CN104993243B - Ultra wide band electromagnetic horn - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种改善驻波比及高频辐射特性的新型超宽带喇叭天线，可应用于电磁兼容检测、微波测试及雷达通信系统等。The invention relates to a novel ultra-wideband horn antenna with improved standing wave ratio and high-frequency radiation characteristics, which can be applied to electromagnetic compatibility detection, microwave testing, radar communication systems and the like.
背景技术Background technique
超宽带天线技术，是当今国内外的一个研究热点。它早先起源于军用雷达领域，在雷达探测、反隐身技术、电子对抗等先进军事技术中已经证明了它的卓越性。近年来，超宽带技术逐渐被引入了民用领域，军事和民用领域的超宽带雷达和通信系统的超宽带天线备受重视，在宽带通信、扩频通信、探地雷达、冲激雷达、电磁兼容等瞬态电磁场领域获得大量应用。然而现有的宽带喇叭天线没有应用可调的金属栅侧壁，要么是一个固定的金属侧壁，要么是一个封闭的金属侧壁。在进行微波测试或微波应用时，不能同时满足所有频段有良好的电压驻波比及辐射方向图；后馈腔阻抗匹配部分的设计也不完善，不能有效的抑制后向电磁波的辐射，降低驻波、提高喇叭天线的增益。UWB antenna technology is a research hotspot at home and abroad. It originated in the field of military radar earlier, and has proved its excellence in advanced military technologies such as radar detection, anti-stealth technology, and electronic countermeasures. In recent years, ultra-wideband technology has been gradually introduced into the civilian field. Ultra-wideband radars in military and civilian fields and ultra-wideband antennas for communication systems have attracted much attention. A large number of applications have been obtained in the field of transient electromagnetic fields. However, the existing broadband horn antennas do not use adjustable metal grid sidewalls, and either have a fixed metal sidewall or a closed metal sidewall. When conducting microwave testing or microwave applications, it is not possible to have good VSWR and radiation patterns in all frequency bands at the same time; the design of the impedance matching part of the rear feed cavity is not perfect, and it cannot effectively suppress the radiation of backward electromagnetic waves and reduce the VSWR. wave, increase the gain of the horn antenna.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种改善驻波比及高频辐射特性的新型超宽带喇叭天线。In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel ultra-wideband horn antenna with improved VSWR and high-frequency radiation characteristics.
本发明技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种超宽带喇叭天线，包括：模式转换后馈腔部分、镶嵌于模式转换后馈腔部分中的同轴线激励部分、与模式转换后馈腔部分紧密连接的双脊喇叭部分。An ultra-broadband horn antenna, comprising: a mode-converted feed cavity, a coaxial excitation part embedded in the mode-converted feed cavity, and a double-ridge horn closely connected to the mode-converted feed cavity.
所述模式转换后馈腔部分包括：后馈腔腔体、后馈腔腔体底部的短路板、所述后馈腔腔体中心的十字凸起，所述后馈腔腔体的两窄边的中点分别设有两个楔体，所述楔体位于所述十字凸起的上下两侧且与所述十字凸起的上下两侧边紧密接触，所述楔体的左右两侧分别设有一斜体，所述斜体从所述后馈腔腔体的四角倾斜延伸至与所述楔体的左右两侧面边缘紧密接触，所述后馈腔腔体的两宽边中点的两斜体之间嵌入平行于电场方向的上脊和下脊，所述上脊和下脊位于所述十字凸起的左右两侧且与十字凸起的左右边缘紧密接触，所述上脊和下脊具有在双脊喇叭部分内沿传播方向延伸的曲线部分。The mode-conversion rear feed cavity part includes: a rear feed cavity cavity, a short circuit board at the bottom of the rear feed cavity cavity, a cross protrusion at the center of the rear feed cavity cavity, and two narrow sides of the rear feed cavity cavity The midpoints of the two wedges are respectively provided with two wedges, the wedges are located on the upper and lower sides of the cross protrusion and are in close contact with the upper and lower sides of the cross protrusion, and the left and right sides of the wedge are respectively set There is an italic body, which extends obliquely from the four corners of the rear feed cavity to closely contact with the edges of the left and right sides of the wedge, and between the two italics at the midpoint of the two broad sides of the rear feed cavity Embed the upper and lower ridges parallel to the direction of the electric field, the upper and lower ridges are located on the left and right sides of the cross protrusion and are in close contact with the left and right edges of the cross protrusion, and the upper and lower ridges have double A curved portion within the horn portion extending in the direction of propagation.
作为优选方式，所述同轴激励部分包括圆柱台、插入圆柱台中的直径小于圆柱台的金属套、插入金属套中的直径小于金属套的同轴探针，圆柱台和所述双脊喇叭部分的下脊相连，所述同轴探针沿电场方向插入所述上脊和下脊。As a preferred mode, the coaxial excitation part includes a cylindrical base, a metal sleeve inserted into the cylindrical base with a diameter smaller than the cylindrical base, a coaxial probe inserted into the metal sleeve with a diameter smaller than the metal sleeve, a cylindrical base and the double-ridge horn part The lower ridges are connected, and the coaxial probe is inserted into the upper and lower ridges along the direction of the electric field.
伸出的金属套相当于一个加载负载，可以改变探针上的电流分布，从而改善其辐射特性。同轴探针、金属套和圆柱台的渐变形成了同轴阻抗变换器，使得同轴到脊的转换的阻抗匹配问题得到改善。The protruding metal sleeve acts as a loading load, which can change the current distribution on the probe, thereby improving its radiation characteristics. The gradual deformation of the coaxial probe, the metal sleeve and the cylindrical platform forms a coaxial impedance transformer, which improves the impedance matching problem of the conversion from the coaxial to the ridge.
所述同轴探针固定在后馈腔腔体的宽边和上脊的耦合孔上，且保证两者上面的耦合孔同心；圆柱台和双脊喇叭部分的下脊采用相同材料形成一个整体，金属套和圆柱台用导电胶粘牢，保证良好的接触。The coaxial probe is fixed on the wide side of the rear feed cavity and the coupling hole on the upper ridge, and ensures that the coupling holes on the two are concentric; the cylindrical platform and the lower ridge of the double-ridge horn part are made of the same material to form a whole , The metal sleeve and the cylindrical platform are glued firmly with conductive adhesive to ensure good contact.
作为优选方式，所述上脊和下脊的曲线部分为指数曲线加上一个线性部分修正的曲线渐变而成的脊，满足公式：As a preferred mode, the curved parts of the upper ridge and the lower ridge are ridges formed by an exponential curve plus a linear part of the modified curve, which satisfies the formula:
z(y)＝0.02y+z(0)eky (0≤y≤L)，其中z表示与上、下脊的中心的垂直距离，y表示离波导后馈腔短路版的垂直距离，z(0)＝0.5mm表示离原点坐标的初始值，L表示脊的整个长度，k的取值如公式所示。z(y)=0.02y+z(0)e ky (0≤y≤L), Where z represents the vertical distance from the center of the upper and lower ridges, y represents the vertical distance from the short-circuit version of the waveguide rear feed cavity, z(0)=0.5mm represents the initial value of the coordinates from the origin, L represents the entire length of the ridge, k The value of is shown in the formula.
作为优选方式，所述双脊喇叭部分为由喇叭宽边侧壁、喇叭窄边侧壁组成的锥台，锥台的顶端紧密连接模式转换后馈腔部分，所述双脊喇叭部分的喇叭窄边侧壁上设有沿传播方向位置可调的金属栅。As a preferred mode, the double-ridge horn part is a frustum consisting of a wide side wall of the horn and a narrow side wall of the horn. A metal grid whose position can be adjusted along the propagation direction is arranged on the side wall.
作为优选方式，所述双脊喇叭部分的喇叭窄边侧壁上设有沿传播方向设置的调节槽，所述金属栅通过螺栓固定在调节槽中。As a preferred manner, the side wall of the narrow side of the horn of the double-ridge horn part is provided with an adjustment slot along the propagation direction, and the metal grid is fixed in the adjustment slot by bolts.
作为优选方式，所述调节槽为沿传播方向设置的一条通槽，当各金属栅紧密结合时侧壁构成一个连续的金属面。As a preferred manner, the regulating groove is a through groove arranged along the propagation direction, and when the metal grids are tightly combined, the side walls form a continuous metal surface.
传统的宽带喇叭天线工作在12GHz频率以上的时候，主瓣的辐射方向图会分裂成4个大的旁瓣，并且增益下降到只有6dBm。开边界的金属喇叭天线高频性能比较好，但是低频(1～4GHz)性能不好，增益低、驻波大。而将喇叭天线的侧壁换成可调的金属栅之后，将它们均匀分布可以满足开边界喇叭天线的性能，高频增益好且超过12GHz之后，主瓣方向图没有恶化，将金属栅紧密结合时侧壁又构成一个连续的金属面从而成为一个传统的喇叭天线侧壁，可以使得天线的低频性能改善，驻波降低，增益变大。When the traditional broadband horn antenna works above 12GHz, the radiation pattern of the main lobe will be split into four large side lobes, and the gain will drop to only 6dBm. The metal horn antenna with open border has better high-frequency performance, but the low-frequency (1-4GHz) performance is not good, with low gain and large standing wave. After replacing the side wall of the horn antenna with an adjustable metal grid, they can be evenly distributed to meet the performance of the open-boundary horn antenna. After the high-frequency gain is good and exceeds 12GHz, the main lobe pattern does not deteriorate, and the metal grid is tightly combined. When the side wall forms a continuous metal surface, it becomes a traditional horn antenna side wall, which can improve the low-frequency performance of the antenna, reduce the standing wave, and increase the gain.
作为优选方式，所述金属栅为3-8个，所述金属栅的宽度6～8mm。As a preferred manner, the number of the metal grids is 3-8, and the width of the metal grids is 6-8 mm.
金属栅太多或者太宽的话不利于调节金属栅，满足最佳的工作效率，太少或者太窄的话，不能使得侧壁构成一个完整的面，低频的阻抗匹配会不好。If the metal grid is too much or too wide, it is not conducive to adjusting the metal grid to meet the best working efficiency. If it is too small or too narrow, the sidewall cannot form a complete surface, and the impedance matching at low frequencies will be poor.
作为优选方式，所述十字凸起的长度为12～14mm，宽度4～6mm，高度4～6mm。As a preferred manner, the cross protrusions have a length of 12-14 mm, a width of 4-6 mm, and a height of 4-6 mm.
这样的尺寸可以形成良好的阻抗匹配，减小电磁波后向辐射、降低驻波、提高增益。Such a size can form a good impedance matching, reduce the backward radiation of electromagnetic waves, reduce standing waves, and increase gain.
本发明工作原理如下：The working principle of the present invention is as follows:
电磁波经过同轴探针通过耦合孔从后馈腔腔体的宽边中心处垂直于脊波导传输方向馈入，首先进入模式转换部分。从结构上看，模式转换部分主要由同轴探针、金属套、圆柱台、以及上脊、下脊构成。为了更好地进行模式转换，通过同轴探针过渡到金属套然后再过渡到圆柱台的方式使电磁场能量更加匹配的从同轴探针转换到脊波导段。同轴线中传输的为准TEM波，电场关于Φ方向对称，均匀分布在同轴探针中，同轴探针穿过上脊后电磁场能量分散，但电场能量主要被集中到了上脊和下脊之间。这样电场能量就能够从同轴探针中逐渐的过渡到脊波导段中。The electromagnetic wave is fed through the coaxial probe through the coupling hole from the center of the wide side of the rear feed cavity, perpendicular to the transmission direction of the ridge waveguide, and first enters the mode conversion part. From a structural point of view, the mode conversion part is mainly composed of a coaxial probe, a metal sleeve, a cylindrical platform, and an upper ridge and a lower ridge. In order to perform better mode conversion, the electromagnetic field energy is converted from the coaxial probe to the ridge waveguide segment by transitioning from the coaxial probe to the metal sleeve and then to the cylindrical platform to make the energy of the electromagnetic field more matched. The quasi-TEM wave is transmitted in the coaxial line. The electric field is symmetrical about the Φ direction and is evenly distributed in the coaxial probe. After the coaxial probe passes through the upper ridge, the electromagnetic field energy is dispersed, but the electric field energy is mainly concentrated on the upper ridge and the lower ridge. between the ridges. In this way, the electric field energy can gradually transition from the coaxial probe to the ridge waveguide section.
短路板上加置了一个十字凸起，并嵌入到模式转换后馈腔部分中，不仅能使短路板和模式转换后馈腔部分接触，而且能够改善喇叭天线的辐射特性尤其是高频段的方向图。斜体的存在使得模式转换后馈腔的窄边逐渐扩大，这种过渡能够使天线的驻波系数得到改善；而楔体的存在能够有效地改善天线的驻波及高频段的方向图。A cross protrusion is added on the short circuit board and embedded in the feed cavity part after the mode conversion, which not only makes the short circuit board contact with the feed cavity part after the mode conversion, but also improves the radiation characteristics of the horn antenna, especially the direction of the high frequency band picture. The existence of the italics makes the narrow side of the feed cavity gradually expand after the mode conversion, and this transition can improve the standing wave coefficient of the antenna; while the existence of the wedge can effectively improve the standing wave and the pattern of the high frequency band of the antenna.
双脊喇叭部分的窄边由多条可调金属栅组成，这种结构能在保证电流传输的同时大大的降低天线的回波损耗，使得喇叭天线工作在低频时具有良好的驻波比特性，工作在高频时方向图不会出现恶化，从而改善天线的辐射特性。The narrow side of the double-ridge horn part is composed of multiple adjustable metal grids. This structure can greatly reduce the return loss of the antenna while ensuring the current transmission, so that the horn antenna has good standing wave ratio characteristics when it works at low frequencies. When working at high frequencies, the pattern will not deteriorate, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna.
如上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：该天线采用直插馈电式结构，通过同轴到脊的转换，电磁能量馈入到天线中；利用金属套、短路板、斜体、楔体、喇叭窄边侧壁等结构使得天线获得较小的电压驻波比和良好的辐射方向图，后馈腔采用十字形结构的阻抗匹配方式，在天线工作的整个频段，有效地减小了天线的驻波，提高了增益，运用同轴到脊过渡和阻抗匹配等方法进行分析设计，喇叭窄边侧壁由位置可调的金属栅构成，使得喇叭天线不仅具有良好的低频特性，而且高频辐射方向图不会出现恶化，在0.8～20GHz宽频带内得到满意的阻抗匹配及辐射特性，本文设计的基于可调金属栅侧壁、十字形后馈腔结构的超宽带喇叭天线因为具有功率容量大，频带宽，增益高，方向性好等优点，在航天航空，气象通讯和现代军事等领域将会有很好的应用前景。As mentioned above, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the antenna adopts an in-line feeding structure, through the conversion from coaxial to ridge, electromagnetic energy is fed into the antenna; The structure such as the narrow side wall enables the antenna to obtain a small VSWR and a good radiation pattern. The rear feed cavity adopts the impedance matching method of the cross structure, which effectively reduces the VSWR of the antenna in the entire frequency band of the antenna. Wave, improve the gain, use coaxial to ridge transition and impedance matching methods to analyze and design, the narrow side wall of the horn is composed of position-adjustable metal grid, so that the horn antenna not only has good low-frequency characteristics, but also high-frequency radiation direction There will be no deterioration in the figure, and satisfactory impedance matching and radiation characteristics can be obtained in the 0.8-20GHz broadband. The ultra-wideband horn antenna designed in this paper based on the adjustable metal grid side wall and the cross-shaped back-feed cavity structure has a large power capacity. With the advantages of wide frequency band, high gain, and good directivity, it will have a good application prospect in the fields of aerospace, meteorological communication, and modern military.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的整体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
图2是本发明的同轴线激励部分的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the excitation part of the coaxial line of the present invention.
图3是本发明的模式转换后馈腔部分的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeding cavity after mode conversion in the present invention.
图4是本发明的双脊喇叭部分的喇叭窄边侧壁的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the narrow side wall of the horn part of the double ridge horn part of the present invention.
图5是本发明的双脊喇叭部分的立体示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the double-ridge horn part of the present invention.
图6是本发明的VSWR曲线。Fig. 6 is a VSWR curve of the present invention.
图7是本发明在12GHz的E面和H面辐射方向图。Fig. 7 is the radiation pattern of the E plane and the H plane at 12 GHz of the present invention.
零件标号说明Part number description
1是同轴线激励部分，2是模式转换后馈腔部分，3是双脊喇叭部分，11是同轴线，12是金属套，13是圆柱台，21是短路版，22是斜体，23是楔体，211是十字凸起，24是后馈腔腔体，241是窄边，242是宽边，31是下脊，32是上脊，33是喇叭宽边侧壁，34是喇叭窄边侧壁，110是同轴探针，111是耦合孔，36是曲线部分，37是金属栅，38是调节槽。1 is the excitation part of the coaxial line, 2 is the feed cavity part after mode conversion, 3 is the double ridge horn part, 11 is the coaxial line, 12 is the metal sleeve, 13 is the cylindrical platform, 21 is the short circuit version, 22 is italic, 23 211 is the cross protrusion, 24 is the rear feed cavity, 241 is the narrow side, 242 is the wide side, 31 is the lower ridge, 32 is the upper ridge, 33 is the wide side wall of the horn, 34 is the narrow side of the horn On the side walls, 110 is a coaxial probe, 111 is a coupling hole, 36 is a curved portion, 37 is a metal grid, and 38 is an adjustment groove.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
一种超宽带喇叭天线，包括：模式转换后馈腔部分2、镶嵌于模式转换后馈腔部分中的同轴线激励部分1、与模式转换后馈腔部分2紧密连接的双脊喇叭部分3，An ultra-wideband horn antenna, comprising: a mode-converted feed cavity part 2, a coaxial line excitation part 1 embedded in the mode-converted feed cavity part, and a double-ridged horn part 3 closely connected to the mode-converted feed cavity part 2 ,
所述模式转换后馈腔部分包括：后馈腔腔体24、后馈腔腔体底部的短路板21、所述后馈腔腔体中心的十字凸起211，所述后馈腔腔体的两窄边241的中点分别设有两个楔体23，所述楔体位于所述十字凸起的上下两侧且与所述十字凸起的上下两侧边紧密接触，所述楔体的左右两侧分别设有一斜体22，所述斜体从所述后馈腔腔体的四角倾斜延伸至与所述楔体的左右两侧面边缘紧密接触，所述后馈腔腔体的两宽边242中点的两斜体之间嵌入平行于电场方向的上脊32和下脊31，所述上脊32和下脊31位于所述十字凸起的左右两侧且与十字凸起的左右边缘紧密接触，所述上脊和下脊具有在双脊喇叭部分内沿传播方向延伸的曲线部分36。The mode-conversion rear feed cavity part includes: a rear feed cavity cavity 24, a short circuit board 21 at the bottom of the rear feed cavity cavity, a cross protrusion 211 at the center of the rear feed cavity cavity, and a rear feed cavity cavity The midpoints of the two narrow sides 241 are respectively provided with two wedges 23, and the wedges are located on the upper and lower sides of the cross protrusion and are in close contact with the upper and lower sides of the cross protrusion. An oblique body 22 is respectively provided on the left and right sides, and the oblique body extends obliquely from the four corners of the rear feed cavity to closely contact with the edges of the left and right sides of the wedge, and the two wide sides 242 of the rear feed cavity The upper ridge 32 and the lower ridge 31 parallel to the direction of the electric field are embedded between the two italics at the midpoint, and the upper ridge 32 and the lower ridge 31 are located on the left and right sides of the cross protrusion and are in close contact with the left and right edges of the cross protrusion , the upper and lower ridges have curved portions 36 extending in the direction of propagation within the double-ridged horn portion.
所述同轴激励部分1包括圆柱台13、插入圆柱台中的直径小于圆柱台的金属套12、插入金属套中的直径小于金属套12的同轴探针110，圆柱台13和所述双脊喇叭部分的下脊相连，所述同轴探针沿电场方向插入所述上脊和下脊。The coaxial excitation part 1 includes a cylindrical platform 13, a metal sleeve 12 inserted into the cylindrical platform with a diameter smaller than the cylindrical platform, a coaxial probe 110 inserted into the metal sleeve with a diameter smaller than the metal sleeve 12, the cylindrical platform 13 and the double ridge The lower ridges of the horn portion are connected, and the coaxial probe is inserted into the upper and lower ridges along the direction of the electric field.
伸出的金属套相当于一个加载负载，可以改变探针上的电流分布，从而改善其辐射特性。同轴探针、金属套和圆柱台的渐变形成了同轴阻抗变换器，使得同轴到脊的转换的阻抗匹配问题得到改善。The protruding metal sleeve acts as a loading load, which can change the current distribution on the probe, thereby improving its radiation characteristics. The gradual deformation of the coaxial probe, the metal sleeve and the cylindrical platform forms a coaxial impedance transformer, which improves the impedance matching problem of the conversion from the coaxial to the ridge.
同轴线11内的同轴探针110固定在后馈腔腔体的宽边和上脊的耦合孔111上，且保证两者上面的耦合孔同心；圆柱台和双脊喇叭部分的下脊采用相同材料形成一个整体，金属套和圆柱台13用导电胶粘牢，保证良好的接触。The coaxial probe 110 in the coaxial line 11 is fixed on the wide side of the rear feed cavity and the coupling hole 111 on the upper ridge, and ensures that the coupling holes on the two are concentric; the cylindrical platform and the lower ridge of the double ridge horn part The same material is used to form a whole, and the metal sleeve and the cylindrical platform 13 are glued firmly with conductive glue to ensure good contact.
所述上脊和下脊的曲线部分为指数曲线加上一个线性部分修正的曲线渐变而成的脊，满足公式：The curved parts of the upper ridge and the lower ridge are ridges formed by an exponential curve plus a linear part of the modified curve, which satisfies the formula:
z(y)＝0.02y+z(0)eky (0≤y≤L)，其中z表示与上、下脊的中心的垂直距离，y表示离波导后馈腔短路版的垂直距离，z(0)＝0.5mm表示离原点坐标的初始值，L表示脊的整个长度，k的取值如公式所示。z(y)=0.02y+z(0)e ky (0≤y≤L), Where z represents the vertical distance from the center of the upper and lower ridges, y represents the vertical distance from the short-circuit version of the waveguide rear feed cavity, z(0)=0.5mm represents the initial value of the coordinates from the origin, L represents the entire length of the ridge, k The value of is shown in the formula.
所述双脊喇叭部分3为由喇叭宽边侧壁33、喇叭窄边侧壁34组成的锥台，锥台的顶端紧密连接模式转换后馈腔部分2，所述双脊喇叭部分的喇叭窄边侧壁34上设有沿传播方向位置可调的金属栅37。The double ridge horn part 3 is a truncated cone made up of the wide side wall 33 of the horn and the narrow side wall 34 of the horn. A metal grid 37 whose position is adjustable along the propagation direction is provided on the side wall 34 .
所述双脊喇叭部分的喇叭窄边侧壁34上设有沿传播方向设置的调节槽38，所述金属栅通过螺栓固定在调节槽38中。The horn narrow side wall 34 of the double-ridge horn part is provided with an adjustment slot 38 along the propagation direction, and the metal grid is fixed in the adjustment slot 38 by bolts.
所述调节槽38为沿传播方向设置的一条通槽，这样能把各金属栅调节成紧挨在一起使其紧密结合，则侧壁构成一个连续的由金属栅组成的金属面。The adjustment groove 38 is a through groove arranged along the propagation direction, so that the metal grids can be adjusted to be close together to make them tightly bonded, and the side walls form a continuous metal surface composed of metal grids.
传统的宽带喇叭天线工作在12GHz频率以上的时候，主瓣的辐射方向图会分裂成4个大的旁瓣，并且增益下降到只有6dBm。开边界的金属喇叭高频性能比较好，但是低频(1～4GHz)性能不好，增益低、驻波大。而将喇叭天线的侧壁换成可调的金属栅之后，将它们均匀分布可以满足开边界喇叭天线的性能，高频增益好且超过12GHz之后，主瓣方向图没有恶化，将金属栅紧密结合时侧壁又构成一个连续的金属面从而成为一个传统的喇叭天线侧壁，可以使得天线的低频性能改善，驻波降低，增益变大。When the traditional broadband horn antenna works above 12GHz, the radiation pattern of the main lobe will be split into four large side lobes, and the gain will drop to only 6dBm. Metal speakers with open borders have better high-frequency performance, but low-frequency (1-4GHz) performance is not good, with low gain and large standing waves. After replacing the side wall of the horn antenna with an adjustable metal grid, they can be evenly distributed to meet the performance of the open-boundary horn antenna. After the high-frequency gain is good and exceeds 12GHz, the main lobe pattern does not deteriorate, and the metal grid is tightly combined. When the side wall forms a continuous metal surface, it becomes a traditional horn antenna side wall, which can improve the low-frequency performance of the antenna, reduce the standing wave, and increase the gain.
所述金属栅为3-8个，每个金属栅的宽度为6～8mm。金属栅太多或者太宽的话不利于调节金属栅，满足最佳的工作效率，太少或者太窄的话，不能使得侧壁构成一个完整的面，低频的阻抗匹配会不好。There are 3-8 metal grids, and the width of each metal grid is 6-8 mm. If the metal grid is too much or too wide, it is not conducive to adjusting the metal grid to meet the best working efficiency. If it is too small or too narrow, the sidewall cannot form a complete surface, and the impedance matching at low frequencies will be poor.
所述十字凸起的长度为12～14mm，宽度4～6mm，高度4～6mm。The length of the cross protrusion is 12-14 mm, the width is 4-6 mm, and the height is 4-6 mm.
这样的尺寸可以形成良好的阻抗匹配，减小电磁波后向辐射、降低驻波、提高增益。Such a size can form a good impedance matching, reduce the backward radiation of electromagnetic waves, reduce standing waves, and increase gain.
从图6可以看出，天线在0.8～20GHz的整个工作频带内，驻波都小于2，满足天线工作的驻波要求。从图7可以看出，12GHz以上的辐射方向图没有出现恶化，大大提高的工作带宽，改善了高频性能。It can be seen from Figure 6 that the standing wave of the antenna is less than 2 in the entire working frequency band of 0.8-20 GHz, which meets the standing wave requirement of the antenna. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the radiation pattern above 12 GHz has not deteriorated, and the greatly increased operating bandwidth has improved high-frequency performance.
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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