CN101542877A - Circuit protection and control system, and protection and control method applying the system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a circuit protection and control system for vehicle and accumulator charging/discharging conditions, and a protection and control method applying the system. The system includes a control module and various control apparatus including the control module, such as a semiconductor breaker/relay SBR, a control unit SD08, a vehicle generator voltage/current adjuster VCAG, a semiconductor breaker delay starting relay SSR, a semiconductor control junction box JBSC etc. The control module consists of a signal output circuit, a signal dividing circuit and a locking control circuit. The various control apparatus are used to form an automobile semiconductor protection and control system (SPCS). The protection and control method includes a circuit protection and control method, a storage battery cyclic charge control method and an automobile storage battery start-delay charge control method.

Description

Circuit protection and control system, and protection and control method applying the system

The protection control method technical field of circuit protection with control system and the application system

The present invention relates to the protection control method of circuit protection and control system and the application system, particularly relate to can be used for circuit protection and the control of the occasions such as motor vehicles, accumulator cell charging and discharging.

Background technology

Automobile common circuit protection element is fuse（Or fuse）And breaker, the two, which relies on electric energy and is transformed into heat energy, is controlled, and the former is irrecoverable type, and the latter is reusable using bimetal leaf Re Zhang Leng Shrink characteristics.Breaker（Including fuse, similarly hereinafter）There is certain protective effect to short circuit or overload; but the various complex situations being likely to occur to automobile in; when the overvoltage or overload situations, shutdown that are likely to occur when such as connection of battery accidental reversal, jump start situations such as battery leakage electric discharge, breaker is helpless；In addition, the interval short-circuit reaction that local line may occur heavy current breaker is blunt, the protective capability to automobile electrical equipment, particularly electronic equipment is also not enough.Fig. 1 is the principle sketch that common automobile circuit protects system, and meltable line box and main junction box are located in engine room, and secondary terminal box is located under facia board.All kinds of fuses, breaker and/or relay are disposed with major-minor terminal box.100A main fuses in Fig. 1, meet two-way communication needs, are usually located in meltable line box or in main junction box.This each branched line of system has one or more levels insurance, seems safe and reliable, but the report explanation of automobile spontaneous combustion because of short circuit for constantly occurring of various regions, and existing safeguard measure still suffers from potential safety hazard.

Lead-acid accumulator service life significant difference under different field or different use conditions, away from statistics, as telecommunications industry stand-by power supply, its life-span was up to 5 10 years；It is used as automobile-used accessory power supply, most of taxi life of storage battery 1-2, home vehicle life of storage battery 2-3.The factor of influence lead-acid accumulator service life has many, such as the battery deep discharge that battery manufacture factor, environment temperature, improper use are caused etc., can all influence service lifetime of accumulator；Another main cause is estimated to have direct relation with charging modes and charging voltage.Commercial vehicle（Such as taxi）When battery is scrapped, most of accumulator anode board comes off seriously, and this is that generator is persistently charged with higher charging voltage and caused caused by overcharge of a battery for a long time.Either telecommunications industry is still electromechanical（Containing automobile）Industry, or other use secondary cells industry, existing battery charging modes, battery is general all in floating charge state during normal operation, if float charge voltage is improper（Such as part car battery）, it will influence service lifetime of accumulator.In addition, existing alternator for vehicle and voltage regulator can only adjust the voltage of output, if overload or short-circuit conditions occur for circuit system, generator system still can continued power, this entail dangers to generator, circuit system and car Safety.

With the increase of Hyundai Motor electric equipment, the power of required generator is also in increase, and this is also resulted in starting process, generator consumption power increase, and environment temperature is lower, and the consumption of starting process generator is bigger；In addition, with engine emission laws and regulations requirement more and more higher, particularly from the III of Europe, 40s discharge is included in test loop before cold-start period so that many auto vendors face a severe challenge.Research shows that cold-start phase engine discharging amount accounts for the 60 80% of whole test loop total release.To solve the emission problem of cold-start period, people have carried out substantial amounts of theoretical and experimental exploring, propose many effective solutions and popularization and application, measure includes inner cylinder direct injection GDI engine, VVT and lift etc. wherein in machine, the outer measure of machine is mainly the relevant content of Fast light-off catalytic converter, these measures effectively reduce the discharge capacity of cold-start period, but also considerably increase engine manufacturing cost simultaneously.

How the discharge of Jin mono- Walk reduction engine cold starting processes is problem that people pay close attention to always.After engine is started, generator quickly enters generating state, and its output voltage reaches more than 14V, and now battery is because of high current starting power consumption, and its terminal voltage is just recovered upwards from minimum point；Generator causes accumulator plate by up to more than 80A heavy current impact to the larger initial differential pressure of battery, while causing generator power consumption increase, the valuable start-up energy of consumption of engine, and increases starting discharge.If postponing generator when starting engine to battery and the power-on time of other electrical equipments, accumulator voltage after starting is set to have individual self-recovery process, it will to help to reduce the heavy current impact of accumulator plate and reduce starting fuel consumption and start discharge.

The content of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of circuit protection and control system, at least including a control module, and the control module includes signal output apparatus, signal decomposition circuit and lock control circuit；The signal decomposition circuit and signal output apparatus are connected in parallel；And the signal decomposition circuit at least includes the first signal decomposition element and secondary signal resolution element；The lock control circuit is from being connected to the signal output apparatus between the first signal decomposition element and secondary signal resolution element, and the lock control circuit presses the same or analogous positive C-V characteristic output signal of unidirectional thyristor fixed with gate voltage according to the change of input signal；The change of ground connection output of the signal output apparatus according to the input of itself and the output signal of the lock control circuit or according to the control module, carry out output control signal, and then control electronic switch or controlled circuit is turned on or off by single-chip microcomputer or other circuit controling electronics switch.

The present invention also provides a kind of protection control method using described circuit protection and control system, Bao include Yi Xia Walk it is rapid： S1 :The circuit protection and control system are set between power supply source and load, and the output end of the power supply source is connected to the circuit protection and the signal output apparatus and signal of control system The input of decomposition circuit； S2:By setting the signal output apparatus and signal decomposition circuit, to select the operation interval of the lock control circuit； S3:According to power supply source output or the change of the load, the lock control circuit is triggered to change its working condition and export corresponding signal, and then by the signal output apparatus according to the input of itself and the output signal of the lock control circuit, or the change of the ground connection output according to the control module, carry out output control signal； S4:Electronic switch is set between the power supply source and load, the on or off of the electronic switch is controlled according to the control signal from the signal output apparatus, and then control the on or off between the power supply source and load.

Being broadly described for core content of the present invention, Jin mono- Walk development can draw following ten kinds of Related products and three kinds of specific control methods on this basis above.Wherein, principle of continuity of electric current, and the diverted flow principle of DC circuit three based on the principle, BP are deferred in short circuit control:In three branch nodes for including power line, load line and control line, when short circuit occurs for loaded line, power supply power response minimum time scale below, power lead current change is close to zero, and loaded line and control circuit current change quantity within the time are equal in magnitude in opposite direction.Fault control is primarily not to cut off circuit by temperature change, but according to electric signal, eliminates electric energy to the transformation time of heat energy, thus power-off control time is far smaller than fuse or breaker.

1st, ten kinds of Related products：

1) semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR (referring to Fig. 2); the main thermo-responsive P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor M that thermal diode group Ri is included by control unit SD08 and one; and peripheral cell composition; it can be used as the breaker or relay for possessing circuit protection function, it can also be used to make the electronic-controlled installation such as Battery charge controller and generator voltage regulation.

2) semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit SD08 (see Fig. 2), by excessively stream control unit（) and voltage-regulation control unit CUi（CUv) two parts are constituted, wherein crossing flow control includes short circuit, overload and battery overdischarge control, voltage-regulation control includes overvoltage power-off control, for controlling various switch elements.

3) accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB (see Fig. 4); it is main to be made up of semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR1 for Battery charge controller and semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR2 for the control of other circuit protections; cycle charging is carried out to battery for any dc source including automobile current generator, while protection circuit system；

4) automobile current generator voltage and current regulator VCAG (see Fig. 4); it is main to be made up of accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB with semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR3 for regulator generator output voltage; for realizing that battery cycle charging and battery start delay charge control, while protecting automobile circuit system.

5) semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SSR (see Fig. 5), mainly by semiconductor open circuit/after Electrical equipment SBR4, Schottky diode Dl, D2, D3 etc., and for starting process electrical power generators or the control unit SD08-5 of battery charging circuit power-off control, fill slow play controller CR and a N channel MOS FET M5n and peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Unit composition soon；Connected for controlling starter and engine to start associated appliance device, and generator field circuit and/or battery charging circuit is delayed in starting process, to reduce fuel consumption and the discharge of starting process, while protecting battery.

6) two-way output semiconductor control relay system SRII (see Fig. 6); it is made up of the disconnected dibit earthed switch S7 of semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR6 and SBR7 and one logical one; effectively protected for replacing traditional 5 pin relay, and to the two-way electrical equipment controlled.

7) semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB (see Fig. 7), is mainly made up of control unit SD08-8, normally-closed contact outage device Br, LED, N-channel MOS FET or NPN triode M8n, NTC temperature-sensitive element Ri8 and other peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Units.

8) semiconductor control electromagnetic relay SER, mainly by control unit SD08-9, normally opened contact outage device Rl, P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor or PNP triode M9p, NTC temperature-sensitive element Ri9 and other peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Units；Above-mentioned electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB and relay SER; for when the MOSFET element of Large Copacity low on-resistance; when can not meet needs because of a variety of causes, it can also be realized substantially using electromagnetic actuator and semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR identicals protection control function.

9) semiconductor control terminal box JBSC and pair terminal box Sub-JBSC (referring to Fig. 8), is mainly made up of semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR, semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SSR, input/output interface device for being placed on each bar circuit etc.；Semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR and element branches line protecting fuse are mainly included in secondary terminal box Sub-JBSC；Two-way output semiconductor relay system SRII, semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB and relay SER can also be included in terminal box JBSC or secondary terminal boxes Sub-JBSC;Distribution is concentrated for automobile circuit system, and institute's connection line and electric appliance and electronic equipment are protected and controlled.

10) automobile circuit semiconductor protection and control system SPCS (referring to Fig. 8), mainly by automobile current generator voltage and current regulator VCAG, terminal box JBSC and pair terminal box Sub-JBSC and backup device are controlled with semiconductor（Fsl and Fs2) etc. composition; for realizing that automobile storage battery starts delay charge control; the control effect controlled including battery cycle charging; increasing storage battery service life, reduction engine start fuel consumption and discharge; protection circuit and electric appliance and electronic equipment make it exempt from circuit overvoltage, overload, the infringement of short circuit, eliminate the self-burning of vehicle phenomenon caused by short circuit reason.

2nd, three kinds of specific control methods：

1) circuit protection and control method Including crossing flow control, voltage-regulation control and relay control method, wherein crossing flow control includes short circuit, overload and battery overdischarge（Electric current is too small）Control, voltage-regulation control powers off control comprising overvoltage, and excessively stream and overvoltage control are controlled for circuit protection and control for circuit protection, relay, specific as follows：

(1) flow control is crossed：When the electric current increase or battery tension reduction of load circuit, the electric current for flowing through semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit SD08 lock control circuits reduces；Predetermined value is reduced to when load current exceedes predetermined value or battery tension, by the IGCT Ti made in above-mentioned lock control circuit by conducting mutation cut-off, and then control unit sends power down control signal, SBR executive component P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor M is set to recover automatically（Lock）Form cuts off load circuit；

(2) voltage-regulation is controlled：It is default to recover to power off voltage VI and irrecoverable power-off voltage V2, as semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR control unit master signal inputs e voltage Ve<During Vl, in control unit IGCT T and downstream triode T2 cut-off, load circuit conducting；When Ve increases to： Vl≤Ve<During V2, voltage-regulator diode Dv bypass current is flowed through, triode T2 is turned on, and then end FET M and cut off load circuit, now, if e terminal voltages decline certain numerical value, triode T2 can end again, and circuit recovers conducting automatically, and this is voltage-regulation control；As Ve V2, load circuit is cut off in Tv mutation conductings, and now the normally lower general who has surrendered of e terminal voltages can not make circuit recover conducting automatically, and this is overvoltage power-off control；

(3) relay is controlled：When opening or closing semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR earthed switch S, SBR is switched off or on load circuit, realizes Small current control high current purpose；During circuit turn-on, SBR is while above-mentioned to load circuit progress cross flow control or overvoltage power-off control.

2) battery cycle charging control method

The component that this method is related to includes electrical equipment Le that DC charging power supply or generator, battery, accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB, the electrical equipment Lm of direct battery power and process adjuster CDAB with pressure regulator power etc.；The product that the adjusted device CDAB of generator of the power shortage state by DC charging power supply or with pressure regulator of battery from the outset charges to when being discharged on sufficient electricity condition, accumulator plate is reduced substantially in charging process；When battery is charged to terminal voltage close to foot piezoelectric voltage value Vh, adjuster CDAB cut-out battery charging circuits ensure the normal safety utilization of electric power of electric equipment Le on other circuits simultaneously；Being connected in the electrical equipment Lm of accumulator terminal makes accumulator voltage decline rapidly, when accumulator voltage drops to close to its corresponding open-circuit voltage Vs value, adjuster CDAB connects battery charging circuit, and start the cycle over charging, so accumulator plus-minus polar plate coating material can be made to be easy to be electrochemically reacted, the chemical reaction equilibrium and thermal balance of battery charging process are realized, makes battery charging more abundant, service life longer.This method is adapted to car battery, also is adapted for other secondary cell chargings Control.

For car battery, the charging modes that battery after engine is started every time belong to systemic circulation charging, i.e. the power shortage state of battery from the outset charges to sufficient electricity condition；Battery charging modes belong to partial circulating charging to engine during normal operation.During normal work, the control of battery cycle charging passes through adjuster

The SBR1 that CDAB is included makes accumulator voltage and the different Walk of DC charging power supply voltage, battery is no longer constantly in floating charge state；Accumulator terminal occurs that regular positive negative impulse current, by selecting the size of SBR1 periphery electric capacity Cv and load Lm in above-mentioned CDAB, adjustment negative pulse width and pulse current peak, make in each charge and discharge circulation, the heat that discharge process is produced, is absorbed in charging process；Charged by partial circulating and reduce the inhibition that polar board surface product and surface charge participate in electrochemical reaction to pole plate coating material, the another pressure-limit current-limit by SBR1 is acted on, reduce the heat that charging process internal cell resistance is produced, so as to realize chemical reaction equilibrium and thermal balance in battery, the purpose of increasing storage battery service life is reached.

3) automobile storage battery starts delay charge control method

The automotive components that this method is related to include the generator without pressure regulator, the engine for driving generator, battery, automobile current generator voltage and current regulator VCAG, semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SSR, the electrical equipment Lm of direct battery power and pass through electrical equipment Le that adjuster VCAG powers etc.；After engine is started, battery charging circuit and dynamo field coil circuit are connected with relay system SSR delays are started by above-mentioned adjuster VCAG, with the rush of current for reducing the pressure difference between generator and battery, reducing accumulator plate, while reducing the energy expenditure during engine starts particularly cold start, reducing noxious gas emission when starting；Adjuster VCAG can carry out cycle charging control to battery simultaneously and protect the safety of electrical equipment Le and its circuit；Delay time can be determined according to situations such as battery tension recovery and/or motor vehicle emission.

Brief description of the drawings

Zuo Jin mono- Walk of the present invention are illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in accompanying drawing：

Fig. 1 is the principle sketch that common automobile circuit protects system.

Fig. 2 is semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR and control unit SD08 structure charts.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the C-V characteristic output signal of lock control circuit.

Fig. 4 gives battery tension current regulator CDAB and generator voltage current regulator VCAG circuit diagrams.

Fig. 5 gives semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SSR electrical schematic diagrams.

Fig. 6 is given with the semiconductor relay system SRII electricity for protecting and controlling two outlet line equipment Road sketch.

Fig. 7 gives semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB electrical schematic diagrams.

Fig. 8 gives semiconductor control electromagnetic relay SER electrical schematic diagrams.

Fig. 9 gives semiconductor control terminal box JBSC internal structures and automobile circuit semiconductor protection control system SPCS electrical schematic diagrams.

Embodiment

Fig. 2 gives semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR and control unit SD08 structure charts.Control unit SD08 mainly includes the excessively stream control unit CUi for including short circuit, overload and battery overdischarge control, and includes voltage-regulation control unit CUv two parts of overvoltage power-off control.

Excessively stream control unit CUi mainly includes current-limiting resistance R3, signal decomposition resistance R4 and R5, flow-limiting voltage-stabilizing diode Dl, voltage-regulator diode Di, unidirectional thyristor Ti, the triode Tl of output control signal, Schottky diode D2 of anti-external disturbance etc..Wherein, current-limiting resistance R3 and triode T1 compositions signal output apparatus；Flow-limiting voltage-stabilizing diode Dl, voltage-regulator diode Di and unidirectional thyristor Ti composition lock control circuits；Signal decomposition resistance R4 and R5 constitute signal decomposition circuit.Collector and emitter of the signal input part 1 respectively through resistance R3 and triode T1 is to earth terminal 2, separately through signal decomposition resistance R4 and R5 to earth terminal 2;Lock control circuit connects IGCT Ti anode from signal decomposition resistance R4 and R5 voltage-regulator diode D1 of the centre through reverse-biased connection, IGCT Ti negative electrode connects triode T1 base stage, and voltage-regulator diode Di is reverse-biased to be connected between IGCT Ti anode and gate pole；Signal output part 4 is drawn in triode T1 colelctor electrode;Lock control end 3 is drawn in the middle of signal decomposition resistance R4 and R5;Diode D2 anodes are connected on diode T1 colelctor electrode.

Voltage-regulation control unit CUv mainly includes current-limiting resistance R6 and R7, signal decomposition resistance R8 and R9, flow-limiting voltage-stabilizing diode D3, voltage-regulator diode Dv, unidirectional thyristor Tv, signal conversion triode Τ 2, the triode Τ 3 of output control signal, the Schottky diode D4 of anti-external disturbance etc..Wherein, current-limiting resistance R6 and R7, triode T2 and T3 composition signal output apparatus；Voltage-regulator diode Dv, flow-limiting voltage-stabilizing diode D3 and unidirectional thyristor Tv composition lock control circuits；Signal decomposition resistance R8 and R9 constitute signal decomposition circuit.Voltage-regulation controls collector and emitter of the signal input part 21 of circuit respectively through resistance R6 and triode Τ 3 to earth terminal 22, the another collector and emitter through resistance R7 and triode Τ 2 is to earth terminal 22, separately through signal decomposition resistance R8 and R9 to earth terminal 22;Lock control circuit connects IGCT Tv anode from signal decomposition resistance R8 and R9 voltage-regulator diode D3 of the centre through reverse-biased connection, IGCT Tv negative electrode connects triode T2 base stage, and voltage-regulator diode Dv is reverse-biased to be connected between IGCT Tv anode and gate pole；Triode T2 collector connecting transistor T3 base stage, and in three poles Pipe T3 colelctor electrode draws signal output part 24, and lock control end 23 is drawn in the middle of signal decomposition resistance R8 and R9;Diode D4 anodes are connected on triode Τ 3 colelctor electrode.

Signal input part 1 and signal input part 21 connect to forming control unit SD08 master signal input e;Diode D2 and D4 negative electrode connect to forming control unit SD08 output end c;Earth terminal 2 and earth terminal 22 connect to forming control unit SD08 earth terminal h;Lock control end 3 forms control unit SD08 excessively stream control end f;Lock control end 23 forms control unit SD08 voltage-regulation end g.Wherein f with!!Flow control can be crossed between end, e and g ends by external NTC temperature-sensitive elements as needed；Peripheral resistance and/or capacity cell are can access between e and f or e and g ends, f and h or g and h ends as needed；The signal of two control circuits is inputted contained by SD08 and control mode can be varied as desired in.SD08 can be fabricated separately using integrated circuit technique, also can be multiple SD08 chip packages one, to reduce cost.

Control unit SD08 core control portions are voltage-regulator diodes（Di, Dv) and unidirectional thyristor (Ti, Tv) composition composite component；Voltage-regulator diode is reverse-biased to be connected between the anode of unidirectional thyristor and gate pole, the anode and negative electrode of unidirectional thyristor, also serve as the anode and negative electrode of the composite component, and its anode has similar forward current voltage characteristic when gate voltage is fixed to cathode current voltage characteristic with the unidirectional thyristor that it is included.

During normal work, in addition to power cut off delay control unit SD08-5 is started, IGCT Ti is in the conduction state, and its operating point is located at before conducting change cut-off turning point A in certain area（Fig. 3 E F regions）；When load current exceedes predetermined value or battery tension is reduced to predetermined value, IGCT Ti by because by electric current it is too small and by conducting mutation cut-off, and then send power down control signal, and P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor M grid is output to by output end c, control FET M is connected to source electrode and the load circuit in drain electrode can not recover form cut-out automatically.Furthermore it is possible to by applying different electric potential signals in excessively stream control end f come control output end c output.

During normal work, IGCT Tv-as be in cut-off state, and its operating point is located at and become by cut-off before conducting turning point B in certain area（Fig. 3 C D regions）When control unit master signal input e voltage is more than predetermined maximum voltage, IGCT Tv mutation conductings, diode T2 conductings, triode T3 cut-offs, the now output of signal output part 24 high potential signal, FET M cut-offs are controlled, the normally lower general who has surrendered of e terminal voltages can not make circuit recover conducting automatically, so as to realize overvoltage power-off control；When adjusting control for generator voltage, IGCT Tv is in cut-off state, but by voltage-regulator diode Dv bypass current, can make triode T2 on or off downstream, so as to realize voltage-regulation control.

As shown in Fig. 2 control unit SD08 signal output part c connects FET M grid, SD08 other terminals are drawn as SBR terminal of the same name, including master signal input e, mistake flow control Hold f, voltage-regulation end g, earth terminal h.E and f ends and e and the adjustable resistance R1 and R2 at g ends, the working range for adjusting or demarcating SBR are connected in figure., can external NTC temperature-sensitive elements Rv between e and g ends when SBR is used for generator and Battery charge controller;F and h terminates the thermal diode group Di corresponding terminals that FET M is included；The grounded switch S ground connection in h ends, the earth point should try one's best controls the earth point of load circuit to keep equipotential with SBR；FET M source electrode as semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR power input a, FET M drain electrode as the SBR power output end b;Control unit SD08 can be split with FET M, can also be encapsulated and be made into integration independent SBR semiconductor elements.

When SBR is used for vehicle, the SBR of circuit must be held on during for starting, its f end is when starting engine by being disconnected after starting relay system SSR connection driving power supplies positive pole, starting；The SBR of other circuits, its earth terminal h are disconnected when starting engine by SSR, are connected after starting；It can so ensure that all SBR are not influenceed by pressure drop is started.For ease of fault diagnosis, the SBR used as breaker accesses low current LED (the band current-limiting resistances that driving current is less than 1mA between its internal fet M source electrode and drain electrode）, LED extinguishes when circuit system is normal, when occurring overload or short circuit, and FET M cut-offs, LED are lighted simultaneously.

SBR fault control is primarily not to cut off circuit by temperature change, but according to electric signal, accurately say it is that control unit SD08 is reached according to the short-circuit signal of load circuit, cause the voltage signal between its master signal input e and earth terminal h or the change by e ends to the current signal at h ends, executive component M is cut off circuit.When generation is short-circuit, SBR eliminates electric energy to the transformation time of heat energy, thus power-off control time is far smaller than fuse or breaker.

SBR premature beats are to reduce principle using NTC temperature-sensitive elements or thermal diode temperature rise pressure drop（Single thermal diode pressure drop about 680mV at 0 °C, pressure drop temperature varying coefficient is about -2.1 mV/ °C), when overload causes FET M temperature anomaly to raise, play its internal thermal diode group Ri pressure drop and reduce the electric current decline for making to lead to IGCT Ti, in M design temperature or limit permissive temperature（150 175 °C) before, IGCT Ti cut-offs, so that disconnecting circuit；By selecting thermal diode quantity, overload quantity can be controlled, overload circuit is cut off in predetermined SBR temperature spots.

Battery overdischarge is controlled in two kinds of situation, if one is that engine ignition or oil supply system are faulty, sparking starting repeatedly causes battery overdischarge to scheduled voltage, and the driving voltage from f ends is insufficient to allow IGCT Ti to turn on, and now control system will interrupt starting circuit automatically；Two forget to close certain electric switch or vehicle when being and shutting down is long placed in without when accumulator electric-quantity drops to predetermined value, by IGCT Ti current reduction to when can not maintain it to turn on, IGCT Ti mutation end, and leakage circuit disconnects automatically.It is every because of crystalline substance Brake tube Ti voltage jumps reason cuts off load circuit, recovers control system by opening and closing power supply or switch S after can only fixing a breakdown and works.

It should be understood that can be used alone excessively stream control unit CUi or voltage-regulation control unit CUv as needed, to export different control signals, the control to circuit is realized.

Fig. 4 gives battery tension current regulator CDAB and generator voltage current regulator VCAG circuit diagrams.As illustrated, adjuster CDAB power input J meets semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR1 and SBR2 power input al, a2 simultaneously;Voltage-regulation control unit in SBR1 carries out cycle charging to battery, and it loads incoming end bl as CDAB power output end B and connects battery positive voltage and electric equipment Lm;SBR2 is used to protect electric equipment Le and its circuit safety, and it loads incoming end b2 as CDAB power output end A circuit closer equipment Le;SBR1 control unit SD08-1 master signal input el meets SBR1 load incoming end bl;SBR2 control unit SD08-2 master signal input e2 meets SBR2 power input a2_;External NTC temperature-sensitive element Rv corresponding terminals, gl and the earth terminal hi for being used to the sense battery temp electric capacity Cv for being indirectly for adjusting charging pulse frequency between SD08-1 master signal input el and voltage-regulation end gl;SD08-1 earth terminal hi is drawn as CDAB earth terminal h, SD08-2 excessively stream control end G is drawn as CDAB excessively stream control end f；The SD08-2 grounded switch S2 ground connection of earth terminal h2.

When carrying out cycle charging control to battery using above-mentioned CDAB, the component that the control method is related to includes DC charging power supply or generator, battery, accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB with pressure regulator, the electrical equipment Lm of direct battery power and by adjuster CDAB electrical equipment Le powered etc..Former car connects the generator powered end of battery positive voltage and battery tension signal end is connected on CDAB J ends.The product that the adjusted device CDAB of generator of the power shortage state by DC charging power supply or with pressure regulator of battery from the outset charges to when being discharged on sufficient electricity condition, accumulator plate is reduced substantially in charging process.When battery, which is charged to terminal voltage, reaches sufficient piezoelectric voltage value Vh, such as car battery 14.4v, adjuster CDAB SD08-1 output high potential control signals, control FET Ml cut-offs, cut off battery charging circuit, SD08-2 is held on simultaneously, it is ensured that electric equipment Le normal safety utilization of electric power on other circuits.Now, being connected in the electrical equipment Lm of battery positive voltage makes accumulator voltage decline rapidly, when accumulator voltage drops to its corresponding open-circuit voltage values Vs, such as 12.8v, SD08-1 exports low potential control signal, control FET Ml is turned on again, connect battery charging circuit, and start the cycle over charging, so accumulator plus-minus polar plate coating material can be made to be easy to be electrochemically reacted, the chemical reaction equilibrium and thermal balance of battery charging process are realized, makes battery charging more abundant, service life longer.This method is adapted to car battery, also is adapted for other secondary cell charge controls. For car battery, the charging modes that battery after engine is started every time belong to systemic circulation charging, i.e. the power shortage state of battery from the outset charges to sufficient electricity condition；Battery charging modes belong to partial circulating charging to engine during normal operation.During normal work, the control of battery cycle charging passes through adjuster

The SBR1 that CDAB is included makes accumulator voltage and the different Walk of DC charging power supply voltage, battery is no longer constantly in floating charge state；Accumulator terminal occurs that regular positive negative impulse current, by selecting the size of SBR1 periphery electric capacity Cv and load Lm in above-mentioned CDAB, adjustment negative pulse width and pulse current peak, make in each charge and discharge circulation, the heat that discharge process is produced, is absorbed in charging process；Charged by partial circulating and reduce the inhibition that polar board surface product and surface charge participate in electrochemical reaction to pole plate coating material, the another pressure-limit current-limit by SBR1 is acted on, reduce the heat that charging process internal cell resistance is produced, so as to realize chemical reaction equilibrium and thermal balance in battery, the purpose of increasing storage battery service life is reached.

It is adjustable to that 1 milli is wonderful following the battery discharging duration, discharge current size is set in 13 times of charging current.In actual motion, carry out the 14.5V of self generator or so voltage, below 14.4V is adjusted to after CDAB, and the pulsation scope for passing in and out battery current is 24 times of charging current value, this is conducive to reducing battery polarization phenomena, increasing storage battery service life.NTC temperature-sensitive elements Rv near battery can be such that charging voltage declines with the rise of battery temp.When generator does not work, CDAB can protect the electronic equipment for being connected directly between its A end, including by mistake by the protection of battery Opposite direction connection, while can be protected to battery leakage electric discharge, such as when battery tension drops to a certain predetermined value（Such as 12.0V) when, by the cut-off leakage discharge circuits of SBR2, it can so avoid the battery deep discharge caused by driver forgets to close certain electric switch from can not starting the phenomenon of engine, and battery can be protected.

Generator voltage current regulator VCAG is main to be made up of accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB with semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR3 for regulator generator output voltage；Adjuster CDAB power input J and power output end A and B also serve as the power input output end of the same name of the adjuster VCAG;J termination generator power supplies output end, B termination battery positive voltage, field circuit terminals F1 of the A ends through ignition switch IG and VCAG connects above-mentioned SBR3 power input, SBR3 power output end sending and receiving motor excitation coil power input, magnet exciting coil other end ground connection；The master signal input e3 of SBR3 control units connects the H ends that adjuster VCAG power input J, the above-mentioned accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB of earth terminal h3 connections earth terminal and the ground connection exit h as adjuster VCAG pick up dynamic relay system SSR, and CDAB exit f connects the battery driving voltage end of above-mentioned starting relay system SSR offers as adjuster VCAG mistake flow control exit f.Adjuster VCAG or its SBR3 included can be placed in generator, and adjuster CDAB can be formed integrally with battery.Wrapped in VCAG Three SBR contained, its voltage regulation limits are different, and SBR1 is about：12.8 14.4V, SBR2 are not more than 16V, and SBR3 is 14.5 ± 0.25V.Because CDAB or VCAG uses the cycle charging mode that limitation charging voltage and charge and discharge are combined to the charging modes of battery, it is not in overcharge phenomenon that charging interval is short, long-time charges, all the time battery is made to be in chemical balance and thermal equilibrium state, car suitable for home use also is adapted for commercial vehicle.

Fig. 5 gives semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SSR electrical schematic diagrams, as illustrated, including with the above-mentioned semiconductor open circuit/semiconductor open circuit of relay SBR circuit structures identical the 4th/relay SBR4 and with control unit SD08 circuit structure identical semiconductors open circuit/relay control unit SD08-5, slow play controller CR, N-channel MOS FET M5n are filled soon and is arranged as required to multiple diode Dl, D2 and D3 etc..

Semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR4 is used as starter relay, and its power input A4 connects battery positive voltage, output end B4 and picks up motivation electromagnetic clutch coil, SBR earth terminal h4 ground connection or towards automobile burglar stop system；Diode Dl, D2, D3 etc. anode connect SBR4 output end, the negative electrode of each diode is used as drive end fl, f2, β for starting relay system SSR etc., when picking up dynamic respectively can not deenergizing circuit semiconductor open circuit/relay excessively stream control end, and make its start engine when be held on；SSR power input Α 4 and output end Β 4 are identical with the power input output end for semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR4 that it is included；SBR4 control unit master signal input e4, as SSR control signal input, meets ignition switch IG starting end st;Earth terminal h4 is directly grounded.

Control unit SD08-5 is used to control N-channel MOS FET M5n, and by M5n to during starting can deenergizing circuit, the semiconductor open circuit/relay for including electrical power generators and/or storage battery charge control circuit provides unified earth terminal H;H ends are as the ground connection control end for starting relay system SSR, the earthed switch S that source electrode and drain electrode of the H ends through FET M5n are connected with control unit SD08-5 earth terminal h5 and led in terminal box or driver's cabin;Control unit SD08-5 master signal input e5 picks up dynamic relay system SSR power input A4 as its power end;Control unit SD08-5 excessively stream control end f5, as power cut off delay control signal end, connects the above-mentioned output end for filling slow play controller CR soon；Control unit（SD08-5 the grounded switch S5 ground connection of earth terminal h5)；Controller CR is made up of elements such as capacitance resistances, and introduces power supply signal from ignition switch IG starting end st.By matching control unit SD08-5 inside and peripheral cell, IGCT Ti and Tv in SD08-5 is set to be in cut-off state before engine is started and after delayed firing；Start before engine, triode Τ 3 and T1 in SD08-5 are turned off, FET Μ η conductings；Bypass voltage-regulator diode Di is turned on by the control signal applied at f5 ends when starting engine, and makes triode T1 conductings, M5n cut-offs；F5 ends are controlled after starting Signal delay processed is released, triode T1 delay cut-offs, M5n Delayed conductings, and then the ground path of related semiconductor open circuit/relay is connected in delay, and makes its Delayed conducting；By matching SSR inner members, SSR can be made, which not started pressure drop by battery, to be influenceed.Above-mentioned SSR can be used for automobile storage battery to start delay charge control, and it is related to the generator without pressure regulator, the engine for driving generator, battery, automobile current generator voltage and current regulator VCAG, semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SSR, the electrical equipment Lm of direct battery power and passes through electrical equipment Le that adjuster VCAG powers etc..The earth terminal of semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit of electrical power generators and storage battery charge control circuit is grounded by N-channel MOS FET M5n during starting；FET M5n is turned on and ended by another semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit SD08-5 controls.After engine is started, battery charging circuit and dynamo field coil circuit are connected with relay system SSR delays are started by above-mentioned adjuster VCAG, with the rush of current for reducing the pressure difference between generator and battery, reducing accumulator plate, while reducing the energy expenditure during engine starts particularly cold start, reducing noxious gas emission when starting；Adjuster VCAG can carry out cycle charging control to battery simultaneously and protect the safety of electrical equipment Le and its circuit；Delay time can be determined according to situations such as battery tension recovery and/or motor vehicle emission.Specifically, when connecting ignition switch IG starting ends, automobile storage battery provides driving voltage for control unit SD08-5 excessively stream control end, control unit SD08-5 is set to export low potential, FET M5n ends, and then cuts off battery charging circuit and/or automobile current generator magnet exciting coil power supply circuit；In addition, when connecting ignition switch IG starting ends, battery charges for delay controller CR, after engine is started, Delayed conducting voltage is provided for control unit SD08-5 excessively stream control ends by delay controller, FET M5n cut-offs are kept；When delay controller completes delays time to control action, control unit SD08-5 exports high potential because declining excessively stream control terminal voltage, so that FET M5n conducting ground connection, and then cause automobile current generator to start to generate electricity, and battery is charged by cycle charging mode.

Fig. 6 is given with the semiconductor relay system SRII electrical schematic diagrams for protecting and controlling two outlet line equipment; as illustrated, relay system SRII power input is respectively through having semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR6 and SBR7 of same circuits structure with above-mentioned semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR to load L1 and L2;SBR6 and SBR7 master signal input termination SRII power input, its earth terminal is grounded by switching S7；Semiconductor open circuit/relay that S7 connects ground wire is switched, its loaded line is powered, and another circuit is powered off simultaneously；SBR6 and SBR7 control unit SD08-6 and SD08-7, can be using integrated circuit technique encapsulation together.Available for replacing traditional 5 pin relay, and the two-way electric appliance and electronic equipment controlled is effectively protected.

Fig. 7 give semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB electrical schematic diagrams, as illustrated, including with it is upper Stating semiconductor power-down/relay control unit SD08 has semiconductor power-down/relay control unit SD08-8 of same circuits structure, normally-closed contact outage device Br, LED, N-channel MOS FET or NPN triode M8n, NTC temperature-sensitive element Ri and other peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Units.

Power input A8 and breaker device Br of the power supply through above-mentioned electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB contact to SEB power output end B8, and towards electrical equipment；Power input A8 meets control unit SD08-8 master signal input e8, magnet coil and LED and FET M8n source electrode and drain electrode separately through breaker device Br meets control unit SD08-8 earth terminal h8, and grounded switch S8 is grounded；Control unit SD08-8 signal output part c8 connects FET M8n grid；NTC temperature-sensitive elements Ri8, which is bonded in breaker device Br mains sides, to be had on the contact back metal piece of certain contact resistance, and its terminals connects control unit SD08-8 excessively stream control end and earth terminal h8 respectively.

Fig. 8 gives semiconductor control electromagnetic relay SER electrical schematic diagrams; as shown in the figure; Fig. 7 breaker device Br is changed into normally opened contact relay Rl, cancels LED, N-channel MOS FET M8n changed into P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor or PNP triode M9p is placed in relay coil upstream, so that it may the electromagnetic relay SER for possessing circuit protection function controlled by earthed switch S9 is obtained.

As that can not replace electromagnetic relay SER-sample with semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB, SER can not replace SEB;Because when SER ON operations, its magnet coil power consumption is larger, it is inappropriate to be used as breaker, and during SEB ON operations, its magnet coil no power, only control unit SD08-8 consume micro energy.

Fig. 9 gives semiconductor control terminal box JBSC internal structures and automobile circuit semiconductor protection control system SPCS electrical schematic diagrams.As illustrated, terminal box JBSC power input has C and D two entrances；D ends are through backup device（Fsl battery positive voltage) is connect, its corresponding output end connection is insensitive to voltage change and helps to realize the electric equipment of battery cycle charging control, such as fuel pump；C termination automobile current generator voltage and current regulators VCAG power output end A, its corresponding output end connects other electric equipments；JBSC power output ends connect each electrical equipment and each controlling switch；It is used as semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR that relay is used inside terminal box JBSC, circuit upstream and downstream where it can no longer set other circuit protection devices；It is used as semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR that breaker is used, circuit downstream branch circuit where it can be arranged as required to low current fuse, to reduce cost；The power input A for starting relay system SSR is connected toward on a pair terminal box Sub- JBSC power line, and SSR control signal input meets ignition switch IG starting end st;SSR drive end when picking up dynamic respectively can not deenergizing circuit semiconductor open circuit/relay excessively stream control end, include adjuster VCAG mistake flow control exit f;SSR ground connection control end H pick up it is dynamic during can deenergizing circuit semiconductor open circuit/relay Earth terminal, includes adjuster VCAG ground connection exit h.Retaining branched line fuse is used to reduce cost; branched line fuse primarily serves circuit overload protective effect; if short circuit occurs for branched line, the semiconductor control protective unit SBR or electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB of its upstream will cut off circuit prior to branched line fuse.Backup device（Fsl and Fs2) can be fuse or other breakers, for the stand-by protection when semiconductor protection control device fails.

As shown in figure 9, adjuster VCAG power input J is through backup device（Fs2) power input C, VCAG that sending and receiving motor power output end, VCAG power output end A meet above-mentioned terminal box JBSC power output end B meet JBSC power input D and while connecing battery positive voltage through backup device (Fsl), and terminal box JBSC power output connects each electrical equipment or electric switch；Control system SPCS; the starting relay system SSR included by above-mentioned adjuster VCAG and terminal box JBSC; realize that automobile storage battery starts delay charge control; including the control of battery cycle charging; increasing storage battery service life, the consumption of reduction engine starting power and discharge, while protecting automobile electric appliance system；Control system SPCS, each semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR and backup device included by terminal box JBSC and pair terminal box Sub-JBSC（Fsl and Fs2), automobile circuit and electric appliance and electronic equipment can be made to exempt from circuit overvoltage, overload, the infringement of short circuit, the self-burning of vehicle phenomenon caused by short circuit reason is eliminated.

Fig. 9 is traditional circuit protection system（See Fig. 1) electronic improved structure, replace Fig. 1 fuse F1 with SEB or SBR, retain mini fuse silk F13;Replace relay RL1 and fuse Fll, SBR-2 substitution RL2 and F12 with SBR-1;Replace five pin relay RL3, F2 and F3 with SRII;Replace the 60A fuses for leading to secondary terminal box with SBR-3;Replace fuse F4 and RL4, SBR-5 substitution F5 with SBR-4, retain low current（Such as below 20A）Fuse F51 and F52;100A main fuses are replaced with VCAG in Fig. 1；With SSR substitution starter relay Rs, SSR simultaneously to start when can not deenergizing circuit semiconductor protection device（SBR2 in SEB, SBR-3 as shown, VCAG) excessively stream control end f driving voltage is provided, and to when starting can deenergizing circuit semiconductor protection device（SBR1 and SBR3 in SBR-5, VCAG as shown) unified earth terminal H is provided;Increase the Fs2 of the extreme backup device Fsl of accumulator positive and generator end.Each electromagnetic relay is replaced with SBR in secondary terminal box Sub-JBSC, and low current branched line is protected based on fuse.

Concrete application example and explanation：

Here in conjunction with above-mentioned relevant control device circuit diagram, for the vehicle of 12V lead-acid accumulators, when providing circuit debugging, the application example of the part control device made of discrete component is specific as follows： MCR100-B, voltage-regulator diode Di and Dv select BZX-83C (6.4V), and voltage-regulator diode Dl, D2 select 2CW103 (4.0 5.8V);Diode D2, D4 select Schottky diode 1N5819;Voltage-regulator diode D5 selects 2CW141;Triode Tl, Τ 2, Τ 3 select triode C1815;R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 resistance are 1000 Ω;R5, R9 are 2200 Ω.

2nd, semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR (referring to Fig. 2)

SBR is made by Fig. 2 circuit structures form, wherein control unit SD08 makes of said elements, thermo-responsive P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor selects SUB50P05-13LT (60A, lOmQ);Peripheral cell Rl, R2 are respectively with 2000 Ω adjustable resistances；.

3rd, semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB and relay SER (with reference to Fig. 7,8)

SEB and SER is made by Fig. 7,8 circuit structures;Control unit SD08-8 and SD08-8 make of said elements, and M8n selects PNP triode C9012 from NPN triode C9013, M9p in figure;Outage device Br selects CH41 normally-closed contact relays, and relay system R1 selects the pin relays of 961A-1C-12DM 5；During simulation overload experiment, NTC temperature-sensitive elements Ri8 and Ri9 can be combined with multiple thermal diode MF58Z and replaced；Peripheral cell Rl, R2 are respectively with 2000 Ω adjustable resistances.

The control unit SD08 made using above-mentioned discrete component, semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR, semiconductor controls electro-magnetic circuit breaker SEB and relay SER, and the accumulator cell charging and discharging adjuster CDAB made by the additional other elements of SD08 and SBR, two-way output semiconductor relay system SRII is easy to realize the control effect that " circuit protection and control method " and " battery cycle charging control method " are mentioned on laboratory or real vehicle, but because number of elements is excessive, generator voltage current regulator VCAG is made with discrete component, it is relatively difficult to start relay system SSR and terminal box JBSC and control system SPCS and be applied to actual vehicle, relative control apparatus need to be made using integrated circuit technique, further according to specific vehicle each control device is made with reference to related circuit figure.

In addition, the control unit for each control device that above-mentioned use discrete component makes, its static working current is up to about 0.02A, it is impossible to meet vehicle real work needs.Control unit SD08 is made by using integrated circuit technique, below 0.1mA its static working current can be reduced to, normal vehicle operation is not interfered with thus.

By the invention ten kinds of Related products and three kinds of specific control methods, also are adapted for other motor vehicles or DC circuit system in addition to automobile circuit.Any improvement, deformation or innovation on basis of the invention is within the claims in the present invention protection domain.

Claims (1)

1. Claim

   1st, a kind of circuit protection and control system, it is characterised in that at least including a control module, the control module include signal output apparatus, signal decomposition circuit and lock control circuit；

   The signal decomposition circuit and signal output apparatus are connected in parallel；And the signal decomposition circuit at least includes the first signal decomposition element and secondary signal resolution element；

   The lock control circuit is from being connected to the signal output apparatus between the first signal decomposition element and secondary signal resolution element, and the lock control circuit presses the same or analogous positive C-V characteristic output signal of unidirectional thyristor fixed with gate voltage according to the change of input signal；

   The signal output apparatus is according to the input of itself and the output signal of the lock control circuit, or the change exported according to the ground connection of the control module, carrys out output control signal.

   2nd, circuit protection according to claim 1 and control system, it is characterised in that the circuit protection at least includes the excessively stream control unit containing the control module with control system（CUi the voltage-regulation control unit) and/or containing the control module（CUv) ；

   Wherein, the excessively stream control unit（CUi the signal output apparatus of control module) includes current-limiting resistance R3 and triode T1;The the first signal decomposition element and secondary signal resolution element of the signal decomposition circuit are respectively the signal decomposition resistance R4 and signal decomposition resistance R5 being connected in series;The lock control circuit includes voltage-regulator diode D1, triggering voltage-regulator diode Di and IGCT Ti;The signal input part of the excessively stream control unit（1) collector and emitter respectively through the resistance R3 and triode T1 is to earth terminal (2), separately through the signal decomposition resistance R4 and R5 to earth terminal（2) ；The lock control circuit connects the anode of the IGCT Ti from voltage-regulator diode D1 of the centre through the reverse-biased connection of signal decomposition the resistance R4 and R5, the negative electrode of the IGCT Ti connects the base stage of the triode T1, and voltage-regulator diode Di is reverse-biased to be connected between the anode of the IGCT Ti and gate pole；Signal output part is drawn in the colelctor electrode of the triode T1（4) ；Control end is drawn in the middle of signal decomposition the resistance R4 and R5（3 ) ；In the signal input part（1) when normally inputting, the IGCT Ti is held on or cut-off state according to the change of input signal；The situation that IGCT Ti is held on during for normal work, works as input（1) input voltage is dropped to when can not maintain the IGCT Ti to turn on, and the IGCT Ti is sharp cut-off, now the signal output part（4) control signal of high potential is exported；For the signal input part（1) voltage is normal, and IGCT Ti keeps the situation of cut-off, in the control end（3) signal output part can be controlled by applying different potentials signal（4) output；

   The voltage-regulation control unit（CUv the signal output apparatus of control module) includes current limliting electricity Hinder R6, R7 and triode T2, Τ 3;The the first signal decomposition element and secondary signal resolution element of the signal decomposition circuit are respectively signal decomposition resistance R8, the R9 being connected in series;The lock control circuit includes voltage-regulator diode D3, triggering voltage-regulator diode Dv and IGCT Tv;The voltage-regulation controls the signal input part of circuit（21) collector and emitter respectively through the resistance R6 and triode Τ 3 is to earth terminal（22), the collector and emitter separately through the resistance R7 and triode Τ 2 is to earth terminal（22), separately through the signal decomposition resistance R8 and R9 to earth terminal（22) ；The lock control circuit connects the anode of the IGCT Tv from voltage-regulator diode D3 of the centre through the reverse-biased connection of signal decomposition the resistance R8 and R9, the negative electrode of the IGCT Tv connects the base stage of the triode T2, and the voltage-regulator diode Dv is reverse-biased to be connected between the anode of the IGCT Tv and gate pole；The colelctor electrode of the triode T2 connects the base stage of the triode T3, and draws signal output part in the colelctor electrode of the triode T3（24) control end, is drawn in the middle of signal decomposition the resistance R8 and R9（23 ) ；

   In the signal input part（21) when normally inputting, the IGCT Tv keeps cut-off state, now the signal input part（21) change of input voltage can control the diode T2 on or off by bypassing voltage-regulator diode Dv, and then by subsequent element, carry out voltage-regulation control；When the signal input part（21) when input voltage increases to triggering IGCT Tv conducting suddenly, the IGCT Tv conductings, diode T2 conductings and diode T3 ends, the now signal output part（24) high potential control signal is exported.

   3rd, circuit protection according to claim 2 and control system, it is characterised in that the circuit protection includes semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit with control system（SD08), described control unit（SD08) while including the excessively stream control unit（) and voltage-regulation control unit CUi（CUv) and respectively with the signal input part（And signal input part 1)（21) the diode D2 and D4 of positive connection;The signal input part（And signal input part 1)（21) connect to forming described control unit（SD08 master signal input e);The output end of the diode D2 and D4 connects to forming the output end c of described control unit (SD08);The earth terminal（And earth terminal 2)（22) connect to forming described control unit（SD08 earth terminal h);The control end（3) described control unit is formed（SD08 excessively stream control end f);The control end（23) described control unit is formed（SD08 voltage-regulation end g).

   4th, circuit protection according to claim 3 and control system, it is characterised in that the circuit protection includes containing the semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit with control system（SD08 semiconductor open circuit/relay)（SBR), the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR) also include being connected to described control unit（SD08 output end c) and the signal control on or off by the output end c electronic switch, in addition to it is connected to described control unit（SD08 between excessively stream control end f and earth terminal h), Protect the overload protection unit of the electronic switch；The two ends of the electronic switch are respectively as power access end a and load incoming end b.

   5th, circuit protection according to claim 4 and control system, it is characterised in that the electronic switch is P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor, and its source electrode is as power access end ^ drain electrodes as load incoming end b, and its grid connects described control unit（SD08 output end) and the reverse-biased clamped voltage-regulator diode D5 of access between the earth terminal h;The overload protection unit is the thermal diode group Ri for sensing the FET temperature change;Described control unit（SD08 earth terminal h) is connected with earthed switch S, for controlling the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR on or off).

   6th, circuit protection according to claim 5 and control system, it is characterised in that the circuit protection includes generator voltage current regulator with control system（VCAG), the voltage and current regulator

   (VCAG) include and the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR) the first semiconductor of circuit structure identical open circuit/relay（SBR1), the second semiconductor open circuit/relay（) and the 3rd semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR2（SBR3 ) ；

   The first semiconductor open circuit/relay（) and the second semiconductor open circuit/relay SBR1（SBR2 power access end)（Al, a2) connect and be used as the voltage and current regulator（VCAG power input J);The first semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR1 load incoming end)（Bl) as the voltage and current regulator（VCAG power output end B), for connecing battery positive voltage and electrical equipment Lm_;The second semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR2 load incoming end)（B2) as the voltage and current regulator（VCAG power output end A), for meeting electrical equipment Le;The 3rd semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR3 power access end a) connects the second semiconductor open circuit/relay through ignition switch IG（SBR2 load incoming end b), the 3rd semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR3 load incoming end b) is grounded through dynamo field coil；

   The first semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR1 control unit)（SD08-1 master signal input el) connects the first semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR1 load incoming end)；The second semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR2 control unit)（SD08-2 master signal input e2) connects the second semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR2 power access end)；The 3rd semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR3 the master signal input e3 of control unit) connects the voltage and current regulator

   (VCAG) power input J;Described control unit（SD08-1 the electric capacity Cv for being indirectly for adjusting charging pulse frequency of the external corresponding terminal, gl and earth terminal hi for being used to sense the NTC temperature-sensitive elements Rv of battery temp between master signal input el and voltage-regulation end gl);Described control unit

   (SD08-1) earth terminal hi and the 3rd semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR3 control unit) Earth terminal connect and be used as the voltage and current regulator（VCAG earth terminal h) is drawn, described control unit（SD08-2 excessively stream control end G) is used as the voltage and current regulator（VCAG excessively stream control end f) is drawn, control unit（SD08-2 the grounded switch S2 ground connection of earth terminal h2)；The first semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR1) it is used for the control of battery cycle charging, the second semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR2) it is used to protect electrical equipment Le and its circuit, the 3rd semiconductor open circuit/relay（Magnitude of voltage when SBR3) being used for regulator generator output voltage and making the output voltage be slightly above battery full charge；

   During normal work, when the first semiconductor open circuit/relay (SBR1) cut-off can be made after battery full charge, the electrical equipment of battery positive voltage is connected to（Lm battery tension) is made to quickly fall to close to its open-circuit voltage, now the first semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR1) turn on again, start the cycle over charging.

   7th, the circuit protection and control system described in claim 6, it is characterised in that the circuit protection includes power cut off delay with control system and starts relay system（SSR), the starting relay system（SSR) include and the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR) the semiconductor open circuit of circuit structure identical the 4th/relay（) and and described control unit SBR4（SD08) circuit structure identical semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit（SD08-5 slow play controller), is filled soon（CR), N-channel MOS FET M5n, and multiple diode Dl, D2 and the D3 being arranged as required to;

   Semiconductor open circuit/the relay（SBR4) it is used as starter relay, its power access end A4 connects battery positive voltage, load incoming end B4 and picks up motivation electromagnetic clutch coil, the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR4 earth terminal h4 ground connection) or towards automobile burglar stop system；Described diode Dl, D2, D3 anode connect the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR4 on load incoming end B4), the negative electrode of each diode is used as the starting relay system（SSR drive end fl, f2, β), when picking up dynamic respectively can not deenergizing circuit each semiconductor open circuit/relay excessively stream control end, and make its start engine when be held on；

   The starting relay system（SSR the 4th semiconductor open circuit/relay that power access end Α 4 and load incoming end Β 4) is included with it（SBR4 power supply) is identical with load incoming end；The 4th semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR4 master signal input e4), as the control signal input of the starting relay system (SSR), connects ignition switch（IG starting end st);The earth terminal h4 of SBR4 control units is directly grounded；

   Described control unit（SD08-5) be used to control FET M5n, and by M5n to during starting can semiconductor open circuit/relay of deenergizing circuit unified earth terminal H is provided;The earth terminal H is used as institute State starting relay system（SSR earthed switch S is arrived in ground connection control end), source electrode of the H ends through FET M5n and drain electrode;Described control unit（SD08-5 master signal input e5) picks up dynamic relay system as its power end（SSR power access end A4);Control unit（SD08-5 excessively stream control end f5), as power cut off delay control signal end, connects the controller（CR output end)；The grounded switch S5 ground connection of earth terminal h5 of control unit (SD08-5)；The controller（CR electric capacity and resistance in parallel) is included, and from ignition switch（IG starting end)（St power supply signal) is introduced；By matching described control unit（SD08-5) internal and peripheral cell, makes described control unit before engine is started and after delayed firing（SD08-5 IGCT Ti and Tv in) are in cut-off state；Start before engine, described control unit（SD08-5 triode Τ 3 and T1 in) are turned off, the η of FET Μ 5 conductings；By turning on bypass voltage-regulator diode Di in the excessively stream control end f5 control signals applied when starting engine, and make triode T1 conductings, M5n cut-offs；The delay of excessively stream control end f5 control signals is released after starting, triode T1 delay cut-offs, M5n Delayed conductings, and then the ground path of related semiconductor open circuit/relay is connected in delay, and makes its Delayed conducting.

   8th, circuit protection according to claim 7 and control system, it is characterised in that including the voltage and current regulator（VCAG), semiconductor control terminal box（) and secondary terminal box JBSC（), and backup device Sub-JBSC（Fsl and Fs2)；

   The semiconductor controls terminal box（JBSC multiple semiconductor open circuit/relays being placed on each bar circuit) are included（), and the semiconductor power-down delayed firing relay system SBR（), and input/output interface device SSR；The secondary terminal box（Sub-JBSC multiple semiconductor open circuit/relays are included in)（) and element branches line protecting fuse SBR；

   The terminal box（JBSC power input) has C and D two entrances；D ends are through backup device（Fsl battery positive voltage) is connect, its corresponding output end connection is insensitive to voltage change and helps to realize the electric equipment of battery cycle charging control；The described automobile current generator voltage and current regulator of C terminations（VCAG power output end A), its corresponding output end connects other electric equipments；The terminal box（JBSC power output end) connects each electrical equipment and each controlling switch；

   The terminal box（JBSC it is) internal to be provided with multiple semiconductor open circuit/relays（SBR), the part semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR) used as relay；Semiconductor open circuit/relay described in another part（SBR) it is used as breaker to use, and the LED warning lamps of strip resistance can be installed additional between its power access end and load incoming end, circuit downstream branch circuit where it can be arranged as required to low current fuse；

   The starting relay system（SSR power input A) is connected toward secondary terminal box（Sub-JBSC) A power line on, the starting relay system（SSR control signal input) connects ignition switch (IG) starting end（st) ；The starting relay system（SSR drive end) when picking up dynamic respectively can not deenergizing circuit semiconductor open circuit/relay excessively stream control end, including the adjuster（VCAG mistake flow control exit f);The starting relay system（SSR ground connection control end H) pick up it is dynamic during can deenergizing circuit semiconductor open circuit/relay earth terminal, including the adjuster（VCAG ground connection) draws the adjuster（VCAG power input J backup devices)（Fs2) sending and receiving motor power output end, power output end A connect the terminal box（JBSC power input C, power output end B) connects the terminal box（JBSC power input D) is simultaneously simultaneously through backup device（Fsl battery positive voltage) is connect.

   9th, circuit protection according to claim 8 and control system, it is characterised in that in the terminal box（) or secondary terminal box JBSC（Sub-JBSC two-way output semiconductor relay system is additionally provided with)

   ( SRII ) ；

   The two-way output semiconductor relay system（SRII two and the semiconductor open circuit/relay) are included（SBR) there is semiconductor open circuit/relay of same circuits structure（SBR6) and（) and one logical one disconnected dibit earthed switch S7 SBR7;

   The relay system（SRII power input A6) respectively through the semiconductor power-down/relay (SBR6) and（SBR7) to load L1 and L2;Semiconductor power-down/the relay（SBR6) and (SBR7) control unit the master signal input termination relay system（SRII power input A6, its earth terminal) is grounded by the dibit earthed switch S7；Semiconductor power-down/relay that S7 connects ground wire is switched, its loaded line is powered, and another circuit is powered off simultaneously.

   10th, circuit protection according to claim 9 and control system, it is characterised in that in the terminal box（) or secondary terminal box JBSC（Sub-JBSC semiconductor control electro-magnetic circuit breaker is additionally provided with)

   ( SEB) ；

   The semiconductor controls electro-magnetic circuit breaker（SEB) include and the semiconductor power-down/relay control unit（SD08) there is semiconductor power-down/relay control unit of same circuits structure（SD08-8), normally-closed contact outage device（Br), light emitting diode（LED), N channel MOSs FET or NPN triode（M8n), NTC temperature-sensitive elements Ri8 and other peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Units；

   Power supply is through the electro-magnetic circuit breaker（SEB power input A8) and breaker device Br contact to SEB power output end B8, and towards electrical equipment；Power input A8 meets the master signal input e8 of described control unit (SD08-8), separately through the breaker device（Br magnet coil) and institute State light emitting diode（) and the FET LED（M8n source electrode and drain electrode) meets the earth terminal h8 of described control unit (SD08-8), and grounded switch S8 is grounded；

   Described control unit（SD08-8 signal output part c8) connects the FET（M8n grid)；The NTC temperature-sensitive elements（Ri8) it is bonded in breaker device（Br) mains side has on the contact back metal piece of certain contact resistance, and its terminals connects control unit respectively（SD08-8 excessively stream control end f8 and earth terminal h8).

   11st, circuit protection according to claim 9 and control system, it is characterised in that in the terminal box（) or secondary terminal box JBSC（Sub-JBSC semiconductor control electromagnetic relay is additionally provided with)

   ( SER) ；

   The semiconductor controls electromagnetic relay（SER) include and the semiconductor power-down/relay control unit（SD08) there is semiconductor power-down/relay control unit of same circuits structure（SD08-9), normally opened contact outage device（Rl), P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor or PNP triode（M9p), NTC temperature-sensitive elements Ri9 and other peripheral Resistor-Capacitor Units；

   Power supply is through the electromagnetic relay（SER power input A9 and relay system)（R1 contact) to SER power output end B9, and towards electrical equipment；Power input A9 connects described control unit（SD08-9 master signal input e9), separately through the FET（M9p source electrode and drain electrode) succeeds electric installation（R1) magnet coil one end, another termination described control unit of magnet coil（SD08-8 earth terminal h8), and grounded switch S9 ground connection；

   Described control unit（SD08-9 signal output part c9) connects the FET（M9p grid)；The NTC temperature-sensitive elements（Ri9) it is bonded in relay system（R1) mains side has on the contact back metal piece of certain contact resistance, and its terminals connects control unit respectively（SD08-9 excessively stream control end f9 and earth terminal h9).

   12nd, a kind of protection control method using circuit protection as claimed in claim 1 and control system, it is characterised in that Bao include Yi Xia Walk it is rapid：

   S1 :The circuit protection and control system are set between power supply source and load, and the output end of the power supply source is connected to the circuit protection and the signal output apparatus and the input of signal decomposition circuit of control system；

   S2:By setting the signal output apparatus and signal decomposition circuit, to select the operation interval of the lock control circuit；

   S3：According to power supply source output or the change of the load, trigger the lock control circuit and change its working condition and export corresponding signal, and then by the signal output apparatus according to the input of itself and institute The output signal of lock control circuit, or the change exported according to the ground connection of the control module are stated, carrys out output control signal.

   13rd, method according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the rapid S4 of methods described Hai Bao Kuo Walk:Electronic switch is set between the power supply source and load, the on or off of the electronic switch is controlled according to the control signal from the signal output apparatus, and then control the on or off between the power supply source and load.

   14th, method according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the load is battery, the power supply source is DC charging source, and the circuit protection includes semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit with control system（SD08-1), the electronic switch is P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor（Ml ) ；

   This method also includes the rapid S5 of battery Xun ring Chong electricity Walk：Magnitude of voltage Vh and open circuit when setting battery full charge stand corresponding magnitude of voltage Vs;

   In the rapid S3 of Suo Shu Walk, power supply output end passes through the FET（Ml source electrode and drain electrode) is connected to the positive terminal of battery, and connects described control unit simultaneously（SD08-1 master signal input)；When the terminal voltage of battery is charged to close to the sufficient piezoelectric voltage value Vh, described control unit（SD08-1 high potential control signal) is exported, the FET is controlled（Ml) end, disconnect charging of the charging source to the battery, make the battery repid discharge by being applied directly to the electrical equipment of battery positive voltage simultaneously, when the terminal voltage of the battery drops to close to open-circuit voltage Vs, described control unit（SD08-1 low potential control signal) is exported, the FET is controlled（Ml) turn on, connect the charging source, cycle charging is carried out to the battery.

   15th, method according to claim 14, it is characterised in that the battery is automobile storage battery, the charging source is automobile current generator；

   This method also includes the rapid S6 of battery delay Chong electricity Kong Walk:By the semiconductor open circuit/relay for being respectively used to the control of battery cycle charging and/or generator voltage regulation（SBR1 and SBR3) the earth terminal of control unit pass through N-channel MOS FET（M5n source electrode and grounded drain)；The FET（M5n) turned on and ended by another semiconductor open circuit/relay control unit (SD08-5) control；When connecting ignition switch IG starting ends, the automobile storage battery is described control unit（SD08-5 excessively stream control end) provides driving voltage, makes described control unit（SD08-5 low potential, the FET) are exported（M5n) end, and then cut off the battery charging circuit and/or the automobile current generator magnet exciting coil power supply circuit；In addition, when connecting ignition switch IG starting ends, the battery is delay controller（CR) charge, after engine is started, provide Delayed conducting voltage for described control unit (SD08-5) excessively stream control end by the delay controller, keep the FET（M5n) end； When the delay controller completes delays time to control action, described control unit（SD08-5) high potential is exported because declining excessively stream control terminal voltage so that the FET（M5n) conducting ground connection, and then cause the automobile current generator to start to generate electricity, and pass through the semiconductor open circuit/relay（SBR1) battery is charged by cycle charging mode.