CN107482311B - Helical antenna system - Google Patents
Helical antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107482311B CN107482311B CN201710730858.7A CN201710730858A CN107482311B CN 107482311 B CN107482311 B CN 107482311B CN 201710730858 A CN201710730858 A CN 201710730858A CN 107482311 B CN107482311 B CN 107482311B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to array antenna technology. The invention discloses a spiral antenna system, which is formed by two groups of spiral antenna arrays with the same structure side by side; the spiral antenna array is provided with a side feed type feed network and a spiral antenna connected with a feed port of the side feed type feed network; the side feed type feed network comprises a feed waveguide, a first waveguide, a transition waveguide and a second waveguide which are sequentially connected; the bottom ends of the two groups of spiral antenna array feed waveguides are closed and communicated with each other, and the communication part of the two groups of spiral antenna array feed waveguides is connected with the input end of the waveguide; the waveguide input end is formed by sequentially connecting a first coaxial waveguide, a second coaxial waveguide and a circular waveguide, wherein the first coaxial waveguide, the second coaxial waveguide and the circular waveguide are coaxial, the first coaxial waveguide is connected with a microwave source, and the circular waveguide is connected with a feed waveguide. The spiral antenna system has the characteristics of high efficiency, high power capacity and circular polarized wave radiation, and is very suitable for occasions with limited longitudinal space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to microwave transmission line and array antenna technology, in particular to a high-power array antenna and a feed system thereof, and specifically relates to an antenna array side feed network and a spiral antenna system.
Background
Array antennas are rapidly developed in various forms, and have shaped antenna arrays, phased arrays, low-sidelobe antenna arrays and the like, and in design applications, the feed network of the array antennas is a key core part. After the arrangement mode of the units is determined, the space structure, the loss problem and the like need to be comprehensively considered to adopt a proper feeding mode, the overall space layout of a feeding network is determined according to the structure of the antenna array, and finally, each antenna unit can acquire the current amplitude and the phase required by the antenna unit.
The feeding system is a broad concept in practice, and each array antenna always needs a corresponding feeding system no matter what form of unit antenna of the array contains more or less units, but the feeding systems of different array antennas need to meet different requirements, and the structural forms of the feeding systems of different array antennas also can be different. In the field of high power microwaves, a high power array antenna is generally required to have a high power capacity, and under certain special conditions, the feed system is also required to have a compact profile. In recent years, with the development of high-power microwave technology, many antenna forms suitable for high-power microwave radiation have been explored, and in particular, array antennas can obtain very high gain by increasing the number of units and optimizing the spatial position distribution mode of each unit, so that the array antennas are widely used. For example, rectangular waveguide broadside offset longitudinal slot antenna array or narrow side slot traveling wave antenna array designed according to slot antenna and rectangular resonant cavity theory [ Yang Yiming, yuan Chengwei, qian Baoliang ] waveguide slot array antenna high power application exploration [ J ]]Intense laser and particle beam, 2013,10:2648-2652]Design [ J ] of [ Shang Wenhui, liao 2.45.45 GHz high-power rectangular waveguide broadside slot array antenna array]Vacuum electronics, 2016,04:20-23.]They adopt a mode of forming a gap array by regularly forming a plurality of gaps on the wide side or the narrow side of the waveguide, the transmission field in the waveguide directly generates radiation at the gaps, and the radiation intensity and the phase generated by the gaps are controlled by the inclination angle and the spacing of the gaps. Meanwhile, the microstrip patch antenna array is also verified to be applicable to the high-power microwave fields [ Xu Gang, liao Yong, xie Ping, meng Fanbao, tang Chuanxiang ] the broadband high-power patch antenna array radiation characteristic [ J ]]Intense laser and particle beam, 2010, 12:2955-2958]、 [A.Chaoloux,F.Colombel,M.Himdi,J.L.Lasserre,P.Bruguiere,P.Pouliguen,P.Potier High Gain and Low Losses Antenna Array for High Power Microwave Applications,in The 8 th European Conference on Antenna and Propagation,1705-1709 2014]The parallel feed network is formed by cascading a plurality of power splitters, the structure is complex, the parallel feed network is difficult to apply to occasions with a large number of units, and in a high frequency band above an X band, a learner also proposes a mode that radial waveguides are used as the power splitters to feed the microstrip array antenna. In addition, a scholars also put forward a design concept of a novel radial line spiral array antenna applicable to the high-power microwave field, and adopts a principle similar to the excitation of a feed probe to extract energy from a feed waveguide and feed the energy to a radiation unit by using a coupling feed probe [ Nakano H, takeda H, homma t, et al, extremum low-profile helix radiating a circularly polarized wave [ J ]].IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation,1991,39(6):754-756]Design of isosceles triangle grid rectangular radial line spiral array antenna [ J ]]Intense laser and particle beam, 2009,24 (4): 584-587.]Design of [ Ma Rui, liu Qingxiang, li Xiangjiang, zhang Jianqiong, ding Yanfeng, 64-unit rectangular radial line array antenna feed network [ J ]]Intense laser and particle beam 2011,23 (11): 3131-3134.]The microwave in the radial line is input by a coaxial waveguide, converted into TEM wave capable of propagating in the radial line by a mode converter, the coaxial waveguide inlet is positioned at the center of the radial line, and the microwave uniformly propagates from the inlet to the periphery in the radial line. At present, a radial line is mainly adopted as a feed waveguide for feeding the spiral array antenna, and an inlet of the feed waveguide is necessarily positioned at the center of a radial line lower bottom plate, but under the condition that the longitudinal space is limited due to the influence of the front end structure of the feed waveguide, the inlet of the feed waveguide is sometimes difficult to be positioned at the center of the lower bottom plate.
In recent years, with the continuous development of high-power microwave technology, research on high-power microwave antenna technology as a technical terminal thereof has been promoted. Because the transmitted microwaves have high-power characteristics, the high-power microwave antenna needs to meet a plurality of special targets including high-power capacity, miniaturization, light weight and the like as much as possible besides good radiation indexes. The radial line spiral array antenna is widely focused as a planar array antenna with a special feed structure because of the advantages of high structure utilization rate, high radiation efficiency and the like. Through research on high-power radial line spiral array antennas, it is proved that cascade connection between subarrays can be reduced by increasing the number of units of a single subarray, so that the insertion loss is reduced while the antenna gain is improved; the method for saving the system cost is obtained through the research and comparison of the rectangular grid and triangular grid unit layout modes; by the cooperative design of the coupling probe and the choke structure, a high efficiency transmission design of the radial line can be achieved.
The array antenna is an antenna form which is formed by arranging and exciting a plurality of radiating units according to a certain mode and utilizing an interference principle and a superposition principle of electromagnetic waves to realize microwave directional radiation, and the gain of the array antenna can be improved by increasing the number of the units and changing the spatial arrangement mode of the units. Since the microwave power is distributed to a plurality of radiating elements, each element only needs to bear small power, and the sealing of the antenna is easy, so that the high power capacity of the antenna can be realized. The radiation of any polarized wave can be realized by adopting different forms of radiation units, and the miniaturization of the antenna can be realized by adopting a proper feed waveguide. Design of [ Ma Rui, liu Qingxiang, li Xiangjiang, zhang Jianqiong.66 unit triangular grid radial line array antenna feed network [ J ]. Intense laser and particle beam, 2013.25 (11): 2949-5953].
The helical antenna is formed by winding a metal conductor (wire) with good electrical conductivity into a helical shape, and Japanese scholars find that the helical antenna (called a short helical antenna) with a combination of a small number of turns and a small pitch angle can radiate good circularly polarized waves, and has the advantages of wide lobe width, good axial ratio, high gain and the like, and the characteristics of short axial dimension of the helical antenna have been applied to array antennas. [ Nakano H, takeda H, honma T, et al, extremely Low-profile helix radiating a circularly polarized wave [ J ]. IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation,1991,39 (6): 754-756], [ Nakano H, takeda H, kitamura Y, et al, low-profile helical array antenna fed from a radial waveguide [ J ]. IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation,1992,40 (3): 279-284], [ Li Xiangjiang, liu Qingxiang, zhao Liu. Short spiral antenna improvement design [ J ]. Programming, 2009,25 (1): 51-54].
A short spiral antenna is adopted as an antenna unit, a radial line is used as a feed waveguide and an energy is extracted through a coupling probe, a scholars firstly designs a 4-unit rectangular radial line spiral subarray, the feasibility of the thought is initially verified [ Zhao Liu, zhang Jianqiong, wu Xiaojiang, and the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of a 4-unit rectangular radial line spiral array antenna [ J ]. Intense laser and particle beam, 2007.19 (11): 1869-1872], high-power single-layer and double-layer radial line array antennas are further researched on the basis, the GW-level high-power capacity of an array antenna system is achieved while the circular polarization radiation is oriented by microwaves, the feasibility of the design idea of the high-power radial line array antenna is further verified, and the advantages of small structural size, high directivity, easiness in radiating circular polarization waves and the like are confirmed [ Li Xiangjiang, liu Qingxiang, zhao Liu, and the like, the design and simulation of the high-power single-layer radial line spiral array antenna [ J ]. Intense laser and particle beam, 2005.17 (11): 2-1716], [ Liu Qingxiang, li Xiangjiang, yuan Chengwei, and the design of the same-layer radial line spiral array antenna [ J ]. The electron array antenna, and the simulation of the high-layer radial line array antenna [ J ]. 2005.12]. And Zhao Liu and other scholars put forward the research of a combinable radial line array antenna, namely, a plurality of radial line array antenna subarrays with rectangular seals are utilized to combine to form a larger array antenna system, so that the aim of realizing high gain is achieved, ma Rui and other scholars further complete the innovative research of S-band 64 units, the antenna gain is optimized by increasing the number of units in a single radial line subarray, the polarization and matching performance of the array are improved, the power division network insertion loss caused by factor array cascade is reduced, but the situation of uneven field intensity distribution in a radial waveguide caused by the increase of the number of units also occurs, and therefore, a novel coupling probe with adjustable coupling capability is adopted, so that the design [ J ]. Strong laser and particle beam of the feed network with rectangular radial line of units of which the center frequency is approximately equal is realized [ Ma Rui, liu Qingxiang, li Xiangjiang, zhang Jianqiong, ding Yanfeng.64 units, 2011.23 (11): 3131-3134].
In the related researches, radial lines are used as feed waveguides of the spiral antenna array, but microwave inlets of the radial lines are positioned at the center of a lower base plate of the radial lines, and microwaves are input through coaxial waveguides. Because of various reasons such as uncertainty of the front end structure of the feed waveguide and different characteristics of array layout, radial lines cannot be fully adapted to feed all helical array antennas, and particularly for occasions with limited space structures, radial lines cannot sometimes even be used for feeding the helical array antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a side feed type feed network of an antenna array, wherein a feed waveguide input port is arranged at one side of a transmission waveguide, so that microwaves are unidirectionally transmitted from an inlet to the other side, the complexity of a feed system can be reduced under a certain specific front end structure, and the overall performance of the feed system is improved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a helical antenna system, which uses a side-feed type feeding network to feed a helical array antenna, so as to solve the disadvantages of radial line feeding in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna array side-feed type feed network, including a feed waveguide, a first waveguide, a transition waveguide, and a second waveguide connected in sequence; the connection part of the feed waveguide and the first waveguide is provided with a bending structure; the first waveguide, the transition waveguide and the second waveguide are rectangular waveguides, and the widths of the upper bottom plates of the rectangular waveguides are the same and are in the same plane; the first waveguide thickness is greater than the second waveguide; the thickness of the transition waveguide at the inlet is the same as that of the first waveguide, and the thickness of the transition waveguide at the outlet is the same as that of the second waveguide; and the upper bottom plate is distributed with feed ports.
Specifically, the bending angle of the bending structure is pi/2.
Further, the feed waveguide has an impedance transformation structure.
Specifically, the impedance transformation structure is formed by connecting rectangular waveguides with different widths and/or thicknesses.
Further, the joint has a chamfer structure.
Specifically, the feed port is a coaxial feed port and is composed of a round hole on the upper bottom plate and a feed probe in the center of the round hole, the diameter of the round hole is larger than that of the feed probe, and the feed probe is connected with the rectangular waveguide lower bottom plate.
Further, a coupling ring and/or a coupling column for adjusting the coupling coefficient is/are arranged on the feed probe, the coupling column is arranged at the lower end of the feed probe, and the coupling ring is arranged at the upper end of the feed probe.
Further, an upright post is arranged behind the feed probe and is connected with the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate of the rectangular waveguide.
Further, the feed ports are uniformly distributed on the upper bottom plate.
Further, the feed ports are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the upper bottom plate.
The antenna array side-feed type feed network can directly feed microwaves from one end of the feed waveguide under the condition that the front end of the waveguide is close to the outer side of the array surface, thereby saving longitudinal space, reducing complexity of a feed system and providing a larger space for optimizing other indexes such as power capacity. The invention also has the characteristics of simple and compact structure and high power capacity.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a helical antenna system, which is composed of two sets of helical antenna arrays having the same structure side by side; the spiral antenna array is characterized by comprising a side feed type feed network and spiral antennas connected with feed ports of the side feed type feed network; the side feed type feed network comprises a feed waveguide, a first waveguide, a transition waveguide and a second waveguide which are sequentially connected; the connection part of the feed waveguide and the first waveguide is provided with a bending structure; the first waveguide, the transition waveguide and the second waveguide are rectangular waveguides, and the widths of the upper bottom plates of the rectangular waveguides are the same and are in the same plane; the first waveguide thickness is greater than the second waveguide; the thickness of the transition waveguide at the inlet is the same as that of the first waveguide, and the thickness of the transition waveguide at the outlet is the same as that of the second waveguide; the upper bottom plate is distributed with feed ports; the bottom ends of the two groups of spiral antenna array feed waveguides are closed and communicated with each other, and the communication part of the two groups of spiral antenna array feed waveguides is connected with the input end of the waveguide; the waveguide input end is formed by sequentially connecting a first coaxial waveguide, a second coaxial waveguide and a circular waveguide, wherein the first coaxial waveguide, the second coaxial waveguide and the circular waveguide are coaxial, the first coaxial waveguide is connected with a microwave source, and the circular waveguide is connected with a feed waveguide.
Further, the helical antenna is a short helical antenna.
Further, the communication part is provided with a chamfer structure.
Specifically, the bending angle of the bending structure is pi/2.
Further, the waveguide input end is perpendicular to the feed waveguide.
Specifically, the diameter of the outer conductor of the first coaxial waveguide is larger than that of the outer conductor of the second coaxial waveguide, the diameter of the inner conductor of the first coaxial waveguide is larger than that of the inner conductor of the second coaxial waveguide, the diameter of the inner conductor of the second coaxial waveguide is smaller than that of the outer conductor of the second coaxial waveguide, and the diameter of the circular waveguide is larger than that of the outer conductor of the first coaxial waveguide and smaller than that of the outer conductor of the second coaxial waveguide.
Further, the inner conductor and/or the outer conductor at the joint of the first coaxial waveguide and the second coaxial waveguide are/is provided with a chamfer structure.
Further, the top of the second coaxial waveguide inner conductor is provided with a chamfer structure.
Further, the feed port has a coupling amount adjusting structure.
Specifically, the coupling amount adjusting structure comprises a coupling ring and/or a coupling column.
Specifically, the number of the feed ports is 66.
More specifically, the feed ports are arranged in a 3×22 matrix.
More specifically, the working frequency of the spiral antenna system is 1.575GHz.
The spiral antenna system is composed of two groups of spiral antenna arrays with the same structure in parallel, adopts the turning structure with the inlet at one side as a feed waveguide to replace radial feed to the spiral antenna arrays, not only enlarges the number of array units, but also saves longitudinal space, is very suitable for occasions with limited longitudinal space, and also provides larger space for optimizing indexes such as power capacity and the like. The two side-by-side feed waveguides are communicated with each other and connected with the waveguide input end to form the power divider from the overmoded circular waveguide to the two paths of rectangular waveguides, and the power divider can be connected with a high-power microwave source and uniformly distributes microwaves into the two subarrays. The helical antenna system of the invention also has the characteristics of high efficiency, high power capacity and radiation of circularly polarized waves.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a rectangular waveguide structure;
FIG. 1b is a schematic illustration of a coaxial waveguide structure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side-feed feeding network structure of an antenna array according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the feed waveguide structure of embodiment 1 (also a schematic view of section A-A of fig. 2);
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the assembly structure of the feed probe and the coupling ring of embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the assembly structure of the feed probe and the coupling post of example 1;
FIG. 8 is a top view of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the column structure of embodiment 1;
FIG. 10 is a top view of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array side-feed type feed network structure of embodiment 2;
FIG. 12 is a top view of FIG. 11;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a feed waveguide structure of embodiment 2;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the helical antenna system of embodiment 3;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waveguide input end of the helical antenna system of embodiment 3;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view in section B-B of FIG. 14;
fig. 17 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the junction of the helical antenna and the feed port of embodiment 3.
Wherein:
1 is a feed waveguide;
2 is a first waveguide;
3 is a transition waveguide;
4 is a second waveguide;
5 is a feed probe;
6 is a round hole;
7 is a coupling ring;
8 is a coupling column;
9 is a column;
10 is the waveguide input end;
11 is a first coaxial waveguide;
12 is a second coaxial waveguide;
13 is a circular waveguide;
14. 15 is a rectangular input waveguide;
16. 17 is a rectangular matching waveguide;
80 is a feed port;
90 is a helical antenna;
91 is an antenna base;
92 is a helical antenna matching sphere;
OX is the central axis of the upper bottom plate;
OY is the symmetry axis of the feed waveguide;
PQ is the symmetry axis of the helical antenna system.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the specific embodiments, examples, and features thereof in the present application may be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a detailed description and a complete description of the technical solutions of the embodiments and examples of the present invention will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments and examples, and it is apparent that the described examples are only some examples of the present invention and not all examples. All other embodiments, examples, and implementations of what is known to those of ordinary skill in the art as being without undue burden are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The waveguide according to the present invention is a structure for confining or guiding electromagnetic waves, and is also a transmission line, and is generally made of a metal material. Depending on the role and function of the waveguide, the waveguide for connecting the microwave source may be referred to as a feed waveguide or a waveguide input end, the waveguide for transmitting microwaves may be referred to as a transmission waveguide, the waveguide for impedance transformation may be referred to as a matching waveguide, or the like. For a closed waveguide, the cavity may be filled with a medium or not filled with a medium. The present invention relates generally to two types of waveguides, a rectangular waveguide 40 and a coaxial waveguide 50, respectively, as shown in fig. 1a and 1 b. The rectangular waveguide 40 has a rectangular cross section and is formed by connecting an upper bottom plate 41, a lower bottom plate 42 and two side plates, as shown in fig. 1 a. The microwave transmission characteristics are mainly determined by the width a and the thickness b of the rectangle, and are irrelevant to the thickness of the waveguide material. The coaxial waveguide 50 is composed of coaxial inner and outer conductors 51 and 52, as shown in fig. 1 b. As a microwave transmission line, microwaves are confined between the inner conductor 51 and the outer conductor 52, and transmission characteristics are mainly determined by the radius R of the inner conductor 51 and the radius R of the outer conductor 52, regardless of whether the inner conductor 51 is of a solid structure or not and the thickness of the outer conductor 52 material.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the side-feed type feed network for an antenna array of this example includes a feed waveguide 1, a first waveguide 2, a transition waveguide 3 and a second waveguide 4, which are sequentially connected, as shown in fig. 2. It can be seen that the outlet of the feed waveguide 1 of this example is connected with the inlet of the first waveguide 2, the joint is bent pi/2, the bending part is provided with a chamfer structure, the outer side bevel edge of the bending part is chamfered, and the inner side arc of the bending part is chamfered, as shown in fig. 2. The outlet of the first waveguide 2 is connected with the inlet of the transition waveguide 3, the outlet of the transition waveguide 3 is connected with the inlet of the second waveguide 4, and the outlet of the second waveguide 4 is in a microwave closed state and is used for preventing microwave leakage.
The first waveguide 2, the transition waveguide 3 and the second waveguide 4 are rectangular waveguides, and the upper bottom plates 41 thereof have the same width and are in the same plane, that is, the upper bottom plates 41 of the first waveguide 2, the transition waveguide 3 and the second waveguide 4 are integral, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The thickness of the first waveguide 2 is larger than that of the second waveguide 4 in the embodiment, the thickness of the entrance of the transition waveguide 3 is the same as that of the first waveguide 2, and the thickness of the exit of the transition waveguide 3 is the same as that of the second waveguide 4. This structure makes the lower bottom plate of the transition waveguide 3 be inclined, and realizes the transition from the first waveguide 2 with larger thickness to the second waveguide 4 with smaller thickness.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the feeding ports 80 are uniformly distributed on the upper base plate 41 in this example, and the feeding ports 80 are uniformly distributed on the upper base plate 41 and symmetrically distributed with the central axis OX as the symmetry axis.
Because the feed ports are located at different positions and have different field strengths, the ports are required to have different coupling coefficients so as to make microwave energy extracted by antennas connected to the ports as equal as possible, thereby improving the performance of the antenna array. In this symmetrical distribution manner of the feeding ports 80, the coupling coefficient of each port decreases along two sides of the central axis of the upper base plate, the coupling coefficient of each feeding port decreases along the central axis of the upper base plate, and the coupling coefficient of each feeding port decreases along the central axis of the upper base plate, so that the coupling coefficient of each feeding port decreases along the longitudinal direction of the central axis of the upper base plate, and the coupling coefficient of each feeding port decreases along the central axis of the upper base plate, thereby providing convenience for simplifying the adjustment of the coupling coefficient of each feeding port.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the upper chassis 41 of this embodiment has 66 feeding ports 80, which are arranged in 3 rows, one row is located on the central axis OX, and the other two rows are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis OX, each row 22 of feeding ports, and each feeding port is assembled with an antenna to form a 3×22 antenna array. As can be seen from fig. 3, in this embodiment, the feeding ports are symmetrically and uniformly distributed, the distances between the feeding port J and the feeding port K and the feeding waveguide 1 are equal, and the distances between the feeding port J and the feeding port K and the central axis OX are also equal, so that the microwave energy extracted by the antennas connected to the feeding ports can be ensured to be equal by only setting the same coupling coefficient between the feeding port J and the feeding port K, and the feeding port and the coupling component with the same structure can be adopted. The uniform and symmetrical feed port structure can greatly reduce the processing difficulty of a feed network, simplify the adjustment of the coupling coefficient of the feed port and is beneficial to reducing the system cost.
Referring to fig. 4, the feed waveguide 1 of this example is constituted by connecting a rectangular input waveguide 15 and a rectangular matching waveguide 17, which are different in width and thickness, and this feed waveguide structure has an impedance transformation effect. By changing the width and/or thickness of the rectangular input waveguide 15 and the rectangular matching waveguide 17, microwave output ports with different impedances can be connected, and matching of the side feed network and the microwave source output ports can be realized. In order to improve the microwave transmission performance, in fig. 4, the connection between the rectangular input waveguide 15 and the rectangular matching waveguide 17 is chamfered, and the chamfer is a bevel edge, and is located at the connection edge between the rectangular matching waveguide 17 and the rectangular input waveguide 15.
As is clear from fig. 2 and 3, the feeding port 80 of this example is a coaxial feeding port, and is formed by a circular hole 6 on the upper base plate 41 and a feeding probe 5 in the center of the circular hole. The circular hole 6 in the upper plate 41 corresponds to the outer conductor of the coaxial waveguide, and the feed probe 5 is constituted by the inner conductor of the coaxial waveguide and the portion extending into the rectangular waveguide. As can be seen from fig. 2, the diameter of the circular hole 6 is larger than the diameter of the feed probe 5, and the coaxial waveguide inner conductor extends to be connected to the rectangular waveguide lower plate.
The feeding port 80 with the structure is unfavorable for concentration of field intensity, and can reduce restriction of the feeding probe on power capacity.
As can be seen from fig. 2, in this example, there are feeding ports in which the feeding probe 5 is mounted with a coupling ring 7 or a coupling post 8, and the coupling ring 7 or the coupling post 8 are used for adjusting the coupling coefficient. The coupling ring is arranged at the upper end of the feed probe and can play a role in counteracting the magnetic coupling and the electric coupling of the feed probe under a certain condition, thereby realizing the requirement of adjusting the coupling quantity. The coupling column 8 is installed at the lower end of the feed probe, and has the function of increasing the diameter of the lower end of the feed probe, and the function of improving the electromagnetic coupling coefficient, and is mainly used at a feed port with weaker field strength, such as a place far away from the feed waveguide 1.
The assembly structure of the coupling ring 7 and the feed probe 5 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, the feed probe 5 is a cylinder, the coupling ring 7 is formed by a circular ring, and an L-shaped extension arm is added at two ends of the diameter of the circular ring for enhancing the adjusting function of the coupling ring. The coupling amount can be very conveniently adjusted by adjusting the position of the coupling ring on the feed probe and changing the size of the coupling ring, such as the diameter of the ring, the length of the extension arm, etc.
The assembly structure of the coupling post 8 and the feed probe 5 is shown in fig. 7 and 8, and it can be seen that the coupling post is a cylinder, and a hole is formed in the center of the cylinder, so that the coupling post can be sleeved at the bottom of the feed probe 5. By varying the diameter and height of the cylinder, the coupling coefficient can be adjusted.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the feed probes of the other feed ports are all provided with studs 9 behind them, except for a few feed ports at the exit of the second waveguide 4. The upright post 9 is a cylinder, the structure of which is shown in fig. 9 and 10, two ends of the upright post 9 are respectively connected with the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate of the rectangular waveguide, and the main function of the upright post is to eliminate microwave reflection caused by the feed probe and improve microwave transmission performance.
The working principle of the side feed type feed network of the antenna array of the example is as follows: the microwave is fed by an inlet at the bottom of the side feed waveguide 1, the mode propagated in the waveguide is mainly TE10 wave, the feed waveguide at the inlet is longitudinal, the size of the waveguide is enlarged after impedance transformation and turns 90 degrees, the waveguide direction is perpendicular to the original propagation direction, and the cross section of the waveguide is unchanged before the transition section waveguide 3, at this time, the field transmitted in the waveguide is still TE10 mode, so the field in the feed network waveguide is symmetrically distributed about a broadside central axis (namely the central axis OX of the bottom plate 41), the field intensity at two sides is small, the field intensity at the broadside central axis is large, therefore, when a coupling probe is selected, the feed port at the broadside central axis should adopt a feed probe with relatively weak coupling capability, and the feed ports at two sides should adopt a feed probe with relatively strong coupling capability, namely the feed port at the central axis, the coupling ring position of the feed probe is close to the upper bottom plate, the coupling ring position of the feed probe is close to the lower bottom plate, and the coupling ring position of the feed probe at two sides is close to the lower bottom plate, so that the coupling of the feed probe is increased. In the propagation process of the feed system, as energy is continuously coupled out by the probe, the field intensity of a part (namely a part far away from the feed waveguide 1) of the feed system is smaller, a feed port of the feed system is also required to select a feed probe with stronger coupling capability, and for part of the feed probes, the coupling quantity of the coupling ring cannot meet the requirement due to the adjusting range of the coupling ring, the feed probe with the coupling column is selected, and the coupling quantity of the feed probe is increased by increasing the radius and the height of the coupling column, so that the coupling quantity of the feed port meets the requirement.
Example 2
When the microwave operating frequency is 1.575GHz, the main structural dimensions of the side-feed type feeding network of the antenna array of this example are shown in fig. 11, 12 and 13. The feed port 80 in the feed network has the following dimensions: the outer diameter of the round hole 6 is 15.75mm, the diameter of the feed probe is 5mm, the height is flush with the upper bottom plate 41, the radius of the stand column 9 is 2.5mm, the distance from the feed probe is 72mm, the height is equal to the distance between the upper bottom plate 41 and the lower bottom plate 42, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the circular ring of the coupling ring 7 are 5mm and 8mm respectively, the circular ring is positioned in the waveguide space, the specific height is determined by the position, and parameters such as the length of the extension arm of the coupling ring are also determined by the position. In this example, the top of the coupling ring extension arm is connected with the waveguide upper bottom plate. The distribution form of the feeding ports in this example is the same as that of embodiment 1, and the feeding port pitch is 100mm in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, as shown in fig. 12.
The simulation result of the side-feed type feed network of the antenna array shows that the reflection coefficient of TE10 mode of the antenna array is 0.08 at the center frequency point of 1.575GHz, the reflection coefficient is smaller than 0.2 in the whole frequency band of 1.525-1.613 GHz, the constant-amplitude feed of each feed port can be realized in the frequency band of 1.55-1.6 GHz, the interior of a cavity of the feed network is a vacuum environment, the electric field breakdown threshold is 35MV/m, and the power capacity of the feed system is 2.24GW.
Example 3
The helical antenna system of this example is composed of two sets of helical antenna arrays of the same structure side by side, as shown in fig. 14, 15, 16 and 17.
In this example, two sets of side-by-side helical antenna arrays have the same structure and have side-feed feeding networks, and each feeding port in the feeding networks is connected with a short helical antenna 90 to form a 3×22 planar antenna array, and two sets of side-by-side helical antenna arrays form a 132-unit helical antenna array system, as shown in fig. 14 and 16. According to the characteristics of the helical antenna, in order to facilitate installation and fixation, the helical antenna of this example is mounted on an antenna base 91, and a matching ball 92 at the input end of the helical antenna is connected to the feed probe 5, as shown in fig. 17.
Fig. 14 shows a side-feed type feed network of this example, and it can be seen that the side-feed type feed network structure is identical to that described in embodiment 1, and includes a feed waveguide 1, a first waveguide 2, a transition waveguide 3, and a second waveguide 4, which are sequentially connected. The outlet of the feed waveguide 1 of the example is connected with the inlet of the first waveguide 2, pi/2 is bent at the connection part, a chamfer structure is arranged at the bending part, the bevel edge at the outer side of the bending part is chamfered, and the arc at the inner side of the bending part is chamfered, as shown in fig. 14. The outlet of the first waveguide 2 is connected with the inlet of the transition waveguide 3, the outlet of the transition waveguide 3 is connected with the inlet of the second waveguide 4, and the outlet of the second waveguide 4 is in a microwave closed state, so that microwave leakage can be prevented.
In the two sets of helical antenna arrays, the first waveguide 2, the transition waveguide 3 and the second waveguide 4 are rectangular waveguides, the widths of the upper base plates 41 are the same and are in the same plane, and after the two sets of helical antenna arrays are arranged side by side, the upper base plates 41 are all in the same plane, so as to form a 6×22 planar antenna array, see fig. 16 and 14.
As can be seen from fig. 14, the thickness of the first waveguide 2 is greater than that of the second waveguide 4 in this example, the thickness of the transition waveguide 3 at the entrance is the same as that of the first waveguide 2, and the thickness of the transition waveguide 3 at the exit is the same as that of the second waveguide 4. This structure makes the lower bottom plate of the transition waveguide 3 be inclined, and realizes the transition from the first waveguide 2 with larger thickness to the second waveguide 4 with smaller thickness.
The feed ports of this example are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the upper base plate 41.
Because the feed ports are located at different positions and have different field strengths, the ports are required to have different coupling coefficients so as to make microwave energy extracted by antennas connected to the ports as equal as possible, thereby improving the performance of the antenna array. In order to simplify the adjustment of the coupling coefficient of the feed port, and according to the characteristics of the feed network of this embodiment, the coupling coefficient of the feed port is set to decrease along two sides of the central axis of the upper base plate, the coupling coefficient is smaller closer to the central axis, and the coupling coefficient of the feed port decreases longitudinally along the central axis of the upper base plate, and the coupling coefficient is smaller closer to the feed waveguide 1.
The two side-by-side feed waveguide structures of this example are identical and are respectively formed by connecting rectangular input waveguides and rectangular matching waveguides with different widths and thicknesses, see fig. 16. Wherein the rectangular input waveguide 14 and the rectangular input waveguide 15 have the same structure, and the rectangular matching waveguide 16 and the rectangular matching waveguide 17 have the same structure. The feed waveguide has an impedance transformation effect. By changing the widths and/or thicknesses of the rectangular input waveguide and the rectangular matching waveguide, microwave output ports with different impedances can be connected, and matching of the side feed type feed network and the microwave source output ports is realized. In order to improve microwave transmission performance, in fig. 16, a connection part between two rectangular input waveguides and a rectangular matching waveguide is chamfered, and the chamfer is a bevel edge and is positioned at a connection edge between the rectangular matching waveguide and the rectangular input waveguide.
The feed waveguides of the two groups of helical antenna arrays are closed at the bottom ends and are mutually communicated, and the communicated parts of the feed waveguides are connected with the input ends 10 of the waveguides, as shown in fig. 16. The waveguide input end 10 is perpendicular to two side-by-side feed waveguides and connected on a symmetry axis PQ, and the waveguide input end 10 is formed by sequentially connecting a first coaxial waveguide 11, a second coaxial waveguide 12 and a circular waveguide 13, as shown in fig. 15. The first coaxial waveguide 11, the second coaxial waveguide 12, and the circular waveguide 13 are coaxial, and their axes perpendicularly intersect the symmetry axis PQ in fig. 16. The first coaxial waveguide 11 is connected with a microwave source, and the circular waveguide 13 is connected with a feed waveguide. The connection structure of the two side-by-side feed waveguides and the waveguide input end forms a split-two power distributor from a circular waveguide to two paths of rectangular waveguides, and is connected with the output end of a high-power microwave source, so that microwave energy can be uniformly distributed into the two side-by-side feed waveguides, and the same microwave energy is provided for two groups of spiral antenna arrays.
In this example, the diameter of the outer conductor of the first coaxial waveguide 11 is larger than that of the outer conductor of the second coaxial waveguide 12, the diameter of the inner conductor of the first coaxial waveguide 11 is larger than that of the inner conductor of the second coaxial waveguide 12, the diameter of the circular waveguide is larger than that of the outer conductor of the first coaxial waveguide 11, the diameter of the outer conductor of the circular waveguide is smaller than that of the outer conductor of the second coaxial waveguide 12, and the length of the circular waveguide 13 is longer than that of the feed waveguide, as shown in fig. 15. Since the diameters of the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the first coaxial waveguide 11 and the diameter of the outer conductor of the second coaxial waveguide 12 are different, the abrupt change of the connection structure can bring adverse effect to microwave transmission, so that the inner conductor and the outer conductor at the connection of the first coaxial waveguide 11 and the second coaxial waveguide 12 are chamfered, and the top of the inner conductor of the second coaxial waveguide 12 is chamfered, see fig. 15. These chamfer structures mitigate the effects of abrupt structural changes, facilitating microwave transmission and system performance improvement.
Because of the different distribution positions of the feeding ports, the extracted microwave energy is different, and in order to realize the constant-amplitude feeding, the feeding ports are required to have a coupling amount adjusting structure, such as a coupling ring or a coupling column, as shown in fig. 17. The helical antenna 90 is shown secured to the upper plate 41 by an antenna mount 91, just above the feed port. A helical antenna matching ball 92 is attached to the top end of the feed probe 5, and the feed probe 5 extends to the lower plate 42 to be connected to the lower plate 42.
The input end of the waveguide is a coaxial input port, and the coaxial waveguide is changed into a small coaxial waveguide from a large coaxial waveguide after radius change and then is connected with a circular waveguide. The two parallel feed waveguides are formed by rectangular waveguides and are vertically connected with the circular waveguide. The coaxial waveguide TEM mode and the circular waveguide TM01 mode field are similar in distribution and have rotation axis symmetry structures, so that a proper circular waveguide is designed to be connected with the coaxial output end of a microwave source to obtain good matching, two paths of rectangular waveguides are vertically connected with the circular waveguide, a short circuit arm is formed at the connection position of the circular waveguide and the rectangular waveguide to realize mode matching in the conversion process from the circular waveguide TM01 mode to the two paths of rectangular waveguide TE10 modes, and corresponding parameters of the power divider are calculated through a mode matching method. After microwaves enter the feed waveguides of the two subarrays respectively through the two rectangular waveguides, TE10 modes are mainly transmitted in the waveguides, so that the intermediate field is strong, the field intensity at two sides is small, the field intensity is not uniformly distributed in the waveguides, therefore, a feed probe with a large coupling quantity adjusting range is selected, the coupling quantity is properly adjusted by adjusting parameters such as the height of a coupling ring, and the like, so that constant-amplitude output of each feed port is realized, the energy extracted by the coupling probe is output through the coaxial feed port, and the antenna is excited by a method of connecting the inner conductor of the coaxial feed port with the spiral antenna.
In this example, each helical antenna in the helical antenna array has the same structure, the initial phase of each helical antenna can be adjusted by rotating the helical antenna of the feed port, and in-phase excitation of all the helical antennas and axial radiation of the antenna array can be realized.
Simulation results show that the main indexes of the antenna system of the example are as follows: the standing wave ratio of the array at the center frequency point of 1.575GHz is 1.31, the reflection coefficient is 0.137, the internal reflection coefficient of the whole frequency band of 1.56-1.61 GHz is smaller than 0.2, the gain reaches 26.3dB when the antenna array radiates axially, the axial ratio is 0.58dB, the 3dB bandwidth is 4.3 degrees, the side lobe level is-13.4 dB, and the radiation power can reach GW level.
Claims (10)
1. The spiral antenna system is formed by two groups of spiral antenna arrays with the same structure in parallel; the spiral antenna array is characterized by comprising a side feed type feed network and spiral antennas connected with feed ports of the side feed type feed network; the side feed type feed network comprises a feed waveguide, a first waveguide, a transition waveguide and a second waveguide which are sequentially connected; the connection part of the feed waveguide and the first waveguide is provided with a bending structure; the first waveguide, the transition waveguide and the second waveguide are rectangular waveguides, and the widths of the upper bottom plates of the rectangular waveguides are the same and are in the same plane; the first waveguide thickness is greater than the second waveguide; the thickness of the transition waveguide at the inlet is the same as that of the first waveguide, and the thickness of the transition waveguide at the outlet is the same as that of the second waveguide; the upper bottom plate is distributed with feed ports; the bottom ends of the two groups of spiral antenna array feed waveguides are closed and communicated with each other, and the communication part of the two groups of spiral antenna array feed waveguides is connected with the input end of the waveguide; the waveguide input end is formed by sequentially connecting a first coaxial waveguide, a second coaxial waveguide and a circular waveguide, wherein the first coaxial waveguide, the second coaxial waveguide and the circular waveguide are coaxial, the first coaxial waveguide is connected with a microwave source, and the circular waveguide is connected with a feed waveguide.
2. The helical antenna system of claim 1, wherein the helical antenna is a short helical antenna.
3. The helical antenna system of claim 1, wherein said communication has a chamfer configuration.
4. The helical antenna system of claim 1, wherein the bend angle of the bend structure is pi/2.
5. The helical antenna system of claim 1, wherein the waveguide input end is perpendicular to the feed waveguide.
6. The helical antenna system of claim 1, wherein the first coaxial waveguide outer conductor diameter is greater than the second coaxial waveguide outer conductor diameter, the first coaxial waveguide inner conductor diameter is greater than the second coaxial waveguide inner conductor diameter and less than the second coaxial waveguide outer conductor diameter, and the circular waveguide diameter is greater than the first coaxial waveguide outer conductor diameter and less than the second coaxial waveguide outer conductor diameter.
7. The helical antenna system of claim 6, wherein the inner conductor and/or the outer conductor where the first coaxial waveguide and the second coaxial waveguide are joined has a chamfer structure.
8. The helical antenna system of claim 6, wherein the second coaxial waveguide inner conductor top has a chamfer configuration.
9. The helical antenna system of claim 1, wherein the feed port has a coupling amount adjustment structure.
10. The helical antenna system of claim 9, wherein the coupling amount adjustment structure comprises a coupling loop and/or a coupling post.
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| CN112164884B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-12-27 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Satellite-borne helical array antenna feed probe with multiple degrees of freedom and consistent amplitude and phase |
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