CN101580593A - 一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN101580593A
CN101580593A CN 200910107959 CN200910107959A CN101580593A CN 101580593 A CN101580593 A CN 101580593A CN 200910107959 CN200910107959 CN 200910107959 CN 200910107959 A CN200910107959 A CN 200910107959A CN 101580593 A CN101580593 A CN 101580593A
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刘权辉
史蒂芬
刘权耀
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Shenzhen Guoci Yongfengyuan Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,属于溶胶-凝胶组合物技术领域,包括如下步骤:1)将硅化物进行水解反应形成溶胶;2)将溶胶通过缩合反应形成溶胶-凝胶体系;3)添加含PVB树脂的色浆填加到凝胶溶液中形成着色溶胶-凝胶组合物。本发明还公开了着色溶胶-凝胶组合物在金属基材、玻璃基材或者陶瓷基材表面形成的涂层的应用。本发明工艺简单,通过单一的涂层来实现装饰效果,而且涂层厚度仅为1-3μm,具有很好的经济价值和广泛的应用价值。

Description

一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于溶胶-凝胶组合物技术领域,尤其是涉及一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法及其应用。
背景技术
玻璃基材通常通过悬浮在介质中的金属氧化物构成的陶瓷着色材料进行装饰,这种着色材料可应用于喷涂,或镂花涂装,或网印装饰。表面有陶瓷着色材料的物件经高温处理后,挥发性悬浮介质被挥发掉,陶瓷色料便与玻璃熔合为一体。
施于例如玻璃基材上的有色薄膜涂层,要求通过使用一般粘合剂如环氧基树脂、尿烷和丙烯酸粘合剂提高被涂层基体间、被涂层与未被涂层基体间的附着力;同时,也要求为基为提供强烈的色彩和强大的表面抗磨抗刮能力。最常见在基材表面施膜的方法有喷涂法、化学汽相淀积法、等离子体增强化学气相沉积法、喷溅涂覆法、热氧化法。这些方法大多都需要在基材上连续的多次施涂才能形成涂层,工艺复杂,而且得到的涂层较厚,起不到预想的装饰效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种工艺简单,通过单一的涂层来实现装饰效果,而且涂层厚度仅为1-3μm,解决现有技术存在的缺陷。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将硅化物进行水解反应形成溶胶;
2)将溶胶通过缩合反应形成形成溶胶-凝胶体系;
3)添加含PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)树脂的色浆添加到凝胶溶液中形成着色溶胶-凝胶组合物。
优选的方案是:所述的溶胶-凝胶体系为总体系的重量分数的50-75%,色浆中的染料或颜料、金属或非金属氧化物、有色金属离子的功能载体为总体系的重量分数的0.5-40%,PVB树脂为总体系的重量分数的20-30%。
优选的方案是:所述的硅化物包括至少一种A)满足通式(I)RaSiX(4-a)的有机硅化物,至少一种B)满足通式(II)SiX4的可水解硅化物,其中R为非水解基团,X为相同或者不同的水解基团或羟基,或者其衍生的低聚物,a的数值为0、1、2或3;所述的PVB树脂溶解于极性溶剂。
更为优选的方案是:步骤1)中所述的硅化物的可水解基团直接与Si原子相连;步骤3)中所述的含PVB树脂的色浆中的染料或颜料、金属或非金属氧化物、有色金属离子的功能载体的平均粒度在0.5至20μm之间的颗粒。
更为优选的方案是:所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物为(A)满足通式(I)RaSiX(4-a)的有机硅化物,(B)满足通式(II)SiX4的可水解硅化物,溶解于极性溶剂PVB树脂溶液,在含平均粒度直径在0.5至20μm之间的染料或颜料、金属或非金属氧化物、有色金属离子的功能载体作用下均质化反应形成。
更为优选的方案是:所述的(A)∶(B)的物质量比为5-50∶50-95。
更为优选的方案是:所述的可水解硅化物为正硅酸乙酯。
更为优选的方案是:所述的有机硅化物为苯基三乙氧基硅烷或甲基三乙氧基硅烷。
更为优选的方案是:所述的功能载体为偶氮染料、分散性染料、二萘嵌苯染料、三苯甲烷染料、还原染料、荧光染料、酞菁和碳黑颜料中的一种或多种组合。
本发明的另一目的在于提供前述发明目的所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法获得的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物在金属基材、玻璃基材或者陶瓷基材表面形成的涂层。
本发明发现基于改性交联聚有机硅氧烷涂料的物理及化学性质都颇具价值。他们能与各种材质的基体(金属如钢、黄铜、铝、镁;陶瓷;聚合物;玻璃)牢牢地粘合在一起,并且耐机器抗化学腐蚀,例如耐磨损并能抵抗大部分化学品的腐蚀。这些涂料的合成是通过有机硅化物(硅烷类)溶胶-凝胶过程实现的。有机硅化物(硅烷类)选择性地与金属烷氧化物如丙醇铝或-丁醇发生水解反应,形成了大量低聚并暂时稳定可冷凝的有机矽烷醇的水化合物,最后通过失水形成凝胶。
在合适的溶剂如乙醇水溶液或催化剂的混合溶液中混合会形成拥有例如硅、铝、硼、钛等阳离子的网状结构的金属烷氧化物。催化剂溶液中,烷基氧化物部分或全部水解,然后聚合形成像玻璃一样的氧化物分子或由氧原子联结的陶瓷网状结构。全部过程在使用正硅酸乙酯作为金属烷氧化物的情况下,包括两个主要反应。第一个反应是烷基氧化物水解形成羟基元素,反应式如下:
Si-(OCH2CH3)4+H2O→HO-Si(OCH2CH3)3+CH3CH2OH
第二个反应是从含羟基元素到形成金属-氧-金属粘合的缩合反应,反应式如下:
2HO-Si-(OCH2CH3)3→(CH3CH2O)3-Si-O-Si-(OCH2CH3)3+H2O;
n(CH3CH2O)3-Si-O-Si-(OCH2CH3)3→2n[SiO2]
这个反应可以进行到所有的羟基团都被消耗掉为止,结果会形成陶瓷型粘合网状结构。
本发明通过经济手段,在聚有机硅化物与PVB极性溶液混合的基础上,提供一种合适合成颜料涂层的有机改型系统。这种颜料涂层的硬度远远大于先前文献中描述的材料的硬度,而且固化处理时不需要填加任何催化剂。
首先,用PVB溶液分散或润湿颜料或染料功能载体作为预混合物,在此过程中,颗粒被有机促进剂润湿。除颜料或染料外,预混合物部分是有机聚合体可用作促进剂,如丙烯酸酯。着色颗粒的使用使目标凝胶剂拥有了新的品质,涂层可以显示颜色,一般来说,颜色可以是透明的也可以是不透明的;虽然看上去类似于传统的着色涂层,但与40-100μm的厚度相比,它们干燥薄膜的厚度却大大降低了,仅有1-3μm。
颜料和染料最佳平均大小为最小0.5μm,最好是在0.5-10μm.之间。适用于各种颜料,例如:
白色:二氧化钛,锌氧粉锌白,硫化锌,锌钡白;
黑色:碳黑,氧化铁黑,或尖晶石黑;
蓝色:铜酞菁,铁青蓝,青蓝,钴蓝,阴丹士林蓝;
紫色:二恶嗪紫;
绿色:铬绿,氧化铬绿,钴绿,酞菁绿;
黄色:氧化铁黄,铬酸铅,铋钒/-钼酸盐,镍-和铬-钛黄,黄色金属合成色料,黄色偶氮颜料,黄色羰基颜料;
红色/橙色:铁红,钼酸盐,红色偶氮颜料,红色羰基颜料,啶酮,紫環酮,首创吡咯吡咯二酮颜料;
以及其他颜色的染料或者颜料的功能载体。
根据本发明所述方法获得的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物在室温下储存时间为至少六个月到一年。为了调整组合物(例如用于喷绘)流变性能,根据其自身特性,可以用水或惰性溶剂(如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯)对其进行稀释。基体表面应用涂层可能会受到标准施涂层方法的影响,例如喷涂、浸涂、刷涂、滚涂、旋涂;特殊的喷涂和浸涂方法非常合适。组合物施于基体表面后,在摄氏180度下加热处理,液态组合物发生反应形成三维立体网状结构;涂层在室温下经热处理后,三天后可具有全部抵抗摩擦以及化学物质腐蚀的性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明:
实施例1
1.1溶胶-凝胶体系
往674.6克水、81.8克醋酸、81.8克乙醇加入689.3克正硅酸乙酯、312.5克甲基三乙氧基硅烷、347.8克苯基三乙氧基硅烷,在室温下搅拌;放热反应刚开始时加热几分钟,几秒之后变成单相反应;三小时搅拌后,反应结束;反应后形成溶胶-凝胶体系,透明并有些粘稠。
1.2PVB(Polyvinyl Butyral聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)极性溶液
19.6克MOVITAL B30H(KSE KURARAY)(商品名,主要成分为PVB)溶解于80.4克DOWANOL DPM(DOW)(商品名,,极性溶剂,主要成分为陶氏化学醇醚)中。PVB溶液变得清澈透明后,加入Dowanol DPM用来补偿反应过程中已挥发的溶剂。
实施例2金属效果的涂层
为了获得金属效果的涂层,需要使用实施例1所述的溶胶-凝胶基本系统。在74.5克溶胶-凝胶基本系统中(实施例1.1)加入24克PVB溶液(实施例1.2),通过进一步地搅拌进行溶解;接着,往这个混和物中填加5.5克能够呈现金属效果的颜料(例如Eckart-Werke Fürth生产制造的Stapa Metallux 200),并用搅拌机低转速搅拌十分钟;加入40g乙酸乙酯用来调整粘度;这样,混合物就会稍变浑浊并且粘性较低;为了调整喷涂混合物的粘性,可以用极性溶剂(乙酸丁酯或PMA,Methoxypropylacetate,1-甲氧基-2-乙酰氧基丙烷)对其进行稀释。涂层施于金属、玻璃或陶瓷基材表面后,需在炉内进行加热处理:摄氏180度加热15分钟或摄氏130度加热30分钟;两天后涂层完全硬化。
实施例3含铝颜料
用5克PMA(Methoxypropylacetate,1-甲氧基-2-乙酰氧基丙烷)稀释16克基本溶液(实施例1.1)各4克PVB树脂溶液(实施例1.2),加入1.5克分散剂,例如,Disperbyk 163(ALTANA)就是一种分散剂,它由30%含高分子块状共聚合物with“pigment-affinic”groups的溶液构成。通过添加4.5克铝粉浆(如:Silberline 4102或Metalure L 55700(商品名称)),低剪力条件下铝粉浆随混合物均质化,之后按实施例2应用并进行固化处理。
实施例4红色颜料
往74.5克基本成份(实施例1.1)和24.4克PVB溶液(实施例1.2)组成的混合物中添加10.8克分散剂(50%聚碳酸烷基氯化铵盐溶液,例如Anti-TerraTM-203),加入1.49克KD 3911(Paliogenred BASF)(商品名,主要成分为红色颜料),搅拌使其均质化。通过使用极性稀释剂如PMA调整喷射粘度;最后按入实施例2所述方法应用并进行固化处理。
实施例5金色颜料
把PMA(Methoxypropylacetate,1-甲氧基-2-乙酰氧基丙烷)和DOWANOLDPM.按照1∶1的比例进行混合,然后把6克混合物加入到74.5克基本成份(实施例1.1)和24克PVB溶液(实施例1.2)组成的混合溶液中进行稀释。填加10克分散剂(30%含高分子块状共聚合物with“pigment-affinic”groups溶液/BYK 163(ALTANA))。通过填加20克铝粉浆(例如:Stapa Hydrolux 400;StapaMetallux 2196;Metalure L 55700)、5克色245、1.5克黄色141对混合物进行着色;通过使用极性稀释剂如PMA调整喷射粘度,最后按入实施例2所述的方法应用并进行固化处理。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1、一种着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将硅化物进行水解反应形成溶胶;
2)将溶胶通过缩合反应形成溶胶-凝胶体系;
3)添加含PVB树脂的色浆添加到凝胶溶液中形成着色溶胶-凝胶组合物。
2、如权利要求1所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的溶胶-凝胶体系为总体系的重量分数的50-75%,色浆中染料或颜料、金属或非金属氧化物、有色金属离子的功能载体为总体系的重量分数的0.5-40%,PVB树脂为总体系的重量分数的20-30%。
3、如权利要求2所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的硅化物包括至少一种A)满足通式(I)Ra SiX(4-a)的有机硅化物,至少一种B)满足通式(II)SiX4的可水解硅化物,其中R为非水解基团,X为相同或者不同的水解基团或羟基,或者其衍生的低聚物,a的数值为0、1、2或3;所述的PVB树脂溶解于极性溶剂。
4、如权利要求3所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:步骤1)中所述的硅化物的可水解基团直接与Si原子相连;步骤3)中所述的含PVB树脂的色浆中的染料或颜料、金属或非金属氧化物、有色金属离子的功能载体的平均粒度在0.5至20μm之间的颗粒。
5、如权利要求4所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物为(A)满足通式(I)Ra SiX(4-a)的有机硅化物,(B)满足通式(II)SiX4的可水解硅化物,溶解于极性溶剂PVB树脂溶液,在含平均粒度直径在0.5至20μm之间的染料或颜料、金属或非金属氧化物、有色金属离子的功能载体作用下均质化反应形成。
6、如权利要求5所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的(A)∶(B)的物质量比为5-50∶50-95。
7、如权利要求5所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的可水解硅化物为正硅酸乙酯。
8、如权利要求5所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的有机硅化物为苯基三乙氧基硅烷或甲基三乙氧基硅烷。
9、如权利要求5所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法,其特征是:所述的功能载体为偶氮染料、分散性染料、二萘嵌苯染料、三苯甲烷染料、还原染料、荧光染料、酞菁和碳黑颜料中的一种或多种组合。
10、如权利要求1-9任一项所述的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物的制造方法获得的着色溶胶-凝胶组合物在金属基材、玻璃基材或者陶瓷基材表面形成的涂层。
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