CN101446345B - 控制混合动力系惯性速度阶段输入速度曲线的方法与装置 - Google Patents

控制混合动力系惯性速度阶段输入速度曲线的方法与装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101446345B
CN101446345B CN200810191151.4A CN200810191151A CN101446345B CN 101446345 B CN101446345 B CN 101446345B CN 200810191151 A CN200810191151 A CN 200810191151A CN 101446345 B CN101446345 B CN 101446345B
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time
torque
motor
input
clutch
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CN101446345A (zh
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A·H·希普
L·A·卡明斯基
J·-J·F·萨
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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Abstract

控制混合动力系惯性速度阶段输入速度曲线的方法与装置。该方法包括执行换档、确定控制发动机与电机的多个输入加速度曲线、确定输入速度曲线并且基于输入速度曲线控制发动机与电机的运行。

Description

控制混合动力系惯性速度阶段输入速度曲线的方法与装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求了2007年10月29日申请的序列号为60/983,268的美国临时申请的权益,因此该申请作为参考合并在此。
技术领域
本发明涉及电-机械变速器的控制系统。
背景技术
该部分的说明仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息,并且可能不构成现有技术。
公知的动力系结构包括转矩产生装置,其包括内燃机和电机,该装置通过变速器装置将转矩传递至输出元件。一个典型动力系包括双模式、复合-分解、电-机械变速器以及输出元件,上述变速器利用输入元件接收来自主动力源,优选地为内燃机的,驱动转矩。输出元件能可操作地连接至机动车驱动系统,以便于将牵引转矩传送至驱动系统。电机,作为电动机或发电机工作,独立于内燃机的输入转矩而产生至变速器的输入转矩。电机可以通过车辆驱动系统的传递将车辆动能转换为能够存储在电能存储装置中的电能。控制系统监控各种来自车辆和操作者的输入,并且提供动力系的操作控制,包括控制变速器工作档位状态与换档、控制转矩产生装置以及调整在电能存储装置和电机之间的电力交换,以管理变速器的输出,该输出包括转矩与转速。
如上所述,为了向输出元件提供转矩,混合动力系中的变速器通过传递与操纵转矩而承担许多功能。为了满足特定需求的功能,变速器在若干工作档位状态或限定出通过变速器传递的转矩的变速器内部的结构之间选择。公知的变速器利用工作档位状态,该工作档位状态包括固定的传动状态或具有限定的传动比的状态。例如,变速器能够利用四个顺次设置的固定档位态,并且允许在四个传动状态之间选择,从而通过较大的输出元件速度范围提供输出转矩。附加地或可替换地,公知的变速器允许连续可变的工作档位状态或模式状态,还例如通过使用行星齿轮装置激活,其中,为了调整由特定输入装置提供的输出速度与输出转矩,由变速器提供的传动比可以跨档位变化。此外,变速器以空档状态工作,终止所有通过变速器传递的转矩。此外,变速器能够以反转模式工作,接收用于正常向前运行的特定旋转方向的转矩,并且反转输出元件的旋转方向。通过不同工作档位状态的选择,变速器能够为给定输入提供一定范围的输出。
在混合动力传动车辆中,上述装置的运行需要对许多转矩支撑轴或连接到上述发动机、电机以及驱动系统的装置进行管理。来自发动机的输入转矩与来自一个或多个电机的输入转矩可单独或共同施加,以提供输出转矩。然而,例如,由于操作者踏板位置的变化或由于工作档位状态转换,变速器所需的输出转矩的变化必须平顺地处理。管理的特别困难在于,以不同的反应时间到达控制输入部分的输入转矩同时作用于变速器。基于单个控制输入部分,不同装置可以在不同时刻改变各自的输入转矩,使得通过变速器施加的总转矩增长的突然改变。通过变速器传递的各种输入转矩的突变或不协调会在车辆加速或急速牵引过程中产生使人易感觉到的改变,这种改变会反过来影响车辆的操纵性能。
已知混合动力驱动系统的多种控制方案以及上述各种元件之间的操作连接,并且为了实现混合动力系统的功能,控制系统必须能够将上述各种元件与变速器接合与分离。公知的接合与分离通过使用可选择性操作的离合器在变速器中完成。离合器是本领域公知的用于接合与分离轴的装置,其包括对轴之间的转速与转矩差的管理。接合或锁止、分离或解锁、接合或锁止操作时的操作以及分离或解锁操作时的操作都是离合器的状态,为了使车辆正确平顺地运行,必须管理这些状态。
公知的离合器有各种设计与控制方法。一种公知类型的离合器是机械式离合器,其通过分离或接合两个连接表面,例如,离合器盘而操作,当离合器盘接合时,在彼此之间施加摩擦转矩。操作这种机械式离合器的一种控制方法包括使用液压控制系统,该系统使用通过液压管线传递的液体压力施加或释放两个连接表面之间的夹紧力。如此地操作,离合器不以二元方式操作,而是能够具有从完全分离,到同步但不接合,到仅以最小夹紧力接合,到以一定最大夹紧力接合的接合状态范围。应用于离合器的夹紧力决定在离合器打滑之前离合器能够承载多大的反应转矩。通过调整夹紧力的各种离合器的控制允许锁止与解锁状态之间的转换,并且还允许管理锁止的变速器中的打滑。另外,通过液压管线施加的最大夹紧力还能随车辆的运行状态改变,并且能基于控制策略调整。
已知不同步运转的离合器,设计成允许在锁止与解锁状态之间转换过程中存在一定程度的打滑。已知其他同步运转的离合器,设计成在将连接表面夹紧在一起之前匹配连接表面的速度或达到同步。本发明主要针对同步离合器。
当离合器连接表面意图达到同步和锁止时,只要通过离合器传递的反应转矩超过通过施加夹紧力而产生的实际转矩容量,就会发生离合器的连接表面之间的打滑或相对旋转。变速器中的打滑导致变速器中意料之外的转矩控制损失,导致由来自变速器的反向转矩的突然变化所产生的发动机速度控制与电机速度控制的损失,以及导致车辆加速度的突然变化,对操纵性能产生不利影响。
变速器可与在输入与输出之间传递反应转矩的单个离合器一起操作。变速器可与在输入与输出之间传递反应转矩的多个离合器一起操作。工作档位状态的选择取决于离合器的选择性地接合,其以不同的可容许组合导致不同的工作档位状态。
从一种工作档位状态至另一种工作档位状态的转换包括至少一个离合器状态的转换。从一个固定的传动状态至另一个固定的传动状态的典型转换包括卸载第一离合器,通过没有离合器保持接合的惯性滑行转换,或通过至少一个离合器保持接合的惯性速度相态转换,并且随后加载第二离合器。输出转矩对在卸载之前连接至锁止且同步的离合器的驱动系统起作用,该输出转矩作为输入转矩与变速器中提供的换算系数的作用结果而由变速器产生。在这种转矩传递状态中,如此配置的变速器在换档过程中称为处于转矩阶段。在转矩阶段中,车辆速度与车辆加速度是作用于车辆上的输出转矩与其他力的函数。卸载离合器将所有来自先前锁止且同步的离合器的输入转矩撤消。结果,任何先前通过该离合器施加于输出转矩的推进力迅速降低至零。在一个典型结构中,在变速器同步第二离合器时,另一离合器保持接合,并且将转矩传递至输出。在这种结构中,变速器处于惯性速度阶段。当同步与加载将要被加载的第二离合器时,变速器再次进入转矩阶段,其中车辆速度与车辆加速度是作用于车辆上的输出转矩与其他力的函数。当由于离合器卸载与加载而导致的输出转矩变化或中断成为变速器工作档位状态转换的正常部分时,对输出转矩的变化有次序的管理降低了换档对操纵性能的影响。
如上所述,变速器工作档位状态的变化包括转换离合器。在同步运转中,重要的是在将连接表面夹紧在一起之前在离合器连接表面的另一侧匹配速度。将来自发动机的输入速度与将要接合的离合器中的输出速度进行匹配,这需要控制方法在有益于操纵性能的时间周期内达到同步。考虑到包括在换档操作中的动力系操作与动力系元件的物理特性,在所需的换档时间内同步操作离合器的方法是有益的。
发明内容
动力系包括机械可操作地连接至内燃机与电机的电-机械变速器,该电-机械变速器适合于选择性地将机械动力传递至输出元件。控制动力系的方法包括执行换档,确定多个控制发动机与电机的输入加速度曲线,确定输入速度曲线,并且基于输入速度曲线控制发动机与电机的运行。
附图说明
现参照附图举例说明一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1为根据本发明的典型动力系的示意图,该动力系包括操作地连接至发动机以及第一与第二电机的双模式、复合-分解、电-机械混合变速器;
图2为根据本发明的典型分布式控制模块系统的方框示意图;
图3为根据本发明图示地描绘了根据本发明的典型混合动力系元件对转矩需求变化的反应时间;
图4示例了根据本发明的,尤其如图1和表1的典型实施例中描绘的典型混合动力系变速器的齿轮转换关系;
图5-7描绘了根据本发明的,合并完成典型变速器换档的典型过程;
图5为通过典型转换的解锁状态表示本发明与离合器相关联的转矩项的图示;
图6为通过典型转换的锁止状态表示本发明与离合器相关联的转矩项的图示;
图7为根据本发明的,描绘变速器典型惯性速度阶段的项的图示;
图8为根据本发明的,在实时控制信号上应用系统约束,临时超出由控制信号设置的最大\最小值的情况的图示;
图9示出根据本发明的,控制与管理动力系统中的转矩与功率流的典型控制系统结构,该动力系统具有多个转矩产生装置,并且以可处理的算法与标定形式存在于控制模块中;
图10为根据本发明的,更详细地描述图9中的控制系统结构的更详细的典型执行,举例说明换档执行过程中数据流的示意图;
图11以列表形式示出了根据本发明确定惯性速度阶段时间的典型二维查询表的使用方法;
图12描绘了根据本发明的,分成三个子阶段的典型惯性速度阶段;以及
图13图示地示例了根据本发明的,通过固定档位状态从一个EVT模式至另一EVT模式的典型换档。
具体实施方式
现参照附图,其中的显示仅用于示例某些典型实施例,而不用于限制该实施例,图1与2描绘了典型电动机械混合动力系。图1描绘了根据本发明的典型电动机械混合动力系,其包括双模式、复合-分解、电动机械混合变速器10,该变速器操作地连接至发动机14及第一与第二电机(‘MG-A’)56与(‘MG-B’)72。发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72每个均产生能够传递至变速器10的动力。由发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72产生的,并且传递至变速器10的动力描述为输入转矩,在此分别称之为TI、TA和TB,并且它们的速度在此分别称之为NI、NA和NB
典型的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其经由输入轴12,以几种状态选择性地操作,从而将转矩传递至变速器10,并且其可以是点燃式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括操作性地连接至变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于将例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出)的转矩消耗元件布置在位于发动机14与变速器10之间的输入轴12上,包括转速与输出转矩的发动机14的动力输出可以不同于变速器10的输入速度NI与输入转矩TI
典型的变速器10包括三组行星齿轮装置24、26与28,以及四个可选择性地接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73以及C4 75。如在此使用的,离合器指任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,其包括例如,单个或复合盘式离合器或组件、带式离合器以及制动器。液压控制电路42,优选地由变速器控制模块(此后用‘TCM’表示)17控制,该液压控制电路操作地控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62与C4 75优选地包括应用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70与C3 73优选地包括液压控制的固定装置,该固定装置选择性地档接至(groundedto)变速箱壳体68。每个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73以及C4 75均优选地施加液压,经由液压控制电路42选择性地接收加压的液压液。
第一与第二电机56与72优选地包括三相AC电机,每个均包括定子(未示出)与转子(未示出),以及各自的分相器80与82。每个电机的电机定子档接至变速器壳体68的外部,并且包括定子铁心,该定子铁心具有从其中延伸出来的绕成线圈的电绕组。第一电机56的转子支撑于毂衬齿轮上,该齿轮经由第二行星齿轮装置26操作地连接至轴60。第二电机72的转子固定地连接至套轴毂66。
每个分相器80与82优选地包括可变磁阻装置,该可变磁阻装置包括分相器定子(未示出)与分相器转子(未示出)。分相器80与82适当地定位,并且装配在第一与第二电机56与72中相应的一个上。相应的分相器80和82之一的定子操作地连接至第一与第二电机56与72之一的定子。分相器转子操作地连接至相应的第一与第二电机56与72的转子。每个分相器80与82信号地,并且操作地连接至变速器功率变换器控制模块(以下用‘TPIM’表示)19,并且各自传感与监控分相器转子相对于分相器定子的旋转位置,因此监控第一与第二电机56与72中相应的一个的旋转位置。此外,中断来自分相器80与82的信号输出,以分别提供第一与第二电机56与72的转速,即,NA与NB
变速器10包括输出元件64,例如,可操作地连接至车辆的驱动系统90的轴(未示出),以提供输出动力,例如,至车轮93,其中之一示于图1。根据输出转速NO与输出转矩TO表征输出功率。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速与旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地装配有适宜于监控轮速VSS-WHL的传感器94,每个车轮的输出由图B中描绘的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块监控,以确定车速,以及用于制动控制、牵引控制以及车辆加速管理的绝对与相对轮速。
来自发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的输入转矩(分别为TI、TA以及TB)作为由燃料或存储在电能存储装置(以下用‘ESD’表示)74中的电势进行能量转化的结果而产生。ESD 74为经由DC传递导体27DC连接至TPIM 19的高压存储装置。传递导体27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常操作条件下,电流可以在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38开启,电流中断在ESD 74与TPIM 19之间的流动。响应于第一与第二电机56与72达到输入转矩TA与TB的转矩需求,TPIM 19通过传递导体29将电力传递至第一电机56,并且从第一电机56获得电力,TPIM 19同样地通过传递导体31将电力传递至第二电机72,并且从第二电机72获得电力。根据ESD 74是否正在充电或放电,电流传递至ESD 74并从ESD 74输出。
TPIM 19包括一对功率变换器(未示出),并且各个电动机控制模块(未示出)配置成接收转矩指令,并且根据指令控制变换器状态,用于提供电动机驱动或发电机功能,以满足指令的电动机转矩TA与TB。功率变换器包括公知的补偿三相功率电子装置,并且每个均包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),该绝缘栅双极晶体管通过高频率切换,将ESD 74的DC电力转换为AC电力,为相应的第一与第二电机56与72提供电力。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成配置成接收控制指令的开关模式电源。每个三相电机的每一相均典型地存在一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态,以提供电动机驱动机械动力产生或电力发电机功能。三相逆变器经由DC传递导体27接收或提供DC电力,并且将其转换为三相AC电力或从AC电力转换而来,该AC电力传导至第一与第二电机56与72或从第一与第二电机56与72传导而来,用于分别经由传递导体29与31作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2为分布式控制模块系统的示意性结构图。以下描述的元件包括整车控制结构的子系统,并且提供图1中描绘的典型动力系的协同系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关信息与输入,并且执行算法控制各种致动器,以实现控制目标,包括与燃油经济性、排放、性能、操纵性以及包含ESD 74的电池以及第一与第二电机56与72的硬件保护相关的目标。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(以下用‘ECM’表示)23、TCM 17、电池组控制模块(以下用‘BPCM’表示)21以及TPIM 19。混合动力控制模块(以下用‘HCP’表示)5提供管理控制以及ECM 23、TCM 17、BPCM 21与TPIM 19的协同。用户界面(‘UI’)13操作地连接至多个装置,通过该用户界面,车辆操作者控制或指挥电动机械混合动力系的运行。装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’),操作者的转矩需求由该加速踏板确定;操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’);变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’)以及车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可以具有操作者可选择位置的离散数字,包括输出元件64的旋转方向,以获得前进与倒退方向之一。
前述控制模块经由局域网(以下称‘LAN’)总线6与其他控制模块、传感器、以及致动器相通讯。LAN总线6允许介于各个控制模块之间的操作参数的状态与致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。使用的特定通讯协议为专用的。LAN总线6与适当的协议用于上述控制模块与其他提供例如防抱死、牵引控制以及车辆稳定性功能的模块之间的鲁棒通讯及多控制模块接口。多重通讯总线可用于提高通讯速度,并且提供一定级别的信号冗余与整合。单个控制模块之间的通讯还可以使用直接连接实现,例如串行外设接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出)。
HCP 5提供动力系的管理控制,用于ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19以及BPCM21的协同工作。基于来自用户界面13以及动力系,包括ESD 74的各种输入信号,HCP 5产生各种指令,包括:操作者转矩需求(‘TO_REQ’);到驱动系统90的指令输出转矩(‘TCMD’);发动机输入转矩需求;变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩;以及第一与第二电机56与72的各自的转矩需求。TCM 17操作地连接至液压控制电路42,并且提供各种功能,其中包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出);产生控制信号,并将其传输至各种电磁线圈(未示出)从而控制包含在液压控制电路42中的压力开关与控制阀。
ECM 23操作地连接至发动机14,并且用于从发动机14的传感器与控制致动器的多条分离的线中获取数据,为了简化起见,多条分离的线以集合的双向接口电缆35示出。ECM 23从HCP 5接收发动机输入转矩需求。ECM 23确定实际发动机输入转矩TI,基于监控的发动机速度与载荷在该点处及时将该转矩提供至变速器10,ECM 23与HCP 5相通讯。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入,以确定发动机对输入轴12的输入速度,该速度转化为变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定其他发动机运行参数的状态,其中包括,例如,歧管压力、发动机冷却液温度、环境温度以及环境压力。可以例如由歧管压力,或可替换地,由监控操作者对加速踏板113的输入而确定发动机载荷。ECM 23产生并传输指令信号,以控制发动机致动器,包括,例如,燃油喷射器、点火模块以及节气门控制模块,这些均未示出。
TCM 17操作地连接至变速器10,并且监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定变速器操作参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传输指令信号,以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制电路42。从TCM 17至HCP 5的输入包括每个离合器,即,C1 70、C2 62、C3 73以及C4 75的估算的离合器转矩以及输出元件64的输出转速NO。为了实现控制目的,可使用其他致动器与传感器将TCM 17的附加信息提供至HCP 5。TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地致动压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和液压控制电路42的切换电磁线圈(未示出),以选择性地致动各种离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73以及C4 75,从而实现如下文所述的各种变速器工作档位状态。
BPCM 21信号地连接至传感器(未示出),以监控ESD 74,包括电流与电压参数的状态,以将ESD 74的电池的参数状态的指示信息提供至HCP 5。电池的参数状态优选地包括电池荷电状态、电池电压、电池温度以及可用的电池功率,称之为PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX的范围。
每个控制模块ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19与BPCM 21优选地为通用数字计算机,其包括微处理器或中央处理单元;存储介质,其包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存取存储器(‘RAM’)、电子式可擦写只读存储器(‘EPROM’)、高速时钟、模数(‘A/D’)与数模(‘D/A’)电路以及输入/输出电路与装置(‘I/O’);以及合适的信号调节与缓冲电路。每个控制模块均具有一套控制算法,包括驻存程序指令以及存储在存储介质之一中,并且执行以提供每个计算机的各自功能的标定。控制模块之间的信息传递优选地使用LAN总线6与SPI总线实现。在预设循环过程中执行控制算法,以使得每个算法在每个循环中执行至少一次。存储在非易失存储装置中的算法由中央处理单元之一执行,以监控来自传感装置的输入,并且执行控制与诊断程序,以使用预设标定控制致动器的运行。以固定的时间间隔执行循环,例如在动力系的实时运行过程中每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25以及100毫秒执行。可替换地,响应于事件的发生而实行算法。
典型的动力系选择性地以几种工作档位状态之一运行,这些工作档位状态可根据发动机状态与变速器状态描述,其中发动机状态包括发动机工作状态(‘ON’)与发动机停止状态(‘OFF’)之一,变速器状态包括多个固定档位与连续可变工作模式,以下参照表1描述。
表1
表中描述了每个变速器工作档位状态并且显示每一工作档位状态中使用的是特定离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73以及C4 75中的哪一个。为了“档接”第三行星齿轮装置28的外部齿轮元件,仅通过使用离合器C1 70而选择第一连续可变模式,即EVT模式I,或者MI。发动机状态可以为ON(‘MI_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘MI_Eng_Off’)之一。仅通过使用离合器C2 62将轴60连接至第三行星齿轮装置28的托架而选择第二连续变化模式,即EVT模式II,或者MII。发动机状态可以为ON(‘MII_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘MII_Eng_Off’)之一。为了实现该描述,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度等于每分钟零转(‘RPM’),即发动机曲轴不旋转。实现了提供变速器10的输入-输出速度的固定比率工作的固定档位工作,即NI/NO。通过使用离合器C1 70和C4 75而选择第一固定档位工作(‘FG1’)。通过使用离合器C1 70和C2 62而选择第二固定档位工作(‘FG2’)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C4 75而选择第三固定档位工作(‘FG3’)。通过使用离合器C2 62和C3 73而选择第四固定档位工作(‘FG4’)。由于行星齿轮24、26及28中的传动比降低,输入-输出速度的固定比率工作随着增加的固定档位工作而增加。第一与第二电机56与72的转速NA和NB分别取决于由离合器限定出的机构的内部转速,并且与输入轴12处测量的输入速度成比例。
响应于经由加速踏板113与制动踏板112,作为通过用户界面13获取的操作者输入,HCP 5及一个或更多其他控制模块确定指令的输出转矩TCMD,TCMD旨在满足操作者转矩需求TO_REQ,其将在输出元件64处处理,并且传递至驱动系统90。其他因素对最终的车辆加速度起作用,包括,例如,道路载荷、道路坡度以及车辆重量。基于动力系的各种工作特性,确定变速器10的工作档位状态。这包括操作者转矩需求,如前所述通过加速踏板113与制动踏板112与用户界面13通讯。工作档位状态能够以由指令产生的动力系转矩需求为基础,以电能产生模式或转矩产生模式操作第一与第二电机56与72。工作档位状态可以由优化算法或程序确定,例如在HCP 5的混合策略控制模块中开始,其基于操作者需求功率、电池荷电状态以及发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的能量效率确定最优系统效率。控制系统基于执行优化程序的结果而管理发动机14及第一与第二电机56与72的转矩输入,并且因此优化系统效率,以管理燃油经济性与电池充电。而且,可以基于元件或系统的故障确定操作。HCP 5监控转矩产生装置,并且确定变速器10所需的功率输出达到所需输出转矩,以满足操作者转矩需求。正如从以上描述中显而易见的,ESD 74及第一与第二电机56与72电力地操作地连接,以传递它们之间的功率流。而且,发动机14、第一与第二电机56与72以及电-机械变速器10机械可操作地连接,以传递它们之间的功率,从而产生至输出元件64的功率流。
如上所述,为了保持操纵性而管理输出转矩,管理输出转矩在控制混合动力系中优先。通过变速器施加的任何响应于输出转矩需求变化的转矩变化均导致时间的到驱动系统的输出转矩的变化,从而导致车辆驱动力的变化以及车辆加速度的变化。转矩需求的变化可以来自于操作者输入,例如与操作者转矩需求相关的踏板位置、车辆自动控制变化,例如巡航控制或其他控制策略,或响应于环境状况的发动机变化,例如车辆经历上坡或下坡。通过控制经混合动力系中的变速器传递的各种输入转矩的变化,可以控制与最小化车辆加速度的突变,从而降低对操纵性的不利影响。
正如本领域技术人员公知的,任何控制系统均包括反应时间。动力系工作点的变化,包括动力系所需的实现需求的车辆操作的各种元件的速度与转矩,由控制信号的变化驱动。这些控制信号改变作用于动力系的各种元件,并且根据它们各自的反应时间在每个中产生反应。作用于混合动力系,显示新的转矩需求,例如,如由操作者转矩需求的变化驱动的,或需求执行变速器换档的控制信号的任意变化在每个起作用的转矩产生装置中产生反应,从而执行各个输入转矩的需求的变化。由发动机提供的输入转矩的变化受到发动机转矩需求的控制,发动机转矩需求设置了通过发动机,例如经由ECM控制的转矩产生。对于发动机转矩需求变化在发动机中的反应时间受到本领域中公知的许多因素的影响,并且发动机工作变化的具体情况主要取决于使用的发动机的具体情况以及使用的燃烧模式。在很多情况中,发动机对转矩需求变化的反应时间将是混合动力驱动系统的元件中最长的反应时间。对于转矩需求变化的电机中的反应时间包括激活任意必须的开关、继电器、或其他控制元件的时间以及以施加的电力的变化为电机供电或断电的时间。
图3图示地描绘了根据本发明的,典型混合动力系元件对转矩需求变化的反应时间。示例了包括发动机及两个电机的典型混合动力系统的元件。示例了转矩需求及由每个转矩产生装置产生的输入转矩的结果的变化。如上所述,数据示出了电机快速响应于转矩需求的变化,然而,发动机较慢地跟随转矩需求的变化。
公开了一种方法,其中,为了基本上实现输入转矩的同时变化,利用发动机与混合动力系中的一个或多个电机的反应时间并行控制提前实时转矩需求及实时转矩需求,其中,提前实时转矩需求控制发动机,实时转矩需求控制电机,转矩需求由各个反应时间协调以基本上同时影响输入转矩的变化。
如上所述,因为已知来自发动机的输入转矩的变化比来自电机的输入转矩的变化一贯需要更长的反应时间,所以公开的方法中的典型实施例可以实现发动机与电机的转矩需求的变化,如上所述并行作用,包括对更快的反应装置,电机的提前期。该提前期可以通过建模或其他足以准确预测发动机与电机运行的技术试验地、经验地、预测地得到,并且提前期的量可以根据不同的发动机设置、状态、运行、档位及车辆状态而被相同的混合动力系使用。与测试数据或装置反应时间的估算一起使用的,计算根据本发明的提前期的典型方程包括以下内容。
TLead=TLead Reaction-TImmediate Reaction[1]
TLead等于用于此处描述的方法中的提前期。该方程假定使用两个转矩产生装置。
TLead Reaction表示具有较长反应时间的装置的反应时间,TImmediate Reaction表示具有较短反应时间的装置的反应时间。如果使用不同系统,包括例如具有较长提前期的发动机、具有中间提前期的第一电机以及具有较短提前期的第二电机,则比较所有转矩产生装置而得到提前期。在该典型系统中,如果包括全部三个转矩产生装置,将利用两个提前期来同步每个装置中的反应,每个电机与发动机相比均产生一个提前期。同一系统在不同时间可以在发动机停止情况下工作,并且与变速器分离,比较第一电机与第二电机的提前期将用于同步两个电机的反应。以这种方式,协调可以得到的各种转矩产生装置之间的反应时间可以得到提前期。
为了响应于操作者转矩需求的变化而基本上实现输出转矩的同时变化而使用提前期实现对不同转矩产生装置的并行指令的一个典型方法包括发出基本上实时的发动机指令的变化,在发动机中开始新的发动机输出转矩的变化。为了提供变速器需求的驱动车辆的总输入转矩的一部分,该新的发动机输出转矩与电机运行状态一起仍由HCP管理。如上所述考虑发动机与电机之间反应时间的不同,从发动机指令改变的点开始,提前期就开始运行。在提前期终止后,为了实现操作者转矩需求部分,执行由HCP管理的一个或几个电机的已发出指令的变化,并且电机输出转矩改变。由于协调指令及提前期的选择,发动机与电机提供的转矩的变化基本上同时改变。
如在以上公开的方法中描述的,发动机指令与电机指令并行使用,以便以对操作者转矩需求变化反应的不同反应时间控制不同的转矩产生装置。操作者转矩需求变化可以包括在特定变速器工作档位状态下的需求输出转矩的简单变化,或操作者转矩需求变化可以与变速器在不同工作档位状态之间的切换一起被需求。与变速器换档一起的操作者转矩需求变化比包含在单个工作档位状态中的变化更复杂,因为为了在不发生打滑的情况下,从第一离合器开始向先前未施加的第二离合器传递转矩,必须管理混合动力系各种元件的转矩与轴速,如上所述。
变速器的换档,例如图1的典型变速器,通常包括卸载第一离合器,经惯性速度阶段状态的过渡,并且随后加载第二离合器。如与图1及表1相关联的以上描述,动力系变速器中的离合器通常成对或成组使用,变速器中的轴可以包括仅卸载一个使用的离合器,并且随后加载另一个离合器,同时保持在换档期间的第三离合器的接合。此外,公开了一种方法,其中,可以使用即将接合或正在分离的离合器,例如,通过受控打滑的限制使用来施加转矩,并且辅助输入速度朝向需求的用于同步即将接合的离合器的目标速度过渡。图4示例了根据本发明的,尤其如图1与表1中描绘的典型实施例的典型混合动力系变速器的齿轮转换关系。NI与NO的关系图。在任意固定档位状态,NO均由相应的NI沿固定档位状态线确定。以EVT模式I或EVT模式II工作可以在曲线上示出的各个区域发生,其中,连续可变传动比用于从固定输入转矩,例如由电机提供的输入转矩提供动力。根据以上典型变速器的任一EVT模式的工作均包括与单个接合的离合器一起工作。在连续可变EVT模式中使用更少离合器允许来自额外的自由度,例如,允许电机转矩改变NI与NO的关系、离合器状态,如图1的典型实施例中描绘的,离合器C1-C4的状态在表1中描述出。例如,以第二固定档位状态工作需要应用或加载离合器C1与C2,并且不应用或不加载C3与C4。同时图4描绘了在图1示例的典型动力系中档位转换的可能性,本领域技术人员应该知道的是,这种档位转换的描述对于任意混合动力系的变速器均是可能的,并且本发明并不旨在限于此处描述的特定实施例。
图4可以描绘如上所述的处于固定档位状态或EVT模式的典型系统的工作,并且可以用于描述各种变速器工作档位状态之间的档位转换。曲线上的区域或线描绘贯穿转换的工作档位状态的运行。例如,在EVT模式区域中的固定档位状态之间的转换需要在固定档位状态之间以EVT模式瞬时工作。同样的,从EVT模式I至EVT模式II的转换需要通过位于两个模式之间的边界处的第二固定档位状态过渡。
根据图1与4及表1,进一步描述了从第三固定档位状态至第四固定档位状态的典型变速器换档。参照图4,起始状态与优选地工作档位状态同时存在于EVI模式II的区域中。因此,从第三档位状态至第四档位状态的转换需要首先从第三固定档位状态至EVT模式II的换档,以及随后从EVT模式II至第四固定档位状态的换档。参照表1,混合动力系变速器,起始于第三固定档位状态,将使用离合器C2与C4。表1进一步描述了以EVT模式II的工作,第一换档的目标,包括应用离合器C2。因此,从第三固定档位状态至EVT模式II的换档需要离合器C4从应用状态转变为非应用状态而保留应用离合器C2。此外,表1描述了以第四固定档位模式的工作,第二换档的目标,其中应用离合器C2与C3。因此,从EVT模式II至第四固定档位状态的换档需要使用与加载离合器C3,并且需要保留应用离合器C2。因此,通过典型换档转换离合器C4与C3,同时在整个换档过程中,离合器C2保持应用,并且将转矩传递至驱动系统。
使用在此公开的方法,可以调整贯穿变速器换档过程的输入转矩的变化,以通过协调基于各种元件的反应时间的各种转矩产生装置的信号指令而减少对操纵性的负作用。如上所述,许多变速器换档可以分解为三个阶段:第一转矩阶段,在该阶段中,最初应用的离合器从转矩支承、锁止、并且同步的离合器状态变化至解锁、并且不同步的离合器状态;惯性速度阶段,在该阶段中,起作用的离合器解锁,并且处于过渡状态,输入速度与目标速度匹配,以便于即将接合的离合器同步接合;以及第二转矩阶段,在该阶段中,即将接合的离合器从解锁、并且不同步的离合器状态变化至转矩支承、并且锁止的离合器状态。如以上提及的,在整个同步变速器换档过程中,优选地避免锁止的离合器打滑,从而避免对操纵性产生不利作用,并且当横跨离合器施加的反应转矩超出了离合器的实际转矩容量时会产生离合器打滑。因此,在变速器换档过程中,必须相对于当前应用的离合器的实际转矩容量管理输入转矩,以使得变速器换档可以在不发生打滑的情况下完成。
虽然在离合器的转矩容量保持在超出反应转矩范围内的情况下,一种方法可用于完成离合器加载或随后卸载的必要步骤,但解锁转换过程中包含的时间对于操纵性也很重要。因此,并行完成相关转矩需求与离合器容量指令,同时防止打滑是有利的。这种旨在影响与变速器换档相关联的离合器状态变化的控制变化的并行执行优选地发生在尽可能短的时间间隔内。因此,包括在变速器换档中的离合器中转矩容量的协调对于通过变速器换档保持操纵性也很重要,其中,如以上实施例所描述的,变速器换档根据转矩需求,同时包括发动机与电机的转矩需求。图5-7描绘了根据本发明的,合并完成典型变速器换档的典型过程。
图5为根据本发明的,贯穿典型过渡解锁状态,与离合器相关联的转矩项的图示。曲线左端处示出的线描绘了以锁止状态工作的离合器。曲线通过离合器控制系统与结果估算的转矩容量描绘了离合器指令转矩。由指令转矩产生的离合器转矩容量是很多因素的结果,包括可获得的夹紧压力,离合器的设计与条件因素,以及离合器控制系统中变化的离合器反应时间。如起始锁止区域中的曲线的典型数据所示例的,公知的指令转矩在超出离合器容量的范围内锁止离合器,并且允许作用于离合器的其他因素确定最后得到的离合器容量。而且,在描绘以锁止状态工作的离合器的曲线的左端,描绘了作为来自发动机与电机转矩的输入转矩结果的,通过离合器传递的估算的反应转矩。在标有“初始解锁状态”的时间处,离合器控制系统或TCM中的逻辑,确定需要从锁止至解锁状态转换离合器,其将指令转矩变化至低于转矩容量,但仍高于当前通过离合器传递的反应转矩的某一水平。在该点,离合器控制系统中的机构,例如,典型液压离合器控制系统中的可变压力控制电磁线圈,改变设置,以调整离合器中的夹紧力。结果,离合器转矩容量开始根据应用于离合器变化的夹紧力而变化。如上所述,离合器对反应时间内指令转矩的变化起作用,并且特定离合器的反应时间将取决于使用的具体情况。在图5的典型曲线中,转矩容量对指令转矩的减少起反应,并且开始相应减少。
如以上提及的,在相同的解锁状态过程中,由输入转矩与电机转矩产生的反应转矩必须也从离合器解锁。如果贯穿解锁状态,反应转矩均不保持在转矩容量之下,则产生不必要的打滑。解锁状态初始,在图5中基本相同的点处,转矩容量减小,以启动解锁状态,为了完成每个到零的坡降,对来自发动机与电机的输入转矩启动并施加限制。如在此公开的方法以及上述典型实施例中描述的,对包括发动机转矩实时需求以及实时转矩需求的限制的变化在协同程序中执行,完成对于各种转矩提供装置的反应时间的提前期标定,以使得来自装置的最终结果的输入转矩基本上同时减少。图5示例了通过向转矩需求施加限制而实现该转矩需求的协同变化的方法,其中向转矩需求施加的限制为约束发动机转矩实时需求的离合器反应转矩提前实时最小值与最大值,以及约束电机转矩需求的离合器反应转矩实时最小值与最大值的形式。这些最大反应转矩值表示允许从每个转矩提供装置获得指令的最大转矩:实际发动机转矩实时需求与实际实时转矩需求可以小于最大反应转矩值,但当最大值减小时,实际转矩需求值也将最终减小。来自发动机与电机的输入转矩一起提供,每个均上升至限定出的最大值,全部输入转矩的某些部分,以及每个部分受到HCP的控制。作为标定提前期的结果,离合器反应转矩提前实时最小值与最大值以及离合器反应转矩实时最小值与最大值均在基本上相同的时间减少对离合器施加的反应转矩,导致如图5中示例的实际离合器反应转矩的减少。本领域技术人员应该知道的是,将额外地需要其他安全装置以确保在整个卸载过程中,转矩容量保持在超出反应转矩的范围内。设想过许多这种方法,图5描绘了可能使用的一套典型项目。例如,标定补偿项可以用于确保设置离合器容量的指令保持在超出实际离合器反应转矩的范围内直至实际转矩低至某一阈值之下。用于该目的的典型阈值在图5中作为反应转矩的标定阈值而限定出。将该转矩容量需求保持在实际离合器反应转矩之上,并且记住所有装置均包括对需求变化的反应时间,包括离合器夹紧机构,结合该补偿项,响应于离合器指令变化的转矩容量变化的延迟将转矩容量保持在超出实际离合器反应转矩的范围内。此外,另一阈值,用于转矩估算的标定的阈值,可以用于限定转矩阶段的末端。例如,如果估算的离合器转矩容量,如由对离合器运行建模的算法确定的,在标定的时间段内停留在该阈值之下,随后则可以确定离合器处于解锁状态。
图6为根据本发明的,贯穿典型过渡锁止状态的与离合器相关联的转矩项的图示。如上所述,在许多变速器换档过程中,同步并锁止第二离合器,并且通过离合器传递反应转矩。曲线左端示例的线描绘了离合器以解锁状态运行。解锁状态的启动需要一系列对将离合器从解锁状态转换至锁止状态而言是必须的次级指令。如上所述,必须同步离合器,包括连接至即将接合的转矩提供轴的轴以及连接至输出元件的轴,该离合器与变速器换档中的第二转矩阶段的转换有关。一旦连接至这些轴的离合器连接表面减小,并且在相同的转速下移动,则开始对离合器施加夹紧力,以将离合器带入锁止状态,并且开始增加离合器的转矩容量。如上所述,关于在转矩阶段过程中避免打滑,必须在可以增加对离合器的反应转矩之前增加离合器容量。为了能够尽可能快地使用由离合器的反应转矩产生的输入转矩,可以提前指令离合器容量增加,以实现离合器容量的初始增加与离合器达到锁止状态同时发生。考虑了此公开方法中利用提前期的反应时间,随后以短延迟及时对反应转矩发出指令,以跟随增加的离合器转矩容量。在如图5描绘的施加于转矩需求的限制的反方向作用,该方法的典型实施例向转矩需求施加限制,根据选择的避免打滑的标定的缓变率向发动机与电机发送该转矩需求。如图6中描绘的,作为约束电机转矩需求的离合器反应转矩实时最小值与最大值在标定的提前期后增加,该提前期从作为约束发动机转矩需求的增加的离合器反应转矩提前实时最小值与最大值开始。根据此处公开的方法,通过使用提前期,来自发动机与电机的输入转矩的增加增加了通过离合器基本上同时传递的反应转矩。由于对转矩产生装置的限制根据作用于每个限制的标定缓变率提升,HCP可以命令发动机与电机实现由离合器获得的反应转矩的一部分,直至各自的最大值。以这种方式,为了补偿反应时间,从而贯穿换档过程,增加基本上同时来自发动机与电机的输入转矩,因此协调发动机与电机的转矩需求。
用于以上典型变速器换档中的标定缓变率为选定值,其将输入转矩值快速调节至所需的范围,但又停留在离合器转矩容量之下,以避免打滑。缓变率可以通过建模或其他足以准确预测发动机与电机运行的技术试验地、经验地、预测地得到,并且相同的混合动力系可以根据不同的发动机设置、状态或工作档位及启动离合器转矩容量的控制系统状态而使用多个缓变率。用于在解锁过程中减少转矩的缓变率可以但不是必须是在锁止过程中用于增加转矩的缓变率的相反值。同样的,用于协调转矩的提前期可以但不必须是与两个变速器转换状态中使用的时间间隔相同的值,并且可以根据车辆及其元件的特定行为而改变。
如上所述,在变速器换档过程中,例如,在如上述典型变速器中限定出的两个固定档位状态之间,变速器经过第一转矩阶段与第二转矩阶段之间的惯性速度阶段。在该惯性速度阶段中,最初应用的,即将分离的离合器与将要应用的即将接合的离合器均处于解锁状态,并且输入开始以在变成不同步之前经第一离合器分配的转速旋转。为了在第二转矩阶段将要应用和加载的第二离合器中实现同步,连接至第二离合器的输入必须改变NI,以便以某一新的传动比匹配通过变速器连接的驱动系统。在混合动力系变速器的换档中,换档可以经一工作档位状态发生,在该工作档位状态中,应用至少一个离合器,同时另一离合器差不多转换至锁止状态,但保持不同步。以可变、非固定状态,例如上述典型的EVT模式I与EVT模式II,工作的变速器,允许输入与输出速度之比可变。因此,在惯性速度阶段,将一种EVT模式作为过渡状态使用,NI可以从初始速度转换至目标速度,同时保持变速器的TO
图7图示地描绘了根据本发明的,在变速器换档的惯性速度阶段,完成该同步的典型方法。变速器换档对描述换档过程的两项的作用示例在具有共同时间量程的两个部分中。顶部描绘了通过第一、初始应用的离合器初始连接的NI。上部虚线表示在换档开始之前,第一离合器处于锁止状态时NI的速度曲线。底部虚线表示必须实现将NI与第二离合器的输出速度同步的NI的速度曲线。两条虚线之间的过渡表示输入速度的变化,其必须发生,以完成换档。图7的底部描绘了输入加速度(NI_DOT),或NI对于时间的导数。在该情况下,NI_DOT作为通过一个或多个电机,以快速反应时间驱动的输入加速度实时曲线或加速度曲线而描述,并且该项紧随实际的NI_DOT。输入加速度实时曲线显示速率的变化,为了将NI从在与第一离合器同步状态下的初始NI转换为与第二离合器同步状态下的目标输入转速而必须完成该速率的变化。初始水平部分描绘出了加速度,以该加速度,输入速度在换档初始时增加,并且该恒定值反映了图7顶部的左部中的输入速度的斜率。在换档初始时,基于例如踏板位置的操作者输入及包括确定优选工作档位状态的变速器控制系统中的算法,产生关于目标输入速度与目标输入加速度曲线的判定,要求该目标输入速度实现同步化,要求该目标输入加速度曲线产生NI需要的变化。基于NO及完成换档之后的目标工作档位状态的目标NI_DOT可以称为输入加速度提前预测曲线,并且描述在完成惯性速度阶段之后必须存在的NI_DOT。公开了一种方法,其在惯性速度阶段,限定出输入加速度实时曲线,从而根据同步换档对NI的变化起作用。
在惯性速度阶段限定出NI_DOT的曲线通过许多变量限制。如上所述,可以在换档的开始监控或描述初始NI值与NI_DOT值。目标NI值与NI_DOT值可以基于需求的工作档位状态、NO以及动力系运行的测量值,例如踏板位置而描述。对初始值与目标值之间转换的约束包括响应于发动机指令的发动机物理特性及完成换档所需的时间。仅作为发动机运行结果的NI的变化可以从急剧增加NI的全开节气门跨越至急剧减小NI的发动机输出的完全切断。发动机指令可以在这些极端发动机指令之间调整,以基于所需的换档特性产生NI的变化。发动机输出的变化传统地通过节气门设置的变化而完成。然而,本领域技术人员应该知道的是这种节气门的变化需要较大的提前时间,如上所述,其与当发动机接收发动机指令变化时产生的机械变化相关联。可替换地,在发动机输出需要通过某些适度量调整的情况下,并且对于过渡时期,公知的方法是通过延迟点火正时或燃油喷射正时降低燃烧循环中的发动机输出。同时,该方法实现了较之节气门指令变化更迅速的发动机输出变化,并且允许快速存储发动机的前一输出,这种变化通过传递更少的燃烧能量作用于活塞而降低燃油经济性。然而,在例如需要NI适度变化的换档过渡时期中,优选通过点火或喷射变化实现发动机输出变化。此外,可使用一个或多个电机增加发动机输出或通过上述混合动力系方法辅助降低发动机速度。
对初始值与目标值之间转换的约束还包括完成换档所需的时间。总的所需速度阶段时间(TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime)可以基于例如由加速踏板位置所描述的动力系运行的环境而限定。例如,完全踩下加速踏板(100%踏板)的换档意味着操作者需要尽可能快地完成换档及TO任意相关联的减少。0%踏板的惯性向下降档的换档意味着在没有操纵性反向作用的情况下,换档时间可以相对更长。此外,使用初始输入速度增量描述完成所需换档需要的NI的变化度。初始输入速度增量描述了惯性速度阶段开始时的输入速度与如果动力系已经处于所需的工作档位状态,在惯性速度阶段所需的输入速度之间的差。初始输入速度增量可以被建模,被定位于查询表,或通过基于目标输入速度以及输入加速度提前预测曲线的函数确定。图7示例了典型初始输入速度增量。更大的初始输入速度增量意味着在惯性速度阶段NI必须有更大的变化,需要更多发动机输出的急剧变化或更多总需求速度阶段时间。
基于加速踏板位置与初始输入速度增量而设置总的所需速度阶段时间的典型方法包括使用标定的2D查询表。图11以表格形式示例了根据本发明使用典型2D查询表确定惯性速度阶段时间。加速踏板位置与初始NI增量允许NI中所需的变化的估计,如上所述,其中,依次允许总的所需速度阶段时间的估算。查询表中初始NI增量的值可以跨越正值与负值,允许根据升挡与降挡采用不同的标定。
前述示例描述了从固定档位状态至其他固定档位状态的惯性速度阶段,尤其描述了一个过程,通过该过程,NI变化,以匹配目标速度。同样地,在换档至固定档位状态或通过固定档位状态转换的换档过程中,可使用惯性速度阶段将NI匹配至目标速度。这种通过固定档位状态的转换包括通过上述第二固定档位状态的EVT模式I与EVT模式II之间的典型转换。图13图示地示例了根据本发明,通过固定档位状态从一种EVT模式至另一种EVT模式的典型换档。描述的典型换档示出了从EVT模式I,通过第二固定档位,至EVT模式II的换档,其中,EVT模式I具有从模式运行中选择的相应的NI,EVT模式II具有从模式运行中选择的相应的NI。如上所述,为了操作转换至第二固定档位所需要的即将接合的离合器,需要惯性速度阶段将NI匹配至即将接合的离合器所需的输出速度。在从一种模式至固定档位的换档中或在通过档位在模式之间的换档中,在转换离合器不产生任何打滑的情况下,从单个锁止离合器至两个锁止离合器的转换要求将NI与目标速度匹配。NI匹配目标速度的任何变化都可以通过上述方法完成,例如,采用输入加速度实时曲线与相关项控制NI的需求变化。
一旦惯性速度阶段初始处NI的状态、基于所需工作档位状态的目标NI的状态以及总的所需速度阶段时间被确定,就可以描述通过输入加速度实时曲线描绘的转换。正如应该知道的基于任意NI值与时间的比较关系,其中,不同工作档位状态具有基于NO的不同的NI的映射,如图7的NI部分中的虚线所描绘的,惯性速度阶段NI曲线可能采用S型,具有转换至初始与目标NI与NI_DOT值及从初始与目标NI与NI_DOT值转换而来的过渡子阶段,以及与该子阶段相联系的中心子阶段。通过将惯性速度阶段分成三个子阶段,可以描述至输入加速度实时曲线的必要转换。图12描绘了根据本发明,划分为三个子阶段的典型惯性速度阶段。子阶段1描述了从初始NI与NI_DOT值而来的转换。子阶段1的时间T1可以通过以下方程计算。
T1=K1*TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime[2]
K1为0与描述NI所需状态的1之间的标定。K1可以是可变项,由描述所需的换档特性的动力系运行环境的示值设置,或K1为固定的标定值。子阶段3描述了至目标NI与NI_DOT值的转换。用于子阶段3的时间T3可以通过以下方程计算。
T3=K3*TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime[3]
K3为0与描述NI所需状态的1之间的标定,并且可以通过与K1相似的方法设置。子阶段2描述了子阶段1与3之间的转换。时间T2,作为在T1与T3之后设置的总的所需速度阶段时间的剩余部分而限定出,其可以通过以下方程计算。
T2=TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime-T1-T3[4]
子阶段2以图12的典型数据中的直线描述。应该知道的是,根据总的所需速度阶段时间与典型动力系的状态在子阶段2区域中限定出弯曲的过渡。然而,描绘的直线可以是优选地。子阶段2中的NI曲线的斜率描绘了为了完成总的所需速度阶段时间中的所需惯性速度阶段而必须实现的峰值速度阶段的输入加速度(PeakSpeedPhaseInputAccel)。在典型方法中,贯穿子阶段2的NI_DOT为定值,该峰值速度阶段输入加速度可以通过以下典型方程计算。
PeakSpeedPhaseInputAccel = K α * ( N I _ TARGET - N I _ INIT ) TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime + K β - - - [ 5 ]
K α = 1 1 - K 1 2 - K 3 2 - - - [ 6 ]
K β = K α * K 1 2 - - - [ 7 ]
通过描述贯穿惯性速度阶段所需的NI_DOT的状态,可以限定输入加速度实时曲线,以操作惯性速度阶段中NI的变化。
如上所述,发动机对控制指令的反应时间相对于动力系的其他元件的反应时间趋慢。因此,发送给发动机,同时发送给输入加速度实时曲线的发动机指令包括由此产生的NI变化的延迟。替代的,另外公开一种方法,其中,基于描述发动机反应时间的提前期限定输入加速度提前实时曲线。这种提前期可以与以上方程(1)中计算的提前期相同,或可以基于惯性速度阶段中发动机的特定状态而单独计算。例如,因为不存在以NI_DOT运行的电机的直接影响,输入加速度提前实时曲线的提前期可以包括电机因素,以帮助相比于单独的发动机更快地变化NI_DOT。图7中描绘的输入加速度提前实时曲线包括惯性速度阶段开始之前的一部分提前曲线。在从固定档位状态换档的情况下,在换档开始之后,必须发生即将分离的离合器的解锁,在解锁过程中,时限提供一段时期,其中在NI发生所需的变化之前发送指令至发动机。在惯性速度阶段之前的该提前有利于根据上述判定,将惯性速度阶段保持至总的所需速度阶段时间。在无可获得的提前期或可获得的提前期不足以允许输入加速度提前实时曲线根据输入加速度实时曲线对发动机变化产生作用的情况下,可以对惯性速度阶段进行调整,以补偿发动机的反应时间以及由此产生的NI变化的延迟。无提前可能的情况包括从典型EVT模式开始的换档,其中,仅一个离合器初始地接合,并且惯性速度阶段可以一接到指令便实时开始。在这种情况下,惯性速度阶段的初始可以在指令根据确定的提前时间发送至发动机之后延迟。
以上方法描述了作为正值比较的转矩管理过程。本领域技术人员应该知道的是,离合器转矩以正负转矩描述,表示施加于一个旋转方向或另一旋转方向的转矩。上述方法可以用于正或负转矩应用中,其中,转矩的大小以这种方式调整,施加的反应转矩的大小不超出特定离合器的转矩容量的大小。
图8图示地示例了一种情况,其中,已经贯穿惯性速度阶段为发动机控制确定了输入加速度提前实时,并且此外,已经贯穿惯性速度阶段为电机控制确定了输入加速度实时曲线。在惯性速度阶段发动机发生负NI_DOT或减速的情况下,最常见地是这种情况,发动机仅仅允许通过发动机中的内部摩擦与泵力减速。然而,当电机减速时,最常见地以电机仍在动力之下,或反向地,以发电机模式运行而实现。因为电机仍运行在系统控制之下,并且与车辆系统其他部分相联系,所以电动机仍受到系统约束,例如,可以驱动电动机的电池功率。图8以最小输入加速度约束应用这种系统约束。这种约束干涉输入加速度实时,电机控制系统中的算法修改输入加速度实时,以调节约束。一旦约束不再限制电机在输入加速度实时中的运行,算法用于恢复NI_DOT,以对NI所需的变化起作用。
图9示出了用于控制与管理动力系统中的转矩与功率流,并且以可执行算法与标定的形式存在于以上提及的控制模块中的控制系统结构,该动力系统具有多个转矩产生装置,以下参照图1与2中示出的混合动力系统描述。控制系统结构可以用于任意动力系统,该动力系统具有多个转矩产生装置,包括,例如,具有单电机的混合动力系统、具有多电机的混合动力系统以及非混合动力系统。
图9的控制系统结构描绘了通过控制模块的相关信号流。在运行中,监控操作者对加速踏板113与制动踏板112的输入,以确定操作者转矩需求(‘TO_REQ’)。监控发动机14与变速器10的运行,以确定输入速度(‘NI’)以及输出速度(‘NO’)。策略优化控制表(‘策略控制’)310基于输出速度与操作者转矩需求确定优选输入速度(‘NI_DES’)以及优选发动机状态与变速器工作档位状态(‘混合档位状态Des’),并且基于混合动力系的其他工作参数优化,包括电池功率限制与发动机14、变速器10以及第一与第二电机56与72的响应限制。策略优化控制表310优选地通过HCP5在每100ms循环与每25ms循环过程中执行。
策略优化控制表310的输出用于换档执行与发动机启/停控制表(‘换档执行与发动机启/停’)320,以控制包括改变工作档位状态的变速器运行的变化(‘变速器指令’)。这其中包括如果通过控制一个或多个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73以及C4 75的应用,优选的工作档位状态不同于当前的工作档位状态时工作档位状态变化的指令执行以及其他变速器指令。可以确定当前工作档位状态(‘混合档位状态实际值’)与输入速度曲线(‘NI_PROF’)。输入速度曲线为即将到来的输入速度的估值,并且优选地包括标量参数值,该值为用于即将到来的循环的目标输入速度。在变速器工作档位状态的转换过程中,发动机运行指令与操作者转矩需求均基于输入速度曲线。
策略控制表(‘策略控制与运行’)330在控制循环之一中反复执行,以确定用于操作发动机的发动机指令(‘发动机指令’),包括基于输出速度、输入速度、操作者转矩需求以及变速器的当前工作档位状态的从发动机14至变速器10的优选地输入转矩。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,该发动机状态包括全缸工作状态以及停缸工作状态之一,其中,停缸工作状态为一部分发动机汽缸停止并且不提供燃料,发动机状态包括燃料供给状态与燃料切断状态。
每个离合器的离合器转矩(‘TCL’)均在TCM 17中估算,包括当前应用的离合器与非应用的离合器,并且在ECM 23中确定与输入元件12发生作用的当前发动机输入转矩(‘TI’)。执行电动机转矩控制表(‘输出与电动机转矩确定’)340,以确定来自动力系的优选输出转矩(‘TO_CMD’),其包括在该实施例中用于控制第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。优选地输出转矩是基于每个离合器的估算离合器转矩、来自发动机14的当前输入转矩、当前工作档位状态、输入速度、操作者转矩需求、以及输入速度曲线。第一与第二电机56与72通过TPIM 19控制,以满足基于优选输出转矩的优选电动机转矩指令。电动机转矩控制表340包括算法代码,其在6.25ms与12.5ms循环过程中规则执行,以确定优选电动机转矩指令。
图10为根据本发明的,更详细地描述例如图9中的系统的控制系统结构的更详细的典型执行,示例贯穿换档执行过程的数据流的示意图。示例了动力系控制系统400,其包括几个混合驱动元件,包括发动机410、电机420以及液压离合器430。示例了控制模块策略控制模块310、换档执行模块450、离合器容量控制模块460、策略控制与运行模块330、输出与电动机转矩确定模块340以及离合器控制模块490,处理信息,并且向发动机410、电机420以及液压离合器430发送控制指令。这些控制模块可以物理分隔,并且以许多不同的控制装置集合在一起,或在单个物理控制装置中整体完成。模块310,策略控制模块,实现关于如图9中描述的优选动力系工作点与优选工作档位状态的确定。模块450,换档执行模块,接收来自策略控制模块310的输入及其他关于换档起始的资源。模块450处理关于通过离合器当前传递的反应转矩与将要转换至的优选工作档位状态的输入。模块450随后使用程序设计,确定换档执行的参数,包括描述转矩提供装置的输入转矩需求的平衡的混合档位状态参数,详细描述关于需求用于执行优选工作档位状态转换的目标输入速度与输入加速度提前预测,如前所述的输入加速度提前实时,以及如前所述的离合器反应转矩提前实时最小值与最大值及离合器反应转矩实时最小值与最大值。离合器反应转矩参数与混合档位状态信息从模块450供应给离合器容量控制模块460,提前控制参数与信号供应给策略控制与运行模块330,并且实时控制参数与信号供应给输出与电动机转矩确定模块340。离合器容量控制模块460处理反应转矩及混合档位状态信息,并且产生描述离合器反应转矩限制的逻辑,其使得根据在此描述的方法,通过模块330控制发动机、通过模块340控制电机以及通过模块490控制离合器。策略控制与运行模块330包括发送转矩需求,并且在由发动机410供应的输入转矩上执行限制以及馈送的装置,此外,描述了从发动机供应给用于电机420控制的模块340的输入转矩。输出与电动机转矩确定模块340同样的接收与处理信息,以向电机420发送电机转矩需求。此外,模块340产生用于离合器控制模块490使用的离合器反应转矩指令。为了实现操作变速器所需的离合器转矩容量需求,模块490处理来自模块460与340的信息,并且发送液压指令。该数据流的特定实施例示例了一个可能的典型过程,通过该过程,可以根据此处公开的方法控制车辆的转矩产生装置及相关离合器。本领域技术人员应该知道的是,可以改变使用的特定过程,并且本发明并不旨在限制于此处描述的特定典型实施例。
以上方法描述了存在于理想曲线中的数据,描述数据以高分辨率监控,其足以基本上跟踪相关的NI值以及控制动力系需求的其他项。然而,应该知道的是,数据不是必须以这种高分辨率在动力系中监控。此外,不同的数据设置能够以不同的采样率监控。滤波器是本领域公知的平滑噪音或降低分辨率数据的装置。然而,这种滤波器在产生的数据中引入了延迟。以上描述的方法,尤其在其中,监控的数据用于确定合适的反应,并且向发动机、电机、离合器或动力系的其他部件发送指令,该方法优选地包括指示传感器监控延迟或滤波器延迟的传感器延迟因素与根据本领域公知的数据处理方法的协调。
应该知道的是,在本发明的范围内修改是允许的。已经特别参考优选实施例及对其的修改描述了本发明。在阅读与理解说明书后,可以对其他内容作进一步的修改与替换。其旨在包括所有这样进入到本发明的范围之内的修改与替换。

Claims (5)

1.控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括电-机械变速器,电-机械变速器机械可操作地连接至内燃机与电机,其适于选择性地将机械动力传递至输出元件,所述方法包括在换档过程中:
确定控制发动机与电机的多个输入加速度曲线,包括:
        基于从初始输入速度至目标输入速度的转换以及基于输入加速度提前预测曲线确定输入加速度实时曲线;以及
    确定输入加速度提前实时曲线,其中,所述输入加速度实时曲线基于对所述发动机与所述电机的反应时间标定的提前期自所述输入加速度提前实时曲线延迟;
        其中,确定所述输入加速度实时曲线包括:
                确定总的所需速度阶段时间;
                基于所述总的所需速度阶段时间确定第一子阶段时间;
                基于所述总的所需速度阶段时间确定第三子阶段时间;
                基于所述总的所需速度阶段时间、所述第一子阶段时间以及所述第三子阶段时间确定第二子阶段时间;以及
                基于所述第一子阶段时间、所述第二子阶段时间、所述第三子阶段时间以及峰值速度阶段的输入加速度来确定所述输入加速度实时曲线;
确定输入速度曲线,其中所述输入速度曲线包括基于从初始输入速度至目标输入速度的转换以及基于输入加速度提前预测曲线的S型曲线;以及
基于输入速度曲线控制发动机与电机的运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中确定多个输入速度加速度曲线,包括:
基于所需的输入速度转换确定输入加速度提前实时曲线;以及
基于所述输入加速度提前实时曲线确定输入加速度实时曲线,并且基于对所述动力系中的转矩产生装置的反应时间标定的提前期而延迟。
3.采用了根据权利要求1所述的方法的控制动力系的装置,所述动力系包括电-机械变速器,所述电-机械变速器机械可操作地连接至内燃机与电机,其适于选择性地将机械动力传递至输出元件,所述控制动力系的装置包括:
将转矩从输入元件传递至所述输出元件的变速器中的选择性地应用的离合器;以及
换档执行模块,所述换档执行模块包括:
        确定用于控制发动机与电机的多个输入加速度曲线的模块;
        确定输入速度曲线的模块;以及
        基于输入速度曲线控制发动机与电机的运行的模块。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中,所述确定用于控制发动机与电机的多个输入加速度曲线的模块包括:
基于从初始输入速度至目标输入速度的转换以及基于输入加速度提前预测曲线确定输入加速度实时曲线的模块;以及
确定输入加速度提前实时曲线的模块,其中,所述输入加速度实时曲线基于对所述发动机与所述电机的反应时间标定的提前期自所述输入加速度提前实时曲线延迟。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述基于从初始输入速度至目标输入速度的转换以及基于输入加速度提前预测曲线确定输入加速度实时曲线的模块包括:
确定总的所需速度阶段时间的模块;
基于所述总的所需速度阶段时间确定第一子阶段时间的模块;
基于所述总的所需速度阶段时间确定第三子阶段时间的模块;
基于所述总的所需速度阶段时间、所述第一子阶段时间以及所述第三子阶段时间确定第二子阶段时间的模块;以及
基于所述第一子阶段时间、所述第二子阶段时间、所述第三子阶段时间以及峰值速度阶段的输入加速度确定所述输入加速度实时曲线的模块。
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