the radii of the first metal layer 11, the second metal layer 12, the fourth metal layer 14, and the fifth metal layer 15 are equal, the difference Δ d between the radius of the third metal layer 13 and the radius of the first metal layer 11 is selected to be greater than or equal to 16mm, so that the side lobe is minimized.
The effect on the 3db (half power angle) beamwidth in the case of different Δ d selections is further explained below. Table 2 lists the 3db beamwidth ranges for different deltad:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, when Δ d is 16mm, the 3db beam width is the largest, so that the beam coverage is also the largest.
The foregoing analysis of the value range of Δ d is performed under the following conditions: the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer are equal and are all 84 millimeters, and the radii of the first lens medium layer, the second lens medium layer, the third lens medium layer and the fourth lens medium layer are equal and are all 60 millimeters. When the above parameters of the antenna change, the above value range of the corresponding Δ d (i.e., the sidelobe can be shifted to the lowest value range) may also change, but the value range of the Δ d can still be obtained by the above simulation experiment method (i.e., the sidelobe can be shifted to the lowest value range), and thus the range is within the protection range of the present application.
Each layer of lens medium layer can be a cylindrical structure, the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface of the cylindrical structure are respectively attached to the metal layers positioned on the upper side and the lower side, and the incident surface and the emergent surface can be parts of the side surface of the cylindrical structure respectively. The lens medium layer with the cylindrical structure is easy to process and manufacture, and the scanning of the azimuth plane is easy to realize. Specifically, in order to realize the scanning of the antenna on the azimuth plane, as shown in fig. 7, each lens medium layer is connected with a plurality of feed antennas 3, and the plurality of feed antennas 3 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the incident plane of the lens medium layer. Therefore, beams in different directions on the azimuth plane can be obtained by exciting different feed antennas 3 distributed in the circumferential direction, thereby realizing beam scanning on the azimuth plane.
In one possible implementation of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, the lens medium layers are coaxially arranged, and the diameter and the thickness of each lens medium layer are equal. Each metal layer is of a disc-shaped structure, and the axis of each metal layer is superposed with the axis of the lens medium layer. Thus, the scanning uniformity of each angle beam can be ensured when scanning on the azimuth plane.
The connection between the metal layers and the lens medium layers can be chosen in many ways, for example, by bonding, or by passing the metal layers and the lens medium layers through screws 4 extending in the axial direction of the lens medium layers as shown in fig. 6. The scheme of penetrating and connecting by the screw 4 is convenient for disassembling and replacing the metal layer or the lens medium layer, thereby the antenna is easy to maintain and adjust.
The present application also provides a wireless device, as shown in fig. 18, which includes a baseband 100, a radio frequency module 200, a cable 300, and an antenna 400. The rf module 200 is connected to the baseband 100 and the antenna 400 through the cable 300, and the antenna 400 is an antenna disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the baseband 100 is configured to convert a digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal and send the intermediate frequency analog signal to the rf module 200;
the rf module 200 is configured to convert the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and send the radio frequency signal to the antenna 400;
the antenna 400 is used for converting the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and radiating the electromagnetic wave signal to a space.
As a possible implementation, the rf module 200 converts the intermediate frequency analog signal into an rf signal and transmits the rf signal to the antenna 400, which includes:
converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal;
sequentially amplifying and filtering the radio frequency signal to obtain a processed radio frequency signal;
transmitting the processed radio frequency signal to the antenna 400;
the antenna 400 converts the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal including:
the processed radio frequency signal is converted into an electromagnetic wave signal.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (11)
- An antenna is characterized by comprising a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a third metal layer which are sequentially arranged at intervals, wherein a first lens medium layer is arranged between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, a second lens medium layer is arranged between the second metal layer and the third metal layer, the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer both comprise an incident surface and an emergent surface, the incident surface of the first lens medium layer is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by a first feed source antenna, the incident surface of the second lens medium layer is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by a second feed source antenna, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first feed source antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second feed source antenna have an initial phase difference,when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the first metal layer, the third metal layer extends along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, and the radius of the third metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers;when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer extends along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, and the radius of the first metal layer is larger than the radius of other metal layers.
- The antenna of claim 1, wherein when the initial phase difference causes the electromagnetic waves radiated from the exit surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in a direction close to the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer extend in the exit direction of the exit surface, such that the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, and the third metal layer sequentially increase;when the initial phase difference enables the electromagnetic waves radiated from the emergent surfaces of the first lens medium layer and the second lens medium layer to scan in the direction close to the third metal layer, the first metal layer and the second metal layer extend along the emergent direction of the emergent surface, and the radiuses of the first metal layer, the second metal layer and the third metal layer are sequentially decreased progressively.
- The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a fourth metal layer and a fifth metal layer are sequentially arranged on one side of the third metal layer away from the second metal layer at intervals, a third lens medium layer is arranged between the third metal layer and the fourth metal layer, a fourth lens medium layer is arranged between the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer, an incident surface of the third lens medium layer is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by the third feed antenna, an incident surface of the fourth lens medium layer is used for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted by the fourth feed antenna, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the first feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the second feed antenna have a first initial phase difference, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the third feed antenna and the electromagnetic waves emitted by the fourth feed antenna have a second initial phase difference, and the first initial phase difference enables electric waves emitted by the emergent surfaces of the first lens and the second lens medium layer to radiate out The magnetic wave is to being close to the direction scanning of first metal level, the second initial phase difference makes the electromagnetic wave that the exit surface radiation of third lens dielectric layer with the fourth lens dielectric layer is to being close to the direction scanning of fifth metal layer, the third metal level is followed the exit direction of exit surface extends, makes the radius of third metal level is greater than the radius of other metal levels.
- The antenna of claim 3, wherein the radii of the first metal layer, the second metal layer, the fourth metal layer and the fifth metal layer are equal and all 84 mm, the radii of the first lens medium layer, the second lens medium layer, the third lens medium layer and the fourth lens medium layer are equal and all 60 mm, the difference between the radius of the third metal layer and the radius of the first metal layer is Δ d, and Δ d is greater than or equal to 16 mm.
- The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each layer of lens medium layer is a cylindrical structure, two bottom surfaces of the cylindrical structure are respectively attached to the metal layers on two sides of the cylindrical structure, and the incident surface and the exit surface are respectively part of the side surfaces of the cylindrical structure.
- The antenna of claim 5, wherein the layers of lens medium are coaxially disposed and have equal diameters and thicknesses.
- The antenna of claim 6, wherein each of the metal layers is a disk-shaped structure, and an axis of each of the metal layers coincides with an axis of the lens medium layer.
- The antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein each metal layer is connected to each lens dielectric layer by a screw extending in an axial direction of the lens dielectric layer.
- The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein each lens dielectric layer is connected with a plurality of feed antennas, and the plurality of feed antennas are distributed along the circumferential direction of the incident surface of the lens dielectric layer.
- A wireless device comprising a baseband, a radio frequency module, a cable, and the antenna of any one of claims 1-9, wherein:the radio frequency module is respectively connected with the baseband and the antenna through the cable;the baseband is used for converting the digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal and sending the intermediate frequency analog signal to the radio frequency module;the radio frequency module is used for converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal and sending the radio frequency signal to the antenna;and the antenna is used for converting the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and radiating the electromagnetic wave signal to a space.
- The wireless device of claim 10, wherein the radio frequency module converting the intermediate frequency analog signal to a radio frequency signal and transmitting to the antenna comprises:converting the intermediate frequency analog signal into a radio frequency signal;sequentially amplifying and filtering the radio frequency signal to obtain a processed radio frequency signal;transmitting the processed radio frequency signal to the antenna;the antenna converting the radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal comprises:converting the processed radio frequency signal into an electromagnetic wave signal.
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| PCT/CN2018/093669 WO2020000364A1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Antenna and wireless device |
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| WO2020000364A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
| CN111052507B (en) | 2021-04-09 |
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