CN115939768A - Gap waveguide slot antenna and angle radar - Google Patents
Gap waveguide slot antenna and angle radar Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a gap waveguide slot antenna and an angle radar. The antenna includes: the waveguide structure comprises a plurality of radiation gaps and gap waveguides, wherein the gap waveguides are coupled with the radiation gaps, the radiation gaps are arranged in a collinear mode, waveguide ridges are arranged in the gap waveguides, the waveguide ridges and the radiation gaps are arranged at intervals, the waveguide ridges are bent in a staggered mode along the collinear direction of the radiation gaps, in addition, the bending points of the waveguide ridges correspond to the gaps between the adjacent radiation gaps and the two ends of the whole radiation gaps in the collinear direction, and the bending directions of the waveguide ridges corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps are opposite. The gap waveguide slot antenna has the advantages of no dielectric loss, high working efficiency and low cost, can reduce the antenna processing difficulty, can realize large-scale mass production, and can realize the performance of radiating slot co-directional excitation and low side lobe.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a gap waveguide slot antenna and an angle radar.
Background
With the development of antenna technology, the application of the antenna technology is more and more extensive, wherein a radar is an important application field of the antenna, and most of the mainstream radars adopt a planar printed antenna manufactured by a high-frequency dielectric plate, but because the dielectric constant of the dielectric plate can fluctuate to a certain extent along with the influence of a processing process, especially a millimeter wave frequency band can cause the deflection of an antenna pitching wave beam, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced.
Therefore, the conventional technology tries to apply the waveguide antenna in the radar field, the waveguide antenna is not affected by the high-frequency dielectric slab compared with the printed antenna, however, on the waveguide antenna in millimeter wave frequency band and the like, the waveguide antenna is not suitable for mass production at present due to small size and high requirement on processing precision, and the low side lobe of the antenna is adjusted by the distance of the radiation gap far away from the waveguide center, so that the waveguide antenna is more difficult to process, and when the radiation gap is far away from the waveguide center, the antenna is also easy to have the phenomenon of grating lobe outside the main plane.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a gap waveguide slot antenna and an angle radar that can improve antenna performance, reduce processing difficulty, and are suitable for mass production.
In a first aspect, there is provided a gap waveguide slot antenna comprising: a plurality of radiation slots, gap waveguides, the gap waveguides coupled with the radiation slots;
the plurality of radiation gaps are arranged in a collinear mode, the gap waveguide is internally provided with waveguide ridges, the waveguide ridges and the radiation gaps are arranged at intervals, the waveguide ridges are bent in a staggered mode along the collinear direction of the radiation gaps, in the collinear direction, the bending points of the waveguide ridges correspond to the gaps between the adjacent radiation gaps and the two ends of the whole radiation gap, and the bending directions of the waveguide ridges corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps are opposite.
In one embodiment, the angle of inclination of the continuous bends of the waveguide ridges is in a taylor or chebyshev distribution with respect to the collinear direction.
In one embodiment, the gap waveguide comprises a cover plate and a base plate, the radiation gap is arranged on the cover plate, and the waveguide ridge is arranged on the base plate.
In one embodiment, the optical fiber coupler further comprises a power feeding switching part, a transmission port corresponding to the power feeding switching part is formed in the bottom plate, the power feeding switching part is vertically connected with the gap waveguide through the transmission port, and the waveguide ridge is coupled with the power feeding switching part.
In one embodiment, the end of the waveguide ridge coupled with the feed adaptor is provided with a metal block for impedance matching, and the waveguide ridge is coupled with the feed adaptor through the metal block.
In one embodiment, a plurality of metal columns are arranged on the bottom plate, the metal columns are periodically arranged around the waveguide ridge, the metal columns and the cover plate are arranged at intervals, and the metal columns at two ends of the waveguide ridge are in a multi-row structure.
In one embodiment, the distance between adjacent inflection points in the collinear direction is equal to the distance between the midpoints of adjacent radiation slits.
In one embodiment, the distance between the midpoints of adjacent radiation slots is the waveguide wavelength of a half-gap waveguide.
In one embodiment, the waveguide ridge is spaced from the radiating slot by less than one quarter of the antenna operating wavelength.
In a second aspect, there is provided a vehicle angle radar comprising the gap waveguide slot antenna of any one of the above embodiments.
The gap waveguide slot antenna and the angle radar at least have the following beneficial effects:
1) The antenna radiation is realized based on the gap waveguide and the radiation gaps which are arranged in a collinear manner, wherein the gap waveguide is matched with the radiation gaps, no dielectric loss exists, the working efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the staggered and bent waveguide ridges are adopted in the gap waveguide, so that the amplitude and the phase of the radiation gaps can be controlled through the bending direction and the inclination angle of the waveguide ridges, compared with the traditional method that the distance from the center of the waveguide to the center of the gap is close to the distance to control the antenna, the antenna processing precision requirement is greatly reduced, the antenna is suitable for large-scale mass production, the problem that the antenna is easy to have a grating lobe out of a main plane when the gap is far away from the center of the waveguide in the traditional method is solved, meanwhile, in the collinear direction, the bending point of the waveguide ridge corresponds to the gap between the adjacent radiation gaps and the two ends of the integral radiation gap, the bending direction of the waveguide ridge corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps is opposite, so that the adjacent radiation gaps generate 90-degree phase shift, the same-direction excitation of the radiation gaps is realized, and the radiation gain of the antenna is greatly improved;
2) The inclination angle of the continuous bending of the waveguide ridge is controlled to be in Taylor distribution or Chebyshev distribution, so that the performance of the low side lobe of the antenna can be ensured, the antenna has good anti-interference capability, and the working performance of the antenna is ensured to be stable;
3) The feed switching part is vertically connected with the gap waveguide to form a vertical feed structure, so that the influence of a related feed circuit on an antenna can be effectively reduced, and in addition, the transmission efficiency of signals can be effectively ensured by arranging a metal block for impedance matching at the coupling end of the waveguide ridge and the feed switching part;
4) The metal columns which are periodically arranged are arranged on the peripheral side of the waveguide ridge to form a metal shielding cavity, so that energy leakage is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the conventional technologies of the present application, the drawings used in the descriptions of the embodiments or the conventional technologies will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following descriptions are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a gap waveguide slot antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cover plate structure of a gap waveguide slot antenna according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a backplane structure of a gap waveguide slot antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of an embodiment of a gap waveguide slot antenna;
FIG. 5 is a radiation pattern of a gap waveguide slot antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph of return loss characteristics of a gap waveguide slot antenna in one embodiment;
description of reference numerals:
1. a radiation gap; 2. a gap waveguide; 21. a waveguide ridge; 22. a base plate; 23. a cover plate; 24. a transfer port; 25. a metal block; 26. a metal post; 27. an air layer; 28. a shielding groove; 3. a power feed switching part.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present application are set forth in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Spatially relative terms, such as "under," "below," "beneath," "under," "above," "over," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. Further, "connection" in the following embodiments is understood to mean "electrical connection", "communication connection", or the like, if there is a transfer of electrical signals or data between the connected objects.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" or "including," etc., specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Also, as used in this specification, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.
As described in the background art, the waveguide antenna in the prior art has the main problems of small size, high requirement on processing precision and unsuitability for mass production, and the inventor researches and discovers that the problems occur because the antenna performance is conventionally adjusted by the distance between the radiation gap and the waveguide center, on one hand, due to the structural design, the distance between the radiation gap and the waveguide center in the processing process is difficult to accurately control, so that the antenna is difficult to accurately process, and on the other hand, due to the structural design, when the distance between the gap and the center is far, the antenna is easy to generate a grating lobe phenomenon outside the main plane, so that the antenna performance is directly influenced. Therefore, it is difficult to mass-produce the waveguide antenna in a large scale for application to the field of radar, etc., and a planar printed antenna having a high price and a large loss of the dielectric plate is selected.
Based on the reasons, the invention provides a gap waveguide slot antenna scheme, which can be applied to the fields of radars and the like, particularly millimeter wave frequency band radars, has the characteristics of no dielectric plate loss, high transmission efficiency, low processing difficulty, easiness in mass production and the like, and provides a new solution for antennas of equipment such as automobiles and aircrafts in the future.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a gap waveguide slot antenna including: the waveguide structure comprises a plurality of radiation gaps 1 and gap waveguides 2, wherein the gap waveguides 2 are coupled with the radiation gaps 1;
the plurality of radiation gaps 1 are arranged in a collinear mode, the gap waveguide 2 is internally provided with waveguide ridges 21, the waveguide ridges 21 and the radiation gaps 1 are arranged at intervals, the waveguide ridges 21 are bent in a staggered mode along the collinear direction of the radiation gaps 1, in the collinear direction, the bent points of the waveguide ridges 21 correspond to the gaps between the adjacent radiation gaps 1 and the two ends of the whole radiation gap 1, and the bent directions of the waveguide ridges 21 corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps 1 are opposite.
The gap waveguide slot antenna is based on a gap waveguide, wherein the gap waveguide is a non-contact electromagnetic band gap structure, and the slot antenna is an antenna structure which radiates through a slot formed in a conductor surface.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the radiation slot 1 of the present embodiment is a slot formed on a conductor plane, the conductor plane is generally a metal plate, and a slot is formed on the metal plate to form the radiation slot 1, wherein the radiation slots 1 of the present embodiment are arranged collinearly, that is, arranged sequentially along the same direction. Further, the radiation gaps 1 can be arranged in a collinear mode in the direction of the central axis of the metal plate, and therefore production and processing difficulty and cost are effectively reduced.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the gap waveguide of the present embodiment is implemented based on the waveguide ridge 21 by providing a metal ridge, i.e., the waveguide ridge 21, on the surface of the slab waveguide and laying out the electromagnetic band gap around it to form the gap waveguide such that the electromagnetic wave is transmitted along the routing direction of the waveguide ridge 21.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in order to match the radiation slits 1 arranged collinearly, the waveguide ridge 21 of the present embodiment is disposed along the collinear direction of the radiation slits 1 and bent back and forth in the direction perpendicular to the collinear direction to form a staggered bending structure, and the mechanism can control the electromagnetic intensity radiated by the radiation slits 1 coupled thereto to have different amplitudes and phases by controlling the bending direction and the tilt angle of the waveguide ridge 21.
Compare by the gap with the tradition and keep away from waveguide center distance near-far control antenna, the radiation gap adopts the collineation to arrange and has reduced the processing degree of difficulty to control the radiation of gap antenna through buckling of waveguide spine, further reduced antenna machining precision requirement, make it can large-scale volume production, simultaneously, also avoided in the tradition when the skew waveguide center distance of gap is far away, the antenna is easy to appear the problem of grating lamella outside the principal plane.
Further, referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the collinear direction of the radiation slits 1, the bending points at the two ends of the waveguide ridge 21 correspond to the two ends of the whole radiation slit 1, and the bending point in the middle of the waveguide ridge 21 corresponds to the gap between the adjacent radiation slits 1, that is, each radiation slit 1 corresponds to one section of waveguide ridge 21 in the collinear direction, one bending point is arranged between each section of waveguide ridge 21, and the waveguide ridge 21 changes the bending direction only at the bending point. Moreover, in this embodiment, the bending directions of the waveguide ridges 21 corresponding to the adjacent radiation slots 1 are opposite, that is, the bending directions are opposite to the direction of the collinear direction, for example, the waveguide ridge 21 corresponding to the previous radiation slot 1 is inclined from bottom to top relative to the collinear direction, and then the waveguide ridge 21 corresponding to the next radiation slot 1 is inclined from top to bottom relative to the collinear direction, so that the radiation of the adjacent radiation slots 1 generates a 90-degree phase shift, and thus all the radiation slots 1 are excited in the same direction, and the radiation gain of the antenna is greatly improved.
In addition, compared with a microstrip antenna and a substrate integrated waveguide, the gap waveguide slot antenna has the advantages of no dielectric loss, no need of a high-frequency dielectric plate, low cost, no need of seamless welding of an upper metal plate, a lower metal plate and a side wall, low processing difficulty and suitability for large-scale mass production.
In one embodiment, the angle of inclination of the continuous bends of the waveguide ridges is in a taylor or chebyshev distribution with respect to the collinear direction.
Specifically, the inclination angle of the continuous bending of the waveguide ridge is the included angle between the inclination direction of the waveguide ridge and the collinear direction, wherein the inclination angle of the waveguide ridge is in taylor distribution or chebyshev distribution so as to realize the performance of low sidelobe of the antenna, so that the antenna has good anti-interference capability and the working performance of the antenna is stable;
in one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the gap waveguide 2 comprises a cover plate 23 and a base plate 22, the radiation slot 1 being provided on the cover plate 23 and the waveguide ridge 21 being provided on the base plate 22.
Specifically, the cover plate 23 and the bottom plate 22 are metal plates, the cover plate 23 is grooved to form the radiation slot 1, the bottom plate 22 is provided with the waveguide ridge 21, wherein the cover plate 23 and the bottom plate 22 are arranged at an interval, and an air layer 27 is arranged between the waveguide ridge 21 and the cover plate 23 on the bottom plate 22 to space the cover plate 23 and the bottom plate 22 and space the radiation slot 1 and the waveguide ridge 21.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the bottom plate 22 is provided with metal posts 26 located on the periphery of the waveguide ridge 21, the metal posts 26 are periodically arranged around the waveguide ridge 21 to form shielding slots 28, so as to avoid energy leakage, meanwhile, multiple rows of metal posts 26 are provided at the end of the gap waveguide 2 away from the feeding end to form a short-circuit surface of the gap waveguide 2, and multiple rows of metal posts 26 are also provided on the periphery of the feeding end of the gap waveguide 2 to enhance the energy shielding effect. In some embodiments, the distance between the central points of the adjacent metal pillars is close to 2 times of the width of the metal pillars to ensure the shielding effect, meanwhile, the vertical width of the cavity surrounded by the metal pillars in the collinear direction can be initially set by referring to the waveguide size corresponding to the working frequency band of the antenna, and the vertical width of the embodiment adopts approximately one-half of the working wavelength of the antenna, so that the structure arrangement is facilitated.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 3, and 4, the optical fiber connector further includes a feed adaptor 3, a transmission port 24 corresponding to the feed adaptor 3 is formed on the bottom plate 22, the feed adaptor 3 is perpendicularly connected to the gap waveguide 2 through the transmission port 24, and the waveguide ridge 21 is coupled to the feed adaptor 3.
Specifically, the feed adaptor of this embodiment is used for adapting a gap waveguide to external feed, and may adopt a standard rectangular waveguide to adapt a gap waveguide for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, where the rectangular waveguide is usually a regular metal waveguide made of a metal material, having a rectangular cross section, and filled with an air medium inside, and may also adopt other waveguides, where, taking the rectangular waveguide as an example, a rectangular groove is formed on the bottom plate at a position corresponding to a feed end of the gap waveguide to serve as a transmission port connected to the rectangular waveguide, the size of the transmission port is consistent with the aperture of the rectangular waveguide under the bottom plate, and metal pillars periodically arranged are also arranged around the transmission port to form a metal shielding cavity to avoid energy leakage. Furthermore, the rectangular waveguide is vertically connected with the gap waveguide through the transmission port, so that a multilayer waveguide vertical connection mode between the antenna and the related feed circuit is realized, the related feed circuit can feed in a micro-strip feeding mode, an electromagnetic coupling mode and the like, and particularly, the related feed circuit is arranged on the back sides of the gap waveguide and the gap antenna in a vertical connection mode, so that the influence of the related feed circuit on the antenna can be effectively reduced, and the stable performance of the antenna is ensured.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the end of the waveguide ridge 21 coupled to the feed adaptor 3 is provided with a metal block 25 for impedance matching, and the waveguide ridge 21 is coupled to the feed adaptor 3 via the metal block 25.
Specifically, the metal block is arranged at one end of the waveguide ridge coupled with the feed switching part, namely the feed end of the gap waveguide, wherein the metal block is fixed through one end of the waveguide ridge and extends into the transmission port, and the size of the metal block is adjusted to realize impedance matching so as to ensure the transmission efficiency of signals between the feed switching part and the gap waveguide.
In one embodiment, the distance between adjacent inflection points in the collinear direction is equal to the distance between the midpoints of adjacent radiation slits.
Specifically, the distance of the adjacent bending points in the collinear direction corresponds to the distance between the centers of the adjacent radiation gaps, wherein the distance of the adjacent bending points in the collinear direction and the distance between the middle points of the adjacent radiation gaps are both waveguide wavelengths of one-half gap waveguides so as to be matched with each other, and meanwhile, the bending directions of the waveguide ridges corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps are opposite and are matched with the radiation gaps of one-half waveguide wavelength so as to ensure that the radiation gaps are excited in the same direction, so that the radiation gain of the antenna is improved. In some embodiments, the natural length of the radiating slot is slightly less than one-half of the antenna operating wavelength, and the center of the radiating slot closest to the short-circuiting surface of the gap waveguide is an odd multiple of the waveguide wavelength of the quarter-gap waveguide from the short-circuiting surface.
In one embodiment, the distance between the waveguide ridge and the radiation slot is less than a quarter of the operating wavelength of the antenna, and at this time, the electromagnetic wave propagates along the direction of the waveguide ridge due to the band gap characteristic of the electromagnetic band gap structure, and the height of the metal ridge relative to the bottom plate can adjust the operating bandwidth of the antenna.
The present embodiment will now be described in detail with reference to a specific application scenario, but is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, taking an antenna corresponding to a 77GH millimeter wave frequency band as an example, the corresponding specific structure is as follows:
the whole antenna comprises radiation slots 1, gap waveguides 2 and a feed switching part 3, wherein the gap waveguides 2 mainly comprise a metal bottom plate 22 at the lower layer, a shielding groove 28 formed by two rows of metal columns 26 which are periodically arranged, metal waveguide ridges 21 which are bent in the shielding groove 28 in a staggered manner, an air layer 27 in the middle, and a metal cover plate 23 at the upper layer, 6 radiation slots 1 are arranged on the central line of the cover plate 23, and the feed switching part 3 adopts a rectangular waveguide and is arranged below the bottom plate 22, specifically:
at the position of the feed end of the gap waveguide 2, a rectangular groove is formed in the bottom plate 22 and serves as a transmission port 24 for the feed switching part 3 to switch over the gap waveguide 2, the size of the rectangular groove is consistent with the diameter of the rectangular waveguide below the bottom plate 22, metal columns 26 which are periodically arranged are arranged around the rectangular groove to avoid energy leakage, in order to achieve width matching, a metal block 25 extends from the port of the feed end of the waveguide ridge 21, and impedance matching is achieved by adjusting the size of the metal block 25;
the radiation slits 1 are located at the central line position of the upper surface of the cover plate 23, the length of the radiation slit 1 is slightly smaller than one-half working wavelength, the length of a slit corresponding to 77GHz is 1.9mm, the width of the slit is 0.3mm, the distance between every two adjacent radiation slits 1 is one-half gap waveguide wavelength, the length of the gap is specifically 2.65mm in the embodiment, and the distance from the center of the radiation slit 1 closest to the short-circuit surface of the gap waveguide 2 to the short-circuit surface is odd times of one-quarter gap waveguide wavelength;
the gap waveguide 2 has a four-layer structure, the bottom layer is a metal base plate 22, the second layer is two rows of periodically arranged metal posts 26 connected with the metal base plate 22, and waveguide ridges 21 are located in shielding grooves 28 in the middle of the metal posts 26, the third layer is an air layer 27, and the fourth layer is a metal cover plate 23 on the top layer. Wherein the spacing P between the centers of adjacent metal posts 26 is approximately 2 times the width a of the metal posts 26, where P is 0.6mm and a is 0.3mm; the width of the shielding groove 28 formed by two rows of metal posts 26 can be set as an initial value by referring to the standard waveguide size corresponding to the working frequency band, and the shielding groove 28 is 1.96mm and is approximately one-half of the working wavelength of the antenna, so that the array is convenient to arrange; the height between the upper surface of the waveguide ridge 21 and the cover plate 23 is less than a quarter wavelength, and the working bandwidth can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the waveguide ridge 21; the short circuit surface of the gap waveguide 2 is composed of two rows of metal posts 26 which are arranged periodically;
the waveguide ridge 21 in the middle of the gap waveguide 2 enables electromagnetic waves to be transmitted along the routing direction of the ridge, and the electromagnetic intensity coupled by the radiation gaps 1 on the cover plate 23 can have different amplitudes and phases by controlling the bending direction and the inclination angle of the waveguide ridge 21, wherein the bending point of the waveguide ridge 21 is located at the middle point of the gap between the adjacent radiation gaps 1 and at two ends of the whole radiation gap 1, the bending directions of the adjacent radiation gaps 1 corresponding to the waveguide ridge 21 are opposite, so that 90-degree phase shift is generated between the adjacent radiation gaps 1 on the top cover plate 23, the radiation gaps 1 with the center distance being one half of the gap waveguide wavelength are excited in the same direction, the longitudinal length of the waveguide ridge 21 corresponding to each radiation gap 1 is equal to the distance between the centers of the radiation gaps 1 of 2.65mm, and the inclination angles of the waveguide ridges 21 are distributed in a taylor manner or a chebyshev manner, so as to realize the performance of the low side lobe of the series-fed antenna array.
Referring to fig. 5, the test shows that the E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern of the 77GHz millimeter wave antenna, compared with the conventional dielectric printed series feed antenna, the 10dB beam width of the gap waveguide slot antenna can reach ± 100 degrees from the E-plane radiation, and it can be seen that the gain is larger in the ± 45-degree direction, so that the large-angle detection distance of the azimuth plane is favorably improved, and the actual requirements of the automobile angle radar are better met.
Referring to fig. 6, a return loss characteristic diagram (S11 parameter diagram) of a 77GHz millimeter wave antenna is shown, and compared with a microstrip antenna, the bandwidth is close to 3GHz at less than-10 dB, while a general microstrip antenna is generally around 2GHz, thus illustrating that the gap waveguide slot antenna has a wider standing wave bandwidth.
The gap waveguide slot antenna structure has the following technical effects:
firstly, a gap waveguide structure is adopted, compared with a microstrip antenna and a substrate integrated waveguide, the gap waveguide structure has no dielectric loss, does not need a high-frequency dielectric plate, has lower cost, and compared with the traditional hollow waveguide antenna, the upper metal plate, the lower metal plate and the side wall do not need seamless welding, has low processing precision and is more suitable for large-scale mass production;
secondly, the radiation gaps which are arranged in a collinear way are adopted, and the amplitude and the phase of a gap radiation electric field are controlled by adjusting the bending direction and the inclination angle of the gap wave guide ridge, so that the equidirectional radiation and the low side lobe are realized, compared with the traditional method of adjusting the distance of the low side lobe close to the gap and far away from the center of the waveguide, the method has lower processing precision, and avoids the phenomenon that the antenna is easy to generate grating lobes outside the main plane when the gap is far away from the center;
and thirdly, the vertical interconnection of the gap waveguide and the standard rectangular waveguide is realized through a matching structure, and the vertical connection of the antenna and the bottom chip through a multilayer waveguide is realized.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides an angle radar based on the gap waveguide slot antenna. The implementation scheme for solving the problem provided by the angle radar is similar to the implementation scheme described in the gap waveguide slot antenna, so specific limitations in one or more of the following angle radar embodiments may be referred to as the above limitations on the gap waveguide slot antenna, and details are not described herein again.
In one embodiment, a vehicle-mounted angle radar is provided, which includes the gap waveguide slot antenna in any one of the above embodiments, wherein the gap waveguide slot antenna includes at least a plurality of radiation slots and gap waveguides, and the gap waveguides are coupled with the radiation slots; the plurality of radiation gaps are arranged in a collinear mode, the gap waveguide is internally provided with waveguide ridges, the waveguide ridges and the radiation gaps are arranged at intervals, the waveguide ridges are bent in a staggered mode along the collinear direction of the radiation gaps, in the collinear direction, the bending points of the waveguide ridges correspond to the gaps between the adjacent radiation gaps and the two ends of the whole radiation gap, and the bending directions of the waveguide ridges corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps are opposite.
The angle radar is generally a short-distance radar, generally comprises a forward angle radar and a backward angle radar, is widely applied to the automobile driving assistance technology, and can meet the requirements of blind area detection (BSD), lane Change Assistance (LCA) and front and back traffic warning (F/RCTA).
In one embodiment, the angle of inclination of the continuous bends of the waveguide ridges is in a taylor or chebyshev distribution with respect to the collinear direction.
In one embodiment, the gap waveguide comprises a cover plate and a base plate, the radiation slot being provided on the cover plate and the waveguide ridge being provided on the base plate.
In one embodiment, the optical fiber connector further comprises a feed switching part, a transmission port corresponding to the feed switching part is formed in the bottom plate, the feed switching part is vertically connected with the gap waveguide through the transmission port, and the waveguide ridge is coupled with the feed switching part.
In one embodiment, the end of the waveguide ridge coupled with the feed transition is provided with a metal block for impedance matching, and the waveguide ridge is coupled with the feed transition through the metal block.
In one embodiment, a plurality of metal pillars are arranged on the bottom plate, and the metal pillars are periodically arranged around the waveguide ridge, wherein the metal pillars are arranged at intervals with the cover plate, and the metal pillars at two ends of the waveguide ridge are in a multi-row structure.
In one embodiment, the distance between adjacent inflection points in the collinear direction is equal to the distance between the midpoints of adjacent radiation slits.
In one embodiment, the distance between the midpoints of adjacent radiation slots is the waveguide wavelength of a one-half gap waveguide.
In one embodiment, the waveguide ridge is less than one quarter of the antenna operating wavelength from the radiating slot.
The angle radar realizes antenna radiation based on the gap waveguide and the collinearly arranged radiation gaps, wherein the gap waveguide is matched with the radiation gaps, no dielectric loss exists, the working efficiency is high, the cost is low, and staggered and bent waveguide ridges are adopted in the gap waveguide, the amplitude and the phase of radiation of the radiation gaps can be controlled through the bending direction and the inclination angle of the waveguide ridges, compared with the traditional method that the distance from the center of the waveguide to the center of the antenna is controlled by the gap, the antenna processing precision requirement is greatly reduced, the angle radar is suitable for large-scale mass production, the problem that the antenna is easy to have grating lobes out of a main plane when the gap deviates from the center of the waveguide to the far distance in the traditional method is avoided, meanwhile, in the collinearly direction, the bending point of the waveguide ridges corresponds to the gaps between the adjacent radiation gaps, and the two ends of the whole radiation gap, the bending directions of the waveguide ridges corresponding to the adjacent radiation gaps are opposite, the adjacent radiation gaps can generate 90-degree phase shift, thereby realizing the equidirectional excitation of the radiation gaps, and greatly improving the antenna radiation gain.
In the description herein, references to the description of "some embodiments," "other embodiments," "desired embodiments," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic depictions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these are all within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent application shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A gap waveguide slot antenna, comprising: a plurality of radiating slots, a gap waveguide, the gap waveguide coupled with the radiating slots;
a plurality of the radiation gap collineation is arranged, be equipped with the waveguide ridge in the clearance waveguide, the waveguide ridge with the radiation gap interval sets up, wherein, the waveguide ridge is followed crisscross the buckling of the collinear direction in radiation gap, and in the collinear direction, the buckling point of waveguide ridge is adjacent clearance between the radiation gap and whole the both ends in radiation gap correspond, and are adjacent the radiation gap corresponds the buckling opposite direction of waveguide ridge.
2. A gap waveguide slot antenna according to claim 1, wherein the angle of inclination of the continuous bend of the waveguide ridge with respect to the collinear direction is taylor distribution or chebyshev distribution.
3. A gap waveguide slot antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gap waveguide comprises a cover plate and a base plate, the radiating slot is provided on the cover plate, and the waveguide ridge is provided on the base plate.
4. The gap waveguide slot antenna according to claim 3, further comprising a feed switching portion, wherein a transmission port corresponding to the feed switching portion is formed in the bottom plate, the feed switching portion is vertically connected to the gap waveguide through the transmission port, and the waveguide ridge is coupled to the feed switching portion.
5. A gap waveguide slot antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the end of the waveguide ridge coupled to the feed transition is provided with a metal block for impedance matching, and the waveguide ridge is coupled to the feed transition via the metal block.
6. A gap waveguide slot antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the bottom plate has a plurality of metal posts arranged periodically around the waveguide ridge, wherein the metal posts are spaced from the cover plate, and the metal posts at two ends of the waveguide ridge are in a multi-row structure.
7. A gap waveguide slot antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distance between adjacent said inflection points in said collinear direction is equal to the distance between the midpoints of adjacent said radiating slots.
8. A gap waveguide slot antenna according to claim 7, wherein the distance between the midpoints of adjacent radiation slots is one half the waveguide wavelength of the gap waveguide.
9. A gap waveguide slot antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distance of the waveguide ridge from the radiating slot is less than a quarter of the antenna operating wavelength.
10. A corner radar comprising a gap waveguide slot antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202211694839.0A CN115939768A (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Gap waveguide slot antenna and angle radar |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116995437A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 华南理工大学 | Gap waveguide antenna and vehicle millimeter wave radar |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116995437A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-11-03 | 华南理工大学 | Gap waveguide antenna and vehicle millimeter wave radar |
| CN116995437B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-04-26 | 华南理工大学 | Gap waveguide antenna and vehicle millimeter wave radar |
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