CN102931630A - Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with state holding function - Google Patents
Overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with state holding function Download PDFInfo
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- CN102931630A CN102931630A CN2012104767511A CN201210476751A CN102931630A CN 102931630 A CN102931630 A CN 102931630A CN 2012104767511 A CN2012104767511 A CN 2012104767511A CN 201210476751 A CN201210476751 A CN 201210476751A CN 102931630 A CN102931630 A CN 102931630A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with the state holding function, comprising an overcurrent detection circuit and an overvoltage detection circuit. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection circuit with the state holding function is characterized by further comprising a triggering circuit, a state holding circuit and a switching circuit; the triggering circuit receives the control signals outputted by the overcurrent detection circuit and the overvoltage detection circuit; when the overvoltage signal appears, the overvoltage detection circuit outputs the control signal to control the switching circuit to switch off, and when the overcurrent signal appears, the overcurrent detection circuit outputs the control signal to control the switching circuit to switch off; the switching circuit is connected between the power output and the protection circuit output; the control end of the switching circuit receives the control signals outputted by the triggering circuit and the state holding circuit; the switching circuit is started by the state holding function to switch on; and when the overvoltage and overcurrent signal appears, the triggering circuit controls the switching circuit to switch off, and the state holding circuit keeps the switching circuit in the switching-off state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to protective circuit, be specifically related to have the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function.
Background technology
No matter be chip, module or complete machine, in order to improve the reliability of product, most products all needs through the ageing process before dispatching from the factory, and the product that has also needs to carry out life test.Yet the operating current of ageing or the used stabilized voltage power supply of life test is large, temperature is high, burning-in period is long, if the situation of overvoltage, overcurrent occurs the ageing process, the lighter causes burning of circuit, and severe one causes large accident.Therefore, the circuit of ageing is carried out overvoltage and overcurrent protection is very important.
The existing market over-voltage over-current protection circuit is a lot, but because use occasion is different, purposes is different, requires also just different.Comprise two kinds of relay and semiconductor switchs in the present over-voltage over-current protection circuit on the market, relay belongs to mechanical switch, has the shortcoming that volume is large, cost is high, electric current is little, switching speed is slow, the life-span is short, has restricted the scope of using;
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the overvoltage crowbar of a comparative maturity.Fig. 1 circuit transient working voltage max is 72V, and as can be seen from the figure, MOSFET adopts N channel field-effect pipe, and when chip detection was lower than the threshold values of setting to voltage, the MOSFET grid was high level, and passage is opened between MOSFET drain electrode and the source electrode; When chip detection is higher than the threshold values of setting to voltage, MOSFET grid voltage step-down, passage turn-offs between MOSFET drain electrode and the source electrode.According to the operation principle of MOSFET, Vth is usually greater than 2V, and this means that input voltage wants specific output voltage to exceed that 2V is above could conducting, and Vgs voltage is higher, and conducting resistance is less.Because the circuit structure restriction, N-channel MOS FET is in the linear work district and non-saturated region always, and Vds remains the voltage that 2V is above.Usually, need to install tens of circuit on the aging board, once need aging polylith aging board, total electric current is several peaces at least, at most tens peaces.Suppose the electric current of the total 10A of burn-in board, Vth is 2V, and according to formula P=V*A, more than 20W, power consumption is too large at least for the power consumption of MOSFET so.Therefore, be subjected to the impact of circuit structure, Fig. 1 scheme can only be used in the smaller occasion of electric current.And; if the aging board protective circuit adopts Fig. 1 scheme; owing to use N-channel MOS FET; the MOSFET power consumption that the version of circuit has determined to be installed in the aging board protective circuit is large especially, and the ambient temperature of aging test is original just higher, and this will have harsher heat radiation requirement to MOSFET; before each ageing; all need the size according to electric current, rethink whether the index of MOSFET meets the demands, greatly limited application.In addition; the ageing process needs continuous several days even one month usually; when the situation of aging board generation overvoltage; need to cut off rapidly current circuit; for the circuit of protective circuit back can not burn by secondary; the most appropriate method is to cut off current circuit, Power resumption again after the patrolman checks and gets rid of fault.Because this circuit adopts N-channel MOS FET, does not comprise current foldback circuit, can not under overpressure situation, continue to cut off current circuit, therefore be not suitable as the ageing protective circuit.
In addition, adopt in addition on the market fuse and thyristor mode to realize overvoltage and overcurrent protection, because the fuse current specification of using is larger, kind is more, size is also different, therefore need to make multiple PCB scheme according to the fuse size; Simultaneously, after the blown fuse because irrecoverable, can not continue to reuse, must prepare the fuse of sufficient amount when processing field condition, the inconvenient debugging of threshold voltage, although the first current cost of circuit is lower, the current specification of fuse is larger, price is not low yet, and later maintenance cost is very high.
Therefore; the privacy protection circuit that does not also have a suitable ageing to use on the domestic and international market at present; can only rely on the current-limiting function of power supply self to reach the purpose of protection; but because the stabilized voltage power supply long-term work is in very heavy loading condiction; electric power output voltage is unstable, and size of current can not accurate adjustment.In addition, aging circuit exists contact resistance and the resistance of circuit own, and from several amperes to tens amperes, electric current is larger usually for output current, and the scope of change in voltage is larger, for the narrower product of voltage adaptation scope, is very likely burnt, and causes chain reaction.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide has the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is, have the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function, comprise over-current detection circuit and over-voltage detection circuit, be characterized in: this over-voltage over-current protection circuit also is provided with circuits for triggering, state retaining circuit and switching circuit;
Described circuits for triggering receive the control signal of over-current detection circuit and over-voltage detection circuit output, and when the overvoltage signal occurring, over-voltage detection circuit output control signal control switch circuit disconnects; When over-current signal occurring; Over-current detection circuit output control signal control switch circuit disconnects;
Described switching circuit is connected between the output of power supply output and this protective circuit, and the control end of described switching circuit receives the control signal of described circuits for triggering and state retaining circuit output; Conducting after described switching circuit is started by state retaining circuit, when overvoltage or over-current signal occurring, described circuits for triggering control switch circuit disconnects, and described state retaining circuit to make switching circuit remain open state constant; When needs make described switching circuit again during conducting, manually control described state retaining circuit output control signal and make the again conducting of described switching circuit.
The present invention is when overcurrent or overvoltage condition occurring; can cut off the electricity supply rapidly; and by being set, state retaining circuit occurs to remain open state after the protection action in this protective circuit always; do not need the installation insurance pipe; until behind patrolman's inspection and the reparation external fault, make this protective circuit start Power resumption by the described state retaining circuit of manual control again.This circuit structure is simple, and cost is low, and is safe and convenient to use.
According to a kind of preferred version with over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention; described circuits for triggering are Schmidt trigger circuit; can guarantee at any input voltage condition and range; circuits for triggering are in switch working state all the time, avoid switching circuit to enter the linear work district and burn.
According to a kind of preferred version with over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention, described state retaining circuit comprises resistance one, resistance two, resistance seven, button and switching tube two, wherein, resistance one, resistance two are connected in series, the output of a termination protective circuit after the series connection, other end ground connection; The connected node that resistance one is connected with resistance is connected with an end of switching tube two, and two ends of switching tube two are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube two connect the control end of described switching circuit; Button connects between the output of power supply output and this protective circuit.
The design of this state retaining circuit is ingenious, and after overvoltage or over-current signal occurring switching circuit is disconnected, it is constant that this state retaining circuit can make switching circuit remain open state; And by manually pressing button, can make again switching circuit switch to conducting state from disconnection.
According to a kind of preferred version with over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention, described circuits for triggering comprise switching tube two, switching tube three and resistance seven, and an end of switching tube two connects the output of over-current detection circuit; One end of switching tube three connects the output of over-voltage detection circuit, and two ends of switching tube three are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube three are connected with an end of switching tube two.
These circuits for triggering adopt Schmidt trigger circuit, and, with state retaining circuit common switch pipe two, make circuit structure simpler, further reduced product cost.
According to a kind of preferred version with over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention, described switching tube two, the 3rd, triode; The connected node that described resistance one is connected with resistance is connected with the collector electrode of the ground level of triode two and triode three, and connects simultaneously the output of described over-current detection circuit; All by described resistance seven ground connection, the collector electrode of described triode two connects the control end of described switching circuit to the emitter of described triode two, triode three; The base stage of described triode three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit.
According to a kind of preferred version with over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention; described switching circuit comprises the P-MOSFET pipe; the source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects the power supply input; the drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects the output of this protective circuit; the grid of P-MOSFET pipe connects the collector electrode of triode two, and button is connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe.Adopt the P-MOSFET pipe, low in energy consumption, large by electric current, voltage adjusting range is wide; For the electric current more than the 16A, can also be by the size of simple paralleling MOS FET pipe mode extend current.
Beneficial effect with over-voltage over-current protection circuit of state maintenance function of the present invention is: the present invention is when overcurrent or overvoltage condition occurring, can cut off the electricity supply rapidly, and by being set, state retaining circuit occurs to remain open state after the protection action in this protective circuit always, do not need the installation insurance pipe, until behind patrolman's inspection and the reparation external fault, make this protective circuit start Power resumption by the described state retaining circuit of manual control again; Circuit structure of the present invention is simple, and is safe and convenient to use, low in energy consumption; reliability is high; protective current and protection voltage Self-adjustment as required, and have that volume is little, electric current is large, voltage adjusting range is wide, easy to adjust, be active in one's movements, characteristics with low cost, have a good application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is overvoltage crowbar in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram that state keeps the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function that has of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that state keeps the over-voltage over-current protection circuit of function that has of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, have the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, consisted of by over-current detection circuit 1, over-voltage detection circuit 2, circuits for triggering 4, state retaining circuit 5 and switching circuit 3;
Described circuits for triggering 4 receive the control signal of over-current detection circuit 1 and over-voltage detection circuit 2 outputs, and when the overvoltage signal occurring, over-voltage detection circuit 2 output control signal control switch circuit 3 disconnect; When over-current signal occurring; Over-current detection circuit 1 output control signal control switch circuit 3 disconnects;
Described switching circuit 3 is connected between the output of power supply output and this protective circuit, and the control end of described switching circuit 3 receives the control signal of described circuits for triggering 4 and state retaining circuit 5 outputs; Conductings after described switching circuit 3 is started by state retaining circuit 5, when overvoltage or over-current signal occurring, described circuits for triggering 4 control switch circuit 3 disconnect, and described state retaining circuit 5 to make switching circuit 3 remain open state constant; When needs make described switching circuit 3 again during conducting, manually control described state retaining circuit 5 output control signals and make the again conducting of described switching circuit 3.
Wherein, described circuits for triggering are Schmidt trigger circuit, can guarantee that circuits for triggering 4 are in switch working state all the time at any input voltage condition and range, avoid switching circuit 3 to enter the linear work district and burn.
Described state retaining circuit 5 comprises resistance one, resistance two, resistance seven, button and switching tube two, and wherein, resistance one, resistance two are connected in series, the output of a termination protective circuit after the series connection, other end ground connection; The connected node that resistance one is connected with resistance is connected with an end of switching tube two, and two ends of switching tube two are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube two connect the control end of described switching circuit 3; Button connects between the output of power supply output and this protective circuit.
Described circuits for triggering 4 comprise switching tube two, switching tube three and resistance seven, and an end of switching tube two connects the output of described over-current detection circuit 1; One end of switching tube three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit 2, and two ends of switching tube three are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube three are connected with an end of switching tube two.
When described switching tube two, three adopted triode, the connected node that described resistance one is connected with resistance was connected with the collector electrode of the ground level of triode two and triode three, and connects simultaneously the output of described over-current detection circuit 1; All by described resistance seven ground connection, the collector electrode of described triode two connects the control end of described switching circuit 3 to the emitter of described triode two, triode three; The base stage of described triode three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit 2.
Referring to Fig. 3, in specific embodiment, described over-current detection circuit comprises sample resistance R6, capacitor C 2, over-current detection element U1, described over-voltage detection circuit comprises adjustable resistance R5, capacitor C 3, described state retaining circuit comprises resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 7, button S1 and switching tube Q2, described circuits for triggering comprise switching tube Q2, Q3, diode D2, D3 and resistance R 7, described switching circuit by P-MOSFET manage Q1, resistance R 4 consists of; Select HEX P-MOSFET as current switch, realize being low to moderate the threshold values protection voltage of 1.5V and low resistance, large current condition; Use the P-MOSFET scheme to make switch in saturated and two kinds of working methods of cut-off, reduce the power consumption of switch; Guarantee that switch mosfet Guan Buhui is operated in the linear work district and burns the switch mosfet pipe.Wherein, the source electrode of PMOSFET pipe Q1 connects the power supply input, and the drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe Q1 connects the output of protective circuit, and the grid of PMOSFET pipe Q1 connects the collector electrode of triode Q2; Resistance R 4 is connected between the grid and drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe Q1, and button S1 is connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of MOSFET pipe Q1.
The PT7M6101 that over-current detection element U1 selects PT company to produce, its trigging signal is low to moderate 100mV, can greatly reduce current sampling resistor R6, reduces the power consumption of sample resistance, guarantees little sample resistance and little resistance power consumption, satisfies the checking of great current condition.
Resistance R 1, resistance R 2 are connected in series between the input and ground of protective circuit; the connected node that resistance R 1 is connected with resistance R is connected with the base stage of triode Q2, the collector electrode of triode Q3 and the output 0V of over-current detection element U1 simultaneously; the emitter of triode Q2 is by resistance R 7 ground connection; the base stage of triode Q3 is by the tap terminals of diode D2, D3 connection adjustable resistance R5, and the emitter of triode Q3 is by resistance R 7 ground connection.
Button S1 and P-MOSFE pipe Q1T drain-source is extremely in parallel, and state retaining circuit is placed on the P-MOSFET rear class, and this circuit structure guarantees that circuit remains open state always after the protection action, until the patrolman checks and repair ability Power resumption after the fault.
The circuit working principle is as follows:
Off-state is kept: when MOSFET pipe Q1 was in off-state, over-current detection element U1, resistance R 1, R2 did not have electric current, and no matter triode Q3 is whether conducting, and triode Q2 is in cut-off state all the time, and it is constant that MOSFET pipe Q1 keeps off-state.
Conducting state is kept: at first connect the Q1 drain electrode of MOSFET pipe and source electrode by button S1, resistance R 1, R2 obtain source current, and press to the power supply of triode Q2 base stage by dividing, and triode Q2 is in the saturation conduction state, MOSFET pipe Q1 saturation conduction.After button S1 decontroled, power supply was continuously resistance R 1, R2 power supply by MOSFET pipe Q1, and triode Q2 is in the saturation conduction state always, and MOSFET pipe Q1 keeps conducting state always.
After overcurrent or overvoltage crowbar action, switching circuit is in off-state, needs the manual S1 that releases the button, and switching circuit just can come back to conducting state.
Overvoltage protection: capacitor C 2 is used for adjusting the sensitivity of overcurrent protection, and capacitor C 3 is used for adjusting the sensitivity of overvoltage protection, need to adjust according to the fluctuation range of power supply, the noise level of voltage and current, and adjustable operate time, scope was 5uS～100mS.Triode Q2, Q3, resistance R 7 consist of Schmidt trigger circuit, the shutoff of control MOSFET pipe Q1.
The threshold voltage of overvoltage protection is:
Vt=Vd1+Vd2+Vbe+Vr7；
Wherein:
1. Vr7 is triode Q2 voltage on the resistance R 7 when saturated, and magnitude of voltage is: (Vin-Vsat) * (R7/ (R7+R4)), and Vsat ≈ 0.3V, Vsat are triode Q2 saturation voltage drop; Vin is power input voltage;
2. Vd1 ≈ Vd2 ≈ Vbe ≈ 0.7V, Vd1, Vd2 are respectively the forward voltage drop of diode D2, D3, and Vbe is the be knot forward voltage drop of triode Q3; The number of diodes of series connection can increase and decrease according to the size of overvoltage protection threshold voltage, or replaces with voltage stabilizing didoe.
The threshold voltage method of adjustment: the stabilized voltage power supply output voltage is adjusted to operation voltage, press button S1 and make MOSFET pipe Q1 conducting, then adjust adjustable resistance R5, until the protective circuit action, MOSFET pipe Q1 turn-offs, and LED lamp D4 extinguishes, and debug process finishes.
Overcurrent protection: over-current detection element U1 adopts PT7M6101, and operation voltage is 100mV, and when not moving, over-current detection element U1 output does not affect overvoltage crowbar in high-impedance state.Resistance R 6 is current sampling resistor in the circuit, when the voltage at resistance R 6 two ends reaches 100mV when above, and the PT7M6101 action, the output of PT7M6101 will be converted to ' 0 ' level by high-impedance state, triode Q2 cut-off, MOSFET pipe Q1 switch disconnects.The size of sample resistance is decided by the lowest high-current value of circuit, adopts following formula to calculate:
R=0.1V/Imax。
This programme switch mosfet is in degree of depth saturation conduction state when normal operation, low in energy consumption, and is large by electric current; adjustable protection voltage can be low to moderate below the 1.5V; easy to adjust, for the electric current more than the 16A, MOSFET pipe Q1 can also be by the size of simple parallel way extend current.MOSFET pipe Q1 continues to remain open state after the protective circuit action, must reopen protective circuit by button S1, and this meets the characteristics that protection requires.Because this programme has that volume is little, electric current is large, voltage adjusting range is wide, easy to adjust, be active in one's movements, with low cost, can satisfy the application of most of aging board protective circuits.
The above is described the specific embodiment of the present invention, still, and the scope that is not limited only to embodiment of the present invention's protection.
Claims (6)
1. the over-voltage over-current protection circuit that has state maintenance function, comprise over-current detection circuit (1) and over-voltage detection circuit (2), it is characterized in that: this over-voltage over-current protection circuit also is provided with circuits for triggering (4), state retaining circuit (5) and switching circuit (3);
Described circuits for triggering (4) receive the control signal of over-current detection circuit (1) and over-voltage detection circuit (2) output, and when the overvoltage signal occurring, over-voltage detection circuit (2) output control signal control switch circuit (3) disconnects; When over-current signal occurring; Over-current detection circuit (1) output control signal control switch circuit (3) disconnects;
Described switching circuit (3) is connected between the output of power supply output and this protective circuit, and the control end of described switching circuit (3) receives the control signal of described circuits for triggering (4) and state retaining circuit (5) output; Conducting after described switching circuit (3) is started by state retaining circuit (5), when overvoltage or over-current signal occurring, described circuits for triggering (4) control switch circuit (3) disconnect, and described state retaining circuit (5) to make switching circuit (3) remain open state constant; When needs make described switching circuit (3) again during conducting, manually control described state retaining circuit (5) output control signal and make again conducting of described switching circuit (3).
2. according to claim 1 have an over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, and it is characterized in that: described circuits for triggering (4) are Schmidt trigger circuit.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 have an over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, it is characterized in that: described state retaining circuit (5) comprises resistance one, resistance two, resistance seven, button and switching tube two, wherein, resistance one, resistance two are connected in series, the output of a termination protective circuit after the series connection, other end ground connection; The connected node that resistance one is connected with resistance is connected with an end of switching tube two, and two ends of switching tube two are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube two connect the control end of described switching circuit (3); Button connects between the output of power supply output and this protective circuit.
4. according to claim 3 have an over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function, it is characterized in that: described circuits for triggering (4) comprise switching tube two, switching tube three and resistance seven, and an end of switching tube two connects the output of described over-current detection circuit (1); One end of switching tube three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit (2), and two ends of switching tube three are by resistance seven ground connection, and three ends of switching tube three are connected with an end of switching tube two.
5. the over-voltage over-current protection circuit with state maintenance function according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described switching tube two, the 3rd, triode; The connected node that described resistance one is connected with resistance is connected with the collector electrode of the ground level of triode two and triode three, and connects simultaneously the output of described over-current detection circuit (1); All by described resistance seven ground connection, the collector electrode of described triode two connects the control end of described switching circuit (3) to the emitter of described triode two, triode three; The base stage of described triode three connects the output of described over-voltage detection circuit (2).
6. according to claim 5 have an over-voltage over-current protection circuit that state keeps function; it is characterized in that: described switching circuit comprises the P-MOSFET pipe; the source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects the power supply input; the drain electrode of P-MOSFET pipe connects the output of this protective circuit; the grid of P-MOSFET pipe connects the collector electrode of triode two, and button is connected between the drain electrode and source electrode of P-MOSFET pipe.
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| CN105610119A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 芜湖锐芯电子科技有限公司 | LED protection circuit against overvoltage and overcurrent |
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| CN104332943A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-02-04 | 宁德时代新能源科技有限公司 | DC protection circuit |
| CN105610119A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-05-25 | 芜湖锐芯电子科技有限公司 | LED protection circuit against overvoltage and overcurrent |
| CN106953624B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2023-10-13 | 天索（苏州）控制技术有限公司 | MOSFET parallel overcurrent protection circuit |
| CN106953624A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-14 | 天索（苏州）控制技术有限公司 | MOSFET parallel connection current foldback circuits |
| WO2018201605A1 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-08 | 深圳市云顶信息技术有限公司 | Electric toothbrush |
| CN108257895A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-06 | 深圳市振华微电子有限公司 | The power ageing method and ageing device of semi-conductor power module |
| CN108257895B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2024-04-12 | 深圳市振华微电子有限公司 | Power aging method and aging device for semiconductor power module |
| CN110011272A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-07-12 | 珠海逸腾电控技术有限公司 | A kind of overvoltage crowbar |
| CN110011272B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2024-08-13 | 广东逸和机电有限公司 | Overvoltage protection circuit |
| CN115173689A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-10-11 | 闽都创新实验室 | High-reliability high-power pumping power supply control system |
| CN115173689B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-10-29 | 闽都创新实验室 | High-power pump power supply control system with high reliability |
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