CN115621749A - Reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguide - Google Patents

Reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguide Download PDF

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CN115621749A
CN115621749A CN202211419082.4A CN202211419082A CN115621749A CN 115621749 A CN115621749 A CN 115621749A CN 202211419082 A CN202211419082 A CN 202211419082A CN 115621749 A CN115621749 A CN 115621749A
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parallel plate
waveguide
line source
array
plate waveguide
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吴锡东
雷国清
陈泉水
王成龙
周金芳
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Shandong Xingling Technology Co ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Shandong Xingling Technology Co ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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Abstract

The invention discloses a reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguides, which comprises a first parallel plate waveguide and a second parallel plate waveguide which are sequentially stacked and matched with a corresponding waveguide power division feed network, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide are connected through a reflecting surface array elbow, an input port of the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with an H-plane horn array, an input port of the H-plane array horn is connected with an output port of the waveguide power division feed network, and an output port of the second parallel plate waveguide is connected with a linear elbow. The line source is of a broadband structure, the longitudinal size of the line source can be effectively reduced while the transverse output range is enlarged, the phase is uniformly distributed on a one-dimensional plane, and the amplitude of the plane wave is distributed in a flat-top shape, so that the size and the processing difficulty of the large-caliber array antenna are effectively reduced.

Description

Reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguide
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna feed sources, in particular to a reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguide.
Background
The array antenna has good performance, and is widely applied to the fields of radar, communication, rocker remote measurement, space technology and the like. With the continuous progress of communication systems, low-cost, miniaturized, high-gain, high-efficiency, broadband array antennas are urgently needed in modern communication systems. Conventional array antennas include microstrip array antennas, parabolic antennas, lens antennas, and the like.
The waveguide is a common low-loss transmission line, is an important wave guide device for transmitting electromagnetic waves by adopting a metal tube, and the tube wall of the waveguide is usually made of copper, aluminum or other metal materials. The waveguide has no inner conductor, electromagnetic energy is guided and transmitted in the inner space of the waveguide, and external electromagnetic wave leakage can be prevented. In the design of the antenna and the wire source thereof, the waveguide has stronger practical significance due to the characteristics of low loss and high power capacity. The Parallel Plate Waveguide (PPW) can be obtained by unfolding a one-dimensional Waveguide structure into a two-dimensional structure, and the PPW is composed of two flat plates and has the excellent characteristics of simple structure, low section, small insertion loss and the like. Unlike conventional waveguides, it is capable of transmitting TEM modes, and also has a wider bandwidth. There are few reports of antennas based on two-dimensional PPW structures and their associated theories. The two-dimensional structure has more design freedom for antenna research, so that the problems in the design of the large-aperture antenna can be solved. The ideal PPW structure is not present because the parallel plates require support of the boundary. When a PPW is actually studied, one or more of its boundaries will typically be closed, similar to a waveguide with a cross-section with a long side much larger than a narrow side.
In the design of the parallel plate waveguide array antenna, the line source is often designed. Compared with the open structure of the antenna, the line source is of a closed structure, and the line source can output plane electromagnetic waves distributed in an equal phase position and used for feeding the antenna. The line sources of the conventional waveguide antenna are mainly classified into two types according to the amplitude distribution manner, one is a discrete line source, and the other is a continuous line source. The performance of the line source not only has direct influence on the matching of the antenna, but also has decisive influence on the radiation field gain and the side lobe level of the antenna by the amplitude and phase characteristics of the electromagnetic wave output by the line source, and the size of the line source directly determines the minimum size of the array antenna. Therefore, the design of the line source is critical to obtain good overall antenna performance.
The application number is 201310409126.X discloses a broadband line source for a planar waveguide CTS antenna feeding device, which comprises an H-surface fan-shaped horn antenna, an offset reflecting surface and a planar waveguide, wherein the H-surface fan-shaped horn antenna and the offset reflecting surface are arranged inside the planar waveguide, and the phase center of the H-surface fan-shaped horn antenna is arranged at the focus of the offset reflecting surface. The wide-band line source is characterized in that the horn antenna is arranged at the focus of the reflector, and a field radiated by the horn antenna generates plane waves with equal phase distribution at the aperture surface of the reflector through the reflector. However, this broadband line source has a problem that the overall longitudinal dimension is large, which is disadvantageous for the miniaturization design of the broadband line source.
The Chinese patent with the application number of 201610523014.0 discloses a broadband line source for a planar CTS antenna, which comprises a feed network, a first rectangular waveguide and a plurality of H-surface single-ridge rectangular waveguide T-shaped junctions with the same structure size, wherein the network is a power divider and is formed by sequentially arranging a plurality of H-surface single-ridge rectangular waveguide T-shaped junctions at transverse zero intervals to form an H-surface single-ridge rectangular waveguide T-shaped junction array. The broadband line source uniformly distributes the energy of electromagnetic waves input into the rectangular waveguide to obtain plane waves with equal amplitude distribution and equal phase distribution at the waveguide of the output parallel plate. However, the broadband line source has the following problems: 1. because the line source adopts the power divider, the longitudinal width of the line source is increased by multiple times while the transverse output range is enlarged, and the feed source is not suitable for large-caliber small-size array antennas; 2. in the design process of the array antenna line source, in order to meet the low-sidelobe performance of the antenna, the line source is generally required to be capable of outputting plane waves with the amplitude distributed in a cosine law, the broadband line source can only output plane waves with the uniform-amplitude distribution, and when the broadband line source is used as the line source, the antenna sidelobe is high.
Chinese patent application No. 201621478793.9 discloses an H-plane horn line source, which comprises an input rectangular waveguide, an H-plane horn connected to the input rectangular waveguide, and a metamaterial disposed on the aperture surface of the H-plane horn. The metamaterial comprises a plurality of conductive microstructures, wherein the conductive microstructures are arranged on a substrate in an array mode at one stage. The line source achieves the function of adjusting the equivalent refractive index of electromagnetic waves on a caliber surface through the arrangement of the metamaterial, so that plane waves with equal phase distribution are obtained at an output port. However, the broadband line source has the following problems: 1. the bandwidth of the line source is limited by the bandwidth of the metamaterial, and the designed line source is often a narrow-band line source; 2. the lateral distance of the line source output is limited, and the antenna is not suitable for a large-caliber array antenna.
Therefore, with the wide application of the large-aperture array antenna, the problems of the existing line source technology are as follows: the output transverse size is small, the bandwidth is narrow, the longitudinal size is overlarge, and the output amplitude distribution does not meet the low side lobe characteristic of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical defects in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguide, so as to solve the problems of line source miniaturization, broadband and output amplitude distribution during large-caliber feeding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguides comprises a first parallel plate waveguide and a second parallel plate waveguide which are sequentially stacked and matched with a corresponding waveguide power division feed network, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide are connected through a reflecting surface array elbow, an input port of the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with an output port of an H-plane horn array, an input port of the H-plane horn array is connected with an output port of the waveguide power division feed network, and an output port of the second layer of parallel plate waveguide is connected with a linear elbow. The linear source can increase the transverse output range, effectively reduce the longitudinal size, obtain plane waves with uniformly distributed phases and flat-top distributed amplitude on a one-dimensional plane, and further effectively reduce the volume and the processing difficulty of the large-caliber array antenna.
Furthermore, the reflecting surface array elbow is a cavity structure formed by splicing 2C-shaped structures A and N (N =0,1,2,3 \8230;) C-shaped structures B, the inner wall of the cavity is made of metal materials, and the openings of the C-shaped structures A and B face the inner side of the line source structure and are used for changing the transmission direction and phase distribution of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide. Wherein 2C-shaped structures A are respectively positioned at two sides in the reflecting surface array elbow, and N C-shaped structures B are positioned between the 2C-shaped structures A.
Further, the C-type structures a and B are sequentially arranged along the magnetic field direction, and may be labeled as N (N =1,2, \ 8230; \8230;, N + 2) for the C-type structures from one side of the reflective surface array bend to the other side.
Furthermore, the reflecting surface array elbow is symmetrical about a longitudinal central axis of a line source, and an upper and a lower symmetrical first matching steps are arranged at the positions where the reflecting surface array elbow is contacted with the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide and are used for realizing the steering of the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves.
Further, the transverse direction of the line source is defaulted to the direction of D in fig. 1, and the longitudinal direction of the line source is perpendicular to the direction of the line source length D and parallel to the plane of the line source.
Further, the first matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian, and the first matching step can turn the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave passing through the first parallel plate waveguide by 180 degrees and enter the second parallel plate waveguide.
Furthermore, the rotation radian of the linear elbow in the transverse direction is a straight line, and the linear elbow is composed of an L-shaped corner and a second matching step.
Further, the second matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian, and the second matching step can turn the propagation direction of the plane wave passing through the second parallel plate waveguide by 90 degrees and output the plane wave through the output port.
Further, the longitudinal central axes of the reflecting plane array elbow and the linear elbow are superposed.
Further, the transverse rotating radian of the C-shaped structure A and the C-shaped structure B both satisfy the following formula:
X n 2 ＝4f n Y n ,n＝1,2,…,N+2
wherein, f n To take on a value range of
Figure BDA0003941507590000031
Constant of (A), X n The axis of the arc is tangent to the maximum radian point of the C-shaped structure in the direction of the line source length D, and Y n The axis passes through the maximum radian point of the C-shaped structure and is parallel to the plane of the line source and Y n The axis is directed toward the inside of the line source.
Further, when the number N of the C-shaped structures B is even, the sizes of the C-shaped structures B symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the line source are the same; when the number N of the C-shaped structures B is odd, the sizes of the transition surfaces at two sides of the C-shaped structure B at the center are the same, and the sizes of the rest N-1C-shaped structures B are respectively the same as the sizes of the C-shaped structures B which are symmetrical relative to the longitudinal central axis of the line source
Further, the transverse dimensions of the C-shaped structures A and the C-shaped structures B are respectively D 1 And D 2 By adjusting D 1 And D 2 The adjustment of the amplitude distribution of the electromagnetic waves output by the line source can be realized.
Further, the N C-shaped structures B have a transverse dimension D 2 May be the same or different, depending on the design.
Further, H face loudspeaker array comprises 2H face loudspeaker A and N H face loudspeaker B, and wherein 2H face loudspeaker A are located both sides respectively in H face loudspeaker array, and N H face loudspeaker B are located between 2H face loudspeaker A. The adjacent H-face horns are transited through a transition face which is spliced by two or more inclined planes with different slopes.
Furthermore, the H-plane horn array is symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the line source, and the upper wide surface and the lower wide surface of the H-plane horn array are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the first parallel plate waveguide.
Furthermore, the opening of the H-plane horn array faces the direction of the reflecting plane array elbow, and the electromagnetic waves radiated from the output port of the horn array are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis.
Further, the H-plane horn a is composed of 2 transition planes and 2 planes, wherein the direction of the transition planes is the direction of an electric field, and the direction of the planes is the direction of a magnetic field; the transition surface on the outer side is an inclined surface with a constant slope, the transition surface on the inner side is a surface formed by splicing two or more inclined surfaces with different slopes from front to back, and two adjacent inclined surfaces can be directly connected or a plane perpendicular to the direction of the line source length D can be added between the two adjacent inclined surfaces.
Furthermore, the upper and lower wide surfaces of the H-plane horn a are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the first parallel plate waveguide, respectively. The opening of the H-plane horn A faces to the direction of the C-shaped structure A of the reflecting plane array elbow. The beam width of the output cylindrical wave can be adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the horn. The two sides of the H-face horn A are asymmetric. The opening of the H-plane horn A is larger than lambda, wherein lambda is the waveguide wavelength of the highest frequency transmission electromagnetic wave.
Further, the H-plane horn B is composed of 2 transition planes and 2 planes, wherein the direction of the transition planes is the direction of an electric field, and the direction of the planes is the direction of a magnetic field; the transition surfaces on the two sides are surfaces formed by splicing two or more inclined surfaces with different slopes back and forth, but the specific sizes of the transition surfaces on the two sides are determined by specific design and can be the same or different.
Furthermore, the upper and lower wide surfaces of the H-plane horn B are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the first parallel plate waveguide, respectively. And the opening of the H-plane horn B faces to the direction of the C-shaped structure B of the reflecting plane array elbow. The beam width of the output cylindrical wave can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the opening of the horn. The H-face horn B can be symmetrical or asymmetrical on two sides. The opening of the H-plane horn B is larger than lambda, wherein lambda is the waveguide wavelength of the highest frequency transmission electromagnetic wave.
Further, when the number N of the H-face horns B is an even number, the H-face horns B symmetric about the longitudinal central axis of the line source have the same size; when the number N of the H-face horns B is an odd number, the sizes of the transition surfaces at two sides of the H-face horn B at the center are the same, and the sizes of the rest N-1H-face horns B are respectively the same as the sizes of the H-face horns B which are symmetrical relative to the longitudinal central axis of the line source.
Further, the number of the C-shaped structures B in the reflecting surface array elbow is equal to the number of the H-face horns B in the H-face horn array.
Further, 2+ N input ports of the H-face horn array are connected with 2+ N output ports of the waveguide power division feed network, the waveguide power division feed network is symmetrical along a longitudinal central axis of the line source, and an upper wide face and a lower wide face of the output port of the waveguide feed network are connected with an upper wide face and a lower wide face of the input port of the H-face horn array respectively.
Further, the waveguide power division feed network is composed of a waveguide power division structure of one division 2+ n, and if the waveguide power division structure is realized by using ridge waveguides and single ridge waveguides, or the waveguide size of the power division network is not consistent with the size of the input port of the H-plane horn array, a corresponding waveguide transition structure needs to be added to realize the transition from the waveguide power division feed network to the input port of the H-plane horn array.
Further, the waveguide power division feed network may be a broadband structure or a narrowband structure.
Further, the waveguide power dividing structure may be a one-stage power dividing structure or a multi-stage power dividing structure. Moreover, the waveguide power dividing structure can be composed of only an equal power divider or a mixture of an equal power divider and an unequal power divider. Further, the waveguide power division feed network may be disposed on a layer where the H-plane horn array is located or may be disposed on a layer below the layer where the H-plane horn array is located, and when the waveguide power division feed network is disposed on the layer below the layer where the H-plane horn array is located, a corresponding matching step needs to be matched to implement turning transition from an output port of the waveguide power division feed network to an input port of the H-plane horn array.
Furthermore, the output port of the second parallel plate waveguide is arranged right above the second parallel plate waveguide and is used for connecting a parallel feed, a series feed network or a radiation structure such as a CTS antenna and the like which need a plane wave feed source antenna, and directly radiating electromagnetic waves.
Further, the first parallel-plate waveguide and the second parallel-plate waveguide are separated by a metal thin plate. The upper, lower and side walls of the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide are made of metal conductors, and wave-absorbing materials can be attached to the side walls.
Further, the first parallel-plate waveguide and the second parallel-plate waveguide may be replaced by a substrate integrated waveguide.
The invention also provides an antenna comprising a source of parallel plate waveguide based reflective surface array lines of any of the forms described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention has simple line source design, lower section and easy processing, and can effectively reduce the overall longitudinal size of the line source under the condition of large-caliber transverse output, thereby further reducing the overall size of the large-caliber array antenna.
2. The broadband array antenna adopts the parallel plate waveguide as the main structure of the line source, and can realize the broadband line source by adopting the broadband waveguide power dividing feed network, thereby being widely applied to the feed source of the broadband array antenna.
3. The line source output amplitude distribution is in a flat-top shape, and when the line source output amplitude distribution is used for an array antenna feed source, the performance requirement of low side lobes can be met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a perspective schematic view of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side sectional view of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a power-dividing feed network of a first layer of parallel plate waveguides and broadband ridge waveguides of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second layer of parallel plate waveguides of a broadband line source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side sectional view of another embodiment of a broadband line source according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a first layer of parallel plate waveguides and a broadband ridge waveguide power division feeding network of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention;
figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second layer of parallel plate waveguides of a broadband line source according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, 8230; etc.) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used for explaining the relative positional relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the figure), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between the embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of the technical solutions by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory to each other or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the parallel plate waveguide-based reflection plane array line source of the embodiment of the present invention mainly comprises two first parallel plate waveguides 5, a second parallel plate waveguide 6 and a corresponding broadband ridge waveguide power division feed network 1, which are sequentially stacked. The first parallel plate waveguide 5 and the second parallel plate waveguide 6 are connected through the reflecting surface array elbow 3. The input port of the first parallel plate waveguide 5 is connected with the output port of the H-plane horn array 2, and the input port of the H-plane horn array 2 is connected with the output port of the broadband ridge waveguide power division feed network 1. The output port of the second parallel plate waveguide 6 is connected with the linear elbow 4. The line source is of a broadband structure, the longitudinal size of the line source is effectively reduced while the transverse output range can be enlarged, the phase is uniformly distributed on a one-dimensional plane, and the amplitude of the plane wave is distributed in a flat-top shape, so that the size and the processing difficulty of the large-caliber array antenna are effectively reduced.
By adjusting the longitudinal position of each H-face horn in the H-face horn array 2 and the phase center of the cylindrical wave, the rotating radians of the C-shaped structure A and the C-shaped structure B in the reflecting face array elbow 3 are adjusted, so that the cylindrical wave generated by the H-face horns passes through the first parallel plate waveguide 5 and the reflecting face array elbow 3, and the planar waves with equal phases and horizontally flattop-shaped distribution amplitudes can be obtained in the second parallel plate waveguide 6. In the embodiment, rectangular waveguide is adopted for feeding, the overall profile is a metal cuboid, and the inner hollow part is a broadband ridge waveguide power division feeding network and a parallel plate waveguide cavity structure. Electromagnetic waves are fed in through rectangular waveguide ports on the side faces, the H-face horn array 2 is fed through the broadband ridge waveguide power distribution feed network 1, cylindrical waves in the H-face horn array 2 are converged after being transmitted to a parallel plate waveguide cavity in the front portion of the reflecting face array elbow 3, the converged electromagnetic waves are reflected by a first matching step 16 on the reflecting face array elbow 3 and then turn 180 degrees to reach a second parallel plate waveguide 6, and the converged electromagnetic waves are reflected by a second matching step 17 on the linear elbow 4 and then turn 90 degrees to output plane waves. The input electromagnetic wave mode is a TE10 mode of a standard rectangular waveguide, the output electromagnetic wave mode is a quasi-TEM mode of a parallel plate waveguide, the electric field amplitude of the output quasi-TEM mode in the transverse direction of the whole structure is distributed in a flat-top shape, and the electric field phase is distributed in an equiphase mode.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the parallel plate waveguide cavity is mainly composed of an H-plane horn array 2, a first parallel plate waveguide 5, a second parallel plate waveguide 6, a reflecting plane array bend 3, and a linear bend 4 when viewed from the side. The H-plane horn array 2 has the same horizontal height as the first parallel plate waveguide 5 and the second parallel plate waveguide 6, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide 5 and the second parallel plate waveguide 6 are arranged in parallel, and the first parallel plate waveguide 5 and the second parallel plate waveguide 6 are separated by a metal sheet 15 in the vertical direction. One end of the first parallel plate waveguide 5 is connected with the H-plane horn array 2; the other end of the first parallel plate waveguide 5 is connected with one end of the second parallel plate waveguide 6 through the reflecting surface array elbow 3, the upper surface and the lower surface of the reflecting surface array elbow 3 are provided with two triangular first matching steps 16, electromagnetic waves fed in by the first parallel plate waveguide 5 pass through the reflecting surface array elbow 3, the propagation direction of the plane waves is turned by 180 degrees, and the electromagnetic waves reach the second parallel plate waveguide 6; the second parallel plate waveguide 6 is connected with the output port through the linear elbow 4, the plane wave fed in by the second parallel plate waveguide 6 passes through the linear elbow 4, and the propagation direction of the plane wave turns 90 degrees to reach the output port.
Specifically, the reflecting surface array elbow 3 is a cavity structure formed by splicing 2C-type structures a 13 and 2C-type structures B14. Wherein 2C-shaped structures a are respectively located at both sides in the reflective surface array elbow, and 2C-shaped structures B are located between 2C-shaped structures a, as shown in fig. 3.
Specifically, the transverse rotation radian of the C-shaped structure A13 and the C-shaped structure B14 both satisfy the formula X n 2 ＝4f n Y n (n =1,2,3,4), wherein: f. of n To take on a value range of
Figure BDA0003941507590000071
Constant of (A), X n The axis is tangent to the maximum point of the radian of the C-shaped structure in the direction of the line source length D, and Y is n The axis passes through the maximum radian point of the C-shaped structure and is parallel to the plane of the line source and Y n The axis is oriented in the forward direction of the line source. By adjusting D as shown in FIG. 1 1 And D 2 The adjustment of the amplitude distribution of the line source can be realized, and further the aperture efficiency and the side lobe level of the line source can be adjusted. In this embodiment, the obtained parameters are selected for optimization, so that a better transmission effect and a required output plane wave can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 3, the broadband ridge waveguide power division feed network 1 is composed of 1 one- half power divider 7 and 2 one-half power dividers 8. The input electromagnetic wave passes through a one-and-two-halving power divider 7 to obtain two paths of equal power signals, and the two paths of equal power signals pass through 2 one-and-two-halving power dividers 8 respectively to obtain four paths of equal power signals. The broadband ridge waveguide power division feed network 1 can realize equal-amplitude different-phase feed to the H-plane horn array 2 in a mode of cascading an equal-division power divider and an unequal-division power divider, so that the amplitude distribution of the line source is adjusted, and further, the aperture efficiency and the side lobe level of the line source are controlled.
Specifically, H face loudspeaker array 2 comprises 2H face loudspeaker A and 2H face loudspeaker B, and wherein 2H face loudspeaker A are located both sides respectively in H face loudspeaker array 2, and 2H face loudspeaker B are located between 2H face loudspeaker A.
Specifically, the number of C-shaped structures B in the reflecting surface array elbow 3 is equal to the number of H-face horns B in the H-face horn array.
Specifically, the H-plane horn a is composed of an outer transition surface 9, an inner transition surface 10, and 2 planes. The outer transition surface 9 is formed by an inclined surface with a constant slope, and the inner transition surface 10 is formed by 2 inclined surfaces with different slopes. The direction of the inclined plane is the direction of an electric field, the direction of the plane is the direction of a magnetic field, and the plane is in contact with the upper surface and the lower surface of the parallel plate waveguide. The input port of the H-face horn A is arranged along the central axis passing through the most salient point of the radian curve of the C-shaped structure A13, and the input port of the H-face horn A is connected with the output port of the halving power divider 8.
Specifically, the H-plane horn B is composed of a transition surface 11, a transition surface 12, and 2 planes. Wherein the transition surface 11 and the transition surface 12 are composed of 2 inclined surfaces with different slopes. The direction of the inclined plane is the direction of an electric field, the direction of the plane is the direction of a magnetic field, and the plane is in contact with the upper surface and the lower surface of the parallel plate waveguide. The input port of the H-face horn B is arranged along the central axis passing through the most salient point of the C-shaped structure B14 radian curve, and the input port of the H-face horn B is connected with the output port of the halving power divider 8. The specific dimensions of the transition surfaces 11 and 12 may be the same or different, and are determined by design considerations. The opening direction of the horn is the reflecting surface array elbow 3, the opening size of the horn is larger than lambda (lambda is the waveguide wavelength of the highest frequency transmission electromagnetic wave), and the output beam width can be adjusted by adjusting the opening size of the horn.
Based on the principle, the broadband ridge waveguide power distribution feed network can be arranged on the layer below the layer where the H-face horn array is located according to the requirement and can be designed into a three-layer structure, the principle of the broadband ridge waveguide power distribution feed network is similar to that of the structure, and only a corresponding elbow needs to be added between the broadband ridge waveguide power distribution feed network and the input port of the H-face horn array, so that the broadband ridge waveguide power distribution feed network is effectively connected with the H-face horn array. At this time, the line source can be further reduced in the longitudinal dimension while ensuring the lateral direction is unchanged. Moreover, other waveguide structures can be used to realize the broadband power division feed network. In addition, the number N of the C-shaped structures B in the reflecting surface array elbow and the number N of the H-face horns B in the H-face horn array can be increased or decreased after balancing according to the selection of the ratio of the transverse dimension and the longitudinal dimension of the line source and the complexity of the waveguide power dividing feed network. As shown in fig. 5-8, the value of N may be zero, and at this time, only the C-shaped structure a and the H-face horn a are provided, and the ratio of the transverse dimension to the longitudinal dimension of the corresponding line source is reduced, but the broadband waveguide power division feeding network is simpler. Certainly, the transverse line size of the line source can be increased under the condition that the longitudinal size of the line source is not changed by increasing N, the ratio of the transverse size to the longitudinal size is increased, and the miniaturization of the line source is facilitated, but the corresponding broadband waveguide power division feed network becomes more complex, so that the balance needs to be carried out according to the selection of the ratio of the transverse size to the longitudinal size of the line source and the complexity of the broadband waveguide power division feed network.
The above are specific embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make the broadband line source of the present embodiment by applying the method disclosed in the present invention and some alternative ways without creative efforts. The linear source is suitable for being used as a line source of a large-caliber broadband array antenna.
The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The reflecting surface array line source based on the parallel plate waveguide is characterized by comprising a first parallel plate waveguide, a second parallel plate waveguide and a corresponding waveguide power division feed network which are sequentially stacked, wherein the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide are connected through a reflecting surface array elbow, an output port of the second parallel plate waveguide is connected with a linear elbow, an input port of the first parallel plate waveguide is connected with an output port of an H-plane horn array, and an input port of the H-plane horn array is connected with an output port of the waveguide power division feed network.
2. The parallel plate waveguide-based reflecting surface array line source according to claim 1, wherein the H-plane horn array is composed of 2H-plane horns A and N H-plane horns B, wherein the H-plane horns A are respectively positioned at two sides in the H-plane horn array, and the H-plane horns B are positioned between the H-plane horns A; the H-face horn A and the H-face horn B are sequentially arranged along the direction of the magnetic field;
the H-plane horn array is symmetrical about a longitudinal central axis of the line source, and the upper wide surface and the lower wide surface of the H-plane horn array are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the first parallel plate waveguide;
the longitudinal direction of the line source is the direction which is vertical to the direction of the length D of the line source and parallel to the plane of the line source;
the opening of the H-plane horn array faces the direction of the reflecting plane array elbow, and electromagnetic waves radiated by the output port of the horn array are symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis.
3. The parallel plate waveguide-based reflecting surface array line source according to claim 2, wherein the H-plane horn a is composed of 2 transition surfaces and 2 planes, wherein the direction of the transition surfaces is the direction of an electric field, and the direction of the planes is the direction of a magnetic field; the transition surface at the outer side is an inclined surface with a constant slope, the transition surface at the inner side is a surface formed by splicing two or more inclined surfaces with different slopes back and forth, and the two adjacent inclined surfaces can be directly connected or a plane perpendicular to the direction of the line source length D can be added between the two adjacent inclined surfaces.
4. The parallel plate waveguide-based reflecting surface array line source according to claim 2, wherein the H-plane horn B is composed of 2 transition surfaces and 2 planes, wherein the direction of the transition surfaces is the direction of an electric field, and the direction of the planes is the direction of a magnetic field; the transition surfaces on the two sides are surfaces formed by splicing two or more inclined surfaces with different slopes back and forth, but the specific sizes of the transition surfaces on the two sides are determined by specific design and can be the same or different;
when the number N of the H-face loudspeakers B is even, the H-face loudspeakers B symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the line source have the same size; when the number N of the H-face horns B is an odd number, the sizes of the transition surfaces at two sides of the H-face horn B at the center are the same, and the sizes of the rest N-1H-face horns B are respectively the same as the sizes of the H-face horns B which are symmetrical relative to the longitudinal central axis of the line source.
5. The reflecting surface array line source based on the parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reflecting surface array elbow is composed of 2C-shaped structures A and N C-shaped structures B, the inner wall of the cavity is made of metal material, the opening of the C-shaped structure faces to the inner side of the line source structure and is used for changing the transmission direction and phase distribution of electromagnetic waves in the waveguide; the C-shaped structures A are positioned on two sides in the reflecting surface array elbow, and the C-shaped structures B are positioned between the C-shaped structures A; the C-shaped structures A and the C-shaped structures B are sequentially arranged along the direction of a magnetic field, and the C-shaped structures are marked as N from one side to the other side of the reflecting surface array elbow, wherein N =1,2, \ 8230, and N +2;
the reflecting surface array elbow is symmetrical about a longitudinal central axis of a line source, and an upper and a lower symmetrical first matching steps are arranged at the positions where the reflecting surface array elbow is contacted with the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide and are used for realizing the steering of the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves;
the first matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian, and the first matching step can turn the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave passing through the first parallel plate waveguide by 180 degrees and enter the second parallel plate waveguide;
the rotary radian of the linear elbow in the transverse direction is a straight line, and the linear elbow is composed of an L-shaped corner and a second matching step;
the second matching step is a rectangular step or a triangular step with a certain radian, and can enable the plane wave propagation direction passing through the second parallel plate waveguide to turn 90 degrees and output through the output port;
the longitudinal central axes of the reflecting plane array elbow and the linear elbow are superposed.
6. The parallel plate waveguide-based line source of reflective surface arrays according to claim 5, wherein the radian of the lateral rotation of said C-shaped structures A and B satisfies the following formula:
X n 2 ＝4f n Y n ,n＝1,2,…,N+2
wherein f is n To take on a value range of
Figure FDA0003941507580000021
Constant of (a), X n The axis is tangent to the maximum point of the radian of the C-shaped structure in the direction of the line source length D, and Y is n The axis passes through the maximum radian point of the C-shaped structure and is parallel to the plane of the line source and Y n The positive direction of the axis points to the inside of the line source;
when the number N of the C-shaped structures B is even, the sizes of the C-shaped structures B which are symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the line source are the same; and when the number N of the C-shaped structures B is an odd number, the sizes of the two sides of the C-shaped structure B at the center are the same, and the sizes of the rest N-1C-shaped structures B are respectively the same as the sizes of the C-shaped structures B which are symmetrical about the longitudinal central axis of the line source.
7. The parallel plate waveguide based line source of reflective surface arrays according to claim 1, wherein the first and second parallel plate waveguides are separated by a thin metal plate; the upper, lower and side walls of the first parallel plate waveguide and the second parallel plate waveguide adopt metal conductors, and wave-absorbing materials are adhered to the side walls.
8. The reflecting surface array line source based on the parallel plate waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waveguide power dividing feed network is arranged along a longitudinal central axis of the line source, and the upper and lower wide surfaces are respectively connected with the upper and lower surfaces of the input port of the H-plane horn array;
the waveguide power division feed network can be arranged on a layer where the H-face horn array is located or on a layer below the layer where the H-face horn array is located, and an input port of the waveguide power division feed network is connected with the rectangular waveguide;
the rectangular waveguide is arranged along the longitudinal central axis of the line source, and the upper wide surface and the lower wide surface of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with the upper wide surface and the lower wide surface of the input port of the waveguide power division feed network; the main mode of the rectangular waveguide is a TE10 mode;
the first parallel plate waveguide, the second parallel plate waveguide and the waveguide power dividing feed network can be replaced by a substrate integrated waveguide.
9. The parallel plate waveguide-based line source of a reflective surface array according to claim 1, wherein the output port of the second parallel plate waveguide is disposed right above the second parallel plate waveguide for connecting a CTS antenna.
10. An antenna comprising a parallel plate waveguide based line of reflection surface array according to any of claims 1 to 9.
CN202211419082.4A 2022-11-14 2022-11-14 Reflecting surface array line source based on parallel plate waveguide Pending CN115621749A (en)

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