CN108767474B - Novel OAM wave beam generation device - Google Patents

Novel OAM wave beam generation device Download PDF

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CN108767474B
CN108767474B CN201810562115.8A CN201810562115A CN108767474B CN 108767474 B CN108767474 B CN 108767474B CN 201810562115 A CN201810562115 A CN 201810562115A CN 108767474 B CN108767474 B CN 108767474B
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substrate
feed network
radiation
patches
feed
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CN108767474A (en
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董健
谭顺余
姜泽锋
邓联文
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Central South University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel OAM wave beam generating device, which comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a ground plate, N radiation patches and a feed network, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are insulating medium substrates, and the ground plate is a conductive medium ground plate; the back surface of the first substrate, the grounding plate and the front surface of the second substrate are sequentially attached; the N radiation patches are arranged on the front surface of the first substrate, and the feed network is arranged on the back surface of the second substrate; the N radiation patches form an N-array element circular antenna array, the center positions of the N radiation patches are on the same circumference, and the radius of the circumference is 0.35-0.8 times of the corresponding wavelength of the resonant frequency; the radiation patch is a linear polarization antenna; the input end of the feed network is a signal input port, and the output end of the feed network is connected with each radiation patch. The invention reduces the use of phase shifters, reduces the complexity of the feed network and simplifies the design of the feed network.

Description

Novel OAM wave beam generation device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a novel OAM wave beam generation device.
Background
In recent years, Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams have attracted much attention because they show the potential to transmit multiple signals simultaneously at the same frequency, which can be used to increase spectral efficiency and thus channel capacity. The use of OAM beams was initially focused in the optical region, and more recently, radio communication and radar imaging at lower frequencies were proposed.
The devices that generate OAM beams are generally of two types: the first type is an OAM beam generated by plane wave transformation, such as a variable spiral phase plate, etc.; the second category generates OAM beams from phased uniform circular arrays, which are essentially circular arrays of N antenna elementsColumns feeding signals of the same amplitude while ensuring that there is a continuous phase delay between the antenna elements
Figure BDA0001683545980000011
Where the integer l is the OAM mode number.
However, in order to generate continuous phase delay between array elements, these conventional OAM beam generation apparatuses need to add a plurality of phase shifters to a feed network, which makes the conventional apparatuses relatively complicated in apparatus design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel OAM wave beam generating device which is simple, reliable and wide in application range.
The novel OAM wave beam generating device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a ground plate, N radiation patches and a feed network, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are insulating medium substrates, and the ground plate is a conductive medium ground plate; the back surface of the first substrate, the grounding plate and the front surface of the second substrate are sequentially attached; the N radiating patches are arranged on the front surface of the first substrate, and the feed network is arranged on the back surface of the second substrate; the N radiation patches form a circular antenna array with N array elements, the center positions of the N radiation patches are on the same circumference, and the radius of the circumference is 0.35-0.8 times of the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency; the radiation patch is a linear polarization antenna; the input end of the feed network is a signal input port, the output end of the feed network is respectively connected with each radiation patch, and N is a natural number.
The feed mode of the radiation patch is coaxial line center feed.
The feed network is a microstrip line feed network.
The microstrip line feed network is provided with a plurality of triangular notches for reducing reflection and radiation caused by discontinuity of microstrip lines at corners.
The feed of the linear polarization antenna is coaxial line center feed.
The linearly polarized antenna is a rectangular radiation patch, a U-shaped groove is formed in the rectangular radiation patch, the symmetric center of the rectangle where the U-shaped groove is located coincides with the symmetric center of the rectangular radiation patch, and the effective length L of the U-shaped groove meets the following formula:
Figure BDA0001683545980000021
in which L is the effective length of the U-shaped groove, lambdagIs the waveguide wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, f0In order to be at the resonant frequency,effis the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate and
Figure BDA0001683545980000022
ris the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
The 1 st to the Nth radiation patches are respectively rotated by an angle X1～XNAnd complementary feeding corresponding extra phase through the feed network can generate OAM wave beam with mode number l, wherein l is positive integer, and
Figure BDA0001683545980000031
the radiation patches are numbered continuously in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction, and N is the number of the radiation patches.
The rotation angle and the corresponding extra phase are calculated by adopting the following steps:
(1) the rotation angle of the ith radiation patch (i ═ 1,2, 3.., N) is calculated using the following formula:
Figure BDA0001683545980000037
in the formula XiIs the rotation angle of the ith radiation patch,
Figure BDA0001683545980000032
fix (a, b) is defined as a function taking the integer part of a/b,
Figure BDA0001683545980000033
is the ith one when the traditional phased uniform circular array generates OAM wave beamsRelative phase of the radiating patch feed signal and
Figure BDA0001683545980000034
(2) calculating the corresponding extra phase to be fed by the feeder line of the ith radiating patch using the following formula:
Figure BDA0001683545980000035
in the formula
Figure BDA0001683545980000036
The corresponding extra phase that needs to be fed for the feeder line of the ith radiating patch, mod (a, b) is defined as a function of the remainder part of a/b.
The novel OAM wave beam generating device skillfully designs the linear polarization unit of the central feed, replaces the feed phase of m x 180 degrees by rotating the linear polarization antenna m x 180 degrees, and generates the OAM wave beam by supplementing and feeding corresponding extra phases through the feed network, thereby effectively reducing the use of a phase shifter and greatly reducing the complexity of the feed network; moreover, the linearly polarized antenna unit is center-fed, so that all feeding points are still on the same circumference after rotation, the design of a feeding network is simplified, and the application range of the linearly polarized antenna unit is greatly increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a linearly polarized antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation of OAM beams with a mode number of 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a feeding network according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a field phase diagram of a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the antenna when the OAM beam with the mode number of 2 is generated according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a side view of the first embodiment of the present invention: the novel OAM wave beam generating device provided by the invention comprises a first substrate 104, a second substrate 106, a grounding plate 105, N radiation patches 101 and a feed network 102, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are insulating medium substrates, and the grounding plate is a conductive medium grounding plate; the back surface of the first substrate, the grounding plate and the front surface of the second substrate are sequentially attached; the N radiating patches are arranged on the front surface of the first substrate, and the feed network is arranged on the back surface of the second substrate; the N radiation patches form a circular antenna array with N array elements, the center positions of the N radiation patches are on the same circumference, and the radius of the circumference is 0.35-0.8 times of the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency; the radiation patch is a linear polarization antenna; the input end 103 of the feed network is a signal input port, the output end of the feed network is respectively connected with each radiation patch, and N is a natural number.
Meanwhile, the feed mode of the radiation patch is coaxial line center feed; the feed network is a microstrip line feed network; the feed of the linear polarization antenna is coaxial line center feed.
As can be seen from fig. 1, there are 8 groups of radiation patches, and the radiation patches in the 12 o' clock direction (uppermost in the figure) are numbered 1 to 8 in this order.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a linearly polarized antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention: the linearly polarized antenna is a rectangular radiation patch, a U-shaped groove is formed in the rectangular radiation patch, the symmetric center of the rectangle where the U-shaped groove is located coincides with the symmetric center of the rectangular radiation patch, and the effective length L of the U-shaped groove meets the following formula:
Figure BDA0001683545980000051
in which L is the effective length of the U-shaped groove, lambdagIs the waveguide wavelength, c is the speed of light in vacuum, f0In order to be at the resonant frequency,effis the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate and
Figure BDA0001683545980000052
ris the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation of OAM beams with a pattern number of 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention: the 1 st to the Nth radiation patches are respectively rotated by an angle X1～XNAnd complementary feeding corresponding extra phase through the feed network can generate OAM wave beam with mode number l, wherein l is positive integer, and
Figure BDA0001683545980000053
the radiating patches are numbered consecutively in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
The rotation angle and the corresponding additional phase are calculated using the following steps:
(1) the rotation angle of the ith radiation patch (i ═ 1,2, 3.., N) is calculated using the following formula:
Figure BDA0001683545980000054
in the formula XiIs the rotation angle of the ith radiation patch,
Figure BDA0001683545980000055
fix (a, b) is defined as a function taking the integer part of a/b,
Figure BDA0001683545980000056
is the relative phase of the feed signal of the ith radiation patch when the traditional phased uniform circular array generates OAM wave beams and
Figure BDA0001683545980000057
(2) calculating the corresponding extra phase to be fed by the feeder line of the ith radiating patch using the following formula:
Figure BDA0001683545980000061
in the formula
Figure BDA0001683545980000062
The corresponding extra phase that needs to be fed for the feeder line of the ith radiating patch, mod (a, b) is defined as a function of the remainder part of a/b.
From the above description, it can be known that the technical solution of the present invention is to rotate the ith radiation patch by XiAngle and supplementary feeding of corresponding in the feeding network
Figure BDA0001683545980000063
And the corresponding OAM wave beam can be generated by the phase.
Taking the schematic diagram of the first embodiment in fig. 4 when generating OAM beams with the mode number of 2 as an example: in the figure, N is 8, the mode number l is 2,
Figure BDA0001683545980000064
then
Figure BDA0001683545980000065
Figure BDA0001683545980000066
Corresponding to, m1＝0，m2＝0，m3＝1，m4＝1，m5＝2，m6＝2，m7＝3，m83; to obtain X1＝0，X2＝0，X3＝180°，X4＝180°，X5＝360°，X6＝360°，X7＝540°，X8540 °; thereby obtaining
Figure BDA0001683545980000067
The above calculation results, which are reflected in fig. 4, are: the radiation patches 1 and 2 do not rotate, the radiation patches 3 and 4 rotate 180 °, the radiation patches 5 and 6 rotate 360 ° (representing no rotation), and the radiation patches 7 and 8 rotate 540 ° (expressed as a rotation of 180 °), while in order to ensure a reliable output of the corresponding OAM beam, it is required to feed the corresponding phase through the feeding network, in particular the 1 st radiating patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA0001683545980000068
The 2 nd radiating patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA0001683545980000069
The 3 rd radiating patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA00016835459800000610
The 4 th radiation patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA00016835459800000611
The 5 th radiation patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA00016835459800000612
The 6 th radiation patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA00016835459800000613
The 7 th radiation patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA00016835459800000614
The 8 th radiation patch feeding phase is
Figure BDA00016835459800000615
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a feeding network according to a first embodiment of the present invention: after all the parameters are calculated, input points and output points of the feed network are confirmed, so that the corresponding feed network can be designed by adopting the prior art (simulation design and experimental confirmation) according to the corresponding phase fed by the feed network; n in fig. 5 is 8, so a 1-path to 8-path feed network is designed, the feed network is symmetrical about a central origin, the port 1 is an input port, the ports 2 to 9 are output ports, and the microstrip line widths of the feed network have four types, namely 1.5mm, 4.2mm, 6.5mm and 9.8 mm; the lengths of the right-angle sides of the triangle cut at the positions a, b, c and d are respectively 4.9mm, 2.1mm, 0.75mm and 1.8 mm.
In addition, specific parameters labeled in fig. 1 to 5 are as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 design parameter schematic table (Unit: mm)
L W L0 W0 L1 gap h1 h2
170 170 26.7 22.8 8 0.1 1.6 0.8
Fig. 6 shows a field phase diagram perpendicular to a plane in the propagation direction of the antenna when the OAM beam with the mode number of 2 is generated according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 6, the antenna system generates a helical phase beam, and the number of modes of OAM is 2.

Claims (6)

1. A novel OAM wave beam generating device is characterized by comprising a first substrate, a second substrate, a grounding plate,NThe first substrate and the second substrate are insulating medium substrates, and the grounding plate is a conductive medium grounding plate; the back surface of the first substrate, the grounding plate and the front surface of the second substrate are sequentially attached;Nthe radiating patches are arranged on the front surface of the first substrate, and the feed network is arranged on the back surface of the second substrate;Na radiation patch assemblyN A circular antenna array of array elements, anNThe central positions of the radiation patches are on the same circumference, and the radius of the circumference is 0.35-0.8 times of the wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency; the radiation patch is a linear polarization antenna; the input end of the feed network is a signal input port, the output end of the feed network is respectively connected with each radiation patch,Nis a natural number; by subjecting the alloy to the reaction of 1 st to 1 stNRespective rotation angles of the radiation patchesX 1~X N And supplementarily feeding corresponding extra phases through a feed network to generate a pattern number oflOf the OAM beam oflIs a positive integer, and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(ii) a The radiating patches are numbered consecutively in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction,Nthe number of the radiation patches; specifically, the following steps are adopted to calculate the rotation angle and the corresponding additional phase:
(1) calculating the rotation angle of the ith radiation patch by adopting the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
in the formulaX i Is as followsiThe angle of rotation of the individual radiating patches,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
，fix(a,b) Is defined as takinga/b
Is a function of the integer part of (a),
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
when the traditional phased uniform circular array generates OAM wave beamsiRelative phase of the individual radiating patches feeding signals and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
，i=1,2,…,N；
(2) calculating the corresponding extra phase to be fed by the feeder line of the ith radiating patch using the following formula:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
in the formula
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Is as followsiThe corresponding extra phase, mod (f), needed for feeding the feed line of the individual radiating patchesa,b) Is defined as takinga/bIs a function of the remainder portion of (a).
2. The OAM beam forming apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said radiating patches are fed by coaxial center feed.
3. The novel OAM beam generation apparatus of claim 2, wherein said feed network is a microstrip line feed network.
4. A novel OAM beam generation apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said microstrip feed network is provided with a plurality of triangular cutouts therein for reducing reflection and radiation caused by the discontinuity of microstrip lines at the corners.
5. The novel OAM beam generation apparatus of claim 4, wherein said feed of said linearly polarized antenna is a coaxial center feed.
6. The OAM beam generator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the linearly polarized antenna is a rectangular radiation patch, the rectangular radiation patch has a U-shaped slot, the symmetry center of the rectangle with the U-shaped slot coincides with the symmetry center of the rectangular radiation patch, and the effective length of the U-shaped slot is equal to the effective length of the U-shaped slotLThe following formula is satisfied:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
in the formulaLIs the effective length of the U-shaped groove,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is a wavelength of a wave-guide,cin order to be the speed of light in a vacuum,f 0in order to be at the resonant frequency,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
is the effective dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate and
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
is the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate.
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