CN101573030A - 通过短期过热和快速干燥制备农药固溶体的方法 - Google Patents
通过短期过热和快速干燥制备农药固溶体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101573030A CN101573030A CNA2007800490140A CN200780049014A CN101573030A CN 101573030 A CN101573030 A CN 101573030A CN A2007800490140 A CNA2007800490140 A CN A2007800490140A CN 200780049014 A CN200780049014 A CN 200780049014A CN 101573030 A CN101573030 A CN 101573030A
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- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C RRLMGCBZYFFRED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004669 very long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N {4-[(Vinyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(COC=C)CC1 INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备微溶农药的固溶体的方法,通过所述方法得到的粉状产物和它们在农药配制剂中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备微溶性农药的固溶体的方法,通过所述方法得到的粉状产品及其在农药配制剂中的用途。
微溶于含水介质中的农药在制备期间存在困难,这是由于用这种活性物质不易开发其中农药可生物利用的配制剂。一种途径是将农药以分子分散形式掺入以形成固溶体,通常结果是实现高得多的生物利用率。
术语固溶体通常在文献中错误地用作具有内含固体结晶物质的材料通常称作固溶体。严格来讲,这些为固体分散体。在本上下文中,固溶体意指真正的分子分散分布。
至今为止,这些固溶体的制备为非常昂贵的方法。
目前,可得到如下方法:
1.将活性物质和聚合物在高温下熔融并挤出(例如见WO 03/028453)。此方法的缺点是高温作用于活性物质几分钟,另外形成大模制体,需要通过研磨而费力磨碎,以适于造粒或制片。此外,在熔体挤出期间,除热负荷外,还存在剪切力的作用,其可导致活性物质的分解。
2.将活性物质和聚合物溶于溶解二者的有机溶剂中,并将溶剂蒸发或喷雾干燥,作为选择将活性物质溶于有机、水溶混性溶剂中并将聚合物溶于水中(例如见WO 05/046328)。此方法本身具有的缺点是它需要广泛使用有机溶剂,这对环境有害且具有爆炸危险,并且当使用它们时发生可观费用。
3.将活性物质例如通过湿磨和喷雾干燥分散在聚合物水溶液中。在这种情况下,如果活性物质不是水溶性的,则不形成固溶体,仅形成固体分散体,其无疑不具有与分子分散溶液相同的性能,特别是关于生物利用率。
因此,本发明的目的是找到一种避免有机溶剂,不涉及农药上的显著热应力并且直接产生具有良好配制性能和流动性的产品的方法。
本发明的其他目的是提供固溶体形式的配制剂,其具有:
·高生物利用率和/或
·良好贮存期限;和/或
·尽可能高的活性物质含量。
因此,找到制备微溶性农药的粉状固溶体的方法,其中通过将微溶性农药和基质的非活性成分的溶液喷雾而将微溶性农药分子分散在非活性成分的基质中,其中将微溶性农药的水悬浮液在基质的非活性成分的存在下在0.08-20mPa下加热至>80℃至350℃,优选90-350℃,并使微溶性农药溶解,然后通过喷雾和干燥转化成粉末形式,其中供入喷雾装置中的喷雾溶液的温度为80-300℃,优选90-250℃。
根据本发明,固溶体意指其中活性物质(即农药)作为分子分散体分布在非活性成分的基质中的状态。在此状态中,活性物质的结晶部分不再可通过X射线衍射检测到。由于X射线衍射中结晶部分的检测极限为3重量%,因此“无结晶部分”意指存在小于3重量%结晶部分。分子分散分布的状态可使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定。对于分子分散分布,在活性物质的熔点范围内不再观察到熔融峰。此方法的检测极限为1重量%。
就本发明而言,“微溶性农药物质”意指在室温(20℃)下在至少一种如下介质中饱和溶解度为小于1重量%的物质:水、0.1摩尔的含水盐酸、含水磷酸盐缓冲剂pH 7.2、0.9重量%氯化钠水溶液。
这里,术语农药意指至少一种选自杀虫剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂和/或安全剂的活性物质(见Pesticide Manual,第13版(2003))。也可使用两种或更多种下述活性物质的组合。
下列微溶性杀虫剂显示可能的活性物质,但不限于这些:
A.1.有机(硫代)磷酸酯类:谷硫磷(azinphos-methyl)、毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos)、甲基毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、毒虫畏(chlorfenvinphos)、二嗪农(diazinon)、乙拌磷(disulfoton)、乙硫磷(ethion)、杀螟松(fenitrothion)、倍硫磷(fenthion)、异噁唑磷(isoxathion)、马拉硫磷(malathion)、杀扑磷(methidathion)、甲基一六零五(methyl-parathion)、砜吸磷(oxydemeton-methyl)、对氧磷(paraoxon)、一六零五(parathion)、稻丰散(phenthoate)、伏杀磷(phosalone)、亚胺硫磷(phosmet)、磷胺(phosphamidon)、甲拌磷(phorate)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、虫螨磷(pirimiphos-methyl)、丙溴磷(profenofos)、丙硫磷(prothiofos)、乙丙硫磷(sulprophos)、杀虫威(tetrachlorvinphos)、特丁磷(terbufos)、三唑磷(triazophos)、敌百虫(trichlorfon);
A.2.氨基甲酸酯类:棉铃威(alanycarb)、噁虫威(bendiocarb)、丙硫克百威(benfuracarb)、甲萘威(carbaryl)、虫螨威(carbofuran)、丁硫克百威(carbosulfan)、双氧威(fenoxycarb)、呋线威(furathiocarb)、灭虫威(methiocarb)、灭多虫(methomyl)、甲氨叉威(oxamyl)、抗蚜威(pirimicarb)、硫双威(thiodicarb)、唑蚜威(triazamate);
A.3.合成除虫菊酯类:丙烯除虫菊(allethrin)、氟氯菊酯(bifenthrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、(RS)氯氟氰菊酯(cyhalothrin)、苯醚氰菊酯(cyphenothrin)、氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin)、甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)、乙体氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin)、己体氯氰菊酯(zeta-cypermethrin)、溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)、高氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、醚菊酯(etofenprox)、甲氰菊酯(fenpropathrin)、杀灭菊酯(fenvalerate)、咪炔菊酯(imiprothrin)、氯氟氰菊酯(lambda-cyhalothrin)、氯菊酯(permethrin)、炔酮菊酯(prallethrin)、除虫菊酯(pyrethrin)I和II、灭虫菊(resmethrin)、灭虫硅醚(silafluofen)、氟胺氰菊酯(tau-fluvalinate)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、四溴菊酯(tralomethrin)、四氟菊酯(transfluthrin);
A.4.生长调节剂:a)几丁质合成抑制剂:苯甲酰脲类:定虫隆(chlorfluazuron)、cyramazin、氟脲杀(diflubenzuron)、氟螨脲(flucycloxuron)、氟虫脲(flufenoxuron)、氟铃脲(hexaflumuron)、氟丙氧脲(lufenuron)、双苯氟脲(novaluron)、伏虫隆(teflubenzuron)、杀虫隆(triflumuron);噻嗪酮(buprofezin)、噁茂醚(diofenolan)、噻螨酮(hexythiazox)、特苯噁唑(etoxazole)、四螨嗪(clofentazine);b)蜕皮激素拮抗剂:特丁苯酰肼(halofenozide)、甲氧苯酰肼(methoxyfenozide)、双苯酰肼(tebufenozide)、艾扎丁(azadirachtin);c)保幼激素类似物:蚊蝇醚(pyriproxyfen)、蒙五一五(methoprene)、双氧威(fenoxycarb);d)类脂生物合成抑制剂:螺螨酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifen)、式Γ1的特窗酸衍生物:
(Γ1)
A.5.烟碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂:噻虫胺(clothianidin)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid);
A.6.GABA拮抗剂:acetoprole、硫丹(endosulfan)、乙虫清(ethiprole)、锐劲特(fipronil)、氟吡唑虫(vaniliprole);
A.7.大环内酯杀虫剂:齐墩螨素(abamectin)、甲氨基阿维菌素(emamectin)、米尔螨素(milbemectin)、lepimectin、艾克敌105(spinosad);
A.8.METI I杀螨剂:喹螨醚(fenazaquin)、哒螨酮(pyridaben)、吡螨胺(tebufenpyrad)、唑虫酰胺(tolfenpyrad);
A.9.METI II和III化合物:灭螨醌(acequinocyl)、fluacyprim、灭蚁腙(hydra methylnon);
A.10.分离剂化合物:氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr);
A.11.氧化磷酸化抑制剂:三环锡(cyhexatin)、杀螨硫隆(diafenthiuron)、杀螨锡(fenbutatin oxide)、克螨特(propargite);
A.12.干扰蜕皮的化合物:cryomazine;
A.13.混合功能氧化酶抑制剂:增效醚(piperonyl butoxide);
A.14.钠通道阻断剂:噁二唑虫(indoxacarb)、氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone);
A.15.其它:benclothiaz、联苯肼酯(bifenazate)、氟啶虫酰胺(flonicamide)、啶虫丙醚(pyridalyl)、拒嗪酮(pymetrozine)、硫、硫环杀(thiocyclam)和式Γ2的氨基异噻唑化合物:
其中Ri表示-CH2OCH2CH3或H且Rii表示CF2CF2CF3或CH2CH(CH3)3,式Γ3的邻氨基苯甲酰胺(anthranilamide)化合物:
其中B1表示氢或氯,B2表示溴或CF3且RB表示CH3或CH(CH3)2,以及JP 2002284608、WO 02/89579、WO 02/90320、WO 02/90321、WO04/06677、WO 04/20399或JP 200499597中所述的丙二腈化合物,N-R’-2,2-二卤-1-R”环丙烷甲酰胺-2-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟对甲苯基)腙或N-R’-2,2-二(R”’)丙酰胺-2-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟对甲苯基)腙,其中R’表示甲基或乙基,卤表示氯或溴,R”表示氢或甲基且R”’表示甲基或乙基。
下列微溶性杀真菌剂显示可能的活性物质,但不限于这些:
1.嗜球果伞素类(Strobilurins):
-腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(2-氯-[1-(3-甲基-苄氧亚氨基)-乙基]-苄基)-甲基氨基甲酸酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(6-甲基-吡啶-2-基甲氧基亚氨基)-乙基]-苄基)-甲基氨基甲酸酯、2-(邻-(2,5-二甲基苯基氧基亚甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基-甲基丙烯酸酯;
2.羧酰胺类:
-羧酰苯胺类:苯霜灵(benalaxyl)、麦锈灵(benodanil)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、萎锈灵(carboxin)、丙氧灭绣胺(mepronil)、呋菌胺(fenfuram)、环酰菌胺(fenhexamide)、氟酰胺(flutolanil)、呋吡唑灵(furametpyr)、甲霜灵(metalaxyl)、甲呋酰胺(ofurace)、噁霜灵(oxadixyl)、氧化萎锈灵(oxycarboxin)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、溴氟唑菌(thifluzamide)、噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)、4-二氟甲基-2-甲基-噻唑-5-羧酸-(4′-溴-联苯-2-基)-酰胺、4-二氟甲基-2-甲基-噻唑-5-羧酸-(4′-三氟甲基-联苯-2-基)-酰胺、4-二氟甲基-2-甲基-噻唑-5-羧酸-(4′-氯-3′-氟-联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-吡唑-4-羧酸-(3′,4′-二氯-4-氟-联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3,4-二氯-异噻唑-5-羧酸-(2-氰基苯基)酰胺;
3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-吡唑-4-羧酸-(3′,4′-二氯-5-氟-联苯-2-基)酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-(2-双环丙基-2-基苯基)酰胺);
-羧酸吗啉化物:烯酰吗啉(dimethomorph)、氟吗啉(flumorph);
-苯甲酰胺类:氟联苯菌(flumetover)、fluopicolide(氟吡菌胺(picobenzamid))、苯酰菌胺(zoxamide);
-其他羧酰胺:氯环丙酰胺(carpropamid)、双氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、双炔酰菌胺(mandipropamid)、N-(2-(4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-丙-2-炔氧基]-3-甲氧基-苯基)-乙基)-2-甲烷磺酰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺、N-(2-(4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-丙-2-炔氧基]-3-甲氧基-苯基)乙基)-2-乙烷磺酰基氨基-3-甲基丁酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-吡唑-4-羧酸-(3′,4′-二氯-5-氟-联苯-2-基)-酰胺和3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-(2-双环丙基-2-基-苯基)酰胺);
-1-甲基吡唑-4-基-羧酸苯胺:3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲氧基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲氧基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,3′,4′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氯二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氯氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,3′,4′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺和3-氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)酰胺。
3.唑类:
-三唑类:双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromueonazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、噁醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯菌灵(enilconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole);
-咪唑类:氰霜唑(cyazofamid)、烯菌灵(imazalil)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、丙氯灵(prochloraz)、氟菌唑(triflumizole);
-苯并咪唑类:苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、麦穗宁(fuberidazole)、涕必灵(thiabendazole);
-其他:噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、氯唑灵(etridiazole)、土菌消(hymexazole);
4.含氮杂环基化合物:
-吡啶类:氟啶胺(fluazinam)、啶斑肟(pyrifenox)、3-[5-(4-氯-苯基)-2,3-二甲基-异噁唑烷-3-基]吡啶;
-嘧啶类:磺嘧菌灵(bupirimate)、环丙嘧啶(cyprodinil)、嘧菌腙(ferimzone)、异嘧菌醇(fenarimol)、嘧菌胺(mepanipyrim)、氟苯嘧啶醇(nuarimol)、二甲嘧菌胺(pyrimethanil);
-哌嗪类:嗪氨灵(triforine);
-吡咯类:氟噁菌(fludioxonil)、拌种咯(fenpiclonil);
-吗啉类:4-十二烷基-2,6-二甲基吗啉(aldimorph)、吗菌灵(dodemorph)、丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)、克啉菌(tridemorph);
-二羧酰亚胺类:异丙定(iprodione)、杀菌利(procymidone)、烯菌酮(vin clozolin);
-其他:噻二唑素(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、敌菌灵(anilazin)、克菌丹(captan)、敌菌丹(captafol)、棉隆(dazomet)、哒菌清(diclomezine)、氰菌胺(fenoxanil)、灭菌丹(folpet)、苯锈啶(fenpropidin)、噁唑酮菌(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、异噻菌酮(octhilinone)、噻菌灵(probenazole)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、喹氧灵(quinoxyfen)、三环唑(tricyclazole)、5-氯-7-(4-甲基-哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶、2-丁氧基-6-碘-3-丙基-苯并吡喃-4-酮、3-(3-溴-6-氟-2-甲基-吲哚-1-磺酰基)-[1,2,4]三唑-1-磺酸二甲基酰胺;
5.氨基甲酸盐和二硫代氨基甲酸盐:
-氨基甲酸盐类:乙霉威(diethofencarb)、flubenthiavalicarb、异丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、百维灵(propamocarb)、3-(4-氯-苯基)-3-(2-异丙氧羰基氨基-3-甲基-丁酰氨基)丙酸甲酯、N-(1-(1-(4-氰基苯基)乙烷磺酰基)-丁-2-基)氨基甲酸-(4-氟苯基)酯;
6.其他杀真菌剂:
-有机金属化合物类:三苯基锡盐;
-含硫的杂环基化合物:稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)、二噻农(dithianon);
-有机磷化合物:克瘟散(edifenphos)、藻菌磷(fosetyl)、乙膦铝(fosetyl-aluminum)、异稻瘟净(iprobenfos)、定菌磷(pyrazophos)、甲基立枯磷(tolclofos-methyl)、磷酸及其盐;
-有机氯化合物:甲基托布津(thiophanate methyl)、百菌清(chlorothalonil)、抑菌灵(dichlofluanid)、对甲抑菌灵(tolylfluanid)、磺菌胺(flusulfamide)、四氯苯酞(phthalide)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)、戊菌隆(pencycuron)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene);
-硝基苯基衍生物:乐杀螨(binapacryl)、敌螨普(dinocap)、敌螨通(dinobuton);
-其他:螺噁茂胺(spiroxamine)、环氟菌胺(cyflufenamid)、清菌脲(cymoxanil)、苯菌酮(metrafenone)。
下列微溶性除草剂显示可能的活性物质,但不限于这些:
抑制类脂生物合成的化合物如炔禾灵(chlorazifop)、炔草酯(clodinafop)、氯丁草(clofop)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop)、氯甲草(ciclofop)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、高噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-p)、噻唑禾草灵(fenthiaprop)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop)、精吡氟氯禾灵(haloxyfop-P)、恶草醚(isoxapyrifop)、噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)、喔草酯(propaquizafop)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)、三氟苯氧丙酸(trifop)或其酯、丁氧环酮(butroxydim)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、稀禾定(sethoxydim)、醌肟草(tepraloxydim)、肟草酮(tralkoxydim)、苏达灭(butylate)、草灭特(cycloat)、燕麦敌(diallat)、哌草丹(dimepiperat)、扑草灭(EPTC)、禾草畏(esprocarb)、抑草威(ethiolate)、氮草(isopolinate)、甲硫苯威(methiobencarb)、草达灭(molinate)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、克草猛(pebulate)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、草克死(sulfallat)、杀草丹(thiobencarb)、丁草威(thiocarbazil)、野麦畏(triallat)、灭草猛(vernolat)、呋草黄(benfuresat)、乙呋草黄(ethofumesat)和地散磷(bensulid);
ALS抑制剂,如磺氨黄隆(Amidosulfuron)、四唑黄隆(Azimsulfuron)、苄嘧黄隆(Bensulfuron)、氯嘧黄隆(Chlorimuron)、绿黄隆(Chlorsulfuron)、醚黄隆(Cinosulfuron)、环丙黄隆(Cyclosulfamuron)、胺苯黄隆(Ethametsulfuron)、乙氧嘧黄隆(Ethoxysulfuron)、啶嘧黄隆(Flazasulfuron)、氟定黄隆(Flupyrsulfuron)、甲酰氨磺隆(Foramsulfuron)、吡氯黄隆(Halosulfuron)、啶咪黄隆(Imazosulfuron)、碘黄隆(Iodosulfuron)、甲基二磺隆(Mesosulfuron)、甲黄隆(Metsulfuron)、烟嘧黄隆(Nicosulfuron)、环丙氧黄隆(Oxasulfuron)、氟嘧黄隆(Primisulfuron)、氟丙黄隆(Prosulfuron)、吡嘧黄隆(Pyrazosulfuron)、玉嘧黄隆(Rimsulfuron)、嘧黄隆(Sulfometuron)、乙黄黄隆(Sulfosulfuron)、噻黄隆(Thifensulfuron)、醚苯黄隆(Triasulfuron)、苯黄隆(Tribenuron)、三氟啶磺隆(Trifloxysulfuron)、氟胺磺隆(Triflusulfuron)、三氟甲磺隆(Tritosulfuron)、咪草酯(Imazamethabenz)、咪草啶酸(Imazamox)、甲基咪草烟(Imazapic)、灭草烟(Imazapyr)、灭草喹(Imazaquin)、咪草烟(Imazethapyr)、氯酯磺草胺(Cloransulam)、唑嘧磺胺(Diclosulam)、双氟磺草胺(Florasulam)、氟唑啶草(Flumetsulam)、唑草磺胺(Metosulam)、五氟磺草胺(Penoxsulam)、双嘧苯甲酸(Bispyribac)、肟啶草(Pyriminobac)、丙苯磺隆(Propoxycarbazone)、氟酮磺隆(Flucarbazone)、嘧苯草肟(Pyribenzoxim)、环酯草醚(Pyriftalid)和嘧硫苯甲酸(Pyrithiobac);
如果pH值<8抑制光合成的化合物,如莠去通(Atraton)、莠去津(Atrazine)、莠灭净(Ametryn)、叠氮津(Aziprotryn)、草净津(Cyanazine)、硫草净津(Cyanatryn)、可乐津(Chlorazine)、环草津(Cyprazine)、敌草净(Desmetryn)、戊草津(Dimethametryn)、杀草净(Dipropetryn)、草止津(Eglinazine)、抑草津(Ipazine)、麦苏百津(Mesoprazine)、醚草通(Methometon)、盖草津(Methoprotryne)、环氰津(Procyazine)、丙草止津(Proglinazine)、扑灭通(Prometon)、扑草净(Prometryn)、扑灭津(Propazine)、另丁津(Sebuthylazine)、密草通(Secbumeton)、西玛津(Simazine)、西玛通(Simeton)、西草净(symmetryne)、甲氧去草净(Terbumeton)、特丁津(Terbuthylazine)和去草净(Terbutryne);
原卟啉原IX氧化酶抑制剂,如氟锁草醚(Acifluorfen)、治草醚(Bifenox)、氯硝醚(Chlomethoxyfen)、草枯醚(Chlornitrofen)、氯氟草醚(Ethoxyfen)、消草醚(Fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(Fluoroglycofen)、氯草醚(Fluoronitrofen)、氟黄胺草醚(Fomesafen)、氟呋草醚(Furyloxyfen)、氟硝磺酰胺(Halosafen)、乳氟禾草灵(Lactofen)、除草醚(Nitrofen)、硝氟草醚(Nitrofluorfen)、乙氧氟草醚(Oxyfluorfen)、异丙吡草酯(Fluazolate)、氟唑草酯(Pyraflufen)、吲哚酮草酯(Cinidon-ethyl)、酰亚胺苯氧乙酸(Flumiclorac)、氟噁嗪酮(Flumioxazin)、炔草胺(Flumipropyn)、达草氟(Fluthiacet)、噻二唑胺(Thidiazimin)、恶草灵(Oxadiazon)、炔丙噁唑草(Oxadiargyl)、唑啶炔草(Azafenidin)、氟酮唑草(Carfentrazone)、磺胺草唑(Sulfentrazone)、戊噁唑草(Pentoxazone)、双苯嘧草酮(Benzfendizone)、氟丙嘧草酯(Butafenacil)、双唑草腈(Pyraclonil)、氟唑草胺(Profluazol)、氟哒嗪草酯(Flufenpyr)、Flupropacil、吡氯草胺(Nipyraclofen)和乙胺草醚(Etnipromid);
除草剂,如氟哒草(Metflurazon)、达草灭(Norflurazon)、氟苯啶草(Flufenican)、吡氟草胺(Diflufenican)、氟吡酰草胺(Picolinafen)、氟丁酰草胺(Beflubutamid)、氟草同(Fluridone)、氟咯草酮(Flurochloridone)、呋草酮(Flurtamone)、甲基磺草酮(Mesotrione)、磺草酮(Sulcotrione)、异恶氯草酮(Isoxachlortole)、异噁氟草(Isoxaflutole)、吡草酮(Benzofenap)、吡唑特(Pyrazolynate)、苄草唑(Pyrazoxyfen)、苯并双环酮(Benzobicyclon)、杀草强(Amitrole)、异恶草酮(Clomazone)、苯草醚(Aclonifen)、4-(3-三氟甲基苯氧基)-2-(4-三氟甲基苯基)嘧啶以及下式的3-杂环基取代的苯甲酰基衍生物(参看WO-A-96/26202、WO-A-97/41116、WO-A-97/41117和WO-A-97/41118):
其中取代基R8-R13具有如下含义:
R8、R10为氢、卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6卤代烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6卤代烷氧基、C1-C6烷硫基、C1-C6烷基亚磺酰基或C1-C6烷基磺酰基;
R9表示选自如下基团的杂环基:噻唑-2-基、噻唑-4-基、噻唑-5-基、异噁唑-3-基、异噁唑-4-基、异噁唑-5-基、4,5-二氢异噁唑-3-基、4,5-二氢异噁唑-4-基和4,5-二氢异噁唑-5-基,其中上述基团可带有一个或多个取代基,例如可由卤素、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4卤代烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基单-、二-、三-或四取代;
R11=氢、卤素或C1-C6烷基;
R12=C1-C6烷基;
R13=氢或C1-C6烷基,
条件是pH值<8。
有丝分裂抑制剂,如氟草胺(Benfluralin)、地乐胺(Butralin)、敌乐胺(Dinitramine)、丁氟消草(Ethalfluralin)、氟消草(Fluchloralin)、异乐灵(Isopropalin)、氟烯硝草(Methalpropalin)、磺乐灵(Nitralin)、黄草消(Oryzalin)、胺硝草(Pendimethalin)、氨基丙氟灵(Prodiamine)、卡乐施(Profluralin)、氟乐灵(Trifluralin)、甲基胺草磷(Amiprofos-methyl)、草胺磷(Butamifos)、氟硫草定(Dithiopyr)、噻氟啶草(Thiazopyr)、拿草特(Propyzamide)、敌草索(Chlorthal)、长杀草(Carbetamide)、氯苯胺灵(Chlorpropham)和苯胺灵(Propham);
VLCFA抑制剂,如乙草胺(Acetochlor)、甲草胺(Alachlor)、丁草胺(Butachlor)、丁烯草胺(Butenachlor)、敌草乐(Delachlor)、安塔(Diethatyl)、克草胺(Dimethachlor)、噻吩草胺(Dimethenamide)、精噻吩草胺(Dimethenamide-P)、吡草胺(Metazachlor)、异丙甲草胺(Metolachlor)、S-异丙甲草胺(S-Metolachlor)、丙草胺(Pretilachlor)、异丙草胺(Propisochlor)、广草胺(Prynachlor)、猛杀草(Terbuchlor)、噻醚草胺(Thenylchlor)、二甲苯草胺(Xylachlor)、草立死(CDEA)、磺唑草(Epronaz)、草乃敌(Diphenamide)、草萘胺(Napropamides)、萘丙胺(Naproanilide)、烯草胺(Pethoxamide)、氟噻草胺(Flufenacet)、苯噻草胺(Mefenacet)、四唑酰草胺(Fentrazamide)、莎稗磷(Anilofos)、哌草磷(Piperophos)、唑草胺(Cafenstrole)、茚草酮(Indanofan)和灭草环(Tridiphan);
纤维素生物合成抑制剂,如敌草腈(Dichlobenil)、草克乐(Chlorthiamide)、异恶草胺(Isoxaben)和胺草唑(Flupoxam);
除草剂,如消草酯(Dinofenat)、硝丙酚(Dinoprop)、戊硝酚(Dinosam)、地乐酚(Dinoseb)、地乐消酚(Dinoterb)、二硝甲酚(DNOC)、硝草酚(Etinofen)和丁硝酚(Medinoterb);
另外还有:新燕灵(benzoylprop)、氟燕灵(flamprop)、麦草伏(flamprop-M)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、氯甲丹(chlorflurenol)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、苯丙隆(methyldymron)、乙苯酰草(etobenzanide)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、氯噁嗪草(oxaziclomefone)、苯氧丙胺津(triaziflam)和甲基溴(methyl bromide)。
下列显示了可能的微溶性安全剂,但应不限于这些:
解草酮(benoxacor)、喹氧乙酸(cloquintocet)、抑害腈(cyometrinil)、dicyclonone、dietholate、解草唑(fenchlorazole)、解草啶(fenclorim)、解草安(flurazole)、肟草安(fluxofenim)、解草呋(furilazole)、双苯恶唑酸(isoxadifen)、吡咯二酸(mefenpyr)、mephenate、萘二甲酸酐(naphthalicanhydride)、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷(R-29148)、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷(AD-67;MON 4660)和解草腈(oxabetrinil)。
优选的杀真菌剂为三唑类如双苯三唑醇(bitertanol)、糠菌唑(bromuconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、噁醚唑(difenoconazole)、烯唑醇(diniconazole)、烯菌灵(enilconazole)、氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)、氟硅唑(flusilazole)、喹唑菌酮(fluquinconazole)、粉唑醇(flutriafol)、己唑醇(hexaconazole)、酰胺唑(imibenconazole)、环戊唑醇(ipconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、腈菌唑(myclobutanil)、戊菌唑(penconazole)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、硅氟唑(simeconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、氟醚唑(tetraconazole)、唑菌醇(triadimenol)、三唑酮(triadimefon)、戊叉唑菌(triticonazole),嗜球果伞素类(Strobilurins)如腈嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)、叉氨苯酰胺(metominostrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、(2-氯-[1-(3-甲基-苄氧亚氨基)-乙基]-苄基)-甲基氨基甲酸酯、(2-氯-5-[1-(6-甲基-吡啶-2-基甲氧基亚氨基)-乙基]-苄基)-甲基氨基甲酸酯、2-(邻-((2,5-二甲基苯-基氧基亚甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基-甲基丙烯酸酯和5-氯-7-(4-甲基哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和啶酰菌胺(boscalid)。在其他优选实施方案中,优选1-甲基吡唑-4-基-羧酸苯胺。
非常尤其优选的杀真菌剂为氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)、环戊唑菌(metconazole)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)、亚胺菌(kresoxim-methyl)和5-氯-7-(4-甲基-哌啶-1-基)-6-(2,4,6-三氟-苯基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶和啶酰菌胺(boscalid)。在其他非常尤其优选实施方案中,优选3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲氧基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲氧基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-三氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,3′,4′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′-氟-4′-氯-5′-甲基联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)酰胺、3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氯二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氯氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(3′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺、3-氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,3′,4′-三氟联苯-2-基)-酰胺和3-氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸-N-(2′,4′,5′-三氟联苯-2-基)酰胺。
在其他优选实施方案中,杀真菌剂的混合物优选包括至少一种唑。优选包含氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和环戊唑菌(metconazole)的混合物;和包含至少一种唑和至少一种嗜球果伞素,特别是氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)和唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)的混合物。
在其他优选实施方案中,优选包括至少一种1-甲基吡唑-4-基羧酸苯胺的杀真菌剂混合物。优选至少一种1-甲基吡唑-4-基羧酸苯胺与至少一种唑的混合物,其中一种唑优选环戊唑菌(metconazole)或氧唑菌(epoxiconazole);或至少一种1-甲基吡唑-4-基羧酸苯胺与至少一种嗜球果伞素的混合物,其中一种嗜球果伞素优选唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin);或至少一种1-甲基吡唑-4-基羧酸苯胺、至少一种唑与至少一种嗜球果伞素的混合物,其中一种唑优选环戊唑菌(metconazole)或氧唑菌(epoxiconazole);嗜球果伞素优选唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)。
优选的杀虫剂为氰氟虫腙(metaflumizone)、锐劲特(fipronil)和甲体氯氰菊酯(alpha-cypermethrin)。
通过本发明方法产生的固溶体可具有如下定量组成:
(i)1-50重量%至少一种微溶性农药,
(ii)10-99重量%至少一种基质的水溶性非活性成分,
(iii)0-30重量%一种或多种表面活性剂/增溶剂,
(iv)0-50重量%其他非活性成分,
其中组分(i)-(iv)的量合计为100重量%。
表述至少一种微溶性农药意指可使用1、2或更多种农药。优选使用一种或两种农药。
基本上所有能与活性物质形成固溶体的物质适用作形成基质的非活性成分。
例如,来自如下结构类的水溶性聚合物为适合的:
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乙烯基吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙烯己内酰胺、聚乙烯甲酰胺、聚乙烯乙酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯亚胺、聚乙烯胺、羟基烷基纤维素、烷基羟基烷基纤维素、羧基烷基纤维素、烷基羟基烷基纤维素-乙酸酯-琥珀酸酯、烷基-羟基烷基纤维素-乙酸酯-邻苯二甲酸酯、烷基羟基烷基纤维素-邻苯二甲酸酯、纤维素乙酸酯-邻苯二甲酸酯、淀粉、羟基烷基淀粉、羧基烷基淀粉、改性淀粉、辛烯基琥珀酸酯-淀粉、葡萄聚糖、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯和聚氨基酸。
聚合物组合物还适用作形成基质的非活性成分如WO06/084680所述,其可通过如下组分反应而得到:
a)至少一种具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的官能团R1且由烯属不饱和单体M1构成的聚合物P1*,其中单体M1*含相对于单体M1*的总量大于20重量%具有至少一种选自叔氨基、亚氨基、羧酰胺基团、腈基团、内酰胺基团、酮基团、醛基团、脲基团、聚醚基团、羧基、磺酰基、羟基磺酰基和磺酰胺基团的官能团FG的单体M1*a,
b)至少一种具有对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的官能团R2的聚-C2-C4亚烷基醚P2*,
c)与至少一种含异氰酸酯基团且与异氰酸酯基团相关的官能度为至少1.5的化合物V。
这里和下文中,术语“官能度”代表每分子或每聚合物链具体官能团R1或R2的平均数。
作为聚合物P1*,可基本上考虑由烯属不饱和单体M1*构成的所有聚合物,其具有所需数的反应性基团R1且其构成单体M1*包含大于20重量%,特别是至少25重量%,尤其优选至少30重量%,非常尤其优选至少35重量%官能化的单体M1*a。单体M1*中单体M1*a的含量可以为至多100重量%,有利地为25-90重量%,特别是30-80重量%,尤其优选30-70重量%,非常尤其优选35-60重量%。
除烯属不饱和双键外,单体M1*a包含一个或多个,例如1或2个官能团FG。通常这赋予单体M1*a提高的水溶性。在25℃和1013毫巴下,单体M1*a的水溶性因此通常为至少50g/l,特别是至少80g/l。
单体M1*a可以为酸性或阴离子的,碱性或中性的。
在第一个优选实施方案中,单体M1*a基本上仅包含中性单体M1*a。
在第二个优选实施方案中,单体M1*a基本上仅包含碱性单体M1*a。
在第三个优选实施方案中,单体M1*a基本上仅包含酸性单体M1*a。
在第四个优选实施方案中,单体M1*a基本上包含中性与碱性单体M1*a的混合物。在此实施方案中,中性与碱性单体的重量比优选1∶10-10∶1,特别是5∶1-1∶2。
在第五个优选实施方案中,单体M1*a基本上包含中性与酸性单体M1*a的混合物。在此实施方案中,中性与酸性单体的重量比优选1∶10-10∶1,特别是5∶1-1∶2。
在实施方案1-5中,尤其优选实施方案1、2和4。
这里“基本上”意指基于单体M1*a的重量至少90重量%,特别是至少95重量%。
中性单体M1*a例如包括:
-单烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸的酰胺和C1-C4烷基氧基烷基酰胺如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-(甲氧基甲基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-(乙氧基甲基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-(2-甲氧基乙基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-(2-乙氧基乙基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺等;
-单烯属不饱和腈如丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈;
-脂族、脂环族或芳族羧酸的N-乙烯基酰胺,特别是具有1-4个碳原子的脂族羧酸的N-乙烯基酰胺如N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基丙酰胺和N-乙烯基丁酰胺;
-具有5-7个环原子的N-乙烯基内酰胺,例如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基哌啶酮、N-乙烯基吗啉酮和N-乙烯基己内酰胺;
-带有脲基团的单烯属不饱和单体如N-乙烯基-和N-烯丙基脲和咪唑烷-2-酮衍生物,例如N-乙烯基-和N-烯丙基咪唑烷-2-酮、N-乙烯基氧基乙基咪唑烷-2-酮、N-烯丙基氧基乙基咪唑烷-2-酮、N-(2-丙烯酰胺基乙基)咪唑烷-2-酮、N-(2-丙烯酰氧基乙基)咪唑烷-2-酮、N-(2-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基)咪唑烷-2-酮、N-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基)咪唑烷-2-酮(=脲基甲基丙烯酸酯)、N-[2-(丙烯酰氧基乙酰胺基)乙基]咪唑烷-2-酮、N-[2-(2-丙烯酰氧基乙酰胺基)乙基]咪唑烷-2-酮、N-[2-(2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙酰胺基)乙基]咪唑烷-2-酮;
-具有醛或酮基团的单烯属不饱和单体如3-(丙烯酰胺基)-3-甲基丁烷-2-酮(二丙酮丙烯酰胺)、3-(甲基丙烯酰胺基)-3-甲基丁烷-2-酮、丙烯酸2,4-二氧杂戊基酯和甲基丙烯酸2,4-二氧杂戊基酯。
优选的中性单体为N-乙烯基内酰胺,特别是N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和带有脲基团的单体,特别是N-(2-丙烯酰胺基乙基)咪唑啉-2-酮和N-(2-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基)-咪唑啉-2-酮。
碱性单体M1*a例如包括:
-乙烯基取代的氮杂芳族物质,例如2-、3-和4-乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基咪唑;和
-具有伯、仲或叔氨基的单烯属不饱和单体,特别是通式I*的单体:
其中:
X代表氧或基团N-R4a;
A代表C2-C8亚烷基,例如1,2-乙二基、1,2-或1,3-丙二基、1,4-丁二基或2-甲基-1,2-丙二基,所述C2-C8亚烷基任选间隔1、2或3个不相邻的氧原子,如3-氧杂戊烷-1,5-二基;
R1a、R1b相互独立地代表氢、C1-C10烷基、C5-C10环烷基、苯基或苯基-C1-C4烷基,特别是各自意指C1-C4烷基;
R2a表示氢或C1-C4烷基,特别是氢或甲基;
R3a表示氢或C1-C4烷基,特别是氢;和
R4a表示氢或C1-C4烷基,特别是氢。
式I*单体的实例为丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基酯、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基酯、3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基丙烯酰胺、3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基甲基丙烯酰胺,尤其优选甲基丙烯酸3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基酯。
优选的碱性单体M1*a为通式I*的单体。
另外,单体M1*a包括阴离子或酸性单烯属不饱和单体。实例为:
-具有磺酸基团的单烯属不饱和单体和所述单体的盐,特别是碱金属盐,例如钠或钾盐和铵盐。这包括烯属不饱和磺酸,特别是乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、2-丙烯酰氧基乙烷磺酸和2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙烷磺酸、3-丙烯酰氧基和3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙烷磺酸、乙烯基苯磺酸及其盐;
-烯属不饱和膦酸,例如乙烯基膦酸和乙烯基膦酸二甲基酯及其盐;和
-带有1或2个羧基的单烯属不饱和单体,例如α,β-烯属不饱和C3-C8单羧酸和C4-C8二羧酸,特别是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸和衣康酸。
优选的酸性单体M1*a为上述具有1或2个羧基的单烯属不饱和单体。
除单体M1*a外,聚合产物还可含至多<80重量%通过聚合掺入的不同于单体M1*a的烯属不饱和单体。优选这些为在25℃和1巴下在水中具有优选不大于30g/l,特别是不大于20g/l的有限溶解度的中性、单烯属不饱和单体M1*b。推测由于疏水相互作用,这些单体促进活性物质-聚合物聚集体的形成。因此,基于单体M1*的总重量,聚合物P1*优选含至多10-75重量%,特别是至多20-70重量%,尤其优选30-70重量%,尤其是40-65重量%通过聚合掺入的单体M1*b。
单体M1*b特别包括通式II*的单体:
其中:
X代表氧或基团N-R4;
R1代表C1-C20烷基、C5-C10环烷基、苯基或苯基-C1-C4烷基或苯氧基-C1-C4烷基;
R2表示氢或C1-C4烷基;
R3表示氢或C1-C4烷基;和
R4表示氢或C1-C4烷基。
优选的通式II*的单体为其中式II*中R3代表氢的那些。在式II*中,R2优选代表氢或甲基。在式II*中,X优选代表O、NH、NCH3或NC2H5,尤其优选O。
式II*中R1优选代表:
-C1-C20烷基,特别是C1-C10烷基,例如乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、1-戊基、2-戊基、新戊基、正己基、2-己基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、2-丙基庚基或正癸基、月桂基或硬脂基,
-C5-C10环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基或甲基环己基,或
-苯基-C1-C4烷基,例如苄基、1-或2-苯基乙基、1-、2-或3-苯基丙基或
-苯氧基-C2-C4烷基,例如2-苯氧基乙基。
特别是,R1代表C2-C10烷基。还优选R1代表甲基或2-苯氧基乙基。
尤其优选的式II*单体为丙烯酸与C2-C10链烷醇的酯(=丙烯酸C2-C10烷基酯),例如丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸正己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸3-丙基庚酯,甲基丙烯酸与C1-C10链烷醇的酯,例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯和甲基丙烯酸正己酯。此外,优选的单体M1*a、M1*b为丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸与2-苯氧基乙醇的酯,例如丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯。此外,优选的单体M1*b为丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的N-(C2-C10烷基)酰胺和丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的N-(C1-C2烷基)-N-(C2-C10烷基)酰胺,例如N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺、N-丁基丙烯酰胺、N-甲基-N-丙基丙烯酰胺、N-(正己基)丙烯酰胺、N-(正辛基丙烯酰胺)和相应的甲基丙烯酰胺。特别是,单体M1*b包含基于单体M1*a的总量至少50重量%,特别是至少70重量%至少一种甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯(R1=C1-C4烷基,R2=CH3且R3=H),在这些中,尤其优选甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯。
此外,单体M1*b包括:
-乙烯基芳族单体如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯等,
-具有2-20个碳原子的烯烃,优选具有3-10个碳原子的α-烯烃,例如丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯、二异丁烯和1-癸烯,
-脂族羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、壬酸乙烯酯、癸酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯和硬脂酸乙烯酯,
-卤化烯烃如氯乙烯,
-任选具有3-6个碳原子的单烯属不饱和单羧酸的C11-C20烷基酯,例如丙烯酸C11-C20烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸C11-C20烷基酯,例如丙烯酸月桂基酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂基酯、丙烯酸异十三烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸异十三烷基酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂基酯,
-优选具有4-8个碳原子的烯属不饱和二羧酸的二C1-C20烷基酯,例如富马酸和马来酸的二C1-C20烷基酯如富马酸二甲酯、马来酸二甲酯、富马酸二丁酯和马来酸二丁酯,
-优选具有3-6个碳原子的单烯属不饱和单羧酸的缩水甘油酯,例如丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
优选的单体M1*b为通式II*的单体以及乙烯基芳族单体,在这些中特别是苯乙烯。优选的单体M1*b还有主要包含特别是基于单体M1*b的总量至少60重量%,尤其优选70重量%,例如60-99重量%或70-99重量%通式II*的单体的上述单体M1*b的混合物,或单体II与苯乙烯和至少一种不同于它的单体M1*b的混合物。
除单体M1*a和M1*b外,聚合物P1*可含基于单体M1*总量至多20重量%,特别是不大于10重量%通过聚合掺入的不同于单体M1*a和M1*b的烯属不饱和单体M1*c。
此外,单体M1*c包括具有至少一个阳离子基团的单烯属不饱和单体M1*c.k。单体M1*c.k特别包括具有季铵基团或季铵化亚氨基的那些。具有季铵化亚氨基的单体实例为N-烷基乙烯基吡啶鎓盐和N-烷基-N′-乙烯基咪唑鎓盐,例如N-甲基-N′-乙烯基咪唑鎓氯化物或亚硫酸盐(metosulfate)。在单体M1*c.k中,尤其优选通式III*的单体:
其中:
R5代表氢或C1-C4烷基,特别是氢或甲基,
R6、R7和R8相互独立地代表C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基,和
Y代表氧、NH或NR9,其中R9=C1-C4烷基,
A代表C2-C8亚烷基,例如1,2-乙二基、1,2-或1,3-丙二基、1,4-丁二基或2-甲基-1,2-丙二基,所述C2-C8亚烷基任选间隔1、2或3个不相邻的氧原子,如3-氧杂戊烷-1,5-二基,
Z-代表阴离子等价物,例如Cl-、HSO4 -、1/2SO4 2-或CH3OSO3 -等。
所述单体M1*c.k的实例为:2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基丙烯酸酯-氯化物、2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯-氯化物、2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基甲基丙烯酰胺-氯化物、3-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)丙基丙烯酸酯-氯化物、3-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)丙基甲基丙烯酸酯-氯化物、3-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)丙基丙烯酰胺-氯化物、3-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)丙基甲基丙烯酰胺-氯化物、2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基丙烯酰胺-氯化物和相应的亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐。
单体M1*中单体M1*c.k的含量有利地为不大于20重量%,例如0.1-20重量%,特别是0.5-15重量%,尤其是1-10重量%。在优选实施方案中,聚合物P1*不含或含不大于0.1重量%通过聚合掺入的单体M1*c.k。
单体M1*c还包括具有两个或更多个非共轭烯属不饱和双键的单体M1*c.v。这种单体M1*c.v的含量基于单体M1*的总量通常不大于2重量%,特别是不大于0.5重量%。
实例为单烯属不饱和羧酸的乙烯基和烯丙基酯,例如丙烯酸烯丙酯和甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯,二-或多元醇的二-或聚丙烯酸酯如二丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯、二丙烯酸己二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸己二醇酯、二丙烯酸三乙二醇酯、三甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇酯、三(羟甲基)乙烷-三丙烯酸酯和-三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇-三丙烯酸酯和-三甲基丙烯酸酯,还有多官能羧酸的烯丙基-和甲基烯丙基酯,例如马来酸二烯丙基酯、富马酸二烯丙基酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙基酯。通常的单体M1*c.3还有化合物,例如二乙烯基苯、二乙烯基脲、二烯丙基脲、三烯丙基氰尿酸酯、N,N′-二乙烯基-和N,N′-二烯丙基咪唑烷-2-酮,和亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和亚甲基双甲基丙烯酰胺。
在尤其优选的实施方案2a中,聚合物P1*含基于单体M1*总量:
20-80重量%,特别是25-60重量%碱性单体M1*a,和
20-80重量%,特别是40-75重量%通过聚合掺入的单体M1*b。
在实施方案2a中,优选的单体M1*a为乙烯基取代的氮杂芳族物质,尤其是上述乙烯基吡啶和式I*单体。尤其优选的单体M1*a为式I*单体。
在实施方案2a中,优选的单体M1*b为通式II的单体以及乙烯基芳族单体,这些中特别是苯乙烯。优选的单体M1*b还有上述单体M1*b的混合物,其主要包含,特别是基于单体M1*b的总量至少60重量%,尤其优选70重量%,例如60-99重量%或70-99重量%通式II的单体或单体II与苯乙烯和至少一种不同于它的单体M1*b的混合物。单体M1*b特别仅或几乎仅(>95重量%)包含通式II的单体,尤其是两种或更多种不同的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的酯(R2=H或甲基,R3=H且X=O)的混合物。
在优选实施方案中,单体M1*b包含甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯如甲基丙烯酸甲酯与(甲基)丙烯酸苯基-C1-C4烷基酯或(甲基)丙烯酸苯氧基-C1-C4烷基酯,例如与甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙基酯的混合物。
在其他尤其优选的实施方案3a中,聚合物P1含基于单体M1*总量20-80重量%,特别是25-60重量%带有羧基的单体M1*a,和20-80重量%,特别是40-75重量%通过聚合掺入的单体M1*b。
在实施方案3a中,优选的单体M1*a为单烯属不饱和单-和二羧酸,尤其是丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、马来酸和富马酸。
在实施方案3a中,优选的单体M1*b为通式II的单体、C2-C10烯烃和乙烯基芳族物质,特别是苯乙烯,甲基丙烯酸C1-C8烷基酯如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正己酯和甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
聚合物P1*带有与异氰酸酯基团反应形成键的反应性官能团R1。每聚合物分子这种基团的平均数(官能度)通常为不大于3,通常不大于2,例如为0.3-3,通常为0.5-2,或优选0.3-1.8,特别是0.5-1.5,尤其是0.6-1.4。官能团R1可以排列在聚合物链中,优选位于聚合物链的末端。
通过通常方法通过GPC测定的疏水性聚合物P1*的数均分子量优选500-20000道尔顿,特别是1500-15000道尔顿。
聚合物P2*为线性或支化聚-C2-C4亚烷基醚,因此聚合物基本上,即基于聚合物P2*的重量至少90重量%由式IV的重复单元构成:
其中A表示C2-C4亚烷基,例如乙烷-1,2-二基、丙烷-1,2-二基、丙烷-1,3-二基、丁烷-1,2-二基或丁烷-1,3-二基。在聚合物P2*中,优选至少50重量%,有利地为至少70重量%,特别是至少80重量%,尤其是至少90重量%由氧化乙烯单元,即由式IV的基团构成的那些,其中A表示1,2-乙烷二基。此外,脂族聚醚可具有衍生于C3-C4氧化烯的结构单元。
在聚合物P2*中,特别优选关于官能团R2,官能度F2为0.5-3,特别是0.6-2.5的那些。
通过通常方法通过GPC测定的聚合物P2*的数均分子量优选500-20000道尔顿,特别是800-15000道尔顿。
尤其优选的聚醚P2*为通式V的那些:
Ra-X-(CHRb-CH2-O)p-H(V)
其中:
Ra表示氢、C1-C20烷基或苄基,
X表示氧或NH,
Rb表示氢或甲基,其中至少50摩尔%,特别是至少70摩尔%,优选至少90摩尔%基团Rb表示氢,
P表示整数,其平均值为10-500,优选20-250,特别是25-100(数均)。
上述聚合物组合物中聚合物P1*的总含量,即反应和未反应的聚合物P1*的总量优选9-90,特别是20-68重量%聚合物P1*、聚醚P2*和化合物V的总重量。
聚合物组合物中聚醚P2*的总含量,即反应和未反应的聚醚P2*的总量优选9-90,特别是30-78重量%聚合物P1*、聚醚P2*和化合物V的总重量。
聚合物组合物中化合物V的总含量,即所用化合物V的总量优选1-20,特别是2-15重量%聚合物P1*、聚醚P2*和化合物V的总重量。
两亲性聚合物组合物中聚合物P1*与聚醚P2*的重量比每种情况下作为用于制备的聚合物总量计算,优选1∶10-10∶1,特别是1∶4-2.2∶1。
化合物V已在上面定义,上述优选也适用这里。
上述聚合物组合物和上述聚合物组合物的制备方法描述于WO06/084680中。
上述聚合物组合物在下文中称为为“聚合物A”。
此外,如WO05/046328所述无规自由基共聚物适用作形成基质的非活性成分,其含至少一种式I**的烯属不饱和磺酸、至少一种式II**的烯属不饱和单体和任选其他单体作为单体:
其中X表示氧或NR5,R1表示氢或甲基,n可以为0-10,R2和R3相互独立地表示C1-C6烷基,R5表示氢、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳基氧基烷基、烷氧基芳基、羟基烷基、(二)烷基氨基烷基、(二)烷基氨基芳基、(二)芳基氨基烷基、烷芳基氨基烷基,烷芳基氨基芳基,其中芳基残基可以为取代的,烯属不饱和磺酸可以为酸或盐的形式或作为酸与盐形式的混合物,
其中Y表示氧或NR5,R4表示氢或甲基,R5和R6相互独立地表示氢、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳基氧基烷基、烷氧基芳基、羟基烷基、(二)烷基氨基烷基、(二)烷基氨基芳基、(二)芳基氨基烷基、烷芳基氨基烷基,烷芳基氨基芳基。
式I**磺酸的盐优选碱金属或铵盐。
作为烷基残基,可单独或以所述组合考虑C1-C20烷基。我们应特别提到C1-C6烷基如甲基、乙基、丙基、1-甲基乙基、丁基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基、戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、己基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基和1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、环己基、正庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、癸基、异癸基、十一烷基、月桂基、十三烷基、肉豆蔻基、十五烷基、鲸蜡基、十七烷基、硬脂基。
“芳基残基”意指单核或多核,任选取代的芳族烃残基。我们可例如提到苯基、萘基,或用卤素如氟或氯取代的苯基。
烷氧基代表经由氧原子(-O-)结合在骨架上的烷基残基。
芳氧基代表经由氧原子(-O-)结合在骨架上的芳基残基。
例如如下可作为其他单体存在:乙烯基芳族单体如苯乙烯和苯乙烯衍生物如α-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、邻-、间-和对-甲基苯乙烯、乙基乙烯基苯、乙烯基萘、乙烯基二甲苯和相应的卤化乙烯基芳族单体,带有硝基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、烷氧羰基、羧基、氨基和烷基氨基的乙烯基芳族单体,α-烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、异丁烯,长链(C10-C20)烷基-α-烯烃,二烯如丁二烯和异戊二烯,乙烯基醇酯如乙酸乙烯酯,乙烯基卤化物如氯乙烯、溴乙烯、氟乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、偏二氟乙烯、偏二溴乙烯,乙烯基腈,羧酸乙烯酯,1-乙烯基酰胺如1-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、1-乙烯基哌啶酮、1-乙烯基己内酰胺、1-乙烯基甲酰胺、1-乙烯基乙酰胺或1-甲基-1-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基咪唑,单烯属不饱和单体如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸和衣康酸的C1-C24烷基酯和单和双取代和未取代的C1-C24烷基酰胺,乙烯基磺酸,酐如马来酸酐,不饱和醛如丙烯醛,不饱和醚如1,4-环己烷-二甲醇二乙烯基醚、1,4-环己烷-二甲醇单乙烯基醚、丁二醇二乙烯基醚、丁二醇单乙烯基醚、环己基乙烯基醚、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚、乙二醇单乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、甲基乙烯基醚、正丁基-乙烯基醚、十八烷基乙烯基醚、三乙二醇乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基异丁基醚、乙烯基-(2-乙基己基)醚、乙烯基丙基醚、乙烯基异丙基醚、乙烯基十二烷基醚、乙烯基-叔丁基醚、己二醇二乙烯基醚、己二醇单乙烯基醚、二乙二醇单乙烯基醚、二乙基氨基乙基乙烯基醚、聚四氢呋喃-290-二乙烯基醚、四乙二醇二乙烯基醚、乙二醇丁基乙烯基醚、乙二醇二乙烯基醚、三乙二醇二乙烯基醚、三羟甲基丙烷三乙烯基醚、氨基丙基-乙烯基醚。
称为为“自由基”的聚合物意指通过自由基聚合制备的聚合物。
称为为“无规”的共聚物意指其中单体顺序通过单体的共聚参数确定的共聚物。这也适当地应用于由多于两种单体组成的共聚物。
这种类型的聚合物也称作无规共聚物。
式I**的磺酸可以为酸或盐的形式或作为酸与盐形式的混合物。术语“磺酸”将用于表示所有这些形式。
磺酸的盐为金属盐,特别是碱金属盐如锂、钠或钾盐或铵盐。
在优选实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物含至少一种式I**的烯属不饱和磺酸、至少一种式II**a的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和任选式II**b的其他烯属单体作为单体:
其中m表示0-4的整数,p表示整数0或1,R4表示氢或甲基,R7、R8和R9相互独立地表示氢、C1-C6烷基、卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基,其中烷基和烷氧基可以为卤素取代的,
其中Y=O或NR5,R10为氢或甲基,R5、R6表示氢、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基烷基、烷氧基芳基、羟基烷基、(二)烷基氨基烷基、(二)烷基氨基芳基、(二)芳基氨基烷基、烷芳基氨基烷基、烷芳基氨基芳基,其中芳基残基可以为取代的。烷氧基代表如上所述经由氧原子与骨架相连的烷基残基。芳氧基代表经由氧原子(-O-)与骨架相连的芳基残基。
“芳基残基”意指单核或多核,任选取代的芳族烃残基。例如,我们可以提到苯基、萘基或由卤素如氟或氯取代的苯基。
芳氧基代表如上所述经由氧原子与骨架相连的芳基残基。
例如,烷芳基代表甲苯基,芳烷基代表苄基,烷氧基烷基代表乙氧基乙基,芳氧基烷基代表苯氧基乙基,烷氧基芳基代表甲氧基苯基,羟基烷基代表羟基乙基,(二)烷基氨基烷基代表二甲基氨基丙基。
在尤其优选的实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物由至少一种式I**的烯属不饱和磺酸和丙烯酸苯氧基-C1-C6烷基酯如丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯构成。
在其他优选实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物由上述式I**单体,特别是2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸和至少一种式II**c的烯属不饱和单体和任选其他单体构成:
其中Y代表氧或NR5,R4代表氢或甲基,R5、R6代表氢、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基烷基、芳氧基烷基、烷氧基芳基、羟基烷基、(二)烷基氨基烷基、(二)烷基氨基芳基、(二)芳基氨基烷基、烷芳基氨基烷基、烷芳基氨基芳基,其中烷基和芳基具有前述含义。
在其他尤其优选的实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物含2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸和至少一种其中Y表示氧,R4表示氢且R6表示氢或烷基的式II烯属不饱和单体作为单体。
因此,在此尤其优选实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物含2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸和至少一种丙烯酸的酯作为单体。
所述丙烯酸的酯例如为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-甲基丙酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸十一烷基酯、丙烯酸月桂基酯、丙烯酸十三烷基酯、丙烯酸肉豆蔻基酯、丙烯酸十五烷基酯、丙烯酸鲸蜡基酯、丙烯酸十七烷基酯、丙烯酸硬脂基酯。
在非常尤其优选实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物含2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸、丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯和至少一种丙烯酸的酯作为单体。
在其他非常尤其优选实施方案中,无规自由基共聚物由单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸和丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯构成。
制备上述共聚物的方法描述于WO05/046328中。
上述共聚物在下文中称作“聚合物B”。
此外,适合的形成基质的非活性成分为如WO 06/000592所述共聚物,其可通过如下组分共聚得到:
(A)任选至少一种烯属不饱和单-或二羧酸或至少一种衍生于单-或二羧酸的酐,
(B)至少一种具有芳族官能或脂族官能或芳族和脂族官能的疏水性单体,
(C)至少一种烯丙基醇烷氧基化物,
(D)任选其他单烯属不饱和单体。
具有3-8个碳原子的烯属不饱和单-或二羧酸的实例为(甲基)丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸、巴豆酸;非常尤其优选丙烯酸。
作为衍生于具有3-8个碳原子的单-或二羧酸的酐,我们可例如提到:马来酸酐、衣康酸酐、柠康酸酐、亚甲基-丙二酸酐,优选衣康酸酐和马来酸酐,非常尤其优选马来酸酐。
也可考虑混合的酐,例如(甲基)丙烯酸与乙酸的混合酐。
优选的聚合产物可通过如下单体共聚得到:
(A)任选至少一种具有3-8个碳原子的烯属不饱和单-或二羧酸和/或至少一种衍生于具有3-8个碳原子的单-或二羧酸的酐,
(B)至少一种例如通式VIII的乙烯基-芳族化合物:
其中R14和R15相互独立地各自代表氢、甲基或乙基,R16表示甲基或乙基,k表示0-2的整数;优选R14和R15各自为氢,优选k=0。
α-甲基苯乙烯优选用作(B),非常尤其优选苯乙烯。
(C)至少一种通式I*的烷氧基化不饱和醚:
其中式I*的变量定义如下:
R1、R2、R3可以相同或不同且选自氢,C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,尤其优选甲基,或氢;
R4、R5各自相同或不同,且选自氢,C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,尤其优选甲基,或氢;
R6选自氢、SO3M、PO3M2,优选有机残基如C1-C30烷基,优选线性或支化的,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十二烷基、正十六烷基、正十八烷基、正二十烷基;尤其优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基;CO-H(甲酰基)或CO-C1-C20烷基,尤其优选乙酰基、丙酰基、正丁酰基、正硬脂酰基、正月桂酰基;CO-C6-C14芳基如α-萘甲酰基、β-萘甲酰基,以及优选苯甲酰基CO-C6H5,
M碱金属,尤其是钠或钾,或NH4+,或CH3,
n为3-100,优选10-40的整数,
y为0-10,优选1-10,尤其优选1或2的整数。
尤其优选R4和R5各自为氢。
尤其优选R1和R3为氢,R2选自氢或甲基,y为1。
任选一种或多种其他单烯属不饱和单体(D)可通过聚合掺入。
可任选通过聚合掺入聚合产物中的一种或多种单体(D)不同于(A)。作为优选的单体(D),我们可提到:
通式II的烯属不饱和C3-C8羧酸衍生物:
式III*的丙烯酰胺:
通式IVa的非环状酰胺和通式IVb的环状酰胺:
C1-C20烷基乙烯基醚如甲基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、正丙基乙烯基醚、异丙基乙烯基醚、正丁基乙烯基醚、异丁基乙烯基醚、2-乙基己基乙烯基醚或正十八烷基乙烯基醚;
含氮芳族化合物的N-乙烯基衍生物,优选N-乙烯基咪唑、2-甲基-1-乙烯基咪唑、N-乙烯基噁唑烷酮、N-乙烯基三唑、2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶-N-氧化物、N-乙烯基咪唑啉、N-乙烯基-2-甲基咪唑啉,
通式V的烷氧基化不饱和醚:
通式VI的酯和酰胺:
通式VII的不饱和酯:
其他适合的有含磺酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根的单体,例如乙烯基磺酸和乙烯基膦酸和通式IX的化合物:
其中磷酸根、磺酸根或膦酸根可以任选部分或完全以碱金属盐的形式存在,其中变量定义如下:
R7选自线性或支化C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基;尤其优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,尤其是氢;
R8选自线性或支化C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基;尤其优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,尤其是甲基,以及尤其是氢;
R9相同或不同且为线性或支化的C1-C22烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十二烷基、正二十烷基;尤其优选C1-C4烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基或氢;条件是在式II中,R9不代表氢;
A1相同或不同且为C2-C6亚烷基,例如-CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、(CH2)2-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-、-(CH2)3-、-CH2-CH(C2H5)-、-(CH2)4-、-(CH2)5-、-(CH2)6-,优选C1-C3亚烷基;尤其是-(CH2)2-、CH2-CH(CH3)-和-CH2-CH(C2H5)-;
x为2-6,优选3-5的整数;
a为0-6,优选0-2的整数;
b为1-40,优选1-10的整数;
m为2-200,优选10-40的整数;
R10、R11可相同或不同且选自氢、线性或支化C1-C10烷基,其中线性和支化C1-C10烷基如上定义;
X为氧或N-R12;
R12选自线性或支化C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、-己基;尤其是氢或甲基;苯基。
其他变量如上定义。
式III*化合物的可选择实例为(甲基)丙烯酰胺如丙烯酰胺、N-甲基丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺、N-丙基丙烯酰胺、N-叔丁基丙烯酰胺、N-叔辛基丙烯酰胺、N-十一烷基丙烯酰胺或相应的甲基丙烯酰胺。
式IVa化合物的可选择实例为N-乙烯基羧酰胺如N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-甲基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基乙酰胺或N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺;式IVb化合物的代表性可选择实例为N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-4-哌啶酮和N-乙烯基-ε-己内酰胺。
式VI化合物的可选择实例为(甲基)丙烯酸酯和酰胺(甲基)丙烯酸N,N-二烷基氨基烷基酯或N,N-二烷基氨基烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺;实例为丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯、丙烯酸N,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二乙基氨基乙基酯、丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基丙基酯、丙烯酸N,N-二乙基氨基丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸N,N-二乙基氨基丙基酯、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基丙烯酰胺、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、2-(N,N-二乙基氨基)乙基丙烯酰胺、2-(N,N-二乙基氨基)乙基甲基丙烯酰胺、3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基丙烯酰胺和3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基甲基丙烯酰胺。
式VII化合物的可选择实例为乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯或月桂酸乙烯酯。
优选丙烯酸酯用作单体(D)。
非常尤其优选如下用作单体(D):丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酰胺、乙烯基-正丁基醚、乙烯基-异丁基醚、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、1-乙烯基咪唑、4-乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基膦酸、乙烯基磺酸。
优选单体(A)-(D)以如下量通过聚合掺入:
(A)0-50重量%至少一种具有3-8个碳原子的烯属不饱和单-或二羧酸或至少一种具有3-8个碳原子的单-或二羧酸的酐,优选5-30重量%,
(B)5-80重量%至少一种疏水性单体,优选8-50重量%,
(C)10-90重量%至少一种通式I的烷氧基化不饱和醚,优选40-75重量%,
(D)0-20重量%至少一种其他单体,优选2-10重量%,非常尤其优选1-5重量%,
其中所述单体如上定义。
上述共聚产物在下文称作“聚合物C”。
制备上述聚合物C的方法描述于WO 06/000592中。
也可使用上述形成基质的非活性成分的混合物。
优选的形成基质的非活性成分为聚合物A,和聚合物B和C,乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物和乙烯基吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和上述聚合物的混合物。
基质的非活性成分(ii)优选以30-90重量%的量使用。
为进一步改善溶解性,可额外使用增溶剂。
作为增溶剂,可使用木素磺酸、萘磺酸、苯酚磺酸、二丁基萘磺酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,烷基磺酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,脂肪酸和硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,还可考虑磺化萘和萘衍生物与甲醛的缩合物,萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯-辛基酚醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚,辛基酚和壬基酚,烷基酚聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇-和脂肪醇氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液和甲基纤维素,聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯,聚氧乙烯脂肪醇,聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯,聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪醇,甘油脂肪酸酯,甘油脂肪醇,脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯。
所述表面活性剂(iii)优选以0-30重量%,优选1-30重量%的量使用。
也可明智地使用至多10重量%量的有机溶剂作为额外增溶剂。可能的有机溶剂为芳族溶剂(如Solvesso产品、二甲苯)、石蜡(如矿物油馏分)、醇类(如甲醇、丁醇、戊醇、苄醇、异丙醇)、酮类(如环己酮、γ-丁内酯)、吡咯烷酮(NMP、NOP)、乙酸酯(乙二醇二乙酸酯)、二醇、二甲基脂肪酰胺、脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯、DMSO。基本上也可使用溶剂混合物。
然而,优选避免使用有机溶剂。
有时活性物质和增溶剂具有明显的软化效果,即它们明显降低聚合物的玻璃化转变温度,使得喷雾干燥有时变得困难。在这些情况下,证明非常有利的是使用载体(下文也称作吸附剂)。此载体吸收液体或半固体活性物质/聚合物溶液,因此产生可易于使用的固体制剂。如下物质为可使用的载体的实例:天然矿物粉末(例如高岭土、氧化铝、滑石、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土)和合成矿物粉末(例如硅酸、细碎硅酸、疏水性硅酸、硅酸盐如碱金属或碱土金属硅酸盐、碱土金属铝硅酸盐、硫酸钙和镁、氧化镁),交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,磨碎塑料,肥料,例如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、尿素和植物产品如磨碎的谷物、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素(纤维素粉),纤维素衍生物如羧甲基纤维素钠,淀粉,淀粉衍生物如交联的羧甲基淀粉钠和其他固体载体物质。
通常,吸附剂在加热步骤以前悬浮于喷雾溶液中并且与它一起干燥。然而,有时也可作为粉末注入喷雾塔中。
此外,可使用其他非活性成分(iv)如杀菌剂和/或消泡剂和任选着色剂和/或用于拌种的粘合剂以实现特殊性能。
如果加入所述非活性成分,则优选以0-50重量%,尤其优选0.1-20重量%的量包含它们。
作为杀菌剂,可考虑用于农用化学活性物质配制的所有常规杀菌剂,例如基于二氯酚和苄醇-半缩甲醛的杀菌剂。杀菌剂的实例为来自ICI公司的或来自Thor Chemie的RS和来自Rohm & Haas的MK。
作为着色剂。可考虑所有用于此目的的通常着色剂。可使用在水中具有非常低溶解度的颜料和水溶性染料。可提到的实例为由名称Rhodamin B已知的着色剂:C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)112、C.I.溶剂红(Solvent Red)1、颜料蓝(pigment blue)15:4、颜料蓝(pigment blue)15:3、颜料蓝(pigmentblue)15:2、颜料蓝(pigment blue)15:1、颜料蓝(pigment blue)80、颜料黄(pigment yellow)1、颜料黄(pigment yellow)13、颜料红(Pigment Red)112、颜料红(Pigment Red)48:2、颜料红(Pigment Red)48:1、颜料红(PigmentRed)57:1、颜料红(Pigment Red)53:1、颜料橙(pigment orange)43、颜料橙(pigment orange)34、颜料橙(pigment orange)5、颜料绿(pigment green)36、颜料绿(pigment green)7、颜料白(pigment white)6、颜料棕(pigmentbrown)25、碱性紫(basic violet)10、碱性紫(basic violet)49、酸性红(acid red)51、酸性红(acid red)52、酸性红(acid red)14、酸性蓝(acid blue)9、酸性黄(acid yellow)23、碱性红(basic red)10、碱性红(basic red)108。
可考虑的粘合剂为可用于拌种的所有粘合剂。我们可优选提到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和纤基乙酸钠。
根据本发明,含农药和基质的非活性成分和任选其他组分(iii)-(iv)的水溶液首先通过加热制备。优选水用作唯一溶剂。通常,非活性成分的基质中微溶性农药的浓度为≥1重量%,优选大于10重量%,尤其优选大于20重量%。在一个优选实施方案中,非活性成分的基质中微溶性农药的浓度为1-50重量%,优选10-50重量%,尤其优选20-50重量%。
基本上如下方法可用以制备所述溶液:
方法A:制备含悬浮形式的农药和溶解形式的基质的非活性成分和任选其他组分的水悬浮液。为此,可将基质的非活性成分首先溶于水中,然后将农药悬浮于此溶液中,或可将基质的非活性成分加入农药的水悬浮液中。然后将产生的悬浮液在适合的装置中加热直至农药溶解。
方法B:如方法A下所述制备含溶解形式的基质的非活性成分的农药的水悬浮液,并将此通过与水或蒸汽的热流混合而加热直至农药溶解。
方法C:作为方法B的轻微改进,如果非活性成分为热稳定的,则可将它们溶解在热水流中,然后与农药在水中的悬浮液混合。
无论选择哪种方法,如下都适用:
对于农药分散在水中或聚合物水溶液中,小粒度有利,这是由于首先它有利于分散,其次加热溶解过程更快。如果使用粗农药,则也可在将悬浮液加热以前将此在聚合物溶液中研磨或磨碎。例如高压均化器、转子-定子装置、球磨机或胶体磨可用于研磨。然而,原则上也可将农药如所述首先放入水中,然后加入聚合物。
水悬浮液在适合的装置中连续加热。
加热可例如在任何适合的换热器,通常称为为换热器,其中热通过传热剂转移至其他介质以实现加热的装置中进行。
在间接热交换中,传热剂和待加热的介质通过换热表面分离。适合的传热剂为热油、热蒸汽或过热水,或甚至通常为热气或热液体。传热剂可逆流输送至待加热的水悬浮液。此外,待加热的介质也可连续输送通过静态传热剂。
在如根据本发明方法B)或C)进行的直接热交换中,两种介质接触。因此过热水或蒸汽可考虑作为用于直接热交换的传热剂。
通常活性物质的悬浮液可通过提供非常快的加热速率的所有方法加热。因此,电、感应或微波加热系统为可能的。
为将活性物质溶于水中,将水悬浮液加热至在标准压力下混合物沸点以上的温度。可选择的温度为80-350℃,优选90-300℃,尤其优选90-250℃。
为避免所用物质的热应力,不管使用哪种所述方法,加热至至少90℃期间的停留时间保持在几秒范围内。优选含活性物质的介质在用于加热的装置中的停留时间为小于180秒,尤其优选小于60秒,非常尤其优选小于15秒。为实现活性物质的完全溶液,通常选择0.5秒的最小停留时间。
通常溶液的固体含量为1-70重量%,优选3-60重量%,尤其优选5-40重量%。
在通过装置以后,将农药、基质的非活性成分和任选其他组分的热、加压水溶液直接导入喷雾装置。喷雾可借助喷嘴或借助转盘进行,对于喷嘴,基本上单组分或多组分喷嘴为适合的。喷雾塔中制剂的喷雾优选用单组分喷嘴在10-250巴的压力下进行。然而,也可使用多材料喷嘴,特别是双组分喷嘴,喷雾气体压力为0.15-10mPa。
干燥气体的塔入口温度为50-200℃,优选70-180℃。适合的干燥气体为空气或惰性气体如氮气、氩气或氦气。塔出口温度为40-120℃。干燥气体可以以与干燥塔中的液滴并流或逆流,优选并流供入干燥塔。
除简单喷雾干燥外,也可用内部和/或外部流化床进行附聚喷雾干燥(例如来自Niro公司的FSD Technology),其中喷雾干燥期间形成的粒子附聚成更大形式。
通常可使用其中将溶液喷雾的所有干燥技术,因此包括流化床喷雾造粒。
如果喷雾干燥粒子显示为粘性的倾向,则可将它们用非常细碎的固体撒粉。此细碎固体注入喷雾塔中,因此确保不发生粘附或凝结。适于撒粉的物质为上面已定义的载体。
根据一个实施方案,为了通过本发明方法A制备固溶体,因此将农药分散在聚合物的水溶液中并将悬浮液在适合的装置中加热至90℃以上,使得农药晶体溶解。含活性物质的聚合物溶液的加热应尽可能快,以降低农药的热负荷。为此,连续引导含活性物质的悬浮液通过适合的装置,其中如已描述的,停留时间优选几秒。然后将此加热的加压活性物质溶液喷雾并干燥。恰在喷雾以前,即恰在将它供入喷雾装置中以前喷雾溶液的温度为80-350℃,优选90-300℃,尤其优选90-250℃。喷雾溶液的压力则为0.08-20mPa,优选1-15mPa。
根据本发明优选实施方案,含农药的聚合物溶液可泵送通过位于90-500℃,优选110-300℃的热油浴中的小直径管道。这使得快速传热为可能的。含活性物质的聚合物溶液温度通过改变油浴温度和流率而调整。在它通过管道以后,将热的加压溶液直接使用喷嘴喷雾并用热干燥气体干燥。水的蒸发产生骤冷和喷雾液滴的干燥。
这种程序例如示意地显示于图1中。活性物质在基质的非活性成分水溶液中的悬浮液在装有搅拌器的容器1中制备;然后将悬浮液在盘管中连续泵送通过装有用于加热传热剂的加热器2a的换热器2中,然后将溶液在喷雾塔4中借助喷嘴3喷雾并干燥,收集产生的粒状固溶体5。
根据本发明其他实施方案,可选择以下描述的方法B的程序。如果微溶性农药的热负荷应进一步最小化,则尤其推荐此程序。将微溶性农药在室温或轻微升高的温度下悬浮于聚合物溶液中,在此温度下农药仍不分解。将此悬浮液供入混合池中,其中它经受与过热水或蒸汽的湍流混合。水或蒸汽的温度应为90-500℃,优选110-400℃,尤其优选110-300℃。由于水或蒸汽的高温和湍流混合,活性物质在聚合物溶液中的悬浮液极快加热至90℃以上并且活性物质溶解。通过混合池以后直接在喷嘴中喷雾并喷雾干燥。待喷雾的溶液的温度通过两种液体料流的温度和它们的混合比控制。较高的水或蒸汽流温度和较高的水或蒸汽流与农药/聚合物悬浮液之比提高待喷雾农药溶液的稳定。混合池中的停留时间取决于两种液体料流的流动速度和混合池的几何形状。通常使农药在聚合物溶液中的悬浮液在少许秒中达到所需温度。此外,农药的热负荷取决于混合以后多快喷雾干燥。因此,混合池与喷嘴之间的路径应相当短。农药晶体的溶解需要最小停留时间,其为针对活性物质而言溶解速率、溶液或悬浮液温度和粒度的函数。农药在高温下的总停留时间可随流动速度、混合池的几何形状和至喷嘴的路径长度设定。通常总停留时间为小于30秒,优选小于15秒,尤其优选小于5秒。对于高农药溶解速率,可实现甚至小于1秒的时间。
体积流率比可以为9∶1-1∶9,例如农药悬浮液与热液体料流的体积流率之比可以为9∶1-1∶9,优选7∶3-3∶7。
混合池的几何形状可以为非常多样设计:由简单T片至具有高湍流混合非常复杂的装置。料流放在一起的角可以为5-180°。在特殊实施方案中,可将一种料流用注射喷嘴注入其他料流中。
其他非活性成分,例如增溶剂通常包括在含活性物质的料流中,尽管原则上它们也可经由热水相掺入。
这种程序示意地显示于图2中。基质的非活性成分溶液中的农药悬浮液在装有搅拌器的容器6中制备并连续泵入混合池8中。将水由容器7连续泵送通过装有加热器7b的换热器7a中,并作为过热水或蒸汽还泵入混合池8中。在混合池8中,连续混合两种料流导致农药的加热和溶解。然后将热溶液在喷雾塔10中借助喷嘴9喷雾,收集粒状固溶体11。
粉末或颗粒形式的微溶性农药的固溶体可通过将微溶性农药的水悬浮液在基质的非活性成分的存在下加热至在标准压力下沸点以上的温度,使得微溶性农药溶解,然后将微溶性农药和基质的非活性成分的溶液(喷雾溶液)通过喷雾和干燥转化成固体形式而得到,其中在供入喷雾装置以前喷雾溶液的温度为80-350℃。固溶体优选通过将微溶性农药的水悬浮液在基质的非活性成分的存在下加热至标准压力下的沸点以上的温度,使得微溶性农药溶解,然后将微溶性农药和基质的非活性成分的溶液(喷雾溶液)通过喷雾和干燥转化成固体形式而得到,其中在供入喷雾装置以前喷雾溶液的温度为80-350℃。
制备固溶体方法的优选实施方案如先前所述。
本发明粉末或颗粒通常含:
a)1-50重量%农药,
b)10-99重量%基质的水溶性非活性成分,
c)0-30重量%增溶剂,和
d)0-50重量%其他通常的非活性成分。
由于它的多孔性,通过本发明方法产生的粉末具有非常良好的进一步加工性能。通常得到的平均粒度为25-500μm。
粉末或颗粒形式的本发明微溶性农药的固溶体用于制备含农药的配制剂。
产生的粉末可直接(作为粉末或可润湿粉末:WP、SP、SS、WS、DP、DS)或经受适当的进一步加工(成糊、小球、可湿性粉末、粉剂(WP、SP、SS、WS、DP、DS)或颗粒(GR、FG、GG、MG))使用。在进一步加工期间,可将如上定义其他非活性成分与如上产生的粉末混合。进一步加工所需技术为本领域技术人员已知的,如本发明制剂可类似于农药或负载农药的载体使用,参见US 3,060,084,EP-A 707445(对于液体浓缩物),Browning,“Agglomeration”,Chemical Engineering,1967年12月4日,147-48,Perry′s Chemical Engineer′s Handbook,第4版,McGraw-Hill,New York,1963,第8-57及随后各页,WO 91/13546,US 4,172,714,US4,144,050,US 3,920,442,US 5,180,587,US 5,232,701,US 5,208,030,GB2,095,558,US 3,299,566,Klingman,Weed Control as a Science,John Wileyand Sons,Inc.,New York,1961,Hance等,Weed Control Handbook,第8版,Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford,1989和Mollet,H.,Grubemann,A.,Formulation Technology,Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH,Weinheim(Federal Republic of Germany),2001)。
本发明还涉及包含本发明产生的固溶体的配制剂。
所有上述实施方案在下文中称为为本发明配制剂。
本发明产生的农药配制剂的优点是含高浓度活性物质作为固体、分子分散溶液,使得固溶体快速溶于含水介质中并且活性物质在过饱和范围内保持在含水介质中长时间。因此,实现高生物效率。
本发明还要求防治杂草生长的方法,其中将杂草、杂草生长的土壤或它们的种子用本发明配制剂处理。
本发明还要求防治植物上的昆虫害虫或螨和/或防治植物病原性真菌的方法,其中将真菌/害虫、它们的栖息地或待保护以防真菌或昆虫侵袭的植物或土壤,或植物、植物生长的土壤或它们的种子用本发明农用化学配制剂处理。
此外,本发明还要求用本发明农药配制剂处理种子的方法和用本发明配制剂处理的种子。
对于种子处理,将本发明配制剂用水稀释或直接使用。术语“种子处理”包括所有常规技术(拌种、种子涂覆、种子撒粉、浸种、种子涂膜、种子多层涂覆、种子包衣、种子滴流和种子造粒,优选浸种)。
术语“种子”包含所有种类的种子,例如谷粒、种子、果实、球茎、插条和相似形式。这里,术语“种子”优选描述谷粒和种子。
适合的种子为禾谷类种子、块根作物种子、含油种子、蔬菜种子、草药和香料种子、观赏植物的种子,例如如下的种子:硬质小麦、小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、玉米(动物饲料玉米和甜玉米)、大豆、含油种子、十字花科植物、棉花、向日葵、香蕉、稻、油菜、甜菜、糖用甜菜、饲料甜菜、茄子、土豆、草、草坪草、饲料牧草、西红柿、韭菜、南瓜、卷心菜、卷心莴苣、胡椒、黄瓜、甜瓜、芸苔属、甜瓜、扁豆、豌豆、大蒜、洋葱、胡萝卜、块茎植物如甘蔗、烟草、葡萄、矮牵牛花和老鹤草、三色堇、凤仙花,优选小麦、玉米、大豆和稻。
转基因植物或通过常规繁殖方法得到的植物的种子也可用作种子。
因此,可使用耐受除草剂、杀真菌剂或杀虫剂如磺酰脲(例如EP-A-0257993、美国专利号5,013,659)、咪唑啉酮(例如US 6222100、WO0182685、WO0026390、WO9741218、WO9802526、WO9802527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO03/14356、WO 04/16073)、草铵膦(glufosinate)类除草剂(例如EP-A-0242236、EP-A-242246)或草甘膦(glyphosate)类除草剂(例如WO92/00377)或环己二烯酮/芳氧基苯氧基丙酸类除草剂(例如US 5,162,602、US 5,290,696、US 5,498,544、US 5,428,001、US 6,069,298、US6,268,550、US 6,146,867、US 6,222,099、US 6,414,222)的种子;
或转基因植物的种子,例如产生苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)毒素(Bt毒素)且因此对某些害虫有抗性的棉花(例如EP-A-0142924、EP-A-0193259)。
此外,也可使用与常规植物相比具有改进性能的植物的种子。其实例为改变的淀粉合成(例如WO 92/11376、WO 92/14827,例如WO 91/19806)或脂肪酸组合物(例如WO 91/13972)。
防治杂草生长意指防治/破坏生长在不希望它们生长的地方的植物,例如:下列属的双子叶植物:白芥属(Sinapis)、独行菜属(Lepidium)、猪殃殃属(Galium)、繁缕属(Stellaria)、母菊属(Matricaria)、春黄菊属(Anthemis)、牛滕菊属(Galinsoga)、藜属(Chenopodium)、荨麻属(Urtica)、千里光属(Senecio)、苋属(Amaranthus)、马齿苋属(Portulaca)、苍耳属(Xanthium)、旋花属(Convolvulus)、番薯属(Ipomoea)、蓼属(Polygonum)、田菁属(Sesbania)、豚草属(Ambrosia)、蓟属(Cirsium)、飞廉属(Carduus)、苦苣菜属(Sonchus)、茄属(Solanum)、蔊菜属(Rorippa)、节节菜属(Rotala)、母草属(Lindernia)、野芝麻属(Lamium)、婆婆纳属(Veronica)、苘麻属(Abutilon)、Emex、曼陀罗属(Datura)、堇菜属(Viola)、鼬瓣花属(Galeopsis)、罂粟属(Papaver)、矢车菊属(Centaurea)、车轴草属(Trifolium)、毛茛属(Ranunculus)、蒲公英属(Taraxacum);
下列属的单子叶植物:稗属(Echinochloa)、狗尾草属(Setaria)、黍属(Panicum)、马唐属(Digitaria)、梯牧草属(Phleum)、早熟禾属(Poa)、羊茅属(Festuca)、掺属(Eleusine)、臂形草属(Brachiaria)、黑麦草属(Lolium)、雀麦属(Bromus)、燕麦属(Avena)、莎草属(Cyperus)、高粱属(Sorghum)、冰草属(Agropyron)、狗牙根属(Cynodon)、雨久花属(Monochoria)、飘拂草属(Fimbristyslis)、慈菇属(Sagittaria)、荸荠属(Eleocharis)、藨草属(Scirpus)、雀稗属(Paspalum)、鸭嘴草属(Ischaemum)、尖瓣花属(Sphenoclea)、龙爪茅属(Dactyloctenium)、剪股颖属(Agrostis)、看麦娘属(Alopecurus)、阿披拉草属(Apera)。
术语昆虫或螨害虫描述,但不限于如下属:
鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)、黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、木棉虫(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsiagemmatalis)、Argyresthia conjugella、叉纹夜蛾(Autographa gamma)、树尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、Cacoecia murinana、Capua reticulana、Cheimatobia brumata、云杉色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、Choristoneura occidentalis、二化螟(Cirphis unipuncta)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydiapomonella)、松毛虫(Dendrolimus pini)、Diaphania nitidalis、西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及钻夜蛾(Earias insulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、Evetriabouliana、Feltia subterranea、蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心虫(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta)、棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)、玉米穗虫(Heliothiszea)、菜螟(Hellula undalis)、Hibernia defoliaria、美国白蛾(Hyphantriacunea)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeuta malinellus)、番茄虫蛾(Keiferialycopersicella)、Lambdina fiscellaria、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(Leucoptera scitella)、Lithocolletisblancardella、葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesia botrana)、甜菜网螟(Loxostegesticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、模毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、黄杉毒蛾(Orgyia pseudotsugata)、玉米螟(Ostrinianubilalis)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、棉花红铃虫(Pectinophoragossypiella)、疆夜蛾(Peridroma saucia)、圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、马铃薯麦蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、欧洲粉蝶(Pieris brassicae)、苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、Rhyacionia frustrana、Scrobipalpula absoluta、麦蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)、葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera littoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、Thaumatopoeapityocampa、绿色橡木飞蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)和Zeiraphera canadensis;
甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨窄吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、直条叩头虫(Agriotes lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(Agriotes obscurus)、Amphimallussolstitialis、Anisandrus dispar、墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)、苹花象(Anthonomus pomorum)、甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、Blitophaga undata、蚕豆象(Bruchusrufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、欧洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa)、Cerotomatrifurcata、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis)、芫菁龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnema tibialis)、Conoderusvespertinus、石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi)、Diabrotica longicornis、Diabrotica 12-punctata、玉米根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrus brasiliensis)、欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿叶象(Hypera brunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、云杉八齿小蠹(Ipstypographus)、烟草负泥虫(Lema bilineata)、黑角负泥虫(Lemamelanopus)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、Limoniuscalifornicus、稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、Melanotus communis、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鳃金龟(Melolontha hippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、Phyllotreta chrysocephala、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophaga sp.)、庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotreta nemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本金龟子(Popillia japonica)、豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus)和谷象(Sitophilusgranaria);
双翅目(Diptera),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedesvexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrepha ludens)、五斑按蚊(Anophelesmaculipennis)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomyabezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomya macellaria、高粱瘿蚊(Contarinia sorghicola)、Cordylobia anthropophaga、尖音库蚊(Culexpipiens)、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、马蝇(Gasterophilusintestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossina morsitans)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、家蝇(Musca domestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomya hysocyami)、Phorbiaantiqua、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、Phorbia coarctata、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis cerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletis pomonella)、Tabanus bovinus、Tipula oleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa);
缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔硬蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci);
膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如新疆菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae)、切叶蚁(Attacephalotes)、Atta sexdens、Atta texana、Hoplocampa minuta、Hoplocampatestudinea、小黄家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、热带火蚁(Solenopsisgeminata)和红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta);
异翅目(Heteroptera),例如拟绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus)、棉红蝽(Dysdercuscingulatus)、Dysdercus intermedius、麦扁盾蝽(Eurygaster integriceps)、Euschistus impictiventris、棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis)、稻绿蝽(Nezaraviridula)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesma quadrata)、Solubea insularis和Thyantaperditor;
同翅目(Homoptera),例如Acyrthosiphon onobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphisforbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphisgrossulariae)、Aphis schneideri、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、Aphis sambuci、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、马铃薯蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、Brachycaudus cardui、杏圆尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、Brachycauduspersicae、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Capitophorus horni、Cerosipha gossypii、Chaetosiphon fragaefolii、Cryptomyzus ribis、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia nordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis radicola)、Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani、Dysaphis plantaginea、Dysaphis pyri、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzuslactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphumeuphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、Megoura viciae、巢莱修尾蚜(Melanaphis pyrarius)、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodespersicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzus cerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzusvarians)、Nasonovia ribis-nigri、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psylla mali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、Rhopalosiphum insertum、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneuralanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodesvaporariorum)、Toxoptera aurantii和葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii);
白蚁(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如calotermes flavicollis、Leucotermesflavipes、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)和Termes natalensis;
直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如居屋艾蟋(Acheta domestica)、东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、欧洲球螋(Forficulaauricularia)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、双纹黑蝗(Melanoplus bivittatus)、红足黑蝗(Melanoplus femur-rubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(Melanoplus mexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(Melanoplus spretus)、条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲蟑螂(Periplaneta americana)、美洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana)、Schistocerca peregrina、Stauronotus maroccanus和庭疾灶螽(Tachycinesasynamorus);
蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea),例如蜱螨目(Acarina),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae)如长星形壁虱(Amblyommaamericanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、波斯锐缘蜱(Argaspersicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilus annulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、Hyalomma truncatu m、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodes ricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、Ornithodorus moubata、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptesovis)、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),和瘿螨属(Eriophyidae spp.)如苹果刺锈螨(Aculusschlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrata oleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨属(Tarsonemidae spp.)如Phytonemus pallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨属(Tenuipalpidae spp.)如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨属(Tetranychidae spp.)如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychuscitri)和Oligonychus pratensis;
线虫类(Nematodes),尤其是寄生于植物上的线虫类,例如植物根结线虫,北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和其他根结线虫属(Meloidogyne);形成胞囊的线虫,马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)和其他球胞囊属(Globodera);禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(Heterodera trifolii)和其他胞囊线虫属(Heterodera);种子肿瘿线虫,粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides);刺线虫,杂草刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)和其他针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus);松线虫,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和其他伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus);环形线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema)、小环线虫属(Criconemella)、轮线虫属(Criconemoides)、中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)和其他茎线虫属(Ditylenchus);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫(spiral nematodes),Heliocotylenchusmulticinctus和其他Helicotylenchus属;鞘线虫和鞘形(sheathoid)线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和Hemicriconemoides属;Hirshmanniella属;冠线虫,Hoploaimus属;伪根结线虫,珍珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,Longidorus elongatus和其他长针线虫属(Longidorus);根腐线虫,Pratylenchus neglectus、穿刺根腐线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、Pratylenchus curvitatus、Pratylenchus goodeyi和其他根腐线虫属(Pratylenchus);穿孔线虫,香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和其他穿孔线虫属(Radopholus);肾形线虫,Rotylenchus robustus和其他盘旋线虫属(Rotylenchus);Scutellonema属;残根线虫,Trichodorus primitivus和其他毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus)、拟毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);阻长线虫,Tylenchorhynchus claytoni、Tylenchorhynchus dubius和其他矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus);柑桔线虫,垫刃线虫属(Tylenchulus);剑线虫,剑线虫属(Xiphinema);
和稻病原体,例如稻水象甲(rice water weevil)(稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrusoryzaphilus))、水稻二化螟(rice stem borer)(二化螟(Chilo suppresalis))、稻纵卷叶螟(rice leaf roller)、稻负泥甲(rice leaf beetle)、稻潜叶虫(rice leafminer)(Agromyca oryzae)、叶蝉(leafhoppers)(黑尾叶蝉属(Nephotettixspp.));尤其是更小的褐飞虱(brown leafhopper)、稻青大叶蝉(green riceleafhopper)、飞虱(planthoppers)(飞虱科(Delphacidae);尤其是白背飞虱(white backed planthopper)、稻褐飞虱(brown rice planthopper))、蝎蝽(stin kbugs)。
术语植物病原性真菌描述但不限于如下种类:
禾谷类中的禾白粉菌(Blumeria graminis)(白粉病),南瓜植物上的二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum)和单丝壳白粉菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea),苹果上的苹果白粉病菌(Podosphaera leucotricha),葡萄藤上的葡萄钩丝壳(Uncinula necator),禾谷类上的柄锈菌(Puccinia)属,棉花、稻和草坪上的丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)属,禾谷类和甘蔗上的黑粉菌(Ustilago)属,苹果上的黑星病菌(Venturia inaequalis),禾谷类、稻和草坪中的平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris)属和内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属,小麦上的颖枯壳针孢(Septoria nodorum),草莓、蔬菜、观赏植物和葡萄藤上的灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),香蕉、花生和禾谷类上的球腔菌(Mycosphaerella)属,小麦和大麦上的眼斑病菌(Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides),稻上的稻瘟病菌(Pyriculariaoryzae),土豆和西红柿上的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans),南瓜植物和啤酒花上的假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)属,葡萄藤上的葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmopara viticola),水果和蔬菜上的链格孢(Alternaria)属,以及链孢霉(Fusarium)属和轮枝孢(Verticillium)属,稻类植物和可能的话它们的种子上的平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris)属和内脐蠕孢(Drechslera)属以及稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)、笹木伏革菌(Corticium sasakii)(同物异名立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))和宫部旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus miyabeanus),材料如木材上的拟青霉(Paecilomyces variotii)。
实施例
所用聚合物为:
·嵌段VP/VAc:摩尔比为6/4的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与聚乙酸乙烯酯的嵌段共聚物(Mn=13900,多分散指数1.9,通过凝胶渗透色谱法测定并作为PDI=Mw∶Mn计算)。
·AMPS/PEA/BA:重量比为17/33/50的2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-1-丙烷磺酸供-丙烯酸苯氧基乙酯/共-丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物,其如WO2005/046328的实施例1制备。
在如下实施例中,所用换热器为直径为10mm,在150℃的油浴中的薄壁盘管。
实施例1-唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)的固溶体
将35.0kgK30溶于91.0kg软化水中。将10.5kg细碎唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)悬浮于此聚合物溶液中,同时强力搅拌。另外,将1.8kgNT1(来自BASF;烷基萘磺酸缩合物,钠盐)加入水悬浮液中。通过将水悬浮液泵送通过换热器进行短期高温加热,溶液温度升至135℃。通过高压泵在9mPa下产生的流率为700-800ml/min。将得到的热溶液使用直径为0.7mm的单组分喷嘴在90巴的压力下在喷雾干燥器中喷雾并干燥。当入口气体温度为150℃时,出口气体温度为97℃。得到具有极好流动性能的干粉末。
实施例2-9-唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)和氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)或环戊唑菌(metconazole)的固溶体
将35.0kgK30溶于91.0kg软化水中。将6.1kg细碎唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)和4.4kg细碎氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)(农药2)悬浮于此聚合物溶液中,同时强力搅拌。另外,将1.8kgNT1加入溶液中。通过将溶液泵送通过换热器进行短期高温加热,溶液温度升至133℃。通过高压泵在9mPa下产生的流率为700-800ml/min。将得到的热溶液使用直径为0.7mm的单组分喷嘴在90巴的压力下在喷雾干燥器中喷雾并干燥。在入口气体温度为145℃下,出口气体温度为95℃。得到具有极好流动性能的干粉末。
实施例3-9如实施例3进行。作为农药2,氧唑菌(epoxiconazole)由环戊唑菌(metconazole)部分代替(见表1,栏“农药2”)。使用各种其他聚合物代替NT1(见表1,栏“聚合物”)。用量不变。
表1
Claims (18)
1.一种制备微溶性农药的粉状或颗粒状固溶体的方法,其中通过将农药和基质的非活性成分的溶液喷雾而将微溶性农药分子分散在非活性成分的基质中,其中将所述微溶性农药的水悬浮液在所述基质的非活性成分的存在下加热至在标准压力下沸点以上的温度并且使所述微溶性农药溶解,然后将所述微溶性农药和基质的非活性成分的溶液(喷雾溶液)通过喷雾和干燥转化成固体形式,其中在供入喷雾装置以前喷雾溶液的温度为80-350℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中喷雾以前喷雾溶液的温度为80-300℃,且所述农药以溶解形式存在。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中活性物质在90℃以上的温度下的停留时间为小于180秒。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中在非活性成分的基质中所述微溶性农药的浓度为1-50重量%。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述喷雾溶液含吸附剂。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中将农药的悬浮液借助换热器加热。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中将农药的悬浮液通过与液体的热料流或蒸汽的热流混合而加热。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述农药的悬浮液与热液体料流之比为9∶1-1∶9。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中所述热液体的料流或蒸汽流的温度为110-500℃。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中喷雾干燥或流化床喷雾造粒方法用于干燥。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中在喷雾干燥期间将吸附剂或隔离剂注入喷雾塔中。
12.可通过将微溶性农药在基质的非活性成分的存在下加热至在标准压力下沸点以上的温度,并使微溶性农药溶解,随后将微溶性农药和基质的非活性成分的溶液(喷雾溶液)通过喷雾和干燥转化成固体形式而得到的粉末或颗粒形式的微溶性农药的固溶体,其中在供入喷雾装置以前喷雾溶液的温度为80-350℃。
13.如权利要求12所述的固溶体,其中它含a)1-50重量%农药,b)10-99重量%基质的水溶性非活性成分,c)0-30重量%增溶剂和d)0-50重量%其他常规非活性成分。
14.如权利要求12或13所述的固溶体在制备含农药的配制剂中的用途。
15.一种包含如权利要求12或13所述的固溶体的配制剂。
16.一种防治杂草生长的方法,其中将杂草、杂草生长的土壤或它们的种子用如权利要求15所述的配制剂处理。
17.一种防治昆虫或螨害虫侵袭植物和/或防治植物病原性真菌的方法,其中将真菌/昆虫、它们的栖息地或待保护以防真菌或昆虫侵袭的植物或土壤或植物、植物生长的土壤或它们的种子用如权利要求15所述的配制剂处理。
18.用如权利要求15所述的配制剂处理的种子。
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CN102805080A (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-12-05 | 广西田园生化股份有限公司 | 一种可用于防治农业病虫害的可溶性粒剂 |
CN103265380A (zh) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-08-28 | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 | 一种氯吡脲可溶粒剂及其制备方法 |
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BR112012009974A2 (pt) | 2009-10-27 | 2015-09-29 | Basf Se | método para produzir grândulos que compreendem um perticida |
CN103583537A (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-19 | 江苏丰登农药有限公司 | 一种含叶菌唑和吡唑醚菌酯的杀菌组合物及其应用 |
BR102016019512B8 (pt) | 2015-08-26 | 2022-10-11 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Composição compreendendo complexo protetor compreendendo cloquintocet e polímeros ou oligômeros contendo amina, seu método de preparação, e método para controle da vegetação indesejável |
KR102089450B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-05-26 | 한국과학기술정보연구원 | 데이터이주장치 및 그 동작 방법 |
KR102560852B1 (ko) * | 2021-05-13 | 2023-07-31 | 전남대학교 산학협력단 | 식물 내 멜라토닌 함량 증대용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 멜라토닌 함량 증대 방법 |
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CN102805080A (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2012-12-05 | 广西田园生化股份有限公司 | 一种可用于防治农业病虫害的可溶性粒剂 |
CN103265380A (zh) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-08-28 | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 | 一种氯吡脲可溶粒剂及其制备方法 |
CN103265380B (zh) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-02-11 | 四川国光农化股份有限公司 | 一种氯吡脲可溶粒剂及其制备方法 |
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IL198701A0 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
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US9480250B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 |
BRPI0719700B1 (pt) | 2016-11-16 |
WO2008065051A3 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
WO2008065051A2 (de) | 2008-06-05 |
JP5379015B2 (ja) | 2013-12-25 |
JP2010511009A (ja) | 2010-04-08 |
US20100062940A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 |
EP2120553B1 (de) | 2014-05-28 |
BRPI0719700A2 (pt) | 2014-02-18 |
EP2120553A2 (de) | 2009-11-25 |
CA2670113A1 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
EA200900729A1 (ru) | 2009-12-30 |
ZA200904517B (en) | 2010-09-29 |
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