CN102931630B - Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with state holding function - Google Patents
Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with state holding function Download PDFInfo
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- CN102931630B CN102931630B CN201210476751.1A CN201210476751A CN102931630B CN 102931630 B CN102931630 B CN 102931630B CN 201210476751 A CN201210476751 A CN 201210476751A CN 102931630 B CN102931630 B CN 102931630B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with the state holding function, comprising an overcurrent detection circuit and an overvoltage detection circuit. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with the state holding function is characterized by further comprising a triggering circuit, a state holding circuit and a switching circuit; the triggering circuit receives the control signals outputted by the overcurrent detection circuit and the overvoltage detection circuit; when the overvoltage signal appears, the overvoltage detection circuit outputs the control signal to control the switching circuit to switch off, and when the overcurrent signal appears, the overcurrent detection circuit outputs the control signal to control the switching circuit to switch off; the switching circuit is connected between the power output and the protection circuit output; the control end of the switching circuit receives the control signals outputted by the triggering circuit and the state holding circuit; the switching circuit is started by the state holding function to switch on; and when the overvoltage and overcurrent signal appears, the triggering circuit controls the switching circuit to switch off, and the state holding circuit keeps the switching circuit in the switching-off state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to protective circuit, be specifically related to the over-voltage over-current protection circuit with state maintenance function.
Background technology
No matter be chip, module or complete machine, in order to improve the reliability of product, before dispatching from the factory, most products all needs through ageing process, and some products also need to carry out life test.But the operating current of ageing or life test stabilized voltage power supply used is large, temperature is high, burning-in period is long, if the situation of overvoltage, overcurrent occurs ageing process, the lighter causes burning of circuit, and severe one causes large accident.Therefore, overvoltage is carried out to the circuit of ageing and overcurrent protection is very important.
Existing market over-voltage over-current protection circuit is a lot, but due to use occasion different, purposes is different, requires also just different.Comprise relay and semiconductor switch two kinds in current over-voltage over-current protection circuit on the market, relay belongs to mechanical switch, has the shortcoming that volume is large, cost is high, electric current is little, switching speed is slow, the life-span is short, constrains the scope of application;
See the overvoltage crowbar that Fig. 1, Fig. 1 are a comparative maturities.Fig. 1 circuit transient working voltage max is 72V, and as can be seen from the figure, MOSFET adopts N channel field-effect pipe, and when chip detection is to the threshold values of voltage lower than setting, MOSFET grid is high level, and MOSFET drains and between source electrode, passage is opened; When chip detection to voltage higher than setting threshold values time, MOSFET grid voltage step-down, MOSFET drain electrode and source electrode between passage turn off.According to the operation principle of MOSFET, Vth is greater than 2V usually, and this means that input voltage wants specific output voltage to exceed the conducting of more than 2V ability, Vgs voltage is higher, and conducting resistance is less.Due to circuit structure restriction, N-channel MOS FET is in linear work district and non-saturated region always, and Vds remains the voltage of more than 2V.Usually, one piece of aging board needs install tens of circuit, once need aging polylith aging board, total electric current is a few peace at least, at most tens peaces.Assuming that burn-in board has the electric current of 10A, Vth is 2V, and according to formula P=V*A, so the power consumption of MOSFET is at least at more than 20W, and power consumption is too large.Therefore, by the impact of circuit structure, Fig. 1 scheme can only be used in the smaller occasion of electric current.And; if aging board protective circuit adopts Fig. 1 scheme; owing to using N-channel MOS FET; it is large especially that the version of circuit determines the MOSFET power consumption being arranged on aging board protective circuit, and the ambient temperature of aging test is natively higher, and this will have harsher cooling requirements to MOSFET; before each ageing; all need the size according to electric current, rethink whether the index of MOSFET meets the demands, and significantly limit application.In addition; ageing process needs continuous several days even one month usually; when the situation of aging board generation overvoltage; need to cut off current circuit rapidly; in order to the circuit after protective circuit can not burn by secondary; method the most appropriate cuts off current circuit, Power resumption again after patrolman checks and fixes a breakdown.Because this circuit adopts N-channel MOS FET, do not comprise current foldback circuit, can not continue to cut off current circuit under overpressure situation, therefore be not suitable as ageing protective circuit.
In addition, also have on the market and adopt fuse and thyristor mode to realize overvoltage and overcurrent protection, because the fuse current specification used is larger, kind is more, size is also different, therefore need to make multiple PCB scheme according to fuse size; Simultaneously, due to irrecoverable after blown fuse, can not continue to reuse, the fuse of sufficient amount must be prepared during process field condition, the inconvenient debugging of threshold voltage, although the first current cost of circuit is lower, the current specification of fuse is larger, price is not low yet, and later maintenance cost is very high.
Therefore; current domestic and international market also there is no the privacy protection circuit of a applicable ageing; the current-limiting function of power supply self can only be relied on to reach the object of protection; but because stabilized voltage power supply long-term work is in very heavy loading condiction; electric power output voltage is unstable, and size of current can not accurate adjustment.In addition, there is contact resistance and the resistance of circuit own in aging circuit, output current is usually from several amperes to tens amperes, and electric current is larger, and the scope of change in voltage is larger, for the product that voltage adaptation scope is narrower, very likely burnt, and cause chain reaction.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the over-voltage over-current protection circuit having state and keep function.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is, there is the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, comprise over-current detection circuit and over-voltage detection circuit, be characterized in: this over-voltage over-current protection circuit is also provided with circuits for triggering, state retaining circuit and switching circuit;
Described circuits for triggering receive the control signal of over-current detection circuit and over-voltage detection circuit output, and when there is overvoltage signal, over-voltage detection circuit exports control signal control switch circuit and disconnects; When there is over-current signal, over-current detection circuit exports control signal control switch circuit and disconnects;
Described switching circuit is connected to power supply and exports between the output of this protective circuit, and the control end of described switching circuit receives the control signal of described circuits for triggering and state retaining circuit output; Conducting after described switching circuit is started by state retaining circuit, when there is overvoltage or over-current signal, described circuits for triggering control switch circuit disconnects, and described state retaining circuit to make switching circuit remain open state constant; When needs make described switching circuit again conducting time, described in Non-follow control state retaining circuit export control signal make the conducting again of described switching circuit.
When there is overcurrent or overvoltage condition in the present invention; can cut off the electricity supply rapidly; and after this protective circuit generation protection act, remain open state by arranging state retaining circuit always; do not need installation insurance pipe; until patrolman checks and after repairing external fault, manually controls again described state retaining circuit and make this protective circuit start Power resumption.This circuit structure is simple, and cost is low, safe and convenient to use.
According to a kind of preferred version that there is state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention; described circuits for triggering are Schmidt trigger circuit; can ensure at any input voltage condition and range; circuits for triggering are in switch working state all the time, avoid switching circuit enter linear work district and burn.
According to a kind of preferred version that there is state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention, described state retaining circuit comprises resistance one, resistance two, resistance seven, button and switching tube two, wherein, resistance one, resistance two are connected in series, the output of a termination protective circuit after series connection, other end ground connection; Resistance one is connected with one end of switching tube two with the connected node of resistance two, and two ends of switching tube two pass through resistance seven ground connection, the control end of switching circuit described in the three-terminal link of switching tube two; Button connects power supply and exports between the output of this protective circuit.
The design of this state retaining circuit is ingenious, and after occurring that overvoltage or over-current signal make switching circuit disconnect, it is constant that this state retaining circuit can make switching circuit remain open state; And manually button press, can make again switching circuit be switched to conducting state from disconnection.
According to a kind of preferred version having state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention, described circuits for triggering comprise switching tube two, switching tube three and resistance seven, and one end of switching tube two connects the output of over-current detection circuit; One end of switching tube three connects the output of over-voltage detection circuit, and two ends of switching tube three are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube three are connected with one end of switching tube two.
These circuits for triggering adopt Schmidt trigger circuit, and, with state retaining circuit common switch pipe two, make circuit structure more simple, reduce further product cost.
According to a kind of preferred version having state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention, described switching tube two, three is triodes; Described resistance one is connected with the collector electrode of the connected node of resistance two with the base stage of triode two and triode three, and connects the output of described over-current detection circuit simultaneously; The emitter of described triode two, triode three is all by described resistance seven ground connection, and the collector electrode of described triode two connects the control end of described switching circuit; The base stage of described triode three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit.
According to a kind of preferred version that there is state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention; described switching circuit comprises P-MOSFET pipe; the source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects power supply input; the drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects the output of this protective circuit; the collector electrode of the grid connecting triode two of P-MOSFET pipe, between the drain electrode that button is connected to P-MOSFET pipe and source electrode.Adopt P-MOSFET pipe, low in energy consumption, large by electric current, voltage adjusting range is wide; For the electric current of more than 16A, can also by the size of simple paralleling MOS FET pipe mode extend current.
The beneficial effect with the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention is: the present invention is when occurring overcurrent or overvoltage condition, can cut off the electricity supply rapidly, and after this protective circuit generation protection act, remain open state by arranging state retaining circuit always, do not need installation insurance pipe, until patrolman checks and after repairing external fault, manually controls again described state retaining circuit and make this protective circuit start Power resumption; Circuit structure of the present invention is simple, safe and convenient to use, low in energy consumption; reliability is high; protective current and protection voltage can as required from Row sum-equal matrix, and have that volume is little, electric current is large, voltage adjusting range is wide, easy to adjust, be active in one's movements, feature with low cost, have a good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overvoltage crowbar in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram having state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram having state and keep the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function of the present invention.
Embodiment
See Fig. 2, Fig. 3, there is the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, be made up of over-current detection circuit 1, over-voltage detection circuit 2, circuits for triggering 4, state retaining circuit 5 and switching circuit 3;
Described circuits for triggering 4 receive the control signal of over-current detection circuit 1 and over-voltage detection circuit 2 output, and when there is overvoltage signal, over-voltage detection circuit 2 exports control signal control switch circuit 3 and disconnects; When there is over-current signal, over-current detection circuit 1 exports control signal control switch circuit 3 and disconnects;
Described switching circuit 3 is connected to power supply and exports between the output of this protective circuit, and the control end of described switching circuit 3 receives the control signal of described circuits for triggering 4 and state retaining circuit 5 output; Described switching circuit 3 starts rear conducting by state retaining circuit 5, and when there is overvoltage or over-current signal, described circuits for triggering 4 control switch circuit 3 disconnects, and described state retaining circuit 5 to make switching circuit 3 remain open state constant; When needs make described switching circuit 3 again conducting time, state retaining circuit 5 described in Non-follow control exports control signal and makes the conducting again of described switching circuit 3.
Wherein, described circuits for triggering are Schmidt trigger circuit, can ensure that circuits for triggering 4 are in switch working state all the time at any input voltage condition and range, avoid switching circuit 3 enter linear work district and burn.
Described state retaining circuit 5 comprises resistance one, resistance two, resistance seven, button and switching tube two, and wherein, resistance one, resistance two are connected in series, the output of a termination protective circuit after series connection, other end ground connection; Resistance one is connected with one end of switching tube two with the connected node of resistance two, and two ends of switching tube two pass through resistance seven ground connection, the control end of switching circuit 3 described in the three-terminal link of switching tube two; Button connects power supply and exports between the output of this protective circuit.
Described circuits for triggering 4 comprise switching tube two, switching tube three and resistance seven, and one end of switching tube two connects the output of described over-current detection circuit 1; One end of switching tube three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit 2, and two ends of switching tube three are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube three are connected with one end of switching tube two.
When described switching tube two, three adopts triode, described resistance one is connected with the collector electrode of the connected node of resistance two with the base stage of triode two and triode three, and connects the output of described over-current detection circuit 1 simultaneously; The emitter of described triode two, triode three is all by described resistance seven ground connection, and the collector electrode of described triode two connects the control end of described switching circuit 3; The base stage of described triode three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit 2.
See Fig. 3, in a particular embodiment, described over-current detection circuit comprises sample resistance R6, electric capacity C2, over-current detection element U1, described over-voltage detection circuit comprises adjustable resistance R5, electric capacity C3, described state retaining circuit comprises resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R7, button S1 and switching tube Q2, described circuits for triggering comprise switching tube Q2, Q3, diode D2, D3 and resistance R7, and described switching circuit is made up of P-MOSFET pipe Q1, resistance R4; Select HEX P-MOSFET as current switch, realize the threshold values protection voltage and low resistance, the big current condition that are low to moderate 1.5V; Use P-MOSFET scheme to make switch in saturated and cut-off two kinds of working methods, reduce the power consumption of switch; Ensure that switch mosfet pipe can not be operated in linear work district and burn switch mosfet pipe.Wherein, the source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe Q1 connects power supply input, and the drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe Q1 connects the output of protective circuit, and the grid of P-MOSFET pipe Q1 connects the collector electrode of triode Q2; Resistance R4 is connected between the grid of P-MOSFET pipe Q1 and drain electrode, between the drain electrode that button S1 is connected to MOSFET pipe Q1 and source electrode.
The PT7M6101 that over-current detection element U1 selects PT company to produce, its trigging signal is low to moderate 100mV, can greatly reduce current sampling resistor R6, reduces the power consumption of sample resistance, ensures little sample resistance and little resistance power consumption, meet checking of great current condition.
Resistance R1, resistance R2 are connected in series between the input of protective circuit and ground; resistance R1 is connected with the output OV of the base stage of triode Q2, the collector electrode of triode Q3 and over-current detection element U1 with the connected node of resistance R2 simultaneously; the emitter of triode Q2 is by resistance R7 ground connection; the base stage of triode Q3 connects the tap terminals of adjustable resistance R5 by diode D2, D3, the emitter of triode Q3 is by resistance R7 ground connection.
Button S1 and P-MOSFE pipe Q1T is leaked sources connected in parallel, and state retaining circuit is placed on P-MOSFET rear class, and this circuit structure ensures that circuit remains open state after protection act always, until patrolman checks and ability Power resumption after repairing fault.
Circuit working principle is as follows:
Off-state maintains: when MOSFET pipe Q1 is in off-state, over-current detection element U1, resistance R1, R2 do not have electric current, triode Q3 no matter whether conducting, and triode Q2 is in cut-off state all the time, and MOSFET pipe Q1 maintenance off-state is constant.
Conducting state maintains: first connect MOSFET pipe Q1 drain electrode and source electrode by button S1, resistance R1, R2 obtain source current, and powers by point pressing to triode Q2 base stage, and triode Q2 is in saturation conduction state, MOSFET pipe Q1 saturation conduction.After button S1 decontrols, power supply is continuously resistance R1, R2 by MOSFET pipe Q1 and powers, and triode Q2 is in saturation conduction state always, and MOSFET pipe Q1 keeps conducting state always.
When after overcurrent or overvoltage crowbar action, switching circuit is in off-state, and need the manual S1 that releases the button, switching circuit just can come back to conducting state.
Overvoltage protection: electric capacity C2 is for adjusting the sensitivity of overcurrent protection, and electric capacity C3, for adjusting the sensitivity of overvoltage protection, needs to adjust according to the fluctuation range of power supply, the noise level of voltage and current, adjustable operate time, scope was 5uS ~ 100mS.Triode Q2, Q3, resistance R7 form Schmidt trigger circuit, the shutoff of control MOSFET pipe Q1.
The threshold voltage of overvoltage protection is:
Vt＝Vd1+Vd2+Vbe+Vr7；
Wherein:
1. Vr7 be triode Q2 saturated time resistance R7 on voltage, magnitude of voltage is: (Vin – Vsat) * (R7/ (R7+R4)), and Vsat ≈ 0.3V, Vsat are triode Q2 saturation voltage drop; Vin is power input voltage;
2. Vd1 ≈ Vd2 ≈ Vbe ≈ 0.7V, Vd1, Vd2 are respectively the forward voltage drop of diode D2, D3, and Vbe is that the be of triode Q3 ties forward voltage drop; The number of diodes of series connection can increase and decrease according to the size of overvoltage protection threshold voltage, or replaces with voltage stabilizing didoe.
Threshold voltage method of adjustment: stabilized voltage power supply output voltage is adjusted to operation voltage, button press S1 makes MOSFET pipe Q1 conducting, and then adjust adjustable resistance R5, until protective circuit action, MOSFET pipe Q1 turns off, and LED D4 extinguishes, and debug process terminates.
Overcurrent protection: over-current detection element U1 adopts PT7M6101, and operation voltage is 100mV, when not having action, over-current detection element U1 output, in high-impedance state, does not affect overvoltage crowbar.In circuit, resistance R6 is current sampling resistor, and when the voltage at resistance R6 two ends reaches more than 100mV, PT7M6101 action, the output of PT7M6101 will be converted to ' 0 ' level by high-impedance state, and triode Q2 ends, and MOSFET pipe Q1 switch disconnects.The size of sample resistance is decided by the lowest high-current value of circuit, adopts following formula to calculate:
R＝0.1V/Imax。
This programme switch mosfet is in degree of depth saturation conduction state when normal work, low in energy consumption, large by electric current; adjustable protection voltage can be low to moderate below 1.5V; easy to adjust, for the electric current of more than 16A, MOSFET pipe Q1 can also by the size of simple parallel way extend current.After protective circuit action, MOSFET pipe Q1 continues to remain open state, must reopen protective circuit by button S1, and this meets the feature that protection requires.Due to this programme have that volume is little, electric current is large, voltage adjusting range is wide, easy to adjust, be active in one's movements, with low cost, the application of most of aging board protective circuit can be met.
Above the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, but, the scope being not limited only to embodiment of the present invention's protection.
Claims (5)
1. there is the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, comprise over-current detection circuit (1) and over-voltage detection circuit (2), it is characterized in that: this over-voltage over-current protection circuit is also provided with circuits for triggering (4), state retaining circuit (5) and switching circuit (3);
The control signal that described circuits for triggering (4) reception over-current detection circuit (1) and over-voltage detection circuit (2) export, when there is overvoltage signal, over-voltage detection circuit (2) exports control signal control switch circuit (3) and disconnects; When there is over-current signal, over-current detection circuit (1) exports control signal control switch circuit (3) and disconnects;
Described switching circuit (3) is connected to power supply and exports between the output of this protective circuit, and the control end of described switching circuit (3) receives the control signal that described circuits for triggering (4) and state retaining circuit (5) export; Conducting after described switching circuit (3) is started by state retaining circuit (5), when there is overvoltage or over-current signal, described circuits for triggering (4) control switch circuit (3) disconnects, and described state retaining circuit (5) to make switching circuit (3) remain open state constant; When needs make described switching circuit (3) again conducting time, state retaining circuit described in Non-follow control (5) export control signal make described switching circuit (3) conducting again.
2. the over-voltage over-current protection circuit having state and keep function according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described circuits for triggering (4) are Schmidt trigger circuit.
3. the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that there is state and keep function according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described state retaining circuit (5) comprises resistance one, resistance two, resistance seven, button and switching tube two, wherein, resistance one, resistance two are connected in series, the output of a termination protective circuit after series connection, other end ground connection; Resistance one is connected with one end of switching tube two with the connected node of resistance two, and two ends of switching tube two pass through resistance seven ground connection, the control end of switching circuit (3) described in the three-terminal link of switching tube two; Button connects power supply and exports between the output of this protective circuit; Described switching tube two is triode, and two ends of this switching tube two are the emitter of triode, and one end of this switching tube two is the base stage of triode, and three ends of this switching tube two are the collector electrode of triode.
4. the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that there is state and keep function according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described circuits for triggering (4) comprise switching tube two, switching tube three and resistance seven, one end of switching tube two connects the output of described over-current detection circuit (1); One end of switching tube three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit (2), and two ends of switching tube three are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube three are connected with one end of switching tube two; Described switching tube three is triode, and two ends of this switching tube three are the emitter of triode, and one end of this switching tube three is the base stage of triode, and three ends of this switching tube three are the collector electrode of triode.
5. the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that there is state and keep function according to claim 4; it is characterized in that: described switching circuit comprises P-MOSFET pipe; the source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects power supply input; the drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects the output of this protective circuit; the collector electrode of the grid connecting triode two of P-MOSFET pipe, between the drain electrode that button is connected to P-MOSFET pipe and source electrode.
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| CN201210476751.1A CN102931630B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with state holding function |
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| CN201210476751.1A CN102931630B (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with state holding function |
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| CN102931630B true CN102931630B (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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| CN104426120A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-03-18 | 海洋王（东莞）照明科技有限公司 | Overcurrent and overvoltage protection circuit and lamp |
| CN104659732B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2018-10-19 | 上海协同科技股份有限公司 | Over-voltage over-current protection circuit |
| CN104332943B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2018-03-23 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Direct current protection circuit |
| CN105610119A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 芜湖锐芯电子科技有限公司 | LED protection circuit against overvoltage and overcurrent |
| CN106953624B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2023-10-13 | 天索（苏州）控制技术有限公司 | MOSFET parallel overcurrent protection circuit |
| CN207410013U (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-05-25 | 深圳市云顶信息技术有限公司 | Electric toothbrush |
| CN108257895B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2024-04-12 | 深圳市振华微电子有限公司 | Power aging method and aging device for semiconductor power module |
| CN110011272A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-07-12 | 珠海逸腾电控技术有限公司 | A kind of overvoltage crowbar |
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| CN102931630A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
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