CN116893718A - Power limiting method of photovoltaic optimizer - Google Patents
Power limiting method of photovoltaic optimizer Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and discloses a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer, which comprises the following steps of S1: obtaining output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic module according to a preset monitoring mode; s2: controlling the photovoltaic optimizer to enter a low-power mode or a BUCK mode through a preset judging strategy according to the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic module; s3: the photovoltaic optimizer entering the BUCK mode carries out maximum power point tracking, acquires the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer in real time according to a preset sampling interval, and enters the BUCK step-down mode if the output power is higher than the rated output power continuously for N times; if the output power is continuously lower than the preset power value for N times, entering a low power mode; according to the method, the photovoltaic module can adaptively adjust the working mode according to the power condition, so that the condition that the photovoltaic optimizer cannot work normally due to protection or damage of components after power abnormality occurs is prevented, the output stability of the photovoltaic system is maintained, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer.
Background
With the increasing global demand for renewable energy sources, photovoltaic modules have become a key component in achieving sustainable energy supply. However, the performance and output power of photovoltaic modules are affected by a variety of factors, such as illumination intensity, temperature, shadows, and dirt. To address these issues, photovoltaic optimizers have evolved. The photovoltaic optimizers aim to improve the energy efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic modules. The method monitors and controls parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and the like of the photovoltaic module in real time so as to achieve maximum power output and maximum energy utilization rate.
In a specific use process of the photovoltaic system, the condition that the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer is overlarge exists, for example, the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer exceeds a threshold value due to short circuit occurring in the photovoltaic optimizer, or the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer exceeds the threshold value due to overhigh pulling of the inverter current due to overhigh illumination, the photovoltaic optimizer triggers over-power protection to stop working due to light weight, and the power device is burnt due to heavy weight.
When the actual output power exceeds the output rated power, the photovoltaic optimizer directly turns off the output to enter a protection mode, and the photovoltaic module cannot continue to supply power to a load at the moment, so that the power generation efficiency in the whole process is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer, which is used for solving the technical problems that the power generation efficiency is reduced and the photovoltaic optimizer is easy to damage due to improper power limitation of the existing photovoltaic optimizer.
The basic scheme provided by the application is as follows: a power limitable method of a photovoltaic optimizer, applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system comprising: the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic optimizer and the grid-connected inverter; the input end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the direct current input end of the inverter;
the working modes of the photovoltaic optimizer comprise a low-power mode and a BUCK mode; the BUCK mode further comprises a BUCK BUCK mode; the power limiting method of the photovoltaic optimizer comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic module according to a preset monitoring mode;
s2: controlling the photovoltaic optimizer to enter a low-power mode or a BUCK mode through a preset judging strategy according to the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic module;
s3: the photovoltaic optimizer entering the BUCK mode carries out maximum power point tracking, acquires the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer in real time according to a preset sampling interval, and enters the BUCK step-down mode if the output power is higher than the rated output power continuously for N times; and if the output power is lower than the preset power value for N times continuously, entering a low power mode.
The working principle and the advantages of the application are as follows: according to the actual working condition of the photovoltaic optimizer, the working mode of the photovoltaic optimizer is divided into a low-power mode and a BUCK mode, the low-power mode is mainly used for protecting components of the photovoltaic optimizer under the condition that the starting state is not achieved, the BUCK mode is mainly used for tracking the maximum power point of the photovoltaic optimizer under the condition that the starting state is achieved, so that the corresponding photovoltaic module can be subjected to mode adjustment according to different operation parameters, high-power work is integrally maintained, and the power generation efficiency is improved; based on the output condition of the photovoltaic module monitored in real time, the photovoltaic optimizer enters an adaptive working mode, the purpose of limiting the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer is achieved, the photovoltaic optimizer is ensured to be in the most appropriate mode, and the maximum utilization rate and module protection are realized; meanwhile, when the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer is overlarge or overlarge, the photovoltaic module can carry out self-adaptive adjustment of the working mode according to the power condition, so that the working mode switching, the power limiting and the corresponding power adjustment are completed, the photovoltaic optimizer is prevented from being incapable of working normally due to protection or damage of components, the output stability of the photovoltaic system is maintained, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is effectively improved, and the service life of the photovoltaic optimizer is prolonged.
And when the output power is higher than the rated output power for N times continuously, the maximum power point tracking is turned off, the PWM duty ratio is reduced according to a set mode, and the output power is reduced.
The beneficial effects are that: the PWM output voltage and the duty ratio thereof are in a proportional relation, and the output voltage is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the duty ratio, and vice versa, so that the magnitude of the output voltage can be controlled by changing the duty ratio of PWM, the purpose of power limitation is further achieved, continuous N times of judgment is carried out, the misjudgment of single judgment is avoided, and the accuracy of the judgment result is ensured.
Further, after the PWM duty ratio is reduced in a set manner, the method further comprises the steps of obtaining the output current of the photovoltaic optimizer according to a preset sampling interval, and comparing the obtained output current of the photovoltaic optimizer with a set current threshold; if the output current is greater than the set current threshold, continuing to reduce the PWM duty cycle in a set reduction manner.
If the output current is smaller than the set current threshold, the PWM duty ratio is gradually increased, and when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module reaches the preset voltage and the output power reaches the preset power value, the photovoltaic module is restored to the BUCK mode.
The beneficial effects are that: since the output current=output voltage/resistance, the output current is reduced due to the reduction of the output voltage in the constant resistance mode, so that the output power=output voltage×output current is also reduced, the purpose of power limitation is further achieved, and the judgment of the current threshold value is further accurate in judging the power adjustment.
Further, the N times are five times; the preset sampling interval is 13.5us.
The beneficial effects are that: the five times of judgment and the set sampling interval can ensure that the judging duration is proper, so that the accuracy and the rapidity of the judging result can be balanced.
Further, the setting method reduces the PWM duty ratio, namely, judging the reason for increasing the output power, if the output power exceeds the rated output power due to short circuit, closing the PWM to reduce the duty ratio; if the illumination is too strong, which causes the inverter current to be pulled too high so that the output power exceeds the rated output power, the PWM duty cycle is gradually reduced.
The beneficial effects are that: by judging the reason of the increase of the output power, the power is reduced in two different modes, and when a short circuit occurs, the situation is serious and the power is required to be reduced in the fastest mode; and the severity of the short circuit fault is reduced compared with the case caused by overhigh pulling of the inverter current, so that a gradual duty ratio mode is adopted, and the system adjustment is more stable.
Further, the step-down PWM duty cycle is in the range of 4% -5% each time when the duty cycle is in the range of 70% -100%; when the duty ratio is in the range of 40% -70%, the reduction range is 3% -4% each time; when the duty cycle is in the range of 0% -40%, each reduction is in the range of 2% -3%.
The beneficial effects are that: when the duty ratio is reduced, the duty ratio falling value is finely adjusted, so that the duty ratio falling value is gradually reduced under the condition that the power exceeding range is gradually reduced, the phenomenon that the power adjusting range is too large due to the fixed duty ratio falling value is avoided, and the recovery time is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a simulation diagram of a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a simulation diagram of a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of a power limiting method of a photovoltaic optimizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1: a power limitable method of a photovoltaic optimizer, applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system comprising: the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic optimizer and the grid-connected inverter; the input end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the direct current input end of the inverter.
It should be noted that, any one of the battery string groups includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules connected in series, each photovoltaic module is configured with a photovoltaic optimizer for executing maximum power point tracking, the photovoltaic optimizers corresponding to the photovoltaic modules in each of the battery string groups are connected in series to form a link, in the same photovoltaic string, the output currents of the photovoltaic optimizers are equal, and the output voltage is in direct proportion to the output power. Therefore, when the photovoltaic power generation system needs to operate with limited power, the photovoltaic optimizers with the maximum output power exceed the corresponding threshold values first, the output power and the output voltage of the photovoltaic optimizers begin to be reduced firstly, the string current is reduced, the output voltages of the rest power optimizers in the photovoltaic string are correspondingly increased, if the limited power value required by the photovoltaic power generation system is not reached, the voltage of the direct-current bus of the inverter continues to be increased, the string current continues to be reduced, the photovoltaic optimizers with the maximum output power further reduce the power, and meanwhile, the output voltages of the rest power optimizers continue to be increased until the corresponding threshold values are exceeded, and derating is carried out. The photovoltaic optimizer monitors and optimizes the electric energy of each photovoltaic module, and even if any photovoltaic module in the array has a mismatch problem, other photovoltaic modules can still output the maximum power, so that the generated energy loss caused by the mismatch problem can be compensated.
The power limiting method of the photovoltaic optimizer comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic module according to a preset monitoring mode;
the preset monitoring mode is specifically to monitor the output voltage, the output current and the output power of the photovoltaic module in real time according to a preset sampling interval, and judge the working state according to each item of data.
S2: controlling the photovoltaic optimizer to enter a low-power mode or a BUCK mode through a preset judging strategy according to the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic module;
the preset judging strategy is to obtain the output voltage of the photovoltaic module, judge whether the output voltage is within the output voltage threshold range, and if not, control the photovoltaic optimizer to enter a low-power mode; if yes, judging the output power of the photovoltaic module; obtaining output power of the photovoltaic module, and judging whether the output voltage of the photovoltaic module at the same sampling moment reaches a preset voltage or not and whether the output power reaches a preset power value or not; if not, controlling the photovoltaic optimizer to continue in a low power mode; if so, enter BUCK mode. In this embodiment, the output voltage threshold range is 0-80V, the preset voltage range is 15-20V, the preset power value is 8W, and the determination of the value reasonably matches the efficient operation of the photovoltaic module and the whole photovoltaic system, and meanwhile, the situation that frequent start and stop are caused by too low setting and too high setting can not be started in time is avoided, so that the power generation efficiency is reduced.
S3: the photovoltaic optimizer entering the BUCK mode carries out maximum power point tracking, acquires the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer in real time according to a preset sampling interval, and enters the BUCK step-down mode if the output power is higher than the rated output power continuously for N times; and if the output power is lower than the preset power value for N times continuously, entering a low power mode.
It should be noted that, the BUCK mode is the maximum power point tracking start and the output power is within a reasonable range, and the BUCK mode is the start BUCK when the output power is higher than the rated output power in the BUCK mode; in this embodiment, the rated output power is 100W. The preset sampling interval is 13.5us. N is five times, and is judged for five times, if the five times are continuously higher than the rated output power, the power adjustment is carried out by entering the BUCK mode, and if the five times are judged to be only once or twice higher than the rated output power and the other times are lower than the rated output power, the BUCK mode is still kept for carrying out maximum power point tracking, the mode switching cannot be easily carried out, the judgment accuracy is ensured, and the power adjustment frequency of the photovoltaic optimizer is excessively high under the condition of preventing single disturbance. The switching of the low power mode is the same as that described above, and will not be described again.
Specifically, the BUCK mode is to turn off the maximum power point tracking when the output power is continuously higher than the rated output power for N times, and reduce the PWM duty cycle in a set manner to reduce the output power.
It should be noted that PWM pulse width modulation is an analog control method, which modulates bias of a base electrode of a transistor or a gate electrode of a MOS transistor according to a change of a corresponding load, so as to change on time of the transistor or the MOS transistor, thereby changing output of a switching regulator, and this method can keep output voltage of the power supply constant when working conditions change, and is a very effective technique for controlling an analog circuit by using a digital signal of a microprocessor. The duty cycle of PWM is a value obtained by dividing pulse width by pulse period, and the percentage represents, for example, 50%, the duty cycle of PWM is adjusted to adjust voltage, the voltage is adjusted by changing the duty cycle of PWM under the condition that the frequency of PWM wave is constant, the output voltage of PWM is in a proportional relationship with the duty cycle of PWM wave, the output voltage is correspondingly increased with the increase of duty cycle, and vice versa, for example, when the duty cycle is 100%, the full voltage is output, when the duty cycle is 50%, the output voltage is 50% of the full voltage, and when the duty cycle is 0, the output voltage is 0. Therefore, by changing the duty ratio of PWM, the magnitude of the output voltage can be controlled, and the output current decreases due to the decrease of the output voltage in the constant resistance mode, so that the output power=output voltage×output current decreases, thereby further achieving the purpose of power limitation.
After the PWM duty ratio is reduced in a set manner, the method further comprises the steps of obtaining the output current of the photovoltaic optimizer according to a preset sampling interval, and comparing the obtained output current of the photovoltaic optimizer with a set current threshold.
Specifically, if the output current is greater than the set current threshold, the PWM duty cycle is continuously reduced in a set reduction manner. If the output current is smaller than the set current threshold, the PWM duty ratio is gradually increased, and when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module reaches the preset voltage and the output power reaches the preset power value, the photovoltaic module is restored to the BUCK mode.
It should be noted that, the input end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the photovoltaic module, the output end is connected with the dc input end of the inverter, and because of the series-parallel connection mode, the output current of the photovoltaic optimizer is controlled by the dc bus current of the inverter, so that the output current of the photovoltaic optimizer is matched with the current of other series photovoltaic modules while the duty ratio is reduced to adjust the voltage, the relative stability of the series current is maintained, the output current is reduced due to the reduction of the output voltage in the constant resistance mode, the output power is reduced, the purpose of power limitation is further achieved, the judgment of the current threshold value is further carried out, and the rationality judgment of the power adjustment is further carried out.
The set mode reduces the PWM duty ratio, namely, judging the reason for increasing the output power, if the output power exceeds the rated output power due to short circuit, closing the PWM to reduce the duty ratio;
when a short circuit occurs, the situation is serious, the power needs to be reduced in the fastest way, the PWM is directly turned off to reduce the duty ratio, so that the PWM output is 0, the output voltage is controlled to be directly reduced to 0, the power is quickly limited, and the system stability is ensured.
If the illumination is too strong, which causes the inverter current to be pulled too high so that the output power exceeds the rated output power, the PWM duty cycle is gradually reduced.
The step-down PWM duty cycle is that when the duty cycle is in the range of 70% -100%, the reduction range is 4% -5% each time; when the duty ratio is in the range of 40% -70%, the duty ratio is reduced by 3% -4% each time; when the duty cycle is in the range of 0% -40%, each time the duty cycle is reduced in the range of 2% -3%.
It should be noted that, the set adjustment range is the reduction value of the PWM duty cycle each time, and in this embodiment, the set adjustment range is 5% -10%. Assuming that the original PWM duty cycle is 50%, the reduction is performed on the basis of the original PWM duty cycle with a 4% reduction value in the range of 40% -70%, the duty cycle reduction is 46.5%, the output voltage reduction is still performed with a 3.5% reduction value in the range of 40% -70%, the duty cycle reduction is 43%, the output voltage reduction is still performed with a 3% reduction value in the range of 40% -70%, and the duty cycle reduction is 40%.
After judgment, the output voltage is required to be reduced continuously according to the reduction value in the corresponding range, and on the basis of reducing the duty ratio, the output voltage is reduced in a large range through a fine adjustment mode, and then reduced in a small range, so that the adjustment is more stable.
Example two
In order to better explain the method provided by the scheme, simulation test is carried out, a photovoltaic cell is replaced by a stabilized voltage power supply, an electronic load draws current, and the system tests the current running condition: rated output power 30v 15 a=450w, power limit 100W.
When the power is too high and the current is increased, the simulation results are shown in fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, at this time, the output voltage is 28.1V, the output current is 3.6A, the output power is 100W (to reach the power limit value), and the duty ratio is 95% at maximum. As shown in fig. 3, when the current was continuously increased to 3.7A, the duty cycle was reduced to 91.9%, and the output power was 99.3W (equivalent to 100W). As shown in fig. 4, the continuous increase of current, the optimizer keeps the output power at 100W and continuously decreases the duty cycle, thereby achieving the effect of output power limitation. As shown in fig. 5, when the outside is restored to normal, the current is reduced and the duty ratio is gradually restored to the maximum.
According to the scheme, the connection mode of the photovoltaic optimizer, the photovoltaic module and the inverter is combined, and by collecting and analyzing the power generation data of the photovoltaic module in real time, whether the photovoltaic optimizer enters a starting state or not is judged, the first working state of the photovoltaic optimizer is selected, and the fact that the photovoltaic optimizer can track the maximum power point under proper conditions is effectively ensured; continuously judging the output condition of the photovoltaic module and the state of the photovoltaic optimizer, and switching the photovoltaic optimizer into a BUCK mode after the external environment and the load demand meet the requirements; after entering the BUCK mode, the output power is monitored in real time, mode switching is performed according to whether the output power is larger than rated power or smaller than a preset power value, power limitation and maximum power point tracking recovery are completed quickly, the photovoltaic module can conduct self-adaptive adjustment of a working mode, output stability of the photovoltaic system is maintained, reliability and stability of the photovoltaic system are improved, power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system is effectively improved, energy utilization rate is improved, component protection is conducted simultaneously, and service life of the photovoltaic optimizer is prolonged.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent.
Claims (7)
1. A power limitable method of a photovoltaic optimizer, applied to a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system comprising: the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic optimizer and the grid-connected inverter; the input end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module, and the output end of the photovoltaic optimizer is connected with the direct current input end of the inverter; the photovoltaic optimizer is characterized in that the working modes of the photovoltaic optimizer comprise a low-power mode and a BUCK mode; the BUCK mode further comprises a BUCK BUCK mode; the power limiting method of the photovoltaic optimizer comprises the following steps:
s1: obtaining output voltage and output power of the photovoltaic module according to a preset monitoring mode;
s2: controlling the photovoltaic optimizer to enter a low-power mode or a BUCK mode through a preset judging strategy according to the output voltage and the output power of the photovoltaic module;
s3: the photovoltaic optimizer entering the BUCK mode carries out maximum power point tracking, acquires the output power of the photovoltaic optimizer in real time according to a preset sampling interval, and enters the BUCK step-down mode if the output power is higher than the rated output power continuously for N times; and if the output power is lower than the preset power value for N times continuously, entering a low power mode.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the BUCK mode is to turn off maximum power point tracking when the output power is higher than the rated output power N times, and to reduce the PWM duty cycle in a set manner to reduce the output power.
3. The method for limiting the power of a photovoltaic optimizer according to claim 2, wherein after the PWM duty cycle is reduced in a set manner, further comprising obtaining an output current of the photovoltaic optimizer at a preset sampling interval, and comparing the obtained output current of the photovoltaic optimizer with a set current threshold; if the output current is greater than the set current threshold, continuing to reduce the PWM duty cycle in a set reduction manner.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein if the output current is less than the set current threshold, the PWM duty cycle is stepped up, and the output power is restored to the BUCK mode when the output voltage of the photovoltaic module reaches the preset voltage and the output power reaches the preset power value.
5. A method of limiting power of a photovoltaic optimizer as claimed in claim 3 wherein said N times are five times; the preset sampling interval is 13.5us.
6. The method for limiting the power of the photovoltaic optimizer according to claim 2 wherein the set manner of decreasing the PWM duty cycle is to determine the cause of the increase in the output power and if the short circuit occurs to cause the output power to exceed the rated output power, the PWM is turned off to decrease the duty cycle; if the illumination is too strong, which causes the inverter current to be pulled too high so that the output power exceeds the rated output power, the PWM duty cycle is gradually reduced.
7. The method of limiting power to a photovoltaic optimizer of claim 6 wherein said step-down PWM duty cycle is in the range of 4% -5% each time when the duty cycle is in the range of 70% -100%; when the duty ratio is in the range of 40% -70%, the reduction range is 3% -4% each time; when the duty cycle is in the range of 0% -40%, each reduction is in the range of 2% -3%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117811092A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Starting method of photovoltaic optimizer system based on wireless communication |
| CN117811092B (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-05-14 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Starting method of photovoltaic optimizer system based on wireless communication |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117811092A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Starting method of photovoltaic optimizer system based on wireless communication |
| CN117811092B (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-05-14 | 锦浪科技股份有限公司 | Starting method of photovoltaic optimizer system based on wireless communication |
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