CN101541928A - 稳定化的生物柴油燃料组合物 - Google Patents
稳定化的生物柴油燃料组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101541928A CN101541928A CNA2007800435957A CN200780043595A CN101541928A CN 101541928 A CN101541928 A CN 101541928A CN A2007800435957 A CNA2007800435957 A CN A2007800435957A CN 200780043595 A CN200780043595 A CN 200780043595A CN 101541928 A CN101541928 A CN 101541928A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- triazole
- methyl
- group
- tolyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 methyl sulfo- Chemical class 0.000 claims description 83
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004202 aminomethyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-triazole Chemical compound N1NC=CN1 SNTWKPAKVQFCCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-BQYQJAHWSA-N methyl trans-cinnamate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JEKIXEKZNDOZOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[6-(1-cyclohexyloxybutyl)-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]-2h-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC(C=2N=NNC=2)C1(C)C(CCC)OC1CCCCC1 JEKIXEKZNDOZOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1O JZODKRWQWUWGCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FANGQVKSFHFPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FANGQVKSFHFPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 26
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 12
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisoctrizole Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=NN1C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C=2)C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)O)=C1O FQUNFJULCYSSOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-tocopherol Natural products OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000006309 butyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940120693 copper naphthenate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoate;3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)CC1 SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC=N1 JIHQDMXYYFUGFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HTSVYUUXJSMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine Chemical class ClC1=NC=NC=N1 HTSVYUUXJSMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ICHKVCYUNCKCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C.OCCCCCCO Chemical compound CN(C)C.OCCCCCCO ICHKVCYUNCKCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004915 dibutylamino group Chemical group C(CCC)N(CCCC)* 0.000 description 4
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- COVMBDWAODLWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(=O)NCCO COVMBDWAODLWIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 4
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005480 straight-chain fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及稳定化的生物柴油燃料组合物,该组合物包含生物柴油燃料以及下列材料的组合i)一种或多种选自位阻酚类抗氧化剂的化合物和ii)一种或多种选自三唑金属钝化剂的化合物。
Description
本发明涉及用一种或多种选自位阻酚类抗氧化剂的化合物和一种或多种选自三唑金属钝化剂的化合物的有效量的组合稳定化以对抗热、光、氧和金属的有害作用的生物柴油燃料(或生物燃料)组合物。
生物柴油燃料作为可再生燃料源越来越重要。其可以例如自身用作燃料,或可以与柴油燃料联用。
WO 2004055141教导了脂肪、油和食物的稳定化。稳定剂选自3-芳基苯并呋喃酮、长链N,N-二烷基羟胺、取代羟胺、硝酮和氧化胺。
EP-A-1486555、EP-A-1484387和EP-A-1484388公开了用在锅炉的蓝焰灯或优化的黄焰灯中的低腐蚀性燃料组合物。
美国专利说明书No.4,701,273公开了润滑剂并公开了苯并三唑金属钝化剂和酚类抗氧化剂的组合。
美国专利说明书No.6,410,490教导了组合物,其包含加氢处理油或加氢蜡油(hydrowaxed oil)以及下述物质的组合:三唑金属钝化剂、酚类抗氧化剂、芳胺抗氧化剂、烷基苯氧基链烷酸和N-酰基肌氨酸衍生物。
美国专利公开No.2006/0218855公开了提高生物柴油的氧化稳定性的方法。
本发明涉及稳定化以对抗热、光、氧和金属的有害作用的改进的生物柴油燃料组合物,该组合物包含
生物柴油燃料;和
下列材料的有效稳定化量的组合
i)至少一种选自位阻酚类抗氧化剂的化合物和
ii)至少一种选自三唑金属钝化剂的化合物。
还公开了将生物柴油燃料稳定化以对抗热、光、氧和金属的有害作用的方法,该方法包括向生物柴油燃料中掺入
下列材料的有效稳定化量的组合
i)至少一种选自位阻酚类抗氧化剂的化合物和
ii)至少一种选自三唑金属钝化剂的化合物。
生物柴油燃料是可再生资源并且越来越重要。
生物柴油燃料包含例如通过使甘油三酸酯与低碳醇,例如甲醇或乙醇酯交换而制成的低碳烷基脂肪酸酯。典型的生物柴油燃料是菜籽油或大豆油的脂肪酸甲酯。生物柴油燃料的来源包括植物和动物来源。回收食用油可以是生物柴油燃料的来源。
例如在美国专利说明书Nos.5,578,090、5,713,965、5,891,203、6,015,440、6,174,501和6,398,707中教导了生物柴油燃料及其制备。
本发明的生物柴油燃料例如包含由植物或含油种子生成的具有12至22个碳原子的饱和和不饱和直链脂肪酸的混合物的低级酯。术语“低碳烷基酯”是指C1-C5酯,特别是甲酯和乙酯。饱和、单不饱和和多不饱和C16-C22脂肪酸的甲酯的混合物是已知的“生物柴油”或“油菜籽甲酯”。
本发明的生物柴油燃料基本由最多100重量%低碳烷基脂肪酸酯构成,或是低碳烷基脂肪酸酯与常规柴油燃料的组合。该生物柴油燃料含有例如大约2至大约98重量%脂肪酸酯和大约98至大约2重量%常规柴油燃料。例如,该生物柴油燃料含有大约10至大约90重量%脂肪酸酯和大约90至大约10重量%柴油燃料。例如,该生物柴油燃料含有大约25至大约75重量%脂肪酸酯和大约75至大约25重量%柴油燃料。
受阻酚类抗氧化剂的代表性实例是:
1.烷基化单酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基酚、2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基酚、2,4,6-三环己基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基酚、在侧链中为线型或支化的壬基酚,例如,2,6-二壬基-4-甲基酚、2,4-2甲基-6-(1-甲基十一烷-1-基)酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十七烷-1-基)酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十三烷-1-基)酚及其混合物。
2.烷基硫代甲基酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基酚。
3.氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基酚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基酚、2,6-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基硬脂酸酯、双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)己二酸酯。
4.生育酚,例如α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
5.羟基化硫代二苯醚,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基酚)、4,4′-硫代双-(3,6-二-仲戊基酚)、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)二硫化物。
6.亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟苄基)-4-甲基酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3-叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3′叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟苯基)丁烷、2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-双-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
7.苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四-叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄醚、十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯、十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)胺、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、二-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)硫化物、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基-巯基-乙酸异辛基酯、双-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫醇对苯二甲酸酯、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基-磷酸二(十八烷基)酯和3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基-磷酸单乙酯,钙盐。
8.羟苄基化丙二酸酯,例如二(十八烷基)-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟苄基)-丙二酸酯、二-十八烷基-2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-丙二酸酯、二-十二烷基巯基乙基-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)丙二酸酯、双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)丙二酸酯。
9.芳族羟苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)酚。
10.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
11.苄基膦酸酯,例如二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基膦酸酯、二乙基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基膦酸酯、二(十八烷基)3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基膦酸酯、二(十八烷基)-5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基膦酸的单乙酯的钙盐。
12.酰氨基酚,例如4-羟基-月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基-硬脂酰苯胺、2,4-双-辛基巯基-6-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-s-三嗪和辛基-N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-氨基甲酸酯。
13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与单-或多元醇,如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单-或多元醇,如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与单-或多元醇,如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
16.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙酸与单-或多元醇,如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)己二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)丙二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(Uniroyal供应的XL-1)。
例如,该位阻酚类化合物选自丁基化酚、丁基化羟基甲苯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚、生育酚、苄基膦酸酯、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与单-或多元醇的酯、β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单-或多元醇的酯、β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与单-或多元醇的酯和3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙酸与单-或多元醇的酯。
例如,该位阻酚类抗氧化剂选自2,6-二叔丁基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚(BHT)、2,2’-亚甲基双-(4,6-二叔丁基酚)、1,6-亚己基-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)、((3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟苯基)甲基硫代)乙酸C10-C14异烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸C6-C9烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯、四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)硫代二亚乙酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸十八烷基酯和2,5-二叔丁基氢醌。
例如,该位阻酚类抗氧化剂选自2,6-二叔丁基酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯和四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷。
合适的三唑金属钝化剂是1,2,4-三唑类或苯并三唑类的。
例如在美国专利说明书No.4,734,209中公开了1,2,4-三唑类的金属钝化剂。
合适的1,2,4-三唑金属钝化剂例如具有下式
其中
R1和R2相同或不同并且是氢、C1-C20烷基、C3-C20烯基、C5-C12环烷基、C7-C13芳烷基、C6-C10芳基或羟基,或R1和R2可以和与它们各自相连的氮原子一起形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,或R1和R2是具有下列分式的基团
R3X[(-R4-)O]n(-R4)-,
其中
X代表O、S或NR3,
R3代表氢或C1-C20烷基,
R4代表C1-C12亚烷基,
n代表0或1至6的整数,
或R1和R2之一代表具有下列分式的基团
或R2代表式(II)的基团且R1代表具有下列分式的基团
-[R4]n-N(R5)-A-[N(R5)2]m,
其中
m代表0或1,且当m代表0时,A代表式(II)的基团,且当m代表1时,A代表亚烷基或C6-C10亚芳基,且
R5代表式(II)的基团。
R4代表例如,C1-C6亚烷基,例如C2-C3亚烷基。
n代表例如0、1、2、3、4、5或6。
式(I)的具体化合物包括:
1-(或4)-(二甲基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二乙基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-异丙基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正丁基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正己基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正-辛基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正癸基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正十二烷基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正-十八烷基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-正-二十烷基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-[二-(丙-2′-烯基)氨基甲基]三唑、1-(或4)-[二-(丁-2′-烯基)氨基甲基]三唑、1-(或4)-[二-(二十-2′-烯基)氨基甲基]三唑、1-(或4)-(二-环己基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-苄基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-苯基氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(4′-吗啉基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(1′-吡咯烷甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(1′-哌啶子基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(1′-perhydoroazepino甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(2′,2″-二羟乙基)氨基甲基]三唑、1-(或4)-(二丁氧基丙基-氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二丁基硫基丙基-氨基甲基)三唑、1-(或4)-(二-丁基氨基丙基-氨基甲基)三唑、N,N-双-(1-或4-三唑基甲基)月桂胺、N,N-双-(1-或4-三唑基甲基)油胺、N,N-双-(1-或4-三唑基甲基)乙醇胺和N,N,N′,N′-四(1-或4-三唑基甲基)乙二胺。
优选的式(I)的化合物是例如1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)三唑,即1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)-1,2,4-三唑,或是1-(二-(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基)-1,2,4-三唑。
合适的苯并三唑金属钝化剂是例如美国专利说明书Nos.5,032,300和5,171,463中公开的那些。
合适的苯并三唑金属钝化剂例如具有下式
其中
R6代表C1-C12烷基,
R7代表C1-C12烷基、被一个或多个O原子插入的C1-C12烷基或代表C5-C12环烷基且
R8和R9代表氢或甲基。
式(III)的化合物的具体实例包括:
1-(2-甲氧基丙-2-基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-甲氧基乙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-甲氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-异丁氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-叔丁氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-己氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-辛氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-丁氧基-2-甲基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-十二烷氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-异丙氧基乙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-异丙氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-异丙氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基庚基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑、1-[1-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丁基]甲苯基三唑和1-[1-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)丁基]甲苯基三唑。
优选的式(III)的化合物是例如1-(2-甲氧基丙-2-基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基庚基)甲苯基三唑或1-(1-环己氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑。
(1-(2-甲氧基丙-2-基)甲苯基三唑由下式表示
1-(1-环己氧基庚基)甲苯基三唑由下式表示
苯并三唑金属钝化剂也可以是例如美国专利说明书Nos.5,580,482和6,410,490中公开的那些。
合适的苯并三唑金属钝化剂例如具有下式
其中
R10代表氢或C1-C12烷基,
R11和R12相同或不同并且是氢、C1-C20烷基、C3-C20烯基、C5-C12环烷基、C7-C13芳烷基、C6-C10芳基或羟基,或R11和R12可以和与它们各自相连的氮原子一起形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,或R11和R12是具有下列分式的基团
R13X[(-R14-)O]n(-R14)-
其中
X代表O、S或NR13,
R13代表氢或C1-C20烷基,
R14代表C1-C12亚烷基,
n代表0或1至6的整数,
或R11和R12之一代表下式的基团
或R12代表式(II)的基团且R11代表具有下列分式的基团
-[R14]n-N(R15)-A-[N(R15)2]m
其中
m代表0或1,且当m代表0时,A代表式(II)的基团,且当m代表1时,A代表亚烷基或C6-C10亚芳基且R15代表式(II)的基团。
代表性的苯并三唑(IV)是例如
4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二(2-乙基己基)-氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二甲基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二乙基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-异丙基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正丁基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正-己基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正-辛基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正-癸基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正十二烷基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正-十八烷基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-正-二十烷基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-[二-(丙-2′-烯基)氨基甲基]-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-[二-(丁-2′-烯基)氨基甲基]-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-[二-(二十-2′-烯基)氨基甲基]-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-环己基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-苄基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-苯基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(4′-吗啉基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(1′-吡咯烷甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(1′-哌啶子基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(1′-perhydoroazepino甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(2′,2″-二羟乙基)氨基甲基]-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二丁氧基丙基-氨基甲基)-苯并三唑、4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二丁基硫基丙基-氨基甲基)-苯并三唑和4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-丁基氨基丙基-氨基甲基)-苯并三唑。
优选的式(IV)的苯并三唑是例如,4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二(2-乙基己基)-氨基甲基)-苯并三唑或4-(或5)-甲基-1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)-苯并三唑。
烷基是支链或直链基团,例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、二十烷基或二十二烷基。
烯基是支链或直链基团,例如,丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、正-2,4-戊二烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、正-2-辛烯基、正2-十二烯基、异十二烯基、油烯基、正-2-十八烯基或正-4-十八烯基。优选的是具有3至18个,尤其是3至12个,例如3至6个,特别是3至4个碳原子的烯基。
环烷基是例如,环戊基、甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、环己基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、三甲基环己基、叔丁基环己基、环庚基或环辛基。优选的是环己基和叔丁基环己基。
芳烷基是例如,苄基、α-甲基苄基、α,α-二甲基苄基或2-苯基乙基。苄基和α,α-二甲基苄基是优选的。
芳基是例如,苯基或萘基,但还包括C1-C4烷基取代的苯基、C1-C4烷氧基取代的苯基、羟基、卤素或硝基取代的苯基。烷基取代的苯基的实例是乙基苯、甲苯、二甲苯及其异构体,1,3,5-三甲基苯或异丙基苯。卤素取代的苯基是,例如,二氯苯或溴甲苯。
亚烷基是支链或直链基团,例如,亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、三亚甲基、亚丁基、亚戊基、亚己基、亚庚基、亚辛基、亚癸基、亚十二烷基或亚十八烷基。优选的是C1-C8亚烷基。
亚芳基是二价芳基,例如亚苯基或亚萘基。
组分i)和ii)各自以按重量计占生物柴油燃料重量的大约5ppm至大约5000ppm,例如大约50ppm至大约5000ppm,例如大约100至大约5000ppm的含量使用。例如,各添加剂按重量计以生物柴油燃料重量的大约150至大约4000ppm,大约200至大约3000ppm,或大约250至大约2500ppm存在。该含量可以高达生物柴油燃料重量的大约1重量%,大约2重量%或大约3重量%。
该稳定化生物柴油燃料与未稳定化的样品相比表现出提高的储存稳定性。通过羧酸、过氧化物、醛和醇的形成观察生物柴油燃料在热、光、氧或金属条件下的降解。在金属条件下的降解意味着金属污染。
该稳定化生物柴油燃料也可以含有已知金属螯合化合物。该已知金属螯合化合物包括羟基羧酸螯合剂,如柠檬酸,羟基羧酸酯螯合剂,如柠檬酸三乙酯和柠檬酸单硬脂酯,席夫碱,如N,N-二亚水杨基-1,2-丙二胺(DMD),氨基醇,如三乙醇胺和N-羟乙基乙二胺,聚胺,如乙二胺和二亚乙基三胺,和氨基羧酸螯合剂,如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。也可以使用这些化合物的混合物。
该稳定化生物柴油燃料还可以含有一种或多种选自3-芳基苯并呋喃酮稳定剂和位阻胺光稳定剂的稳定剂。
优选实施方案涉及
合适的3-芳基苯并呋喃酮抗氧化剂是,例如,美国专利说明书Nos.4,325,863;4,388,244;5,175,312;5,252,643;5,216,052;5,369,159;5,488,117;5,356,966;5,367,008;5,428,162;5,428,177;和5,516,920中公开的那些。
特别合适的苯并呋喃酮型稳定剂包括3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮;5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮;3,3′-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮];5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮;3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮;3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基-苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮;5,7-二叔丁基-3-苯基苯并呋喃-2-酮;5,7-二叔丁基-3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-苯并呋喃-2-酮;或5,7-二叔丁基-3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮。
例如在美国专利说明书Nos.5,004,770、5,204,473、5,096,950、5,300,544、5,112,890、5,124,378、5,145,893、5,216,156、5,844,026、5,980,783、6,046,304、6,117,995、6,271,377、6,297,299、6,392,041、6,376,584和6,472,456,和美国专利申请Nos.09/714,717,和10/485,377中公开了所谓的位阻胺。
合适的所谓的位阻胺包括,例如:
1)1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-十八烷基氨基哌啶、
2)双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、
3)双(1-乙酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、
4)双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲-4-基)癸二酸酯、
5)双(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、
6)双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯;
7)双(1-酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、
8)双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基丙二酸酯、
9)2,4-双[(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟乙基氨基-s-三嗪、
10)双(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酸酯、
11)2,4-双[(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪、
12)1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、
13)1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、
14)1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、
15)双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、
16)双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酸酯、
17)2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟乙基氨基)-s-三嗪、
18)4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、
19)二-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)对甲氧基亚苄基丙二酸酯、
20)4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,
21)双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)丁二酸酯、
22)1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶、
23)2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺环[4,5]癸烷、
24)三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、
25)三(2-羟基-3-(氨基-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丙基)次氮基三乙酸酯、
26)四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷-四羧酸酯、
27)四(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷-四羧酸酯、
28)1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、
29)3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺环[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、
30)8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺环[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、
31)3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
32)3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、
33)N,N′-双-甲酰基-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺、
34)2,4-双[(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-s-三嗪与N,N′-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺)的反应产物、
35)1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和丁二酸的缩合物、
36)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-己二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物、
37)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-己二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物、
38)N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-吗啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物、
39)N,N′-双-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-吗啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物、
40)2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、
41)2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、
42)7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺环[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物、
43)聚[甲基,(3-氧-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丙基)]硅氧烷,CAS Reg.No.182635-99-0、
44)马来酸酐-C18-C22-α-烯烃-共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物、
45)低聚化合物,其是4,4′-亚己基双(氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)和用2-氯-4,6-双(二丁基氨基)-s-三嗪封端的2,4-二氯-6-[(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-s-三嗪的缩合产物、
46)低聚化合物,其是4,4′-亚己基双(氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶)和用2-氯-4,6-双(二丁基氨基)-s-三嗪封端的2,4-二氯-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-s-三嗪的缩合产物、
47)低聚化合物,其是4,4′-亚己基双(氨基-1-丙氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)和用2-氯-4,6-双(二丁基氨基)-s-三嗪封端的2,4-二氯-6-[(1-丙氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-s-三嗪的缩合产物、
48)低聚化合物,其是4,4′-亚己基双(氨基-1-酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)和用2-氯-4,6-双(二丁基氨基)-s-三嗪封端的2,4-二氯-6-[(1-酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-s-三嗪的缩合产物、
49)通过使1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷与氰尿酰氯反应而得的产物与(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)丁基胺反应而得的产物。
还包括任何上述化合物的位阻N-H、N-甲基、N-甲氧基、N-丙氧基、N-辛氧基、N-环己氧基、N-酰氧基和N-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)类似物。例如,用N-甲基受阻胺替代N-H受阻胺将会采用N-甲基类似物代替N-H。
在与组分i)和ii)相同的浓度水平下使用苯并呋喃酮和位阻胺稳定剂。
可以通过胶质形成观察生物柴油的稳定性损失。
本发明的特别优选的实施方案涉及组合物,其包含
至少一种选自2,6-二叔丁基酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯和四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷的位阻酚类抗氧化剂;
至少一种选自1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)-1,2,4-三唑、1-(二-(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基)1,2,4-三唑、1-(2-甲氧基丙-2-基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基庚基)甲苯基三唑和1-(1-环己氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑的三唑金属钝化剂。
下列实施例例证本发明。除非另行指明,分数和百分比按重量计。
实施例
材料和方法
Rancimat试验
使用食品工业开发的Rancimat试验测试大豆生物柴油(大豆脂肪酸的甲酯)的氧化稳定性。使3.0克大豆生物柴油样品保持在111.7℃并暴露在空气鼓泡流(10升/小时)中。将样品容器排气到第二容器中,在此使废气鼓过50毫升蒸馏水。该试验测量挥发性氧化分解产物,如过氧化物、醇、醛和羧酸。将挥发性分解产物(主要是甲酸)吹扫过样品容器并排气到第二容器中,在此它们被蒸馏水捕获。通过使用电极,持续地作为时间的函数监测水的电导率。电导率曲线的拐点(非特定值)是测得的诱导时间。应该指出,一些样品在达到拐点之前高度导电,而另一些仅略微导电。诱导时间的提高意味着氧化稳定性的提高。结果在下表中。添加剂含量单位为占生物柴油重量的重量%。
组分i)和ii)的稳定剂组合为Rancimat试验提供杰出的性能。为达到EN 14214规格,6小时诱导时间是必需的。
试验系列中所用的添加剂组分
P:丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)
Q:2,6-二叔丁基酚
R:维生素E
S:4-(和5)-甲基-1-(二(2-乙基己基)-氨基甲基)-苯并三唑的混合物
T:41重量%四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷、29重量%2,6-二叔丁基酚、30重量%3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酸甲基酯
U:1-(二-(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基)1,2,4-三唑
本发明的添加剂混合物:
A:90%添加剂T,10%添加剂S
B:90%添加剂P,10%添加剂S
C:90%添加剂Q,10%添加剂S
D:90%添加剂R,10%添加剂S
E:89%添加剂T,11%添加剂S
F:89%添加剂T,11%添加剂U
G:86%添加剂T,14%添加剂S
H:86%添加剂T,14%添加剂U
结果
实施例1
表1
Rancimat诱导时间
添加剂[2500ppm] | 诱导时间[小时] |
无 | 4.0 |
A | 10.9 |
P | 10.3 |
Q | 8.3 |
R | 5.0 |
实施例2
重复上述试验,其中生物柴油掺有5ppm铜。第一对照配方不含铜。
表2
Rancimat诱导时间
样品 | 添加剂[ppm] | 诱导时间[小时] |
无Cu(对照) | -- | 6.2 |
对照 | -- | 2.8 |
试验 | 2500A | 8.1 |
试验 | 1500A | 6.2 |
试验 | 250S | 4.1 |
实施例3
将大豆生物柴油在室外从2006年8月3日储存到2006年10月13日。作为时间(周数)和添加剂含量的函数监测Rancimat诱导时间。容器每周关闭和打开一次以取样。观察下列结果。
表3
Rancimat诱导时间
添加剂[ppm] | 诱导时间[小时]开始时 | 诱导时间[小时]结束时,10周 |
-- | 5.2 | 3.1 |
1000A | 7.8 | 6.6 |
2500A | 10.7 | 9.5 |
实施例4
用其它脂肪酸甲酯、菜籽油甲酯、回收食用油甲酯和麻风油甲酯重复试验。发现下列诱导时间结果。
表4
Rancimat诱导时间
样品 | 无添加剂A | 500ppm添加剂A | 1000ppm添加剂A | 2500ppm添加剂A |
菜籽油 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 7.2 | -- |
回收食用油 | 1.9 | 5.7 | 9.1 | -- |
麻风油 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 7.0 |
实施例5
进行在大豆生物柴油中的进一步rancimat诱导时间试验。
表5
Rancimat诱导时间
添加剂[ppm] | 诱导时间[小时] |
无添加剂 | 4.4 |
2788A | 9.5 |
2788B | 9.5 |
2788C | 7.9 |
2788D | 4.2 |
2500P | 9.3 |
2500Q | 7.8 |
2500R | 4.0 |
2500S | 4.4 |
2500T | 9.4 |
实施例6
用掺有0.25ppm环烷酸铁和掺有0.01ppm环烷酸铜的大豆生物柴油重复实施例5的试验。
表6
Rancimat诱导时间
添加剂[ppm] | 诱导时间[小时]0.25ppm Fe | 诱导时间[小时]0.01ppm环烷酸铜 |
无添加剂 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
2788A | 8.7 | 7.6 |
2788B | 8.2 | 7.4 |
2788C | 7.9 | 6.8 |
2788D | 3.6 | 3.2 |
2500P | 7.9 | 6.4 |
2500Q | 7.5 | 6.4 |
2500R | 3.4 | 2.8 |
2500S | 4.8 | 3.2 |
2500T | 7.8 | 6.6 |
实施例7
在掺合物B20,即20%大豆生物柴油和80%石油柴油,上和在掺有1ppm环烷酸铜的B20上进行试验。
表7
Rancimat诱导时间
添加剂[ppm] | 诱导时间[小时]B20掺合物 | 诱导时间[小时]含1pmm环烷酸铜的B20 |
无添加剂 | 10.6 | 1.2 |
1000A | 33.5 | 4.5 |
1000G | 29.1 | 7.4 |
1000H | 33.0 | 3.9 |
实施例8
在掺有不同乙酸铜含量的大豆生物柴油中进行试验。
表8
Rancimat诱导时间[小时]
添加剂[ppm] | 无金属 | 0.25ppm Cu | 0.5ppm Cu | 1ppm Cu |
-- | 4.2 | 0.40 | 0.13 | 0.15 |
1000E | -- | -- | -- | 0.15 |
1000F | -- | -- | -- | 0.78 |
实施例9
用掺有混合金属的大豆生物柴油进行实验。该混合金属掺杂(spike)是0.00006ppm环烷酸铜和0.0032ppm环烷酸铁。
表9
Rancimat诱导时间
添加剂 | 诱导时间[小时] | 诱导时间[小时]混合金属掺杂 |
无添加剂 | 4.3 | 2.3 |
S | 4.5 | 2.0 |
U | 4.6 | 2.9 |
E | 6.7 | 3.5 |
Claims (10)
1.稳定化以对抗热、光、氧和金属的有害作用的生物柴油燃料组合物,该组合物包含:
生物柴油燃料和
下列材料的有效稳定化量的组合:
i)至少一种选自位阻酚类抗氧化剂的化合物和
ii)至少一种选自三唑金属钝化剂的化合物。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,包含一种或多种选自2,6-二叔丁基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚(BHT)、2,2’-亚甲基双-(4,6-二叔丁基酚)、1,6-亚己基-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸酯)、((3,5-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羟苯基)甲基硫代)乙酸C10-C14异烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸C6-C9烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯、四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸)硫代二亚乙基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸十八烷基酯和2,5-二叔丁基氢醌的位阻酚类抗氧化剂。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,包含一种或多种选自2,6-二叔丁基酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯和四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷的位阻酚类抗氧化剂。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物,包含一种或多种选自下式的化合物的三唑金属钝化剂
其中
R1和R2相同或不同并且是氢、C1-C20烷基、C3-C20烯基、C5-C12环烷基、C7-C13芳烷基、C6-C10芳基或羟基,或R1和R2可以和与它们各自相连的氮原子一起形成5-、6-或7-元杂环,或R1和R2是下式的基团
R3X[(-R4-)O]n(-R4)-,
其中
X代表O、S或NR3,
R3代表氢或C1-C20烷基,
R4代表C1-C12亚烷基,
n代表0或1至6的整数,
或R1和R2之一代表下式的基团
或R2代表式(II)的基团且R1代表具有下列分式的基团
-[R4]n-N(R5)-A-[N(R5)2]m,
其中
m代表0或1,且当m代表0时,A代表式(II)的基团,且当m代表1时,A代表亚烷基或C6-C10亚芳基,且
R5代表式(II)的基团。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物,包含1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)-1,2,4-三唑或1-(二-(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基)1,2,4-三唑。
7.根据权利要求6的组合物,包含1-(2-甲氧基丙-2-基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基庚基)甲苯基三唑或1-(1-环己氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑。
8.根据权利要求1的组合物,包含
至少一种选自2,6-二叔丁基酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯和四-(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)-丙酰氧基甲基)甲烷的位阻酚类抗氧化剂和
至少一种选自1-(二-异辛基氨基甲基)-1,2,4-三唑、1-(二-(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基)1,2,4-三唑、1-(2-甲氧基丙-2-基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基丙基)甲苯基三唑、1-(1-环己氧基庚基)甲苯基三唑和1-(1-环己氧基丁基)甲苯基三唑的三唑金属钝化剂。
9.根据权利要求1的组合物,进一步包含一种或多种选自3-芳基苯并呋喃酮稳定剂和位阻胺光稳定剂的稳定剂。
10.将生物柴油燃料稳定化以对抗热、光、氧和金属的有害作用的方法,该方法包括向生物柴油燃料中掺入下列材料的有效稳定化量的组合:
i)至少一种选自位阻酚类抗氧化剂的化合物和
ii)至少一种选自三唑金属钝化剂的化合物。
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CN106414676A (zh) * | 2014-01-17 | 2017-02-15 | 朗盛德国有限责任公司 | 氧化稳定的生物柴油 |
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CN101619246B (zh) * | 2008-06-30 | 2013-11-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 柴油组合物以及酚酰胺和/或酚酯作为抗氧剂的用途 |
FR2934276B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-25 | 2012-12-21 | Total France | Additif pour combustible liquide, combustible liquide le contenant et son utilisation pour les appareils de production d'energie et/ou de chauffage et/ou de cuisson |
EP2342311B1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2016-03-09 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | Method for improving the oxidation stability of biodiesel as measured by the rancimat test |
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US8680029B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2014-03-25 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Lubricating oil compositions for biodiesel fueled engines |
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CN102585937A (zh) * | 2012-02-03 | 2012-07-18 | 临沂实能德环保燃料化工有限责任公司 | 一种应用于生物柴油的复合添加剂 |
CN102585937B (zh) * | 2012-02-03 | 2015-02-11 | 临沂实能德环保燃料化工有限责任公司 | 一种应用于生物柴油的复合添加剂 |
CN106414676A (zh) * | 2014-01-17 | 2017-02-15 | 朗盛德国有限责任公司 | 氧化稳定的生物柴油 |
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EP2087074A1 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
KR20090089851A (ko) | 2009-08-24 |
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