CN101519071A - 为混合动力系系统确定变速器输出转矩和输入加速度的优先级的方法和设备 - Google Patents

为混合动力系系统确定变速器输出转矩和输入加速度的优先级的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101519071A
CN101519071A CNA2008101898806A CN200810189880A CN101519071A CN 101519071 A CN101519071 A CN 101519071A CN A2008101898806 A CNA2008101898806 A CN A2008101898806A CN 200810189880 A CN200810189880 A CN 200810189880A CN 101519071 A CN101519071 A CN 101519071A
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input acceleration
output torque
torque
speed box
change
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CN101519071B (zh
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A·H·希普
L·A·卡明斯基
J·-J·F·萨
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/105Infinitely variable gearings of electric type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • F16H61/0403Synchronisation before shifting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50Signals to an engine or motor
    • F16H63/502Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种为混合动力系系统确定变速器输出转矩和输入加速度的优先级的方法和设备,该动力系包括电动-机械变速器,该电动-机械变速器机械地可操作地连接到适于选择性地传递机械动力至输出构件的内燃机和电机。一种用于控制该动力系的方法包括:使变速器运行于运行范围状态下,在该运行范围状态中,输入速度能独立于输出速度而运行,并且其中反作用转矩通过变速器传递。该方法进一步包括:监测影响请求输出转矩的指令;监测计算输出转矩;以及,基于所述运行范围状态下的所述变速器的运行是在瞬时运行中还是在稳定运行中,在所述变速器的输入加速度和所述变速器的输出转矩之间确定优先级。

Description

为混合动力系系统确定变速器输出转矩和输入加速度的优先级的方法和设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年11月4日申请的美国临时申请US 60/985,281的优先权,在此引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电动-机械变速器的控制系统。
背景技术
在本部分中的表述仅提供与本申请相关的背景资料而可能不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括扭矩产生装置,该装置包括内燃机和电机,其将转矩通过变速装置传输给输出构件。一种示例的动力系包括双模式、复合分解式的电动-机械变速器和输出构件,其中变速器利用输入构件从原动机功率源接收驱动转矩,其中原动机优选为内燃机。输出构件可以可操作地连接到机动车辆的传动系上以向那里传输牵引转矩。电机独立于从内燃机输入的转矩为变速器产生转矩输入,其中电机既可以作为电动机也可以作为发电机运行。电机可以将车辆动能转化为可存储在电能存储装置中的电能,其中动能通过车辆传动系传输。控制系统监测来自车辆和驾驶员的各种输入并为动力系提供可操作的控制,包括控制变速器的运行范围状态和变速,控制转矩生成装置,并且对电能存储装置和电机之间的电功率互换进行调节以控制包括转矩和旋转速度在内的变速器输出。
如上所述,为了给输出构件提供转矩,混合动力系中的变速器通过传递和操纵转矩来提供多种功能。为了提供所需要的特定功能,变速器在限定经由变速器传输的转矩的多个运行范围状态或者变速器内部配置之间进行选择。已知的变速器利用包括具有确定传动比的固定档位状态或者多个固定档位状态在内的运行范围状态。例如,为了在宽广的输出构件速度的范围内提供输出转矩,变速器可利用四个相继排列的固定档位状态,并且允许在这四个档位状态之间进行选择。附加地或可替换地,已知的变速器也允许连续可变的运行范围状态或者模式状态,例如通过使用行星齿轮组来实现,其中变速器所提供的传动比可以在一个范围内改变,从而调节由特定的一组输入所提供的输出速度和输出转矩。另外,变速器可以在空档状态下运行,也就是中止所有经由变速器而被传递的转矩。另外,变速器可以在逆向模式下运行,接收特定旋转方向的用于通常的向前运行的输入转矩,并逆转输出构件的旋转方向。通过选择不同的运行范围状态,变速器对于给定的输入可以提供一个范围的输出。
混合动力系车辆中的上述装置的运行需要管理多个转矩支承轴或用来连接至上面提到的发动机、电机以及传动系的装置。来自发动机的输入转矩和来自一个或多个电机的输入转矩可以被独立地或者组合地应用来提供输出转矩。然而,来自变速器的所需输出转矩的改变,例如由于驾驶员踏板位置的改变或者由于运行范围状态的变换所引起的改变,必须被平稳地处理。特别难以管理的是输入转矩,其被同步地施加给变速器,对于控制输入具有不同的反应时间。基于单一的控制输入,各种装置在不同的时间可以改变各自的输入转矩,从而导致通过变速器施加的总转矩的增加的突然改变。对于施加给变速器的各种输入转矩的突然的或者不协调的改变可以导致车辆的加速度或者冲击度(jerk)的显而易见的改变,这会不利地影响到车辆的驾驶性能。
处于混合驱动系统的各种上述部件之间的各种控制方案和操作性连接是已知的,控制系统必须能够使各种部件接合到变速器上以及从变速器上脱离各种部件,从而执行混合动力系系统的功能。在变速器中通过使用可选择性操作的离合器来实现接合以及脱离是已知的。离合器是本领域所熟知的用来接合以及脱离轴的装置,包括管理轴之间的转速和转矩差异。为了实现车辆的适当且平稳的运行,接合或者锁定,脱离或者解锁,被接合或者被锁定操作下的运行,以及被脱离或者被解锁操作下的运行都是必须被管理的离合器状态。
离合器在多种设计和控制方法中都是已知的。一种已知的离合器类型就是通过分离或者结合两个连接表面来操作的机械式离合器,例如离合片,当被结合时,运行来在彼此之间施加摩擦转矩。一种用于操作这种机械式离合器的控制方法包括应用液压控制系统,该系统通过实施经液压管线传递的液压压力来施加或者释放两个连接表面之间的夹紧力。如此地被操作,离合器不是以二元的模式被操作,而是能具有一定范围的接合状态,也就是从完全脱离到同步但没有接合,到接合但只有最小的夹紧力,再到接合并且具有一定的最大夹紧力。施加于离合器的夹紧力决定了离合器在离合器打滑之前可以承受多大的反作用转矩。通过调节夹紧力而实现的对于离合器的各种控制允许在锁定和非锁定状态之间过渡,并且进一步允许在锁定的传动过程中管理打滑。另外,液压管线所能施加的最大夹紧力也可以根据车辆运行状态而改变,并且可以基于控制策略而被调整。
一些离合器已知被不同步地操作,并且被设计成适应在锁定状态和非锁定状态之间的过渡过程中的一定程度的打滑。其它离合器已知被同步地操作,并且被设计成匹配连接表面的速度或者在连接表面被夹紧在一起之前同步。本发明主要涉及同步离合器。
当离合器连接表面欲被同步和锁定时,无论何时只要施加在离合器上的反作用转矩超过由所施加的夹紧力产生的实际转矩容限,打滑或者离合器的连接表面之间的相对旋转运动就会发生。在变速器中出现的打滑导致变速器内的非预期的转矩控制损失,导致由变速器反扭矩(back-torque)的突然改变而引起的发动机速度控制损失和电机速度控制损失,以及导致车辆加速度的突然改变,这对于驾驶性能会产生不利影响。
变速器可以使用单个离合器在输入和输出之间传递反作用转矩。变速器也可以使用多个离合器在输入和输出之间传递反作用转矩。运行范围状态的选择取决于离合器的选择性接合,不同的容许组合导致不同的运行范围状态。
输出转矩和通过输入加速度实现的输入速度控制是动力系运行的重要特性。在这些特性冲突的情况下,尤其是根据稳定或瞬时的动力系运行条件来在这些特性间平衡或确定动力系的控制优先级的方法,是有益的。
发明内容
一种动力系包括电动-机械变速器,该电动-机械变速器被机械地且可操作地连接到适于选择性地传递机械动力至输出构件的内燃机和电机。一种用于控制动力系的方法,包括在运行范围状态下运行变速器,在所述运行范围状态下,输入速度能独立于输出速度而操作,并且反作用转矩经变速器传递。该方法进一步包括监测影响请求输出转矩的指令,监测计算输出转矩,以及基于所述运行范围状态下的所述变速器的运行是在瞬时运行中还是在稳定运行中,在所述变速器的输入加速度和所述变速器的输出转矩之间确定优先级。
附图说明
现在将参照附图,通过例子,描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本发明的包括可操作地连接到发动机和第一及第二电机的双模式、复合-分解式、电动-机械混合动力变速器的示例性动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的示例性分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图;
图3图示了根据本发明的示例性混合动力系的部件对转矩请求变化的反应时间;
图4示出了根据本发明的示例性混合动力系变速器的档位过渡关系;
图5至7是根据本发明的合作完成示例性变速器换档的示例性过程;其中图5是根据本发明的在示例性的过渡解锁状态期间与离合器关联的转矩项的图示;图6是根据本发明的在示例性的过渡锁定状态期间与离合器关联的转矩项的图示;图7是根据本发明的描述变速器的示例性惯性速度阶段的项的图示;
图8是根据本发明的以表格的形式示出了用来确定惯性速度阶段时间的示例性2D查询表。
图9描述了根据本发明的被划分为三个子阶段的示例性惯性速度阶段;
图10显示了根据本发明的示例性控制系统的结构,该示例性控制系统用于在具有多个转矩生成装置的动力系系统中控制和管理转矩和功率流且以可执行算法和校准的形式常驻于控制模块中。
图11是根据本发明举例说明执行换档过程中的数据流的示意图,该图更加详细地描述了图10所示控制系统结构的示例性执行的更多细节;
图12是根据本发明举例说明通过控制系统的数据流,确定在瞬时EVT模式期间的输入加速度曲线的示意图;
图13根据本发明,图示了位于输入加速度曲线上的最小和最大输入加速度值的示例性应用;
图14根据本发明,图示了位于输入加速度曲线上的最小和最大输入加速度值的示例性应用;以及
图15根据本发明,图示了基于请求输出转矩和计算输出转矩,用以确定稳定EVT模式中的最小和最大期望输出转矩的示例性方法,该方法包括,根据脚踏板位置扩展在请求输出转矩和计算输出转矩之间的所得到的范围。
具体实施方式
现在来看附图,其中所示对象仅仅为了描述本发明的特定示例性实施例,并不用于限制保护范围。附图1和附图2表示示例的电动-机械混合动力系。根据本发明的示例电动-机械混合动力系在图1中示出,包括可操作地连接到发动机14以及第一电机56(‘MG-A’)和第二电机72(’MG-B’)的双模式、复合分解式电动-机械混合动力变速器10。发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72每一个都产生可以传输给变速器10的功率。由发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72产生并传输给变速器10的功率描述为输入转矩,本文中分别称为TI、TA和TB,而速度则分别称为NI、NA和NB
示例的发动机14包括可在多种状态下选择性地运行来通过输入轴12向变速器10传输转矩的多缸内燃机,并且既可以是电火花点火发动机,也可以是压燃发动机。发动机14包括可操作地连接到变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监测输入轴12的转速。包括转速和发动机转矩的发动机14的功率输出可与变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI不同,这是由发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上安置了转矩消耗组件引起的,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)。
示例的变速器10包括三个行星齿轮组24、26和28,以及四个可选择性地接合的转矩传输装置,即离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。在这里所述的离合器指任何类型的摩擦转矩传输装置,包括例如单一或复合盘式离合器或组件、带式离合器和制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(此后称为TCM)17控制的液压控制回路42用以控制离合器的状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括应用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括液压控制的固定装置,其可以选择性地接(ground)到变速器壳68上。离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的每一个均优选应用液压,并选择性地通过液压控制回路42接收加压液压流体。
第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流机,而各三相交流机包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)以及相应的旋转变压器80和82。每一电机的电动机定子被接到变速器壳68的外部,并且包括定子铁芯,其具有从其延伸的缠绕电线圈。第一电机56的转子由毂衬齿轮支撑,该毂衬齿轮通过第二行星齿轮组26可操作地附接到轴60。第二电机72的转子固定地附接到套管轴毂66。
每个旋转变压器80和82都优选包括可变磁阻装置,可变磁阻装置包括旋转变压器定子(未示出)和旋转变压器转子(未示出)。旋转变压器80和82被适当地定位并组装在各第一和第二电机56和72上。各旋转变压器80和82的定子被可操作地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的一个定子上。旋转变压器转子可操作地连接到相应第一和第二电机56和72的转子上。每一旋转变压器80和82被信号连接和可操作地连接到变速器功率转换器控制模块(以后称为TPIM)19,并且每一个都感测并监测旋转变压器转子相对于旋转变压器定子的旋转位置,从而监测第一和第二电机56和72的相应的转子的旋转位置。此外,来自旋转变压器80和82的信号输出被解译以分别提供第一和第二电机56和72的旋转速度,即NA和NB
变速器10包括输出构件64,例如轴,其可操作地连接到车辆(未示出)的传动系90以为例如车轮提供输出功率,其中一个车轮在图1中示出。输出功率的特征在于输出转速NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监测输出构件64的旋转速度和旋转方向。车轮93中的每一个都优选装有适于监测轮速VSS-WHL的传感器94,用以确定车速以及车轮的绝对和相对速度,从而进行制动控制、牵引力控制和车辆加速管理,其中传感器94的输出由附图2中描述的分布控制模块系统中的控制模块监测。
来自发动机14和第一、第二电机56和72的输入转矩(分别是T1、TA和TB)作为由燃油或存储在电能存储装置(此后称为ESD)74中的电势进行能量转化的结果产生。ESD74通过直流传输导体27高电压直流耦合到TPIM19上。直流传输导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常情况下,电流可以在ESD74和TPIM19之间流动。当接触器开关38打开的时候,ESD74和TPIM19之间的电流流动被中断。TPIM19通过传输导体29向第一电机56传输电能和从第一电机56接收电能,并且TPIM19类似地通过传输导体31向第二电机72传输电能和从第二电机72接收电能,以响应于对第一电机56和第二电机72发出的转矩指令达到输入转矩TA和TB。根据ESD74是充电还是放电来向ESD74传输电流或从ESD74传输电流。
TPIM19包括一对功率转换器(未示出)以及相应的电动机控制模块(未示出),该电动机控制模块被设置成从其接收转矩指令和控制转换器的状态,以提供电动机驱动或再生功能来适应所指令的电机转矩TA和TB。功率转换器包括已知的互补(complementary)三相功率电力装置,并且每一个都包括多个用于将ESD74的直流功率转换为交流功率的绝缘栅双极型晶体管(未示出),其通过高频下的切换来为第一电机56和第二电机72中的一个提供功率。绝缘栅双极型晶体管形成开关模式的功率供应,其设置为接收控制指令。对于每一三相电机的每一相位都典型地具有一对绝缘栅双极型晶体管。绝缘栅双极型晶体管的状态被控制以提供电动机驱动的机械功率再生或电功率的再生功能。三相转换器通过直流传输导体27接收或供应直流电功率,并将其变换成三相交流功率或从三相交流功率变换,此后分别通过传输导体29和31向第一和第二电机56、72传导或从第一和第二电机56、72传导以作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2是分布控制模块系统的示意性框图。此后所述的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的子集,并提供对图1所示的示例动力系的协调系统控制。分布控制模块系统将相关信息和输入合成,并执行算法来控制各种致动器来达到控制目的,其中控制目的包括与燃油经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能和硬件保护相关的目的,而硬件包括ESD74的电池和第一、第二电机56和72。分布控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(此后称为ECM)23、TCM17、电池组控制模块(此后称为BPCM)21和TPIM19。混合动力控制模块(此后称为HCP)5为ECM23、TCM17、BPCM21和TPIM19提供监督控制和协调。用户界面(UI)13可操作地连接到多个装置,通过这些装置,车辆驾驶员控制或导引电动-机械混合动力系的运行。所述多个装置包括加速踏板113(AP)、驾驶员制动踏板112(BP)、变速器档位选择器114(PRNDL)和车速导航控制器(未示出),从加速踏板113确定驾驶员转矩请求。变速器档位选择器114可具有多个非连续的位置供驾驶员选择,包括输出构件64的旋转方向以使得输出构件64可以向前和向后旋转。
前述的控制模块通过局域网(此后称为LAN)总线6与其它控制模块、传感器和致动器进行传输。LAN总线6允许在各种控制模块之间进行运行参数和致动器指令信号的状态的有序传输。使用的是面向应用的特殊传输协议。LAN总线6和适合的协议在前述控制模块和提供包括例如防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性等功能的其它控制模块之间提供鲁棒通信和多控制模块界面连接。多条通信总线可用于改进传输速度和提供一定等级的信号余裕度和完整性。在各个控制模块之间的通信也可以使用直接连接技术(direct link),例如串行外围接口(SPI)总线(未示出)实现。
HCP5为混合动力系提供监督控制,用于协调ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19和BPCM21的运行。基于各种来自用户界面13和包括ESD74的混合动力系的输入信号,HCP5生成多种指令,包括:驾驶员转矩请求(‘TO_REQ’);传送至传动系90的指令输出转矩(‘TCMD’);发动机输入转矩请求;变速器10的转矩传输离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器转矩;以及分别用于第一和第二电机56和72的转矩请求。TCM17可操作地连接到液压控制回路42并提供各种功能,包括监测各种压力传感设备(未示出)和产生并向各种螺线管(未示出)传输控制信号,从而控制液压控制回路42中的压力开关和控制阀
ECM23可操作地连接到发动机14,用以通过多条离散管线从传感器和发动机14的控制致动器获取数据,其中管线简化表示为聚集的双向接口电缆35。ECM23从HCP5接收发动机输入转矩指令。ECM23基于监测到的发动机转速和负载来及时确定在那个点提供给变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,该实际发动机输入转矩TI被传输到HCP5。ECM23监测来自转速传感器11的输入来确定传给输入轴12的发动机输入速度,该速度被译为变速器输入速度NI。ECM23监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定其它发动机运行参数的状态,包括例如:歧管压力、发动机冷却液温度、环境空气温度和环境压力。发动机负载例如可以通过歧管压力或者通过监测驾驶员对加速踏板113的输入确定得出。ECM23产生并传输指令信号以控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃油喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块,这些均未示出。
TCM17可操作地连接到变速器10并监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM17产生并传输指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM17到HCP5的输入包括每个离合器即C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的估计离合器转矩,和输出构件64的输出转速NO。其它致动器和传感器可用于从TCM17向HCP5提供附加信息以用于控制。TCM17监测来自压力开关(未示出)的输入并选择性地致动液压控制回路42的压力控制螺线管(未示出)和移位螺线管(未示出)以选择性地致动各个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75,从而如下文所述那样获得多个变速器运行范围状态。
BPCM21信号连接到传感器(未示出)以监控ESD74,包括电流和电压参数状态,以向HCP5提供表示ESD74的电池参数状态的信息。电池的参数状态优选包括电池充电状态、电池电压、电池温度和可用的电池功率,该电池功率处于PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX之间的范围。
控制模块ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19、BPCM21中的每一个优选是通用的数字计算机,其包括微处理器或中央处理器、包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)的存储介质、高速时钟、模数(A/D)电路和数模(D/A)电路、输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)以及适当的信号调节和缓冲电路。每一控制模块具有一套控制算法,包括常驻程序指令和校准,其存储在其中一个存储介质中并被执行以为每台计算机提供相应功能。在控制模块之间的信息传输优选利用LAN总线6和SPI总线实施。控制算法在预定循环期间执行以使得每一算法在每个循环内至少执行一次。存储在非易失存储器装置中的算法利用一个中央处理器执行以监测传感设备的输入,并利用预定校准执行控制和诊断程序以控制致动器的运行。循环以规律的间隔执行,例如在动力系的运行过程中每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒执行一次。可替代地,算法可以响应于事件的发生执行。
示例动力系在多个运行范围状态中的一个下选择性地运行,这些运行范围状态可利用包括发动机开状态(ON)和发动机关状态(OFF)之一的发动机状态来描述,还可以通过变速器状态来描述,变速器状态包括多个固定档位和连续可变运行模式,均在下面的表1中示出。
表1
 
描述 发动机状态 变速器运行范围状态 应用的离合器
M1_Eng_Off EVT模式1 C1 70
M1_Eng_On EVT模式1 C1 70
G1 固定传动比1 C1 70  C4 75
G2 固定传动比2 C1 70  C2 62
M2_Eng_Off EVT模式2 C2 62
M2_Eng_On EVT模式2 C2 62
G3 固定传动比3 C2 62  C4 75
G4 固定传动比4 C2 62  C3 73
每一变速器运行范围状态在表中表示,并示出了具体离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75中的哪几个被应用于各个运行范围状态。第一连续可变模式,即EVT模式1或M1仅在为了“停止(ground)”第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮构件时通过应用离合器C1 70来选择。发动机状态可以是开(‘M1_Eng_On’)或关(‘M1_Eng_Off’)中的一种。第二连续可变模式即EVT模式2或M2通过仅应用离合器C262来选择以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架。发动机状态可以是开(‘M2_Eng_On’)或关(‘M2_Eng_Off’)中的一种。为了叙述的需要,当发动机状态为关时,发动机输入转速为0转每分(RPM),即发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位运行提供变速器10的输入—输出速度即NI/NO的固定比值运行。第一固定档位运行(G1)通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选择。第二固定档位运行(G2)通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选择。第三固定档位运行(G3)通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选择。第四固定档位运行(G4)通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选择。由于行星齿轮组24、26和28的传动比降低,固定档位增加,随之输入—输出速度的固定比值也增加。第一电机56和第二电机72的旋转速度分别为NA和NB,其依赖于由离合器限定的机构的内部旋转,并与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112进行且通过用户界面13采集的驾驶员输入,HCP5和一个或更多的其他控制模块确定指令输出转矩TCMD,以满足在输出构件64处执行且传递到传动系90的驾驶员转矩请求TO_REQ。车辆的最终加速度受包括道路负载、道路坡度和车辆质量在内的其他因素影响。变速器10的运行范围状态由基于动力系的多种运行特征而确定。这包括驾驶员转矩请求,其如前述那样通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传输到用户界面13。运行范围状态可基于动力系转矩需求预测,该转矩需求由在电能生成模式或转矩生成模式下运行第一和第二电机56和72的指令产生。运行范围状态可通过最优化算法或程序确定,该最优化算法或程序例如在HCP5的混合动力策略控制模块中开始,该策略控制模块基于驾驶员的功率需求、电池的充电状态,以及发动机14和第一及第二电机56和72的能量效率来确定最优化的系统效率。控制系统基于执行的最优化程序的结果,管理来自发动机14和第一及第二电机56和72的转矩输入,并且系统效率由此被最优化以管理燃油经济性和电池充电。另外,可基于部件或系统中的故障而确定操作。HCP5监测转矩生成装置,并且确定所需的来自变速器10的功率输出,从而获得期望输出转矩以达到驾驶员的转矩请求。从以上说明中可以显见的是,ESD74和第一及第二电机56和72被电气地和可操作地耦合以实现其间的功率流。另外,发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72,以及电动-机械变速器10被机械地和可操作地耦合以在其间传输功率,从而产生流向输出构件64的功率流。
如上所述,为了保持驾驶性能而管理输出转矩在对混合动力系的控制中处于优先地位。响应于通过变速器施加的输出转矩请求的变化的任何转矩变化,都会导致施加到传动系的输出转矩的变化,由此导致车辆推进力的变化和车辆加速度的变化。转矩请求的变化可以来自:驾驶员的输入,例如与驾驶员转矩请求相关的的踏板位置;车辆中自动控制的变化,例如巡航控制或其他控制策略;或响应于环境条件的发动机变化,例如车辆经历上坡或下坡。通过控制施加到混合动力系内的变速器的多种输入转矩的变化,车辆加速度的突变可以被控制并被最小化,以减小对驾驶性能的不利影响。
如同本领域技术人员所公知的,任何控制系统都包含反应时间。动力系运行点的变化由控制信号的变化驱动,动力系运行点包括实现所要求的车辆运行所需的动力系的各种部件的速度和转矩。这些控制信号的变化作用于动力系的各种部件,并且根据这些部件各自的反应时间使它们中的每一个产生反应。应用到混合动力系则是,指示新的转矩请求的控制信号的任何变化,在每个受影响的转矩生成装置中产生反应以对各输入转矩执行所需的变化,该控制信号的变化例如是被驾驶员转矩请求的变化驱动的或是执行变速器换档所需的。从发动机供给的输入转矩的变化由设定发动机生成的转矩的发动机转矩请求控制,例如经由ECM控制。发动机内对发动机转矩请求变化的反应时间受多个因素的影响,这些因素已在本领域内公知,并且发动机运行的变化特点高度依赖于所采用的发动机的特点和所利用的燃烧模式(或多个燃烧模式)。在一些情形下,发动机对转矩请求变化的反应时间是混合动力驱动系统的部件中最长的反应时间。电机内对转矩请求变化的反应时间包括激活必要的开关、继电器或其他控制器的时间和随着应用的电功率的变化而对电机通电或者不通电的时间。
图3图示了根据本发明的示例性混合动力系的部件对转矩请求变化的反应时间。举例说明了包括发动机和两个电机的示例性混合动力系系统的部件。说明了由每个转矩生成装置产生的输入转矩的转矩请求和带来的变化。如上所述,这一数据显示出,电机快速响应转矩请求的变化,而发动机对转矩请求变化的追随则比较慢。
公开了一种方法,其中混合动力系内的发动机的反应时间和一个或多个电机的反应时间被利用,以并行控制用于控制发动机的提前即时转矩请求和用于控制电机的即时转矩请求,为了基本实现输入转矩的同时变化,通过各自的反应时间协调这些转矩请求。
如上所述,因为众所周知,来自发动机的输入转矩的变化相比于来自电机的输入转矩的变化总是有更长的反应时间,所以公开的方法的示例性实施例可以实现如上所述的使发动机和电机转矩请求的变化平行动作,包括对反应更快的装置即电动机的提前期。这一提前期可以通过建模或其他的适于精确预测发动机和电机运行的技术实验性地、经验性地、预测性地获取,并且同一混合动力系可以使用多个提前期,这取决于不同的发动机设置、条件、运行和范围,以及车况。根据本发明,可与测试数据或对装置的反应时间的估计值结合使用来计算提前期的示例性方程,包括如下的方程1:
Tlead=Tlead Reaction-TImmediate Reaction        [1]
其中Tlead等于此处所述方法中所用的提前期。这个方程假定使用了两个转矩生成装置。Tlead Reaetion代表具有较长反应时间的装置的反应时间,TImmediate Reaction代表具有较短反应时间的装置的反应时间。如果使用了不同的系统,例如,系统包括具有长提前期的发动机、具有中等提前期的第一电机和具有短提前期的第二电机,则提前期可比较所有的转矩生成装置而获得。在这一示例性系统中,如果包含所有三个转矩发生装置,两个提前期,即发动机和每个电机比较各获得一个提前期,将被用来同步每个装置的响应。同一系统在不同时刻可以在发动机关闭并从变速器脱离的情况下运行,并且比较第一电机和第二电机的提前期将用来同步两个电机的响应。这样,可以获得用以协调多个转矩生成装置之间的反应时间的提前期。
一种为了使输出转矩响应于发动机转矩即时请求的变化发生基本同步的变化而利用提前期来执行不同转矩生成装置的并行转矩请求的示例性方法,包括:向发动机转矩即时请求发出基本即时的变化;在发动机内部建立对新的发动机输出转矩的变化。为了将总输入转矩的所需一部分提供给变速器以推动车辆,这一新的发动机输出转矩连同电动机运行状态,仍旧由HCP管理。从发动机转矩即时请求发生变化这一点开始,考虑到上述的发动机和电机之间在反应时间上的差别,提前期终止。在提前期之后,为了满足驾驶员转矩请求的一部分,发到电机或多个电机的、由HCP管理的转矩请求的变化被执行,并且电机改变电机运行状态,如上所述,由发动机和电机提供的输入转矩的变化基本同时改变。
如以上已公开的方法所述,发动机转矩即时请求和对电机的转矩请求被公开用于控制对驾驶员转矩请求的变化有不同反应时间的不同转矩生成装置。驾驶员转矩请求的变化可包括在特定的变速器运行范围状态下期望输出转矩的简单变化,或者包括连同不同运行范围状态之间的变速器换档一起需要的驾驶员转矩请求。和变速器换档连同的驾驶员转矩请求的变化比包含在单个运行范围状态中的变化更为复杂,因为如前所述,为了将施加的转矩从第一离合器过渡到之前未应用的第二离合器而不发生滑动,混合动力系的多个部件的转矩和轴速度必须得到管理。
变速器—例如图1所示的示例性变速器—中的换档,经常牵涉到卸载第一离合器、经惯性速度阶段状态过渡、以及接下来加载第二离合器。在传统地仅仅利用发动机提供动力的车辆的变速器中,变速器从一个固定档位状态到另一个固定档位状态的变速中的变化经常包括卸载第一离合器、允许车辆短暂滑行,以及之后加载第二离合器。然而,如图1和以上的表1所述,混合动力系的变速器中的离合器经常成对或成组应用,并且变速器的换挡可仅仅牵涉到卸载所应用的离合器之一,并随后加载另一个离合器,同时在换挡的整个过程中保持第三离合器的接合。图4体现了根据本发明的特别如图1和表1中的示例性实施例中所描述的示例性混合动力系中的变速器的传档位过渡关系。NI相对于NO作图。在任何固定档位状态,NO都由相应的沿着固定档位状态线的NI来确定。在EVT模式1或EVT模式2下的运行可以在图上所示的相应区域中发生,在EVT模式1或EVT模式2中使用了连续可变的传动比以从固定的输入速度提供动力。如图1的示例性实施例中所述的离合器C1-C4的状态在表1中被描述。例如,在第二固定档位状态下的运行需要应用或加载离合器C1和C2,并且不用或不加载离合器C3和C4。同时图4描述了在图1所示的示例性动力系中可能的档位过渡,本领域技术人员可以理解的是,这种对档位过渡的描述对混合动力系的任何变速器都是可能的,并且本发明不限于此处描述的特定的实施例。
图4可描述在前述的固定档位状态或EVT模式下的示例性系统的运行,并且也可用来描述多个变速器运行范围状态之间的换挡过渡。图上的区域和线条描述了过渡期间的运行范围状态的运行。例如,EVT模式区域内的固定档位状态之间的过渡需要在固定档位状态之间的EVT模式下进行瞬时运行。相似地,从EVT模式1到EVT模式2的过渡需要经位于两个模式之间的边界的第二固定档位状态过渡。
根据图1和4及表1,进一步描述了从第三固定档位状态到第四固定档位状态的示例性变速器换挡。参照图4,开始和优选运行范围状态都存在于EVT模式2的区域内。因此,从第三档位状态到第四档位状态的过渡需要首先从第三固定档位状态切换到EVT模式2,之后从EVT模式2切换到第四固定档位状态。参照表1,以第三固定档位状态开始的混合动力系变速器将应用离合器C2和C4。表1进一步描述了在EVT模式2下的运行,EVT模式2是第一次切换的目标,包括应用离合器C2。因此,从第三固定档位状态到EVT模式2的切换需要离合器C4从被应用转变到不被应用的状态,并且需要保持应用离合器C2。另外,表1描述了在第四固定档位模式下的运行,即第二次切换的目标,其中离合器C2和C3被应用。因此,从EVT模式2到第四固定档位状态的切换需要应用且加载离合器C3,并且需要保持应用离合器C2。因此,离合器C4和C3在示例性的换档过程中是过渡性的,而离合器C2是始终应用的并在整个换档事件过程中将转矩传输到传动系。
应用到此处公开的方法中则是,变速器换档过程中的输入转矩变化,可以通过基于各个部件的反应时间协调发送到各个转矩生成装置的信号指令来调节,以降低对驾驶性能的负面影响。如上所述,许多变速器换档可被分解为三个阶段:第一转矩阶段,在此期间最初应用的离合器从承载转矩、锁定及同步的离合器状态改变到未锁定及不同步的离合器状态;惯性速度阶段,在此期间,受影响的离合器未被锁定,且处于过渡状态;以及第二转矩阶段,在此期间,之前未应用的第二离合器从未锁定且未同步的离合器状态改变到承载转矩、锁定及同步的离合器状态。如前所述,优选地在整个变速器换档期间避免离合器打滑,以避免对驾驶性能的不利影响,当作用在离合器上的反作用转矩超过离合器的实际转矩容限时,会产生离合器打滑。因此,在变速器换档事件过程中,必须对与当前应用的离合器的实际转矩容限相关的输入转矩进行管理,使得变速器换档可在不发生打滑的情况下完成。
当应用一处理来按顺序执行离合器加载或卸载事件中的必要步骤时,在离合器的转矩容限被维持在超过反作用转矩的情况下,解锁过渡花费的时间对驾驶性能也很重要。因此,并行执行关联的转矩请求和离合器容限指令是有利的,这同时也用于防止打滑。这种控制变化的并行执行,优选地在尽可能短的时间跨度中发生,其中控制变化旨在实现与变速器换档相关联的离合器状态的变化。因此,如在以上的示例性实施例中所述,将变速器换档中所牵涉到的离合器的转矩容限协调成对发动机和电机的转矩请求,在整个变速器换档期间对保持驾驶性能也很重要。图5至7根据本发明,描述了多个示例性处理,它们相互结合以完成示例性变速器换档。
图5是根据本发明的在示例性的过渡解锁状态下与离合器关联的转矩项的图示。图中最左端示出的线描绘了在锁定状态下的离合器运行。图中描绘了离合器控制系统控制的离合器指令转矩和作为结果的估计转矩容限。离合器中由指令转矩引起的离合器转矩容限是许多因素的结果,这些因素包括可用的夹紧压力、离合器的设计和条件因素、离合器对离合器控制系统的变化的反应时间。如最初的锁定区域中的图的示例性数据中所表明的那样,已知的是给锁定的离合器指令一超过其离合器容限的转矩,并且允许影响该离合器的其他因素来确定最终的离合器容限。仍在描绘处于锁定状态下的离合器运行的图的最左端,描绘了作为来自发动机和电机转矩的输入转矩的结果而作用到离合器的估计反作用转矩。在标注“开始未锁定状态”的时间,离合器控制系统或TCM内的、已确定需要将离合器从锁定状态过渡到未锁定状态的逻辑操作,将指令转矩改变至低于转矩容限但仍高于当前作用到离合器的反作用转矩的某个水平。在这一点,离合器控制系统中的机构,例如,示例性液压离合器控制系统中的可变压力控制螺线管,改变设置以调节离合器中的夹紧力。因此,离合器的转矩容限开始随着应用到离合器的夹紧力变化而变化。如上所述,在反应时间内离合器就转矩指令的变化做出反应,而特定离合器的反应时间将取决于应用特点。在图5所示的示例性图中,转矩容限就转矩指令的减小做出反应且开始相应地减小。
如上所述,在同一非锁定状态期间,由输入转矩和电机转矩引起的反作用转矩也必须从离合器卸载。如果在处于非锁定状态的整个过程中反作用转矩未被保持低于转矩容限,则会导致不期望的打滑。在非锁定状态的初始时,在图5上的基本同一点处,转矩容限减小以启动非锁定状态,限制开始出现并施加于来自发动机和电机的输入转矩以实现将每个转矩降至0。如在此处公开的方法和以上描述的示例性实施例中所述,包括发动机转矩即时请求和即时转矩请求的限制的变化在协调处理中被执行,履行一提前期,该提前期被校准为各个转矩提供装置的反应时间,使得作为结果的来自这些装置的输入转矩基本同时减小。图5示出了一种通过对转矩请求施加限制来对转矩请求进行这种协调改变的方法,其中对转矩请求施加的限制是以下述两种形式:用于限制发动机转矩即时请求的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值、和用于限制对电机的转矩请求的离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值。这些最大反作用转矩值代表允许从每个转矩提供装置指令的最大转矩:实际发动机转矩即时请求和实际即时转矩请求可小于最大反作用转矩值,但是随着最大值减小,实际转矩请求值也最终减小。来自发动机和电机的输入转矩每个最高到所限定的最大值,它们一起提供总输入转矩的一部分,各自的那部分都被HCP控制。由于被校准的提前期,离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值和离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值基本同时减小作用到离合器的反作用转矩,这导致了如图5所示的实际离合器反作用转矩的减小。如同本领域技术人员可以理解的那样,还需要额外使用其他安全措施来确保在整个卸载过程中转矩容限保持超过反作用转矩。仔细考虑了许多这样的方法,可被使用的示例性项的集合如图5所示。例如,经校准补偿项可被用来确保设定离合器容限的指令保持超过实际离合器反作用转矩,直到实际转矩达到某个阈值以下。用于这一目的的示例性阈值在图5中定义为用于反作用转矩的校准阈值。在保持这一转矩容限请求大于实际离合器反作用转矩时(记住包括离合器夹紧机构在内的所有装置都对请求变化具有反应时间),响应于离合器指令变化的转矩容限变化的滞后与该补偿项一起,将使转矩容限保持超过实际离合器反作用转矩。另外,另一阈值,用于转矩估计的经校准阈值,可被用于限定该转矩阶段的端点。例如,如果离合器转矩容限的估计值在经校准时段内保持低于该阈值,则该离合器可以被确定将要处于未锁定状态,其中离合器转矩容限的估计值由算法建模离合器运行来确定。
图6是根据本发明的在示例性过渡锁定状态下与离合器关联的转矩项的图示。如上所述,在一些变速器换档事件中,第二离合器被同步且锁定,并且转矩被作用到离合器上。图中最左端示出的线表示非锁定状态下的离合器运行。锁定状态的开始需要一系列必要的从属指令以将离合器从非锁定状态过渡到锁定状态。如上文中与变速器换档中向第二转矩阶段的过渡相关地描述的那样,离合器,包括与提供即将到来的转矩的轴连接的轴以及与输出构件连接的的轴,必须被同步。一旦附接于这些轴的离合器连接表面已变薄并以相同的转速运动,夹紧力便可开始作用到离合器上,以将离合器引入锁定状态并开始增加离合器的转矩容限。如上文中关于避免在转矩阶段打滑的叙述所示,离合器容限必须在离合器的反作用转矩能被增加之前增加。为了使由离合器上的反作用转矩引起的输入转矩能够尽快地应用,可以预先下达指令使离合器容限增加,以实现离合器容限的初始增加与离合器达到锁定状态同时发生。通过以此处公开的方法利用提前期来顾及反应时间,能以短暂的滞后及时指令反作用转矩以追随增加的离合器转矩容限。本方法的示例性实施例,与如图5所述的向转矩请求施加限制的做法相反,根据经校准斜坡率(ramp rate)向可发送到发动机和电机的转矩请求施加限制,该斜坡率被选择以避免打滑。如图6所示,作为对电机转矩请求的限制起作用的离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值,在经校准提前期之后,从作为对发动机转矩请求的限制而起作用的增加的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值的初始值起增加。根据此处公开的方法,通过利用提前期,来自发动机和电机的输入转矩的增加使作用到离合器上的反作用转矩基本同时增加。随着对转矩生成装置的限制根据应用于每个限制的经校准斜坡率而被撤销,HCP可以向发动机和电机下达指令以满足离合器所需的反作用转矩的一部分,每个最高达其最大值。这样,对发动机和电机的转矩请求被协调以补偿反应时间,来在换挡事件期间使来自每个装置的输入转矩基本同时增加。
在以上示例性变速器换档中所使用的经校准斜坡率是选定值,其可以快速地将输入转矩水平调节至期望范围,但同时也保持低于离合器的转矩容限以避免打滑。斜坡率可以通过建模或其他适于精确预测发动机和电机运行的技术实验性地、经验性地、预测性地获得,并且同一混合动力系可使用多个斜坡率,这取决于不同的发动机设置、条件或运行范围和控制离合器转矩容限的控制系统的性状。在解锁事件中用于降低输入转矩的斜坡率,可以但无需与在锁定事件中用于增加输入转矩的斜坡率相反。类似地,用于协调输入转矩的提前期,可以但无需与在两种变速器过渡状态下使用的时间跨度值相同,并且可根据车辆及其部件的具体特性而变化。
如上所述,在变速器换档期间,例如,在如上所述的示例性变速器中定义的两个固定档位状态之间,变速器经过第一转矩阶段和第二转矩阶段之间的惯性速度阶段。在这个惯性速度阶段,原先应用的离合器和将要应用的离合器处于非锁定状态,并且输入构件开始以变得未同步之前由第一离合器享有的转速旋转。为了在第二转矩阶段实现将要应用和加载的第二离合器内的同步化,待连接到第二离合器的输入构件必须改变NI来匹配以某个新的传动比经变速器附接的传动系。在本领域内已知有许多完成这一同步化的方法。然而,在混合动力系的变速器的换档过程中,换档通常发生在这样的运行范围状态下:至少一个离合器仍被应用而另一离合器处于惯性速度阶段。这意味着,对各个转矩生成装置所需的用于使第二离合器的输入速度和输出速度同步的变化,依然通过仍在应用的离合器来影响惯性速度阶段的车辆性能。因此,此处描述的利用提前期来实现输入转矩基本同时变化的方法,还可以在驾驶性能上表现出优点,并且可在整个惯性速度阶段中被继续使用。
图7示出了根据本发明在变速器换档的惯性速度阶段完成这一同步化的示例性方法。变速器换档对描述换档过程的两个项的影响,以公用时间轴在两个区域进行描述。上方的区域描绘了NI,最初经最初应用的第一离合器连接。上方的虚线代表在换档开始之前、第一离合器处于锁定状态时NI的速度曲线。下方的虚线代表为使输入速度与第二离合器的输出速度同步NI所必须达到的速度曲线。两条虚线之间的过渡线代表输入速度为了完成换档所必须发生的变化。图7的下方区域描绘了输入加速度(NI_DOT),或NI关于时间的导数。在这种情况下,NI_DOT被描述为即时输入加速度曲线、或由一个或多个电机以相对快速的反应时间驱动的加速度曲线,并且该项紧密追随实际的NI_DOT。即时输入加速度显示了为了将NI从处于与第一离合器同步的状态下的初始NI过渡到处于与第二离合器同步的状态下的目标输入速度所必须完成的速率变化。初始的平台部分描述了在换档开始之前输入速度增加的加速度,,并且该恒定值反映了在图7上方区域的左边部分中输入速度的斜率。在换档开始的时刻,基于例如踏板位置等驾驶员输入和变速器控制系统内的包括确定优选运行范围状态的算法,来确定为实现同步化所需的目标输入速度和为完成换档所需的目标输入加速度曲线。在换档完成后计算的用来支持目标加速度率的输入加速度率,可被称作提前预测输入加速度并且描述在惯性速度阶段完成之后需要存在的NI_DOT。提前即时输入加速度,可以通过考虑了驾驶员请求转矩、正要过渡到的优选运行范围状态和其他相关变量这些因素的算法进行预测。这是因为,如图7的上方区域所描述的,NI必须在惯性速度阶段中变化以完成换档,并且由于NI_DOT描述了NI的变化率,在惯性速度阶段被控制的装置的NI_DOT必须反映在惯性速度阶段中所要完成的输入速度变化。在图7中显示的示例性数据中,其中输入速度需要被减小以完成变速器换档,该装置的NI_DOT必须变成代表NI变化的负值。一旦NI已减小至能够过渡到同步输入速度和输出速度所需的目标输入速度的水平,NI_DOT变化以匹配提前预测输入加速度。这样,NI和NI_DOT可在惯性速度阶段中被控制,以匹配目标输入速度和为实现平稳的变速器换档所需的目标输入加速度。
如上所述,混合动力系中的变速器的变速器换档需要在运行范围状态之间过渡,在该过渡期间,必须如上所述在至少一个离合器仍旧被应用而从转矩生成装置向传动系传递转矩的同时,完成惯性速度阶段。由对多个转矩生成装置的转矩请求驱动的输入转矩的变化,必须完成所需的NI和NI_DOT变化,并且在整个惯性速度阶段保持驾驶性能。因此,此处描述的利用提前期来实现输入转矩基本同时变化的示例性方法,可在惯性速度阶段使用以实现对多个转矩生成装置的转矩请求的变化,来实现输入转矩的基本同时的变化。图7示出了协调转矩生成装置的反应时间和为了提高在变速器换档过程中的驾驶性能而被校准为相关反应时间之差的提前期。如上所述的发动机,在转矩生成装置中具有较长的反应时间。为了将NI和NI_DOT尽快调节到用于换档的目标速度值和加速度值,通过算法来预测提前即时输入加速度。该提前即时输入加速度包括发动机对转矩请求变化的反应时间,并描绘了提前装置的NI和NI_DOT为达到目标值可完成的最快变化的曲线。NI的这一快速变化必须包括前述的发动机对转矩请求变化的反应时间和发动机通过提前即时输入加速度进行加速或减速所耗费的时间。如图7所表示的,预计到即将进行换档时,提前即时输入加速度可以凭对惯性速度阶段的预期向发动机发出必要的指令,所导致的来自发动机的输入转矩将稍后才开始降低,这是由于发动机的反应时间相对较长。一旦提前即时输入加速度已被确定,通过提前期追随提前即时输入加速度且如上所述被校准为反应时间的即时输入加速度,可被用来控制电机以在和发动机响应的基本相同的时刻来匹配NI和NI_DOT的变化。这样,发动机和电机在影响目标输入速度和目标加速度方面被基本同步化。
以上方法描述了转矩管理过程,其是对正值进行比较。本领域技术人员可以理解的是,离合器转矩被描述为正转矩和负转矩,表示被应用在一个旋转方向或另一个旋转方向上的转矩。以上的方法既可用于正转矩应用,也可用于负转矩应用,其中转矩的大小以如下方式被调整,即,被应用的反作用转矩的大小不超过特定离合器的转矩容限的大小。
基于加速踏板位置和初始速度增量(delta)设置总的期望速度阶段时间的示例性方法,包括使用经校准的2D查询表。图8以表格形式示出了根据本发明用来确定确定惯性速度阶段时间的示例性2D查询表。加速踏板位置和初始NI增量允许进行如上所述NI所需变化的预测,接着,允许估计惯性速度阶段的时间。基于给定的输入,可估计出惯性速度阶段时间的估计值。查询表中的初始NI增量的值可跨越正值和负值,根据升档和降档考虑不同的校准。
一旦处于惯性速度阶段初始的NI的性状、基于所需运行范围状态的目标NI的性状和总的期望速度阶段时间被确定,就可以描述通过即时输入加速度曲线描述的过渡。如基于任何NI值与时间的比较可以理解的是,如通过图7的NI部分中的虚线所描述的,惯性速度阶段的NI曲线可能呈S形,该曲线具有瞬时的从初始NI和NI_DOT值开始过渡的子阶段、过渡到目标NI和NI_DOT值的子阶段、和连接这两个子阶段之间的中间子阶段,在NI值与时间的比较中,不同的运行范围状态具有不同的基于NO的NI预测。通过将惯性速度阶段划分为三个子阶段,可以描述止于即时输入加速度曲线的必要过渡。图9根据本发明,描述了被划分为三个子阶段的示例性惯性速度阶段。子阶段1描述了始于初始NI和NI_DOT值的过渡。用于子阶段1或第一阶段的时间T1可通过以下方程计算:
T1=K1 *总的期望速度阶段时间    [2]
其中K1是0和1之间的用于描述所期望的NI性状的校准。K1可为一变量,通过描述所期望的换档特性的动力系运行背景的指示设置,或者K1可为一固定的校准值。子阶段3描述了到目标NI和NI_DOT值的过渡。用于子阶段3或第三阶段的时间T3可通过以下方程计算:
T3=K3 *总的期望速度阶段时间    [3]
其中K3是0和1之间的用于描述所期望的NI性状的校准,并且可以通过类似于K1的方法来设置。子阶段2描述了子阶段1和3之间的过渡。时间T2或第二阶段,是定义T1和T3之后设置的总的期望速度阶段时间的剩余部分,可通过以下方程计算:
T2=总的期望速度阶段时间—T1—T3      [4]
子阶段2在图15的示例性数据中被表示为直线。可以理解的是,根据总的期望速度阶段时间和示例性动力系的性状,可在子阶段2的区域中限定出曲线过渡。然而,所描绘的直线是优选的。子阶段2中的NI曲线的斜率描述的是为了在总的期望速度阶段时间内完成所期望的惯性速度阶段而必须达到的峰值速度阶段输入加速度。在一示例性方法中,在子阶段2期间NI_DOT是恒定值,这一峰值速度阶段输入加速度可通过以下方程计算:
K α = 1 1 - K 1 2 - K 3 2 - - - [ 6 ]
K β = K α * K 1 2 - - - [ 7 ]
通过描述惯性速度阶段各时期所需的NI_DOT的性状,可限定即时输入加速度曲线以在惯性速度阶段施行NI变化。
如上所述,发动机中对控制指令的反应时间相对于动力系的其他部件的反应时间来说往往较慢。结果,同时发出到发动机及即时输入加速度曲线的发动机指令会包括由此导致的NI变化的滞后。作为替代,还公开了一种方法,其中提前即时输入加速度曲线基于描述发动机反应时间的提前期而定义。这一提前期可以是和以上方程1所计算的同样的提前期,或者可以基于惯性速度阶段中发动机的具体性状而独立计算。例如,因为在NI_DOT中没有直接牵涉到电机运行,所以用于提前即时输入加速度曲线的提前期可包括一用于电机的因素,该因素帮助NI_DOT变化得比发动机在孤立状态下变化更快。如图7所示的提前即时输入加速度曲线包括惯性速度阶段开始之前的提前曲线的一部分。从固定档位状态换档时,在换档开始之后,必然在正断开离合器中发生解锁事件,这种情况下,解锁事件发生期间的时间段提供了一时段,在这个时段内,指令可在所需的NI变化前被发送到发动机。根据上述的决定,惯性速度阶段之前的这一提前对保持惯性速度阶段至总的期望速度阶段时间是有利的。在没有提前期或可获得的用以允许提前即时输入加速度曲线以实现发动机根据即时输入加速度曲线变化的提前期不足的情况下,可对惯性速度阶段作调整以补偿发动机的反应时间和所导致的NI变化的滞后。不可能有提前期的情况包括从示例性的EVT模式开始的换档,其中初始时仅仅一个离合器被接合,并且惯性速度阶段可在指令下即刻启动。在这样的情况下,根据已确定的提前期,惯性速度阶段的开始可被延迟到指令被发到发动机之后。
图10显示了用于控制和管理在具有多个转矩生成装置的动力系系统中的转矩和功率流的控制系统结构,参考图1和2所示的动力系系统在下面描述,该控制系统结构以可执行的算法和校准的形式常驻于前述的控制模块中。控制系统结构可被应用至任何具有多个转矩生成装置的动力系系统,例如包括具有单个电机的混合动力系系统、具有多个电机的混合动力系系统和非混合动力系系统。
图10的控制系统结构描绘了通过控制模块的相关信号流。在运行中,驾驶员对加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入被监测以确定驾驶员的转矩请求(‘To_REQ’)。发动机14和变速器10的运行被监测以确定输入速度(‘NI’)和输出速度(‘NO’)。策略优化控制方案(‘策略控制’)310基于输出速度和驾驶员转矩请求确定优选输入速度(‘NI_DES’)和优选发动机状态及变速器运行范围状态(‘期望混合动力范围状态’),并且基于混合动力系的其他运行参数进行了优化,这些运行参数包括电池功率极限和发动机10、变速器14以及第一和第二电机56和72的响应极限。策略优化控制方案310优选地通过HCP5在每100毫秒循环周期和每25毫秒循环周期期间执行。
换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘换档执行和发动机启动/停止’)320利用策略优化控制方案310的输出来指令变速器运行中的变化(‘变速器指令’),包括改变运行范围状态。如果优选的运行范围状态不同于当前的运行范围状态,那么包括通过下达改变离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75中的一个或多个的应用情况的指令及其他变速器指令,来执行运行范围状态的变化。可以确定当前运行范围状态(‘实际混合动力范围状态’)和输入速度曲线(‘NI_PROF’)。输入速度曲线是对将要发生的输入速度的估计并且优选地包含标定参数值,该标定参数值是即将来临的循环周期的目标输入速度。发动机运行指令和驾驶员转矩请求基于变速器的运行范围状态过渡期间的输入速度曲线。
战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330在一个控制循环周期内被反复执行以确定运行发动机的发动机指令(‘发动机指令’),包括基于输出速度、输入速度以及驾驶员转矩请求和变速器的当前运行范围状态而确定的从发动机14输出给变速器10的优选输入转矩。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,发动机状态包括全汽缸运行状态和汽缸失活运行状态中的一个,后者是指发动机的部分汽缸不运行且不添加燃料,发动机状态包括燃料供给状态和燃料断供状态中的一个。
在TCM 17中估计每个离合器的离合器转矩(‘TCL’),包括当前应用的离合器和未应用的离合器,在ECM 23中确定与输入构件12相作用的当前发动机输入转矩(‘TI’)。执行电动机转矩控制方案(‘输出和电动机转矩确定’)340以确定来自于动力系的优选输出转矩(‘TO_CMD’),在此实施例中其包括控制第一及第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’和‘TB’)。优选的输出转矩是基于每个离合器的估计离合器转矩、来自发动机14的当前输入转矩,当前运行范围状态、输入速度、驾驶员转矩请求以及输入速度曲线而确定的。通过TPIM 19控制第一及第二电机56和72来满足基于优选输出转矩的优选电动机转矩指令。电动机转矩控制方案340包括算法代码,其通常在6.25ms和12.5ms的循环周期内被执行以确定优选的电动机转矩指令。
图11是根据本发明,举例说明换档执行过程中的数据流的示意图,更为详细地描述例如图10所示系统等控制系统结构的示例性执行的更多细节。描述的动力系控制系统400包括几个混合动力驱动部件,包括发动机410、电机420和离合器液压装置430。描述了用以处理信息并向发动机410、电机420和离合器液压装置430发出控制指令的控制模块:策略控制模块310、换档执行模块450、离合器容限控制模块460、战术控制和运行模块330、输出和电动机转矩确定模块340和离合器控制模块490。这些控制模块可在物理上分离,可在多个不同的控制装置中被分组到一起,或者可全部在单个物理控制装置内执行。模块310,即策略控制模块,执行关于如图10所示的优选动力系运行点和优选运行范围状态的决定。模块450,即换档执行模块,从策略控制模块310和涉及换档初始的其他源接收输入。模块450处理关于当前应用到离合器的反作用转矩和将过渡到的优选运行范围状态的输入。模块450之后采用算法,确定用于换档执行的参数,包括描述转矩提供装置所需输入转矩的平衡的混合动力范围状态参数,关于为过渡至优选运行范围状态所需的目标输入速度和提前预测输入加速度的细节,如前所述的提前即时输入加速度,以及如前所述的提前即时离合器反作用转矩的最小/最大值和即时离合器反作用转矩最小/最大值。从模块450,反作用转矩参数和混合动力范围状态信息被馈送到离合器容限控制模块460,提前控制参数和信号被馈送到战术控制和运行模块330,即时控制参数和信号被馈送到输出和电动机转矩确定模块340。离合器容限控制模块460处理反作用转矩和混合动力范围状态信息,并且根据此处所述的方法生成描述离合器反作用转矩极限的逻辑,以便能够通过模块330控制发动机、通过模块340控制电机,以及通过模块490控制离合器。战术控制和运行模块330包括发出转矩请求并执行由发动机410提供的输入转矩限制的手段,并且馈送进而描述从发动机提供的到模块340的用于电机420控制的输入转矩。输出和电动机转矩确定模块340同样地接收和处理信息,以将电机转矩请求发至电机420。另外,模块340生成由离合器控制模块490使用的离合器反作用转矩指令。模块490处理来自模块340的信息,并且为了达到运行过渡所需的离合器转矩容限而发出液压指令。该数据流的特定实施例示出了一个可能的示例性过程,通过该过程,车辆转矩生成装置和相关的离合器可根据此处公开的方法而被控制。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解的是,所采用的特定处理可以变化,并且本发明不限制于此处描述的特定的示例性实施例。
当动力系在固定档位运行范围状态下运行时,NI是NO的函数。在该固定关系下,任何独立于NO的NI的主动控制都是不可能的。在NI对NO的可变关系下,例如在NO和NI可被独立控制的变速器运行范围状态下,正如就以上的EVT模式I和模式II所进行的描述,NI可相比于固定的NO曲线而变化。在EVT模式下的运行可以是瞬时的,也可以稳定的。当执行了同步换档时,瞬时EVT模式运行会发生,例如在如上所述的惯性速度阶段,为了便于同步换档的目的将NI从初始速度过渡到目标速度。当动力系在经校准的最佳模式输入速度下运行或跟踪经校准的最佳模式输入速度时,发生稳定EVT模式运行。在这些EVT模式下动力系运行的优先顺序取决于运行是瞬时的还是稳定的。
如上所述,维持稳定的TO或跟踪TO_REQ对于驾驶性能是重要的。TO的中断或不稳定会导致动力系的急动运行。不能紧密跟踪TO_REQ会导致动力系性能不良。同样如上所述,NI_DOT的控制对有序且高效的变速器换档是重要的。另外,由于NI与发动机速度直接相关,NI_DOT的控制影响驾驶性能、对NI敏感的部件的保护和驾驶员的满意度。尽管根据动力系运行,TO和NI_DOT的控制有时兼容,但这两个特性的控制可以形成竞争。TO和NI_DOT可以通过以下方程与动力系的运行相关:
T O N I _ DOT = [ K 1 ] T A T B T I _ ACT N O _ DOT - - - [ 8 ]
TI_ACT是基于发动机运行确定的实际的TI。公开一种基于动力系的运行在TO和NI_DOT之间的给出优先次序的方法。
当在瞬时EVT模式下运行时,为了控制发动机在给定的期望换档时间内达到目标速度,生成输入加速度曲线。输入加速度可被优先,强调在换档事件中跟踪输入速度曲线,同时仍通过在换档中限定TO值的范围且基于TO值的范围限定输入加速度曲线来保护动力系性能。
图12是举例说明根据本发明通过控制系统确定瞬时EVT模式下的输入加速度曲线的数据流的示意图。信息流451包括换档执行模块450、输出和电动机转矩确定模块340、发动机410和电机420。关于输入和输出转矩的输入由换档执行模块450监测,并且为了执行变速器换档,确定即时输入加速度曲线。输出和电动机转矩确定模块340接收作为输入的输入加速度曲线,并且与关于TI_ACT和TO_REQ的输入一起,发出控制指令至电机420。另外,模块340提供已确定的输出转矩(‘TO_CALC’)。换档执行模块450包括输出转矩优先化模块452、输入加速度限制模块454和输入速度曲线制作模块456。TO_REQ是对换档执行模块450的输入,并且TI_ACT和TO_CALC在信息流451内被反馈到换档执行模块450。输出转矩优先化模块452监测TO_REQ和TO_CALC并且以最大期望输出转矩和最小期望输出转矩的形式输出TO值的范围。这些最小和最大期望输出转矩和TI_ACT由输入加速度限制模块454监测,并且最小和最大输入加速度被确定。这些最小和最大输入加速度被输入到输入速度曲线制作模块456,并且即时输入加速度曲线基于最小和最大输入加速度而获得。这样,TO值的范围可被限定且被用来约束输入加速度曲线。
图12的示例性信息流描述为了获得最小和最大期望输出转矩、用作对输出转矩优先化模块452的输入的TO_REQ和TO_CALC。图13根据本发明,图示了在瞬时EVT模式下用以基于TO_REQ和TO_CALC确定最小和最大期望输出转矩的示例性方法。TO_REQ被描绘成包括初始的正值转换到更小量值的负值。描述由动力系生成的已确定的实际输出转矩的TO_CALC也同样被描绘,它描述通过所描绘的时间跨度的TO。根据该示例性方法,最小和最大期望输出转矩值根据TO_REQ、TO_CALC及0中的最大值和TO_REQ、TO_CALC及0中的最小值来限定。该方法还包括可允许将转矩的可校准储备增加到最小值和最大值。对于瞬时EVT模式来说,输出转矩值的范围因此通过以下方程来表达:
TO_DESIRED_MAX=MAX(TO_REQ,TO_CALC,0)+可校准储备   [9]
TI_DESIRED_MIN=MIN(TO_REQ,TO_CALC,0)—可校准储备   [10]
基于输出转矩值的范围,如通过最小和最大期望输出转矩所表达的,对输入加速度的约束可基于NI_DOT和TO之间的关系而被确定,例如在方程8中所表达的那样。这些对基于最小和最大期望输出转矩的对输入加速度的约束可限定边界,在该边界内的输入加速度可在不引起TO超出最小和最大期望输出转矩的情况下被控制。图14根据本发明,图示了对输入加速度曲线示例性应用最小和最大输入加速度值。图14包括描述输入速度的上方区域和描述相对公用时间轴的输入加速度的下方区域。开始从一个固定档位状态向另一个固定档位状态换档。如上所述,包括在EVT模式下的瞬时运行的惯性速度阶段被用来将输入速度从由初始固定传动比限定的初始输入速度改变成由最终固定传动比和换挡时间限定的目标输入速度。为了在输入速度中产生必要的转换,获得即时输入加速度曲线。最小和最大输入加速度曲线在图的下方区域中描绘,描述了根据此处所述的方法而向输入加速度施加的约束。当例如示例性图中的最小输入加速度曲线等的约束与预期的即时输入加速度曲线相互作用时,即时输入加速度根据该约束被修改。如在图的上方区域所描绘的,输入加速度的这一变化改变了正常的“S形”输入速度曲线,导致了输入速度变化上的滞后。结果,基于由NO随换挡时间的增加而发生的变化所引起的目标速度的变化,必须调节即时输入加速度曲线以进行补偿。换档时间,特别是与上述时间T2有关的输入加速度曲线的水平部延长了,使得向新的目标速度的过渡可被恢复。这样,可基于最小和最大期望输入转矩而施加对输入加速度的约束,允许制定(enact)优先的输入加速度曲线,同时在换档过程中保护特定范围的TO值。
相反,当传动系根据示例性控制方法在稳定EVT模式下运行时,NI优选地保持在最佳输入速度或追踪到最佳输入速度。然而,在稳定EVT模式条件下运行、基于TO_REQ传递TO,可在合理的限制内优先于将NI保持在最佳输入速度。图12的示例性信息流可在稳定EVT模式中被用来利用TO值的范围确定输入加速度曲线。在稳定EVT模式和瞬时EVT模式中处理的差别在于对信息流中的TO值范围的限定,例如,在示例性模块452中发生的处理。如上所述,描述的用于瞬时EVT模式的TO值范围包括最小和最大期望输出转矩,包含例如可能用于限定范围边界的TO_REQ、TO_CALC和0。TO的宽广范围导致了适于所得的最小和最大输入加速度值之间的输入加速度值的宽广范围。对于稳定EVT模式,取而代之描述的是TO的范围,包括仅仅基于TO_REQ和TO_CALC的最小和最大期望输出转矩值。例如,高于和低于由TO_REQ和TO_CALC设置的范围的、TO_REQ和TO_CALC之间的空间和可校准储备,可限定用于设置输入加速度约束的TO植的范围。相比于为包括零转矩水平的瞬时EVT模式限定的范围,获得更窄的TO值范围,这导致获得更窄的最小和最大输入加速度值。当稳定EVT模式下的输入速度和输入加速度保持配置成用于EVT模式的经校准最佳输入速度时,为了使TO优先,与最小和最大输入加速度的相互作用可以将输入速度从最佳输入速度移开。如上所述,为了使TO优先,NI和NI_DOT可以此方式偏离于最佳输入速度,但可对NI强加合理偏差的测量。例如,可采用高于和低于最佳输入速度的允许输入速度带。可选择地,EVT模式下的最小和最大输入速度可基于在那个EVT模式下的优先运行而强加。另外,可限定静态的最小和最大输入加速度限制,以描述有多少输入加速度可基于TO而改变,限制可有多少输入速度和输入加速度为了优先TO而被牺牲。
上述限定用于稳定EVT模式中的TO值范围的示例性方法限定了基于TO_REQ和TO_CALC的带。然而,本领域普通技术人员可以理解的是在驾驶情况下TO会随脚踏板位置变化。脚踏板位置被压下去越多,则表示对动力系运行变化有更大的期望。结果,可预见地需要输入加速度项的更广范围,以支持对动力系运行变化的更大期望。响应于脚踏板位置的更广范围的TO值是有利的,该更广范围的TO值生成在最小和最大输入加速度之间的容许输入加速度值的更广范围。这一结果可通过基于脚踏板位置扩展TO值的范围而实现。这一扩展例如可通过基于脚踏板位置从TO_REQ调整或扩大TO_CALC而完成。另外,TO值范围的扩展可通过扩大附加到由TO_REQ和TO_CALC设置的范围的经校准储备而完成。用于稳定EVT模式的最小和最大期望输出转矩值,包括根据脚踏板位置扩展所得到的范围的项,可通过以下的方程来表达:
TO_MAX_DESIRED=MAX(TO_REQ,(TO_CALC *可校准标定))
           +可校准储备                          [11]
TO_MIN_DESIRED=MIN(TO_REQ,(TO_CALC *可校准标定))
          一可校准储备                           [12]
可校准标定=f(脚踏板位置)                       [13]
可校准储备=f(脚踏板位置)                       [14]
图15图示了根据本发明而基于TO_REQ和TO_CALC确定稳定EVT模式下的最小和最大期望输出转矩的示例性方法,包括根据脚踏板位置,扩展在TO_REQ和TO_CALC之间所得到的范围。该图包括描绘了转矩项的上方区域,以及描绘了加速踏板位置的下方区域,均对公用的时间轴描绘。描绘的TO_REQ和TO_CALC表现了整个时间轴的转矩请求和所得到的输出转矩。如上所述,TO值的范围被限定为包括TO_REQ和TO_CALC之间的范围和高于和低于TO_REQ和TO_CALC的可校准储备。当踏板位置在0时,由TO_REQ和TO_CALC限定的TO值的所得到范围和可校准储备不受影响。然而,加速踏板被压下时,TO_CALC和可校准储备都被调整以扩展TO值的范围。所得到的最小和最大输入加速度值将相应地包括它们之间的输入加速度值的更广范围。这样,可以确定基于脚踏板位置并可被用来限定输入加速度约束的TO值范围的扩展。
可以理解的是,允许在本发明的范围内作出修改。本发明已参考特定的优选实施例及其修改进行了描述。进一步的修改和变型可在阅读并理解说明书的基础上发生。所有落入本发明的范围的修改和变型均被包含在内。

Claims (20)

1、一种用于控制动力系的方法,该动力系包括电动-机械变速器,该电动-机械变速器被机械地和可操作地连接到内燃机和电机,该内燃机和电机适于选择性地传递机械动力至输出构件,该方法包括:
在运行范围状态下运行所述变速器,在该运行范围状态中,输入速度能独立于输出速度运行并且反作用转矩通过所述变速器传递;
监测影响请求输出转矩的指令;
监测计算输出转矩;以及
基于所述运行范围状态下的所述变速器的所述运行是在瞬时运行中还是在稳定运行中,在所述变速器的输入加速度和所述变速器的输出转矩之间确定优先级。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在所述变速器的所述输入加速度和所述变速器的所述输出转矩之间确定优先级包括:
当所述运行范围状态包括瞬时运行时,基于所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和零转矩,使所述输入加速度优先于所述输出转矩。
3、如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,使所述变速器的所述输入加速度优先于所述变速器的所述输出转矩包括:
确定跨所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和所述零转矩的输出转矩范围;
基于所述输出转矩范围确定最小输入加速度和最大输入加速度;以及
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,控制所述动力系。
4、如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度控制所述动力系包括:
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,确定输入加速度曲线;以及
基于所述输入加速度曲线,控制所述动力系。
5、如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,使所述变速器的所述输入加速度优先于所述变速器的所述输出转矩包括:
确定跨所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和所述零转矩的输出转矩范围,在所述输出转矩范围的两端包括可校准储备;
基于所述输出转矩范围,确定最小输入加速度和最大输入加速度;以及
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,控制所述动力系。
6、如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度控制所述动力系包括:
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,确定输入加速度曲线;以及
基于所述输入加速度曲线,控制所述动力系。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在所述变速器的所述输入加速度和所述变速器的所述输出转矩之间确定优先级包括:
当所述运行范围状态包括稳定运行时,基于所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩,使所述变速器的所述输出转矩优先于所述变速器的所述输入加速度。
8、如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,使所述变速器的所述输出转矩优先于所述变速器的所述输入加速度包括:
确定跨所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩的输出转矩范围;
基于所述输出转矩范围,确定最小输入加速度和最大输入加速度;以及
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,控制所述动力系。
9、如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度控制所述动力系包括:
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,确定输入加速度曲线;以及
基于所述输入加速度曲线,控制所述动力系。
10、如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,使所述变速器的所述输出转矩优先于所述变速器的所述输入加速度包括:
确定跨所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩的输出转矩范围,在所述输出转矩范围的两端包括可校准储备;
基于所述输出转矩范围,确定最小输入加速度和最大输入加速度;以及
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,控制所述动力系。
11、如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度控制所述动力系包括:
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,确定输入加速度曲线;以及
基于所述输入加速度曲线,控制所述动力系。
12、如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,确定输出转矩范围包括,基于加速踏板位置,标定所述可校准储备。
13、如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,确定输出转矩范围包括,基于加速踏板位置,标定所述计算输出转矩。
14、一种控制动力系的方法,该动力系包括电动-机械变速器,该电动-机械变速器被机械地和可操作地连接到内燃机和电机,该内燃机和电机适于选择性地传递机械动力至输出构件,该方法包括:
在运行范围状态下运行所述变速器,在该运行范围状态中,输入速度能独立于输出速度运行并且反作用转矩通过所述变速器传递;
监测影响请求输出转矩的指令;
监测计算输出转矩;
当所述运行范围状态包括瞬时运行时,基于所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和零转矩,使所述变速器的输入加速度优先于所述变速器的输出转矩;以及
当所述运行范围状态包括稳定运行时,基于所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩,使所述变速器的所述输出转矩优先于所述变速器的所述输入加速度。
15、一种控制动力系的设备,该动力系包括电动-机械变速器,该电动-机械变速器被机械地和可操作地连接到内燃机和电机,该内燃机和电机适于选择性地传递机械动力至输出构件,该设备包括:
所述变速器,包括在运行范围状态下运行的传动构造,在该运行范围状态中,输入速度能独立于输出速度而运行并且反作用转矩通过所述变速器传递;
换档执行模块,包括编程以监测影响请求输出转矩的指令;监测计算输出转矩;当所述运行范围状态包括瞬时运行时,基于所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和零转矩,使所述变速器的输入加速度优先于所述变速器的输出转矩;当所述运行范围状态包括稳定运行时,基于所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩,使所述变速器的所述输出转矩优先于所述变速器的所述输入加速度。
16、如权利要求15所述的设备,其中,所述编程以使所述变速器的所述输入加速度优先于所述变速器的所述输出转矩包括:编程以
确定跨所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和所述零转矩的输出转矩范围,
基于跨所述请求输出转矩、所述计算输出转矩和所述零转矩的所述输出转矩范围,确定最小输入加速度和最大输入加速度;以及
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,在包括瞬时运行的所述运行范围状态期间控制所述动力系。
17、如权利要求16所述的设备,其中,所述编程以基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度在包括瞬时运行的所述运行范围状态期间控制所述动力系包括:编程以
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,确定输入加速度曲线,以及
基于所述输入加速度曲线,控制所述动力系。
18、如权利要求15所述的设备,其中,所述编程以使所述变速器的所述输出车转巨优先于所述变速器的所述输入加速度包括:编程以
确定跨所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩的输出转矩范围,
基于跨所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩的所述输出转矩范围,确定最小输入加速度和最大输入加速度;以及
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,在包括稳定运行的所述运行范围状态期间控制所述动力系。
19、如权利要求18所述的设备,其中,所述编程以基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度在包括稳定运行的所述运行范围状态期间控制所述动力系包括:编程以
基于所述最小输入加速度和所述最大输入加速度,确定输入加速度曲线;以及
基于所述输入加速度曲线,控制所述动力系。
20、如权利要求18所述的设备,其中,所述编程以确定跨所述请求输出转矩和所述计算输出转矩的输出转矩范围包括:基于加速踏板位置调整所述计算输出转矩。
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