CN114824808A - Double-ridge horn antenna based on linear tapered ridge width - Google Patents
Double-ridge horn antenna based on linear tapered ridge width Download PDFInfo
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- CN114824808A CN114824808A CN202210401699.7A CN202210401699A CN114824808A CN 114824808 A CN114824808 A CN 114824808A CN 202210401699 A CN202210401699 A CN 202210401699A CN 114824808 A CN114824808 A CN 114824808A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
- H01Q13/0275—Ridged horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/005—Damping of vibrations; Means for reducing wind-induced forces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
Abstract
The application discloses a double-ridge horn antenna based on linear tapered ridge width, which comprises a horn shell, a waveguide section, an upper ridge, a lower ridge and a coaxial feeder line, wherein the bottom end of the horn shell is connected with the waveguide section, the upper ridge and the lower ridge are respectively fixed on the inner walls of two opposite side walls of the horn shell, the upper ridge and the lower ridge are same in structure, a ridge line of the horn shell comprises a straight line section and a curve section, the curve section adopts a cubic Bezier curve, the coordinate value of a control point at the tail end of the curve is greater than that of a tail end point, the coaxial feeder line penetrates through the top end of the waveguide section, an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the coaxial feeder line are respectively connected with the upper ridge and the lower ridge, the waveguide section is of a cubic structure, and an integrally-formed wedge-shaped structure cavity is arranged inside the waveguide section; the width of the upper ridge and the width of the lower ridge gradually change from EF to EH along the length direction of the ridges. This application has solved antenna frequency bandwidth and directional diagram bandwidth problem through carrying out unique design to antenna form and structure, and antenna gain also promotes greatly to the structure is also simple relatively.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to the technical field of ultra-wideband antennas, and more particularly relates to a double-ridge horn antenna based on linear tapering ridge width.
Background
The ultra-wideband antenna technology is a hot spot of antenna research at home and abroad at present. Military applications are mainly in radar monitoring, anti-stealth techniques and electronic countermeasure, while civil applications are mainly in broadband communication, spread spectrum communication, ground penetrating radar, field monitoring and electromagnetic compatibility. An ultra-wideband antenna generally refers to an antenna having a ratio of the highest frequency to the lowest frequency of 10:1 or more. In practical applications, in order to normally operate in an ultra wideband system, it is necessary to ensure that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna reaches a sufficient width, and also to consider other performance indexes such as gain, efficiency, radiation pattern, and the like. Therefore, how to ensure that a plurality of performance indexes of the antenna meet a certain standard in a wider frequency range becomes a key point in the design of the ultra-wideband antenna.
At present, common ultra-wideband antennas can be roughly divided into small unit antennas such as biconical and discoidal antennas, bow-tie antennas and the like according to the shapes of the antennas; spiral antenna, log periodic antenna, etc. independent frequency antenna; and the deformation evolution of horn antennas such as ridged horn antennas and vivaldi antennas. As a typical form of an ultra-wideband antenna, a ridged horn antenna has the advantages of a wide frequency band, a small volume, good directivity, a low side lobe and the like, and is often used as a standard antenna in an electromagnetic compatibility test and other electromagnetic test systems, a feed source of a reflector antenna, a wideband array element and the like.
The traditional horn antenna has a relatively narrow working bandwidth, and is a method of being studied deeply and obtaining the best effect by adopting a ridge adding mode in the face of the fact that the requirement of the working frequency band which is wider and wider in practical application is very important. The ridged horn antenna is an antenna structure form which is gradually developed on the basis of the ridge waveguide theory, after the ridged mode is adopted, the cutoff frequency of a main mode in the waveguide is reduced, the working bandwidth of a secondary waveguide is expanded, and the characteristic impedance of the waveguide is obviously reduced after the ridge is added. Along with the establishment and gradual improvement of ridge waveguide theory, a linear type is added on the basis of an exponential curve by improving and optimizing the form of a ridge line, for example, John L.Kree (Kee J.short axial length fiber-band horns [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation,1973,21(5): 710-. For another example, Daniel (ocean D.A Modified TEM horns Antenna curved for oil well monitoring Applications) modifies the form of the ridge curve into three continuous curves with different forms, changes the caliber of the Horn Antenna to form a matching structure, and designs a Horn Antenna which works at 1.4-11ghz in the oil well monitoring background, wherein the Horn Antenna has the advantages of avoiding the generation of high-frequency lobe phenomenon, but has a relatively complex structure and a relatively limited working frequency band.
At present, for a large number of practical applications, such as electromagnetic compatibility tests, the antenna is required to cover a frequency band of 1-18GHz, and when the working frequency reaches above 12GHz, a main lobe of a directional diagram begins to split and the problems of fast fading of gain and the like are caused by the traditional structural form and the ridged horn antenna. For example, the invention patent with publication number CN105720373A, publication number 2016, 06, 29, entitled "wideband double-ridged horn antenna", still has the following problems: (1) the wedge-shaped structure is added to the waveguide section, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is increased, and meanwhile, the problem of high-power breakdown is easily caused due to the fact that the power capacity of the antenna is not considered in the design of the added wedge-shaped structure, and the wedge-shaped structure is more prominent; (2) the double ridges loaded on the horn sections reduce cut-off frequency, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is improved, but the improvement of the gain of the antenna is not considered, and the actual application scenes usually have requirements on the bandwidth and the gain of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems and the defects existing in the prior art, the application provides the double-ridge horn antenna based on the linear tapered ridge width, the problems of the frequency bandwidth and the directional diagram bandwidth of the antenna are solved by uniquely designing the form and the structure of the antenna, the gain of the antenna is greatly improved, the structure is relatively simple, and the engineering implementation and the use are easy.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:
a double-ridge horn antenna based on linear tapered ridge width comprises a horn shell, a waveguide section, an upper ridge, a lower ridge and a coaxial feeder line, wherein the bottom end of the horn shell is connected with the waveguide section, the upper ridge and the lower ridge are respectively fixed on the inner walls of two opposite side walls of the horn shell, the upper ridge and the lower ridge adopt the same structure, ridge lines of the upper ridge and the lower ridge comprise a straight line section and a curve section, the curve section adopts a cubic Bezier curve, the coordinate value of a control point at a tail end point of the curve is larger than that of a tail end point, the coaxial feeder line penetrates through the top end of the waveguide section, inner and outer conductors of the coaxial feeder line are respectively connected with the upper ridge and the lower ridge, the waveguide section is of a cubic structure, and a wedge-shaped structure cavity formed by integral forming is arranged inside the waveguide section; the widths of the upper ridge and the lower ridge are gradually changed from EF to EH along the length direction of the ridges, and the gradual change equation is that y is 0.45(z-0.3) +7.3 (z is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 68).
Furthermore, the loudspeaker shell is a rectangular cone structure and is formed by enclosing four side walls, the two side walls provided with the upper ridge and the lower ridge are metal plates, the remaining two side walls are formed by a plurality of support rods which are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the loudspeaker shell, and two ends of each support rod are fixedly connected with the metal plates on two sides respectively.
Furthermore, the long side dimension EK of the waveguide segment is 86mm, the wide side dimension EI is 66mm, the height ED is 20.3mm, the long side dimension EJ of the lower end face of the wedge-shaped structure cavity is 15mm, and the wide side dimension EG of the lower end face is 38 mm.
Further, the parametric equation expression of the cubic bezier curve is as follows:
wherein:
bezier_start_x＝0.5，bezier_tangent_to_start_x＝0.5；
bezier_tangent_to_end_x＝68；bezier_end_x＝68；
bezier_start_z＝3；bezier_tangent_to_start_z＝205；
bezier_tangent_to_end_z＝175.5；bezier_end_z＝175.5。
the support rods are arranged at equal intervals along the height direction of the loudspeaker shell.
The height EC of the horn shell is 68mm, the length EA of the horn mouth surface is 242mm, and the width EB of the horn mouth surface is 136 mm.
The beneficial effect of this application:
(1) this application has solved antenna frequency bandwidth and directional diagram bandwidth problem through carrying out unique design to antenna form and structure, and antenna gain also promotes greatly to the structure is simple relatively, easily engineering realization and use.
(2) The horn section loading double ridges of the antenna reduce cut-off frequency, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is improved, and the ridge width gradual change technology is provided creatively, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is more favorably adjusted, and the gain of the broadband horn antenna in the whole frequency band is greatly improved.
(3) The waveguide section cavity of the antenna is an integrally formed wedge-shaped cavity, so that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is increased, and the power capacity of the antenna is guaranteed.
(4) The utility model provides a loudspeaker shell structure, the lateral wall that is not provided with spine member adopts a plurality of bracing pieces to replace original metal sheet lateral wall, has not only guaranteed the structural strength of antenna, can also guarantee antenna quality and wind resistance ability simultaneously, the effectual engineering application prospect who promotes the antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a horn antenna according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a horn antenna according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a waveguide segment structure according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the horn antenna gain of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a return loss diagram of a horn antenna according to the present application;
fig. 6 is a horn antenna pattern of the present application.
In the drawings:
1. a horn housing; 2. a waveguide segment; 3. a superior spine; 4. a lower ridge; 5. a coaxial feed line; 6. a support bar; 7. a wedge-shaped structure cavity; 8. a metal plate; 9. a horn cavity wall structure; 10. a horn conversion structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present application will be further described below by using several specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present application include, but are not limited to, the following examples. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is known that a typical 1-18GHz double-ridge waveguide horn antenna suffers pattern splitting above 12 GHz. At these operating frequency points, the antenna pattern is not a main lobe, but is split into 4 lobes. This is because, as the operating frequency increases, the higher-order mode is gradually excited out, so that the field distribution in the waveguide cavity becomes complex, and thus the field distribution at the antenna aperture becomes complex, which not only results in an increase in the cross polarization of the antenna, but also results in a fission in the direction of the main polarization direction.
Based on this, this embodiment has proposed a two spine horn antenna based on linear tapering ridge width, through carry out unique structural design to waveguide part, two spine part and loudspeaker left and right sides lateral wall portion, not only successfully realized horn antenna work at 1-18GHz, antenna pattern does not appear splitting in whole operating frequency range moreover, simultaneously for traditional two spine horn antenna, the horn antenna of this application has higher gain, the main lobe is more concentrated, 3dB and 6dB beam width are littleer, this horn antenna that also lets this application is more applicable to actual demand and uses.
The horn antenna structure of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1-fig. 3 with reference to the description, and fig. 1-fig. 3 respectively show the front view, the side view and the detailed view of the waveguide section of the horn antenna, and the antenna structure mainly comprises three parts, namely an antenna horn section, an antenna waveguide section 2 and an antenna ridge, wherein the antenna ridge comprises an upper ridge 3 and a lower ridge 4, the horn section comprises a horn housing 1, the tail end of the horn housing 1 is connected with the open end of the top end of the waveguide section 2, the upper ridge 3 and the lower ridge 4 are respectively fixed on two opposite inner side walls of the horn housing 1, the upper ridge 3 and the lower ridge 4 have the same structure, and the ridge line comprises a straight line section and a curved line section; further, a coaxial feeder 5 is arranged on the waveguide section 2, the coaxial feeder 5 penetrates through the top end of the waveguide section 2, and an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the coaxial feeder 5 are respectively connected with the upper ridge 3 and the lower ridge 4; further, the waveguide section 2 is a cube structure with a cavity, the cavity is a wedge-shaped cavity 7 formed by integral molding, that is, when the waveguide section 2 is processed, the internal cavity structure is formed by processing in one step, and the side walls of the wedge-shaped cavity 7 are a pair of horn cavity wall structures 9 with the same structure and a pair of horn conversion structures 10 with the same structure. Specifically, the size and structure of the entire waveguide segment 2 are as follows, the long side dimension EK is 86mm, the wide side dimension EI is 66mm, the height ED is 20.3mm, the wide side dimension EJ of the lower end face of the wedge-shaped cavity 7 is 15mm, the long side dimension EG of the lower end face is 38mm, and the long side dimension and the wide side dimension of the upper end face of the wedge-shaped cavity are the same as those of the entire waveguide segment.
The waveguide section is used as an electromagnetic wave mode conversion structure, TEM waves fed in by the coaxial feed line are converted into a TE10 mode, the ridge waveguide is added, the cut-off wavelength of the waveguide can be increased, and the wavelength of a higher mode is reduced, so that the working frequency band of the antenna is widened.
Compared with the structure form of the traditional double-ridge waveguide and reflecting plate, the antenna waveguide segment structure successfully reduces the complexity of an antenna excitation part and simultaneously reduces gaps among complex structures, thereby not only reducing the processing precision, but also avoiding the influence of the gaps on antenna gain and standing wave.
The key point of the design lies in that the 50 ohm impedance of an input port is matched with the 377 ohm free space impedance, a section of straight line part and a section of exponential gradual change curve part are adopted in the traditional engineering, and better matching can be realized by changing the ridge curve form close to the horn mouth face so as to ensure the working bandwidth of the antenna. In this embodiment, a cubic bezier curve is used as a reference ridge curve of a double-ridge curve segment of the horn antenna, and then modulation is performed by adopting tapered gradual change of ridge width, so that the antenna gain is effectively improved while the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is optimized, and a cubic bezier curve equation is specifically as follows:
wherein:
bezier_start_x＝0.5，bezier_tangent_to_start_x＝0.5；
bezier_tangent_to_end_x＝68；bezier_end_x＝68；
bezier_start_z＝3；bezier_tangent_to_start_z＝205；
bezier_tangent_to_end_z＝175.5；bezier_end_z＝175.5；
the coordinate value of the control point of the tail end point of the curve is larger than that of the tail end point;
meanwhile, the widths of the upper ridge 3 and the lower ridge 4 are gradually changed from EF to EH along the length direction of the ridges, and the gradual change equation is as follows:
y＝0.45(z-0.3)+7.3(0.3≤z≤68)；
wherein y represents the ridge width.
Through the two equations, the Z direction is the horn axis direction, and the x direction is the design of the ridge part for realizing the double-ridge horn antenna.
Antenna horn section includes horn housing 1 of a rectangle centrum structure, main four lateral walls enclose to close and form, whole horn housing 1's high EC is 68mm, two lateral walls that are provided with spine 3 and spine 4 down are the metal sheet 8 structure, and remaining two lateral walls then constitute by a plurality of bracing pieces 6 along 1 direction of height equidistant range in proper order of horn housing, the both ends of bracing piece 6 respectively with the metal sheet 8 fixed connection of both sides, so can not only guarantee the structural strength of antenna, can also guarantee antenna quality and anti-wind ability simultaneously, the effectual engineering application prospect that has promoted the antenna. Finally, the entire flare face length EA is 242mm, and the flare face width EB is 136 mm.
For the above proposed dual-ridged horn antenna based on linear tapered ridge width, the present application makes a brief explanation of its final electrical performance. Referring to the description and to fig. 5, the operating bandwidth of the antenna can cover 1-18GHz at all. Meanwhile, the gain of the antenna is improved by more than 0.5dB on average compared with the gain of the prior double-ridged horn antenna, as shown in figure 4. Meanwhile, no beam splitting occurs in the frequency band of 1-18GHz, and E-plane and H-plane directional patterns at 18GHz are shown in FIG. 6.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, which are not limited thereto, and any simple modifications and equivalents thereof according to the technical spirit of the present invention may be made within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a two spine horn antennas based on linear tapering ridge width, includes loudspeaker shell (1), waveguide section (2), upper ridge (3), lower ridge (4) and coaxial feeder (5), the bottom of loudspeaker shell (1) is connected with waveguide section (2), upper ridge (3) and lower ridge (4) are fixed respectively on the inner wall of two relative lateral walls of loudspeaker shell (1), upper ridge (3) and lower ridge (4) adopt the same structure, and its ridge line includes straightway and curve section, and the curve section adopts cubic bezier curve, and the terminal point control point's of this curve coordinate value is greater than the coordinate value of terminal end point, coaxial feeder (5) pass the top of waveguide section (2), and its inner and outer conductor is connected with upper ridge (3) and lower ridge (4) respectively, its characterized in that: the waveguide section (2) is of a cubic structure, and a wedge-shaped structure cavity (7) which is integrally formed is arranged in the waveguide section; the widths of the upper ridge (3) and the lower ridge (4) are gradually changed from EF to EH along the length direction of the ridges, and the gradual change equation is that y is 0.45(z-0.3) +7.3 (z is more than or equal to 0.3 and is less than or equal to 68).
2. The double-ridged horn antenna based on linear tapering ridge width of claim 1, wherein: loudspeaker shell (1) is rectangle centrum structure, encloses by four lateral walls and closes and form, and two lateral walls that are provided with spine (3) and lower spine (4) are metal sheet (8), and remaining two lateral walls then constitute by a plurality of bracing pieces (6) that arrange in proper order along loudspeaker shell (1) direction of height, the both ends of bracing piece (6) respectively with metal sheet (8) fixed connection of both sides.
3. The double-ridged horn antenna based on linear tapering ridge width of claim 1, wherein: the long side EK of the waveguide section (2) is 86mm, the wide side EI is 66mm, the height ED is 20.3mm, the long side EJ of the lower end face of the wedge-shaped structure cavity (7) is 15mm, and the wide side EG of the lower end face is 38 mm.
4. The double-ridged horn antenna based on the linear tapered ridge width of claim 1, wherein: the parametric equation expression of the cubic bezier curve is as follows:
wherein:
bezier_start_x＝0.5，bezier_tangent_to_start_x＝0.5；
bezier_tangent_to_end_x＝68；bezier_end_x＝68；
bezier_start_z＝3；bezier_tangent_to_start_z＝205；
bezier_tangent_to_end_z＝175.5；bezier_end_z＝175.5。
5. the double-ridged horn antenna based on the linear tapered ridge width as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the support rods (6) are arranged at equal intervals along the height direction of the horn shell (1).
6. The double-ridged horn antenna based on linear tapering ridge width of claim 1, wherein: the height EC of the horn shell (1) is 68mm, the length EA of the horn mouth surface is 242mm, and the width EB of the horn mouth surface is 136 mm.
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