CN101519634B - Open type biological reactor for microalgae cultivation and microalgae cultivation method - Google Patents
Open type biological reactor for microalgae cultivation and microalgae cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101519634B CN101519634B CN2009101061995A CN200910106199A CN101519634B CN 101519634 B CN101519634 B CN 101519634B CN 2009101061995 A CN2009101061995 A CN 2009101061995A CN 200910106199 A CN200910106199 A CN 200910106199A CN 101519634 B CN101519634 B CN 101519634B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open type biological reactor for microalgae cultivation and a microalgae cultivation method. The open type biological reactor comprises a reactor (1) arranged outside a room, a gas-liquid mass transfer device (2), a microalgae acquisition system (4) and a microalgae liquid return-flow system (5), wherein the reactor (1) is in a flat plate shape, microalgae liquid which carries out gas-liquid exchange with carbon dioxide is delivered to the upstream end of the reactor (1) to keep smooth flow towards a downstream end so as to enable microalgae to grow along the flow direction of the reactor (1), when the microalgae liquid reaches the downstream end of the reactor (1) and microalgae bodies achieve required concentration, the microalgae are acquired and separated by the microalgae acquisition system (4), when the microalgae bodies can not achieve the required concentration, and the microalgae liquid is delivered back to the gas-liquid mass transfer device (2) by the microalgae liquid return-flow system (5). The open type biological reactor for microalgae cultivation and the microalgae cultivation method not only have low cost and easy maintenance but also have different pollutions of special microalgae due to foreign microalgae and high carbon dioxide usage factor, thereby being suitable for large-scale and low-cost microalgae cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reactor drum that a kind of both culturing microalgae uses and the cultural method of using this reactor drum, relate in particular to a kind of bio-reactor and cultural method thereof that is used for the little algae of outdoor breeding.
Background technology
Traditional both culturing microalgae reactor drum mainly contains two types: closed reactor and open reactive device.Closed reactor mainly contains several types such as tubular reactor, two vertical plates formula reactor drum, bag reactor and stirring tank formula; Closed reactor is difficult for polluting in breeding process, and frond concentration is high in the water body, and the both culturing microalgae process is easy to control; But also there is following deficiency in closed reactor: 1, because algae liquid receives illumination effect; Absorb a large amount of heats, cause the inside reactor temperature to rise, so breeding process needs a large amount of heat-exchange equipments; 2, closed reactor need install the artificial lighting system additional usually, thereby has increased energy consumption; 3, the closed reactor inwall pollutes easily, and easy to clean is not difficult to realize the serialization of both culturing microalgae; 4, complex structure amplifies difficulty relatively; 5, equipment manufacturing cost is expensive, safeguards and the process cost height.And traditional open formula reactor drum mainly is a runway pond reactor drum; Be characterized in the reactor water placing flat; Nutrient solution mainly leans on the rotation of paddle wheel or pivot arm to realize circulation; It is cheap, and care and maintenance is easy, but exist in the breeding process be prone to by alien species such as zooplankton, other little algaes pollute, shortcoming such as frond concentration is lower, the carbonic acid gas utilization ratio is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of open type biological reactor and cultural method thereof that is used for both culturing microalgae; Utilize the algae kind of growth fast to solve in the traditional open formula reactor culturing problems such as the algae kind is prone to pollute, the carbonic acid gas utilization ratio is low; Realize the continuous or semi continuous operation of both culturing microalgae, and be fit to extensive, low-cost cultivating microalgae.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing is, manufactures and designs a kind of open type biological reactor that is used for both culturing microalgae, comprises being arranged at outdoor reactor drum; Comprise in addition:
The gas-liquid mass transfer device, its input aperture is connected with algae liquid transfer lime to realize the gas-liquid exchange of algae liquid and carbonic acid gas with the carbonic acid gas transfer lime, and its delivery port connects said reactor drum upstream extremity;
The microalgae harvesting system is connected in the downstream end of said reactor drum, is used for when frond concentration reaches requirement results and separates little algae, makes to keep optimum growh density in the reactor drum;
Algae liquid return-flow system, its input aperture connects the downstream end of said reactor drum, and its delivery port connects said gas-liquid mass transfer device, is used for when frond concentration reaches requirement, its conveying not being back to said gas-liquid mass transfer device;
Said reactor drum is tabular; Warp flows with the upstream extremity downstream end held stationary that the algae liquid of carbonic acid gas gas-liquid exchange is imported said reactor drum; Little algae grows along the reactor flow direction in this process; After arriving the reactor downstream end, when frond meets the requirements of concentration, separate little algae through said microalgae harvesting system results, when frond does not meet the requirements of concentration through said algae liquid return-flow system be delivered to said gas-liquid mass transfer device and with return said reactor drum again after fresh algae liquid mixes.
Said reactor drum is obliquely installed the algae liquid that makes in it and forms smooth flow, and the angle between said reactor drum bottom surface and the horizontal plane is the scope of 0 to 1 degree.Perhaps, be provided with the fluid formation device that helps in said reactor drum, form smooth flow, it is hydrodynamic equipment that this laminar flow forms device.
Be provided with the pH electrode and the carbon dioxide indicator of measuring gas concentration lwevel of measuring algae liquid pH value in the said gas-liquid mass transfer device; Be respectively equipped with the big mini controller of flow on said carbonic acid gas transfer lime and the algae liquid transfer lime, be used for controlling the algae liquid imported and the flow of carbonic acid gas respectively according to the algae liquid pH value that detects and gas concentration lwevel.
Said reactor drum upstream extremity can make the algae kind more even distribution of inside reactor along evenly being provided with a plurality of weirs perpendicular to flow direction.
Said reactor downstream end is along the overflow weir that is provided with liquid level height in the controlling reactor perpendicular to flow direction and be positioned at this overflow weir outside to load the diversion trench of the algae liquid that overflows from said overflow weir; Said microalgae harvesting system and algae liquid return-flow system are connected in this diversion trench place, also are provided with the little concentration of algae detector that is used to detect frond concentration in this diversion trench.
When weather cold perhaps was installed on the high latitude cold district, said reactor bottom can also be provided with heat-exchanger rig, made algae liquid keep certain temperature.
The both culturing microalgae method of open type biological reactor of the present invention comprises the steps:
A. fresh algae liquid and carbonic acid gas are carried out the gas-liquid exchange;
B. the algae liquid after the gas-liquid exchange is imported a upstream extremity that places outdoor flat reactor drum, and make the upstream extremity downstream end sluggish flow of algae liquid along this reactor drum, the algae kind is constantly growth in sluggish flow;
C. detect the frond concentration of said reactor downstream end;, frond concentration separates little algae of gathering in the crops this downstream end if reaching requirement; Make the frond in the reactor drum keep best stand density, if frond concentration does not reach requirement with the algae liquid of said reactor downstream end carry reflux and with the upstream extremity that gets into reactor drum after fresh algae liquid mixes once more.
Fresh algae liquid and carbonic acid gas carry out gas-liquid exchange among the said step a in the gas-liquid mass transfer device, and control through the input of controlling fresh algae liquid and carbonic acid gas that algae liquid maintenance pH value in this gas-liquid mass transfer device is 4～10, gas concentration lwevel is 0.2～1560ppm.
The flow rate control of algae liquid is at 10～40cm/s in the said reactor drum.
Among the said step c, desired frond concentration is 10 during results
5～10
8Individual/ml.
Compare with prior art, open type biological reactor and the cultural method thereof that is used for both culturing microalgae of the present invention has following advantage: (1) makes the algae kind grow along reactor axis because the flow pattern in the reactor drum adopts smooth flow; After arriving reactor bottom; Promptly reach higher concentration,, can realize continuously or semi continuous operation through the harvesting system results; And can make inside reactor keep optimum growh density, improve the frond growth velocity.(2) for the growth of being screened algae kind rapidly, use reactor drum and working method thereof involved in the present invention, can effectively avoid the severe contamination of other algae kinds, guarantee the population advantage of used algae kind in reactor drum.(3) because reactor drum has installed the gas-liquid mass transfer device additional, strengthen the utilization ratio of dioxide gas greatly, effectively reduced cost.(4) owing to adopted weir, it is more even to make that the algae kind of inside reactor is distributed in, and effectively raises the growth velocity of algae kind.(5) reactor drum involved in the present invention can be interconnection through several snubbers, and mode of connection can series, parallel and series-parallel connection, thereby effectively improve the treatment capacity and the processing efficiency of total system.(6) the present invention goes for the both culturing microalgae of cold or high latitude area owing to installed heat-exchanger rig additional.(7) used carbonic acid gas and heating can come from the waste gas of thermal power plant with waste gas among the present invention, are applicable to the off gas treatment of thermal power plant.(8) this structure of reactor is simple, and energy consumption is low, is easy to enlarge produce.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is used for the two dimensional structure synoptic diagram of the open type biological reactor of both culturing microalgae for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is used for the vertical structure synoptic diagram of the open type biological reactor of both culturing microalgae for the present invention.
Embodiment
Do further to detail below in conjunction with the most preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the open type biological reactor that is used for both culturing microalgae of the present invention comprises: reactor drum 1, gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, microalgae harvesting system 4, algae liquid return-flow system 5, little concentration of algae detector 6, pump 7 and under meter, valve etc.Wherein:
Said reactor drum 1 is tabular and is arranged at outdoor; As shown in Figure 2; Can this reactor drum 1 be obliquely installed; Angle between its bottom surface and the horizontal plane is the scope of 0 to 1 degree, specifically sets according to the needed growth time of different algae kinds, utilizes the effect of gravity to make the algae liquid in it form smooth flow; Perhaps,, form device,, make the algae liquid in this reactor drum 1 form smooth flow like hydrodynamic equipment such as impeller pumps through fluid is installed with this reactor drum 1 horizontal positioned.Like Fig. 1; Said reactor drum 1 upstream extremity is along evenly being provided with a plurality of weirs 11 perpendicular to flow direction; Its downstream end is along overflow weir 12 that is provided with liquid level height in the controlling reactor 1 perpendicular to flow direction and the diversion trench 13 that is positioned at these overflow weir 12 outsides, and said little concentration of algae detector 6 is arranged on the concentration that is used to detect frond in this diversion trench 13.
The input aperture of said gas-liquid mass transfer device 2 is connected with algae liquid transfer lime 32 with carbonic acid gas transfer lime 31, and its delivery port connects the upstream extremity of said reactor drum 1.Said carbonic acid gas transfer lime 31 is provided with flowrate control valve 93 and big mini controller such as under meter 85 flows such as grade, and said algae liquid transfer lime 32 is provided with flowrate control valve 92 and big mini controller such as under meter 84 flows such as grade.Be provided with the PH electrode 21 of measuring algae liquid pH value and the carbon dioxide indicator 22 of measuring gas concentration lwevel in the said gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, control the input of algae liquid and carbonic acid gas according to detected algae liquid pH value of coming and gas concentration lwevel and through the big mini controller of flow respectively.As shown in Figure 2; Because the lighter weight of carbonic acid gas; So the inlet of said carbonic acid gas transfer lime 31 is installed in the bottom of gas-liquid mass transfer device 2; The inlet of said algae liquid transfer lime 32 is installed in the top of gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, can makes algae liquid and carbonic acid gas in gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, realize just being delivered in the reactor drum 1 after the gas-liquid exchange more fully, can effectively improve the utilization ratio of carbonic acid gas.Said gas-liquid mass transfer device 2 can adopt the PVC material, adopts the packing tower design, and plastics line wire packing can be loaded in inside.
Said microalgae harvesting system 4 and algae liquid return-flow system 5 are connected two interfaces of a 3-way valve 91 respectively; Another interface of this 3-way valve 91 connects pump 7; The other end of this pump 7 passes through pipe connection in diversion trench 13 places of said reactor drum 1; Between pump 7 and the 3-way valve 91 under meter 81 is installed, between microalgae harvesting system 4 and the 3-way valve 91 under meter 82 is installed, between algae liquid return-flow system 5 and the 3-way valve 91 under meter 83 is installed.Effective separation method such as that said microalgae harvesting system 4 can adopt is centrifugal, micro-filtration, foam separation are isolated little algae, but are not limited to above-mentioned separation method.Said algae liquid return-flow system 5 is a fluid pipeline, and its other end connects said gas-liquid mass transfer device 2.When the frond concentration at diversion trench 13 places reaches requirement; Control said 3-way valve 91 and be communicated with microalgae harvesting system 4 to gather in the crops little algae; And when frond concentration does not reach requirement, control said 3-way valve 91 and be communicated with algae liquid return-flow system 5, algae liquid is back in the said gas-liquid mass transfer device 2 again.
In addition; When bio-reactor of the present invention at arctic weather or when being installed in the high latitude cold district; Can one heat-exchanger rig 14 be set in said reactor drum 1 bottom; This heat-exchanger rig 14 can be the waste gas heat exchange tube that links to each other with thermal power plant waste gas, makes full use of its heat energy and makes the algae liquid in the reactor drum 1 keep certain temperature.
Like Fig. 1; The length L of said reactor drum 1 and width D can be according to treatment capacity and algae kind required time of growth and concrete designs; In addition; As required, several snubbers can also be set a plurality of reactors in series, parallel connection or series-parallel connection are coupled together, thereby improve the treatment capacity and the processing efficiency of total system effectively.
The both culturing microalgae method of open type biological reactor of the present invention comprises the steps:
A. with carrying out the gas-liquid exchange in fresh algae liquid and the carbonic acid gas input gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, the input of control algae liquid and carbonic acid gas makes that the pH value of gas-liquid mass transfer device 2 interior algae liquid is 4～10, concentration of carbon dioxide is 0.2～1560ppm;
B. the algae liquid after the gas-liquid exchange is imported the upstream extremity of said reactor drum 1; Algae liquid is provided with the obliquity of reactor drum 1 or the power of PWR PLT along the upstream extremity downstream end sluggish flow of this reactor drum 1, and the flow velocity of control algae liquid is between 10～40cm/s; The algae kind is uniformly distributed in the reactor drum 1 under the effect of weir 11; The algae kind is constantly growth in sluggish flow, reaches the highest concentration when arriving downstream end, and crosses in said overflow weir 12 overflows to the said diversion trench 13;
C. detect the frond concentration in the said reactor drum 1 downstream end diversion trench 13, be pumped to microalgae harvesting system 4 if the concentration of frond reaches requirement, make the frond in the reactor drum 1 keep best stand density to separate the little algae of results; Be pumped to if the concentration of frond does not reach requirement algae liquid return-flow system 5 carry be back in the said gas-liquid mass transfer device 2 and with the upstream extremity that gets into reactor drum 1 after fresh algae liquid mixes once more.Desired frond concentration is 10 during results
5～10
8Individual/ml.
In the above-mentioned gas-liquid mass transfer device 2 in the pH value of algae liquid and gas concentration lwevel, the reactor drum 1 when the flow velocity of algae liquid and results the optimum value of desired frond concentration etc. preferably according to the algae kind of being cultured and concrete setting.Be that example describes with several types of common algae kinds below:
One, diatom Chaetoceros spp.: the pH value of algae liquid is controlled at 8.2 in the gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 26ppm, and the flow rate control of algae liquid is at 28cm/s in the reactor drum 1, and desired frond concentration is controlled at during results: 8.2 * 10
6Individual/ml;
Two, diatom Chaetoceros gracilis: the pH value of algae liquid is controlled at 8.3 in the gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 3.8ppm, and the flow rate control of algae liquid is at 30cm/s in the reactor drum 1, and desired frond concentration is controlled at during results: 1.2 * 10
7Individual/ml;
Three, chlorella Chlorella spp: the pH value of algae liquid is controlled at 8.0 in the gas-liquid mass transfer device 2, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at 38ppm, and the flow rate control of algae liquid is at 38cm/s in the reactor drum 1, and desired frond concentration is controlled at during results: 6.7 * 10
6Individual/ml;
Four, Nitzschia closterium minutissima: the pH value of algae liquid is controlled at 5.2 in the gas-liquid mass transfer device 2; Daytime, gas concentration lwevel was controlled at 400ppm; Night, gas concentration lwevel was controlled at 1200ppm, and the flow rate control of algae liquid is at 16cm/s in the reactor drum 1, and desired frond concentration is controlled at during results: 8.2 * 10
5Individual/ml.
Claims (7)
1. an open type biological reactor that is used for both culturing microalgae comprises being arranged at outdoor reactor drum (1); It is characterized in that, also comprise:
Gas-liquid mass transfer device (2), its input aperture is connected with algae liquid transfer lime (32) to realize the gas-liquid exchange of algae liquid and carbonic acid gas with carbonic acid gas transfer lime (31), and its delivery port connects said reactor drum (1) upstream extremity;
Microalgae harvesting system (4) is connected in the downstream end of said reactor drum (1), is used for when frond concentration reaches requirement results and separates little algae;
Algae liquid return-flow system (5), its input aperture connects the downstream end of said reactor drum (1), and its delivery port connects said gas-liquid mass transfer device (2), is used for when frond concentration reaches requirement, its conveying not being back to said gas-liquid mass transfer device (2);
Said reactor drum (1) is tabular; Warp flows with the upstream extremity downstream end held stationary that the algae liquid of carbonic acid gas gas-liquid exchange is imported said reactor drum (1); Little algae grows along the reactor flow direction in this process; After arriving reactor drum (1) downstream end; When frond meets the requirements of concentration, separate little algae through said microalgae harvesting system (4) results, when frond does not meet the requirements of concentration through said algae liquid return-flow system (5) be delivered to said gas-liquid mass transfer device (2) and with return said reactor drum (1) again after fresh algae liquid mixes;
Said reactor drum (1) is obliquely installed the algae liquid that makes in it and forms smooth flow, and the angle between said reactor drum (1) bottom surface and the horizontal plane is the scope of 0 to 1 degree; Perhaps, also include the fluid formation device that helps in said reactor drum (1), form smooth flow, it is hydrodynamic equipment that this fluid forms device;
Said reactor drum (1) downstream end is along the overflow weir (12) that is provided with interior the liquid level of controlling reactor (1) height perpendicular to flow direction and the diversion trench (13) that is positioned at the algae liquid that this overflow weir (12) outside overflows from said overflow weir (12) with loading; Said microalgae harvesting system (4) and algae liquid return-flow system (5) are connected in this diversion trench (13) and locate, and also are provided with the little concentration of algae detector (6) that is used to detect frond concentration in this diversion trench (13).
2. the open type biological reactor that is used for both culturing microalgae according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: be provided with the pH electrode (21) of measuring algae liquid pH value and the carbon dioxide indicator (22) of measuring gas concentration lwevel in the said gas-liquid mass transfer device (2), be respectively equipped with the big mini controller of flow on said carbonic acid gas transfer lime (31) and the algae liquid transfer lime (32).
3. the open type biological reactor that is used for both culturing microalgae according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said reactor drum (1) upstream extremity is along evenly being provided with a plurality of weirs (11) perpendicular to flow direction.
4. the open type biological reactor that is used for both culturing microalgae according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said reactor drum (1) bottom is provided with heat-exchanger rig (14).
5. the both culturing microalgae method with the described open type biological reactor of claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
A. fresh algae liquid and carbonic acid gas are carried out the gas-liquid exchange in the gas-liquid mass transfer device, and control through the input of controlling fresh algae liquid and carbonic acid gas that algae liquid maintenance pH value in this gas-liquid mass transfer device is 4～10, gas concentration lwevel is 0.2～1560ppm;
B. the algae liquid after the gas-liquid exchange is imported a upstream extremity that places outdoor flat reactor drum (1), and make the upstream extremity downstream end sluggish flow of algae liquid along this reactor drum (1), the algae kind is constantly growth in sluggish flow;
C. detect the frond concentration of said reactor drum (1) downstream end;, frond concentration separates little algae of gathering in the crops this downstream end if reaching requirement; Make the frond in the reactor drum (1) keep best stand density, if frond concentration does not reach requirement with the algae liquid of said reactor drum (1) downstream end carry reflux and with the upstream extremity that gets into reactor drum (1) after fresh algae liquid mixes once more.
6. the both culturing microalgae method of open type biological reactor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the flow rate control of the interior algae liquid of said reactor drum (1) is at 10～40cm/s.
7. the both culturing microalgae method of open type biological reactor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: among the said step c, desired frond concentration is 10 during results
5～10
8Individual/ml.
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20110287531A1 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Hazlebeck David A | Microalgae Growth Pond Design |
| CN102115714A (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-07-06 | 王兆凯 | Method for performing open cultivation of diatom by adding silicon |
| CN102559478B (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2013-08-28 | 杭州鑫伟低碳技术研发有限公司 | Controllable slope type microalgae cultivation system and microalgae cultivation method thereof |
| CN103382443A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-06 | 广西科学院 | Novel method for culturing microalgae |
| AU2012379588B2 (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2015-03-12 | Institute Of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Horizontal immersion cover type carbon supplement device and carbon supplement method used for microalgae culture in open pond |
| CN105273987A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-27 | 海南赛诺实业有限公司 | Arch-shaped closed type photobioreactor for culturing microalgae in large scale |
| CN106754290B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2021-11-02 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Multifunctional equipment for algae production |
| CN107475100A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-12-15 | 江西中藻生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of both culturing microalgae system |
| CN107815404A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-20 | 李永亮 | A kind of low energy consumption microalgae culturing device adopting and both culturing microalgae technique |
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