CN101531197B - 混合动力系用将接合打滑离合器转矩异步换档方法和设备 - Google Patents

混合动力系用将接合打滑离合器转矩异步换档方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101531197B
CN101531197B CN2008101910808A CN200810191080A CN101531197B CN 101531197 B CN101531197 B CN 101531197B CN 2008101910808 A CN2008101910808 A CN 2008101910808A CN 200810191080 A CN200810191080 A CN 200810191080A CN 101531197 B CN101531197 B CN 101531197B
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transfer clutch
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CN101531197A (zh
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A·H·希普
J·-J·F·萨
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/105Infinitely variable gearings of electric type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/19Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/04Monitoring the functioning of the control system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/06Smoothing ratio shift by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure
    • F16H61/061Smoothing ratio shift by controlling rate of change of fluid pressure using electric control means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/50Signals to an engine or motor
    • F16H63/502Signals to an engine or motor for smoothing gear shifts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10Accelerator pedal position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12Brake pedal position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H61/0403Synchronisation before shifting
    • F16H2061/0422Synchronisation before shifting by an electric machine, e.g. by accelerating or braking the input shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2306/00Shifting
    • F16H2306/40Shifting activities
    • F16H2306/48Synchronising of new gear
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

一种混合动力系用将接合打滑离合器转矩异步换档方法和设备。控制包含变速器、发动机和电机的动力系的方法,其包括:监控包括将接合的离合器的期望的变速器换挡,监控动力系的操作参数,监控最大电机转矩容量,确定期望的变速器换挡过程中的期望输出转矩曲线,基于最大电机转矩容量和操作参数确定变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线,比较期望的输出转矩曲线和最大电机转矩容量曲线,基于所述比较确定期望的变速器换挡过程中的优选将接合的离合器的转矩曲线,以及基于优选将接合的离合器的转矩曲线执行离合器辅助换挡。

Description

混合动力系用将接合打滑离合器转矩异步换档方法和设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年11月4日提交的美国临时申请No.60/985283的优先权利,并在此引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括机械地-操作地联接到内燃发动机上的电-机械变速器和适于选择性地传递机械功率给变速器输出元件的电机。
背景技术
本节说明仅仅是提供与本发明有关的背景资料,其可能并不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括转矩产生装置,这些转矩产生装置包括内燃机和电机,这些转矩产生装置通过变速器装置向输出元件传递转矩。一种示例性的动力系包括输出元件和双模式、复合-分离的电-机械变速器,该变速器利用输入元件接收来自于优选为内燃机的原动机动力源的驱动转矩。该输出元件可以操作地连接到机动车的传动系上,用于将牵引转矩传递给该传动系。作为电动机或发电机工作的电机产生给变速器的输入转矩,该输入转矩独立于来自内燃机的输入转矩。这些电机可以将通过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转换成可存储在电能存储设备中的电能。控制系统监控来自于车辆和驾驶员的各种输入,并且为动力系提供操作控制,包括控制变速器的运行范围状态和换档,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电力交换以管理变速器的输出,包括转矩和转速。
为了向输出元件提供转矩,混合动力系内的变速器(如上所描述)通过传递和处理转矩提供若干种功能。为了提供所需要的特定功能,变速器在其内部的限定了通过该变速器的转矩传递的若干运行范围状态或者配置之间进行选择。已知的变速器使用包括固定档位状态或者具有限定传动比的状态在内的运行范围状态。例如,变速器可以使用四个顺序排列的固定档位状态并且允许在这四个固定档位状态之间进行选择以提供覆盖了很宽的输出元件速度范围的输出转矩。附加地或可替换地,已知的变速器也允许连续变化的运行范围状态或者模式状态,例如通过使用行星齿轮组来实现,其中变速器所提供的传动比可以在一种范围内变化,以便调节由特定组的输入所提供的输出速度和输出转矩。另外,变速器可以在空档状态下运行,在这种状态下中止经由变速器传递的所有转矩。另外,变速器可以在反向模式下运行,在这种模式下变速器接收用于正常向前运行的具有特定旋转方向的输出转矩和颠倒输出元件的旋转方向。通过选择不同的运行范围状态,变速器对于给定的输入可以提供一定范围的输出。
混合动力系车辆中的上述装置的运行需要管理用于连接上面所提到的发动机、电机和传动系的若干转矩承受轴或装置。来自发动机的输入转矩和来自一个或多个电机的输入转矩可以被单独施加或者共同施加来提供输出转矩。然而,变速器所要求的输出转矩的变化(例如由于驾驶员踏板位置的变化或者由于运行范围状态的变换导致的)必须得到平稳地处理。特别难管理的是输入转矩,这些输入转矩被同时施加给变速器,却对控制输入具有不同的反应时间。基于单一的控制输入,各种装置可以在不同的时间处改变各自的输入转矩,结果导致通过变速器施加的整个转矩的突然改变的增加。对于施加给变速器的各种输入转矩的突然或者不协调的改变可以导致车辆加速度或者加加速度的明显变化,这会会对车辆的驾驶性能产生不利的影响。
混合驱动系统的各种上述部件之间的各种控制方案和操作性连接都是公知的,并且控制系统必须能够使变速器与所述各种部件接合和使它们分离,以便执行混合动力系统的功能。已知接合和分离是在变速器内通过使用可选择性操作的离合器完成的。本领域中的人熟知离合器是用来接合和分离轴的装置,包括管理轴之间的转速和转矩差异。接合或者锁定、分离或者解锁、被接合或者被锁定操作下的运行,以及被分离或者被解锁操作下的运行都是离合器状态,为了车辆正确而平稳地运行必须要对这些状态进行管理。
已知离合器有多种设计和控制方法。一种已知的离合器类型就是通过两个连接表面的分离或者结合来操作的机械式离合器,例如离合片,结合时的运行在彼此之间施加摩擦转矩。一种用于控制这种机械式离合器的控制方法包括采用液压控制系统施加通过液压管线传递的液压压力来施加或者释放两个连接表面之间的夹紧力。如此操作,离合器不是以二元模式运行,而是具有接合状态的范围,也就是从完全分离到同步但没有接合,到接合但只有最小的夹紧力,再到具有某种最大夹紧力的接合。施加给离合器的夹紧力决定了离合器在其滑移之前可以承载多大的反作用转矩。通过调节夹紧力的各种离合器控制允许在锁定和解锁之间的转换,并且进一步允许管理已锁变速器中的滑移。另外,液压管线所能施加的最大夹紧力也可以随车辆运行状态改变,并且可以基于控制策略对其进行调节。
已知一些离合器的操作是不同步地,这些离合器被设计成在锁定状态和解锁状态之间的转换过程中提供一定程度的滑移。已知另外一些离合器的操作是同步的,这些离合器被设计成匹配连接表面的速度或者在连接表面被夹在一起之前同步化。本发明主要处理被设计主要用于同步操作的离合器。
当意图同步化和锁定离合器的连接表面时,无论何时只要施加在离合器上的反作用转矩超过所施加的夹紧力所产生的实际转矩容量,离合器连接表面之间就会发生滑移或者相对旋转运动。使用了设计用于同步操作的离合器的变速器中出现的滑移导致了变速器内的无法预料的转矩控制损失,导致了由来自变速器的反转矩的突然变化所引起的发动机速度控制损失和电机速度控制损失,以及导致了车辆加速度的突然改变,其驾驶性能产生了负面影响。
变速器运行可以使用单个离合器在多种输入和一种输出之间传递反作用转矩。变速器运行也可以使用多个离合器在多种输入和一种输出之间传递反作用转矩。运行范围状态的选择取决于离合器的选择性接合,可允许的不同组合会导致不同的运行范围状态。
从一种运行范围状态到另一种运行范围状态的转换包括变换至少一个离合器状态。从一种固定档位状态到另一种固定档位的示例性转换包括:卸载第一离合器,通过空转(其中没有离合器保持接合)或者惯性速度阶段(其中至少一个离合器保持结合)转换,然后加载第二离合器。在被卸载之前,连接到锁定且同步的离合器上的传动系受到输出转矩的作用,该输出转矩作为输入转矩和变速器中的降低因素的结果是通过变速器产生的。在这样的转矩传递状态中,在换挡期间如此配置的变速器被称作处于转矩阶段中。在转矩阶段中,车辆速度和车辆加速度是输出转矩和其它作用在车辆上的力的函数。卸载离合器要将所有输入转矩从先前锁定且同步的离合器上除去。结果是,之前通过该离合器施加给输出转矩的所有推进力被迅速地降为零。在一种示例性配置中,当变速器同步化第二离合器时,另一离合器保持接合,并且传递转矩到输出。在这种配置中,变速器处于惯性速度阶段。当要被加载的第二个离合器被同步化并且被加载,变速器再一次进入转矩阶段,其中车辆速度和车辆加速度是输出转矩和其它作用在车辆上的力的函数。尽管由于离合器卸载和加载而导致的输出转矩变化或者中断是变速器运行范围状态转换的正常部分,但输出转矩变化的有序管理仍然会降低换档对驾驶性能的冲击。
如上面所描述的,设计用于同步运行的离合器中的滑移通常是不希望出现的结果。但是,特殊的离合器设计仍然可以允许在另外的同步控制方案内部的受控滑移以实现特殊的目标。一种受控滑脱有用的示例性目标是帮助控制离合器的输入元件达到新的输入速度。通过受控滑移事件利用同步离合器帮助控制输入元件的方法将有益于离合器操作的多个方面。
发明内容
动力系包括机械地-操作地联接内燃机和电机的电-机械变速器,其适于选择性地传递机械功率给输出元件。一种控制该动力系的方法包括:监控包括将接合的离合器的期望的离合器换挡,监控该动力系的操作参数,监控最大电机转矩容量,确定期望的变速器换挡过程中的期望的输出转矩曲线,基于最大电机转矩容量和操作参数确定期望的变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线,比较期望的输出转矩曲线和最大电机转矩容量曲线,基于所述的比较确定期望的离合器换档过程中的优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,并基于优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线执行离合器辅助换档。
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种改进的控制动力系的方法,该方法通过优化离合器转矩来实现期望的变速器换挡过程。
本发明提供一种用于控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括机械地-操作地联接到内燃发动机上的电-机械变速器和适于选择性地传递机械功率给变速器输出元件的电机,所述方法包括:监控期望的变速器换挡;监控所述动力系的运行参数;监控最大电机转矩容量;监控离合器功率极限;确定所述期望的变速器换挡过程中的期望输出转矩曲线;基于所述最大电机转矩容量和所述运行参数,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线;比较所述期望输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线;基于所述的比较和所述离合器功率极限,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线;基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,执行离合器辅助换挡。
在本发明的又一个方面,基于所述离合器功率极限确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线包括:通过对将接合的离合器传递的转矩和将接合的离合器打滑速度的积求积分,确定变速器换挡过程中的离合器能量曲线;比较所述期望变速器换挡过程中的所述离合器能量曲线和所述离合器功率极限;以及基于所述离合器能量曲线和所述离合器功率极限的所述比较,限制所述将接合的离合器转矩曲线。
在本发明的又一个方面,所述动力系进一步包括第二电机,监控所述最大电机转矩容量包括监控所述这些电机一起提供转矩的能力。
在本发明的又一个方面,监控所述动力系的运行参数包括:监控当前的发动机输出;监控至将接合离合器的输入元件的当前输入速度;监控至将接合离合器的输出元件的当前输出速度;以及监控所请求的输出转矩。
在本发明的另一个方面,执行所述的离合器辅助换挡包括:在将接合的离合器的打滑速度达到零之前,执行所述期望变速器换挡的离合器辅助部分;以及在将接合的离合器的打滑速度达到零之后,执行所述期望变速器换挡的同步部分。
本发明还提供一种用于控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括机械地-操作地联接到内燃发动机上的电-机械变速器和适于选择性地传递机械功率给变速器输出元件的电机,所述方法包括:监控期望的变速器换挡;监控所述动力系的运行参数;监控最大电机转矩容量;确定所述期望的变速器换挡过程中的期望输出转矩曲线;基于所述最大电机转矩容量和所述运行参数,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线;比较所述期望输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线;基于所述的比较,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线;基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,执行离合器辅助换挡,其中:所述期望的变速器换挡包括换挡到模式运行范围状态,基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线执行所述的离合器辅助换挡包括基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,利用将接合的离合器产生转矩,然后再分离所述将接合的离合器。
在本发明的又一方面,确定所述电机能否达到所述输出转矩曲线包括:基于所述期望变速器换挡和所述动力系的所述操作,确定期望的输出转矩曲线;基于所述动力系的所述操作,确定最大电机转矩容量;基于所述最大电机转矩容量和所述输出转矩曲线,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线;比较所述期望的输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线。
在本发明的又一方面,确定所述输出转矩曲线是基于将所述将接合的离合器的输入元件从与当前运行范围状态同步的输入速度变换到换挡之后的与目标运行范围状态同步的目标输入速度。
在本发明的又一方面,确定所述将接合的离合器的所述离合器辅助操作和所述电机能否达到所述输出转矩曲线包括基于所述期望的输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线确定所述期望的变速器换挡过程中的输出转矩不足曲线。
在本发明的又一方面,方法进一步包括:如果所述将接合的离合器的所述离合器辅助操作和所述电机不能达到所述输出转矩曲线,则利用所述发动机、所述将接合的离合器的所述离合器辅助操作和所述电机完成所述输出转矩曲线。
附图说明
现在参照附图并通过举例的方式来描述一个或多个实施例。
图1为根据本发明的示例性动力系的示意图,该示例性动力系包括操作性地连接到发动机和第一、第二电机上的双模式、复合-分离、电-机械混合变速器;
图2为根据本发明的一种示例性分布式控制模块系统的示意性方块图。
图3根据本发明图示了示例性混合动力系的部件对转矩请求变化的反应时间;
图4根据本发明显示了一种示例性混合动力系变速器的档位转换关系,特别是如图1和表1的具体实施例所示的;
图5-7根据本发明描绘了结合起来实现示例性换挡的示例性过程;
图5图示了示例性过渡解锁状态中与离合器相关的转矩项;
图6图示了示例性过渡锁定状态中与离合器相关的转矩项;
图7根据本发明图示了描述变速器的示例性惯性速度阶段的项;
图8根据本发明以表格的形式举例说明确定惯性速度阶段时间的示例性二维查找表的使用;
图9根据本发明描述了被分成三个子阶段的示例性惯性速度阶段;
图10根据本发明图示了系统约束被强加到即时控制信号上的例子,暂时超控(override)由控制信号所设定的最大/最小值;
图11和12根据本发明用图对比了示例性同步换挡和被用来在换挡过程中提供TC的异步换挡。
图11为根据本发明的示例性同步换档,在本文公开的实施例中将会对此进行描述。
图12为根据本发明的示例性异步换挡,其在换挡过程中提供TC以辅助NI变化。
图13根据本发明图示了本文所描述的输出转矩项在变速器换挡过程中的使用。
图14根据本发明图示了包括限制项的输入和输出转矩项在变速器换挡过程中的使用。
图15根据本发明举例说明了在惯性速度阶段控制动力系的示例性过程,其利用将接合的离合器转矩维持输出转矩。
图16根据本发明示出了控制和管理动力系中的转矩流和功率流的示例性控制系统结构,该动力系具有多个转矩产生装置,在控制模块中驻留有可执行的算法和校准值。
图17是根据本发明的换档执行中的示例性数据流的示意图,其更加详细地描述了示例性执行图16所示控制系统结构的更多细节。
具体实施方式
现在参看附图,其中附图只是为了示出某些示例性实施例,而不是限制这些实施例,图1和2描绘了一种示例性电-机械混合动力系。图1所描绘的本发明的该示例性电-机械混合动力系包括双模式、混合-分离、电-机械混合变速器10,该变速器10操作连接至发动机14和第一和第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72。发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72每个都产生能传递给变速器10的功率。由发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72所产生的并且传递给变速器10的功率用术语输入转矩(在这里分别称为TI、TA和TB)和速度(这里分别称为NI、NA和NB)来描述。
示例性发动机14包括多缸内燃发动机,其选择性地在多个状态下运转,以经由输入轴12将转矩传递给变速器10,该发动机14可以是点燃式或者压燃式发动机。发动机14包括操作联接到变速器10的输入轴12上的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。从发动机14输出的功率输出(由转速和输出转矩构成)可能与传递给变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI不同,这是由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上放置了转矩消耗部件,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置。
该示例性的变速器10包含三组行星齿轮组24、26、28以及四个选择性接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C170、C262、C373和C475。本文所使用的离合器是指任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如它们包括单盘式或复合盘式离合器或组件、带式离合器及制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(下面用‘TCM’表示)17控制的液压控制回路(HYD)42操作控制离合器的状态。离合器C262和C475优选包括液压接合的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C170和C373优选包括可选择性地接到变速器壳体68上的液压控制固定装置。离合器C170、C262、C373和C475中的每一个都优选是以液压方式接合的,选择性地通过液压控制回路42接收已加压的液压流体。
第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流电机以及各自的第一和第二解算器(resolver)80和82,每个三相交流电机都包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)。每个电机的电机定子都接到变速器壳体68的外部上,并且还包括定子心,盘绕的电绕组自该定子心开始延伸。第一电机56的转子支撑在毂盘齿轮(hubplate gear)上,该毂盘齿轮经由第二行星齿轮组26操作地附接到轴60上。第二电机72的转子固定地附接到衬套轴毂(sleeve shaft hub)66上。
第一和第二解算器80、82的每一个优选都包括可变磁阻装置,该可变磁阻装置包括解算器定子(未示出)和解算器转子(未示出)。第一和第二解算器80和82分别被适当地定位和安装在对应的第一和第二电机56和72上。该解算器80和82的定子分别操作连接到第一和第二电机56和72的定子之一上。解算器的转子操作连接到对应的第一和第二电机56和72的转子上。第一和第二解算器80和82每个都信号连接和操作连接到变速器功率变换器控制模块(下面用‘TPIM’表示)19上,并且每个解算器检测和监控解算器转子相对于解算器定子的旋转位置,从而监控对应的第一和第二电机56和72的旋转位置。此外,将来自于第一和第二解算器80和82的信号输出进行解释,以分别提供第一和第二电机56和72的转速,即NA和NB
变速器10包括输出元件64,例如轴,其可操作地连接车辆(未示出)的传动系90,以便提供输出功率(例如向车轮93提供输出功率),在图1中示出了该车轮93中的一个。输出功率用术语输出转速NO和输出转矩TO来表征。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速和旋转方向。车轮93的每一个优选地都配有适于监测车轮速度VSS-WHL的传感器94,该传感器94的输出由针对图2所描述的分布式控制模块系统中的一控制模块来监控,以确定用于制动控制、牵引控制和车辆加速管理的车辆速度以及绝对的和相对的车轮速度。
来自发动机14以及第一和第二电机56和72的输入转矩(分别为TI、TA和TB)是由燃料或存储于电能存储装置(下面用‘ESD’来表示)74中的电势能的能量转化而产生的。ESD74经由直流电传递导线27而高压直流地连接到TPIM19。传递导线27包括接触器开关38。在正常工况下,当接触器开关38闭合时,电流能够在ESD74和TPIM19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,ESD74和TPIM19之间的电流流动则中断。通过传递导线29,TPIM19将电能传递给第一电机56,及传递来自于第一电机56的电能,并且类似地,通过传递导线31,TPIM19将电能传递给第二电机72,及传递来自于第二电机72的电能,以响应对第一和第二电机56和72的转矩请求,从而实现该输入转矩TA和TB。电流被传递给ESD74及从ESD74中输出是要依据ESD74是被充电还是被放电。
TPIM19包括一对功率变换器(未示出)和对应的电机控制模块(未示出),该电机控制模块配置成接受转矩命令并基于此来控制变换器状态,以便提供电机驱动或者再生功能,从而满足所命令的电机转矩TA和TB。功率变换器包括公知的互补型三相功率电子装置,每个装置都包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),其通过高频下的转换而将来自ESD74的直流电转变为交流电,用于为相应的第一和第二电机56和72提供功率。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成为用于接收控制命令的开关模式功率供给源。典型地,每一个三相电机的每一相都配有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。通过控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态来提供电机驱动机械能的产生或者电能再生的功能。三相变换器通过直流电传递导线27接收或者提供直流电,并且把直流电转化为三相交流电或者将三相交流电转化为直流电,该交流电分别通过传递导线29和31传导给第一和第二电机56和72或从第一和第二电机56和72传导出,以便作为电动机或者发电机工作。
图2示出了分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。下文中将描述的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的一个子集,其对图1所描述的示例性动力系提供了协调系统控制。该分布式控制模块系统综合有关的信息和输入,并且执行算法来控制各个致动器以实现控制目标,这些控制目标包括:燃油经济性、排放物、性能、驾驶性能以及包括ESD74的电池及第一和第二电机56和72在内的硬件的保护。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(下面用‘ECM’来表示)23、TCM17、电池组控制模块(接下来用’BPCM’来表示)21以及TPIM19。混合控制模块(下面用‘HCP’来表示)5对ECM23、TCM17、BPCM21和TPIM19提供监督控制和协调。用户接口(‘UI’)13操作连接至多个装置,通过这些装置,车辆驾驶员就能控制或者指挥电-机械混合动力系的运行。这些装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’)、驾驶员制动踏板112(‘BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’)和车辆速度巡航控制器(未示出),其中,由加速踏板113确定驾驶员转矩请求。变速器档位选择器114可以具有离散数目的驾驶员可选位置,这些可选位置包括输出元件64的旋转方向,以便能实现前进和倒退方向之一。
前面提到的这些控制模块通过局域网(下面用‘LAN’来表示)总线6与其它控制模块、传感器和致动器通信。LAN总线6允许在各种控制模块之间进行运行参数状态和致动器命令信号的结构化通信。所采用的特定通信协议是专用的(application-specific)。LAN总线6和合适的协议在前面提到的控制模块之间以及和其他控制模块之间提供了鲁棒通讯和多控制模块接口连接,这些其他控制模块提供了诸如防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性等功能。可以用多个通信总线来改进通信速度,并提供某种水平的信号冗余性和完整性。使用直接链路,例如串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出),还可以进行各个控制模块之间的通信。
HCP5能对动力系提供监督控制,用于ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19和BPCM21的协调运行。基于来自用户接口13和包括ESD74在内的动力系的各种输入信号,HCP5生成各种命令,包括:驾驶员转矩请求(‘TO_REQ’)、输出至传动系90的命令输出转矩(‘TCMD’)、发动机输入转矩请求、变速器10的转矩传递离合器C170、C262、C373、C475的离合器转矩、以及第一和第二电机56和72各自的转矩请求。TCM17操作连接到液压控制回路42并提供各种功能,包括监测各种压力传感装置(未示出)和产生和传送控制信号至各种螺线管(未示出),从而控制液压控制回路42内包含的压力开关和控制阀。
ECM23操作连接至发动机14,其作用是在多条离散线路上从传感器获取数据并控制发动机14的致动器,为了简便起见,该多条离散线路图示为总的双向接口电缆35。ECM23接收来自于HCP5的发动机输入转矩请求。ECM23根据监控到的发动机速度和负载确定出在那一时间点提供给变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,该实际发动机输入转矩TI被传送至HCP5。ECM23监控来自转速传感器11的输入,以确定到达输入轴12的发动机输入速度,该发动机输入速度转化为变速器的输入速度NI。ECM23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定包括如歧管压力、发动机冷却液温度、环境空气温度以及环境压力在内的其他发动机运行参数的状态。例如,从歧管压力或者可替代地从监控给加速踏板113的驾驶员输入可以确定发动机负载。ECM23产生命令信号,并且传输这些命令信号来控制发动机致动器,这些致动器包括例如喷油器、点火模块和节气门控制模块,这些在图中都没有示出。
TCM17操作连接至变速器10并且监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM17产生命令信号,并且传输这些信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。由TCM17输入给HCP5的输入包括:离合器(即C170、C262、C373和C475)中的每一个的估计离合器转矩,以及输出元件64的旋转输出速度NO。出于控制目的,其他致动器和传感器可用来自TCM17向HCP5提供附加信息。TCM17监控来自于压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地致动液压控制回路42中的压力控制电磁阀(未示出)和换档电磁阀(未示出),以选择性地致动各离合器C170、C262、C373和C475,进而实现如下面所描述的各种变速器运行范围状态。
BPCM21信号连接至传感器(未示出)以监控ESD74,包括监控电流和电压参数的状态,以向HCP5提供表示ESD74的电池的参数状态的信息。该电池的这些参数状态优选包括电池荷电状态、电池电压、电池温度及用范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX来表示的可用电池功率。
控制模块ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19和BPCM21每一个优选都是通用数字计算机,该数字计算机包括微处理器或中央处理单元、存储介质(包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存储器(‘RAM’),可电编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’))、高速时钟、模拟/数字(‘A/D’)和数字/模拟(‘D/A’)转换电路、以及输入/输出电路和装置(‘I/O’)、和适宜的信号调节和缓冲电路。每个控制模块都包括一组控制算法,该算法包括存储于存储介质之一中的驻留程序命令和校验(calibration),执行该算法来提供各计算机的相应功能。控制模块之间的信息传递优选由LAN总线6和SPI总线来完成。在预设的循环周期中执行该控制算法使得每个算法在每个循环周期中至少被执行一次。由中央处理单元之一采用预设的校验来执行存储于非易失性存储器装置中的算法,以监控来自于传感装置的输入,及执行控制致动器运行的控制和诊断程序。定期执行循环周期,例如在动力系运行期间每3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒执行一次。或者,响应事件的发生而执行算法。
该示例性动力系可选择性地在若干运行范围状态之一下运行,这些状态可以用包含发动机开状态(‘ON’)和发动机关状态(‘OFF’)的发动机状态以及包含多个固定档位和无级变速运行模式的变速器状态来描述,下面参考表1对这些状态进行描述。
表1
表中描述了各个变速器运行范围状态,并指出在每个运行范围状态中特定离合器C170、C262、C373和C475中的哪些被接合。通过接合离合器C170(只为了将第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮元件“接地”),从而选择第一无级变速模式,即EVT模式I或MI。发动机状态可以是ON(‘MI_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘MI_Eng_Off’)之一。通过接合离合器C262(只将轴60接到第三行星齿轮组28的架上),从而选择第二无级变速模式,即EVT模式II或MII。发动机状态可以是ON(‘MII_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘MII_Eng_Off’)之一。为了便于说明,当发动机状态是OFF时,发动机输入速度等于0转每分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位运行提供了变速器10的输入比输出速度的固定传动比运行,即实现NI/NO。通过接合离合器C170和C475,而选择第一固定档位运行(‘FG1’)。通过接合离合器C170和C262而选择第二固定档位运行(‘FG2’)。通过接合离合器C262和C475而选择第三固定档位运行(‘FG3’)。通过接合离合器C262和C373而选择第四固定档位运行(‘FG4’)。由于行星齿轮组24、26和28中的减小的传动比,输入比输出速度的固定传动比运行随着固定档位运行的升高而增加。第一和第二电机56和72的转速NA和NB分别取决于由离合操作所限定的该机构的内部旋转,且与在输入轴12处所测得的输入速度成比例。
作为对由用户接口13所捕获的经由加速踏板113和制动踏板112输入的驾驶员输入的响应,HCP5和一个或多个其他控制模块确定出该命令输出转矩TCMD,以便满足在输出元件64处执行并传递给传动系90的驾驶员转矩请求TO_REQ。最终的车辆加速受到其他因素的影响,这些其它因素包括,例如路面载荷、道路等级以及车辆重量。基于动力系的各种运行特性可以确定出变速器的运行范围状态。这包括如前面所描述的,通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传输给用户接口13的驾驶员转矩请求。在电能产生模式或转矩产生模式下,根据由运行第一和第二电机56和72的命令所导致的动力系的转矩要求,可以断定该运行范围状态。该运行范围状态可以通过优化算法或程序来确定,例如在HCP5的混合战略控制模块中开始进行,该优化算法或程序根据驾驶员的功率要求、电池荷电状态以及发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的能效确定最优的系统效率。控制系统根据所执行的优化程序的结果来管理来自于发动机14及第一和第二电机56和72的转矩输入,并且由此使管理燃油经济性及电池充电的系统效率得到优化。此外,还可以根据部件或系统的故障来决定操作。HCP5监控转矩产生装置,并且确定变速器10的功率输出,以实现满足驾驶员转矩请求所需要的输出转矩。根据上面所描述的,显然,ESD74与第一和第二电机56和72操作电连接以便在它们之间形成功率流。此外,发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72以及电-机械变速器10操作地机械连接以在它们之间传递功率,进而向输出元件64传递功率流。
如上面所讨论的,管理输出转矩以保持驾驶性能在控制混合动力系统中是优先的。通过变速器所施加的转矩响应于输出转矩请求变化的任何变化都会导致施加给传动系的输出转矩发生变化,从而导致车辆推进力的变化和车辆加速度的变化。转矩请求的变化可以来自于驾驶员输入(比如涉及驾驶员转矩请求的踏板位置)、车辆中的自动控制变化(例如巡航控制或者其它控制策略)、或者响应环境条件的发动机变化(例如车辆遇到上坡或者下坡)。通过控制施加给混合动力系内的变速器的各种输入转矩的变化,就可以控制和最小化车辆加速度的突然变化,以便减小对驾驶性能的负面影响。
如本领域普通技术人员所知的,任何控制系统都包括反应时间。动力系的运行点的改变由控制信号的变化驱动,所述动力系的运行点包括获得期望的车辆运行所要求的动力系的各种部件的速度和转矩。这些控制信号变化作用于动力系的各种部件,并且根据它们各自的反应时间在它们每一个中产生反应。施加给混合动力系并指示一种新的转矩请求的任何控制信号的变化(例如,由驾驶员转矩请求所驱动的或者执行变速器换挡所要求的)在每一个受影响的转矩产生装置中引起了反应,以便对相应的输入转矩执行所要求的变化。发动机所提供的输入转矩的改变是由设定发动机所产生的转矩的发动机转矩请求所控制的,例如通过ECM控制。发动机对发动机转矩请求变化的反应时间受到本领域所公知的若干因素的影响,并且发动机运行变化的各项细节很大程度上取决于所使用发动机的特点以及所使用的一种或多种的燃烧模式。在许多情形中,发动机对转矩请求变化的反应时间在混合驱动系统的部件中是最长的。电机对转矩请求变化的反应时间包括致动任何必要开关、继电器或者其它控制元件的时间,以及随所施加电能的变化给电机通电或者断电的时间。
图3根据本发明用图描绘了示例性混合动力系部件对转矩请求变化的反应时间。所举例子是示例性混合动力系的部件包括发动机和两个电机。图显示了转矩请求和所引起的每个转矩产生装置所产生的输入转矩的变化。如上面所描述的,数据显示了电机快速地响应了转矩请求的变化,但是发动机跟随转矩请求变化则比较慢。
现公开一种方法,其中混合动力系内的发动机和一个或多个电机的反应时间被用来并行控制提前即时转矩请求(控制发动机)和即时转矩请求(控制电机),这些转矩请求通过各自的反应时间被协调,以便基本实现输入转矩的同时变化。
如上面所述的,因为已知来自发动机的输入转矩的变化比来自电机的输入转矩的变化始终需要更长的反应时间,所以所公开方法的一种示例性具体实施方式可以实现给发动机和电机的转矩请求的变化,如上面所述的并行作用,包括相对于反应更快速的装置(电机)的提前期。通过建模或者其它能够用来精确预测发动机和电机运行的技术可以实验地、经验地、预测地得到该提前期,并且同一个混合动力系可以使用多个提前期,这取决于不同的发动机设置、条件、运行和范围以及车辆状态。一个根据本发明的可以用来结合装置反应时间的实验数据或者估计值计算提前期的示例性方程包括下式:
TLead=TLead Reaction-TImmediate Reaction          [1]
其中TLead等于用在这里所描述的方法中的提前期,这个方程使用了两个转矩产生装置。TLead Reaction代表具有较长反应时间的装置的反应时间,以及TImmediate Reaction代表具有较短反应时间的装置的反应时间。如果使用不同的系统,例如包括具有长提前期的发动机,具有中等提前期的第一电机,和具有短提前期的第二电机,则这些提前期可以通过比较所有的转矩产生装置而得出。在本示例性系统中,如果所有的三个转矩产生装置都被涉及,那么两个提前期(发动机与每个电机相比较得到一个提前期)将被用来同步每个装置中的响应。在一不同时间,该同一个系统可以在发动机停机并与变速器分离的情况下运行,比较第一电机和第二电机的提前期将被用来使得两个电机中的响应同步化。以这种方式,可以推导出提前期,以协调各种转矩产生装置之间的反应时间。
一种示例性方法利用提前期来实现给不同转矩产生装置的并行转矩请求,以便响应于驾驶员转矩请求的变化而使得输出转矩产生基本同时的变化,该示例性方法包括基本上即时地发出针对发动机转矩即时请求的变化,在发动机内开始针对新的发动机输出转矩的变化。该新的发动机输出转矩与电机运行状态一起仍然由HCP进行管理,以便提供推进车辆所需的给变速器的总输入转矩的一部分。从发动机转矩即时请求改变的这一点起,提前期终止,如上面所描述的,该提前期考虑了发动机和电机之间反应时间的差异。在提前期之后,执行发送给电机的转矩请求的变化,该转矩请求的变化由HCP进行管理以便满足一部分驾驶员转矩请求,并且电机改变了电机运行状态,并且如上面所描述的,由发动机或者电机所提供的输入转矩的变化基本上同时地改变。
如在上述公开的方法中所述的,公开了发动机转矩即时请求和电机的转矩请求用于并行控制对驾驶员转矩请求的变化的反应具有不同反应时间的不同转矩产生装置。驾驶员转矩请求的变化可以包括在特定的变速器运行范围状态下所期望的输出转矩的简单变化,或者可以要求将驾驶员转矩请求的变化与不同运行范围状态之间的变速器换档联系起来。如上所述,与变速器换挡相联系的驾驶员转矩请求的变化比包含在单一运行范围状态中的变化更为复杂,因为必须管理各种混合动力系部件的转矩和轴转速,以便将第一离合器施加的转矩转换到先前没有接合的第二离合器而没有打滑。
变速器中的换挡,如图1所示的示例性的变速器,通常涉及卸载第一离合器,经过惯性速度阶段状态的过度,接着加载第二离合器。在仅使用发动机的传统动力车辆的变速器中,变速器内从一个固定档位状态到另一个固定档位状态的改变通常包括卸载第一离合器,允许车辆短暂滑行,然后加载第二离合器。但是,如上面关于图1和表1所描述的,混合动力系变速器中的离合器经常是成对或者成组地接合,并且变速器中的换挡可以涉及仅卸载所接合的离合器中的一个,然后加载另一个离合器,并在整个换挡过程中使第三离合器保持接合。图4根据本发明说明了一种示例性混合动力系变速器的档位变换关系,特别是在图1和表1中的示例性具体实施方式中所描述的混合动力系变速器。NI对NO的坐标图被绘出。在任何固定档位状态处,通过沿固定档位状态曲线的相应NI确定NO。EVT模式I或者EVT模式II中的运行可以发生在图上所显示的对应区域内,其中,在EVT模式I或者EVT模式II中利用连续变化传动比提供来自固定输入速度的功率。表1描述了在图1中的实施例里面所描述的离合器C1-C4的状态。例如,在第二固定档位状态中的运行要求接合或者加载离合器C1和C2,同时不接合或者卸载离合器C3和C4。当图4描述了图1中所显示的示例性动力系中的可能的档位变换时,本领普通技术人员将会明白这样一种档位变换描述对于任何混合动力系的变速器都是可能的,并且没有意图将本发明限制在本文所描述的具体实施方式上。
图4可以描述示例性系统在固定档位状态或者EVT模式下的运行,如上面所描述的,并且它也可以被用来描述各种变速器运行范围状态之间的换挡变换。图上的区域和曲线描述了变换期间运行范围状态的操作。例如,在一种EVT模式区域内的固定档位状态之间的变换需要短暂运行位于这些固定档位状态之间的该EVT模式。类似地,从EVT模式I到EVT模式II的变换则需要过渡通过第二固定档位状态,该第二固定档位状态处于这两种模式之间的边界线处。
根据图1和图4以及表1,进一步描述从第三固定档位状态到第四固定档位状态的示例性变速器换档。参照图4,开始的运行范围状态和优选的运行范围状态都存在于EVT模式II的区域内。因此,从第三档位状态到第四档位状态的变换要求先从第三固定档位状态变换到EVT模式II,再从EVT模式II变换到第四固定档位状态。现在参照表1,开始于第三固定档位状态的混合动力系变速器将使得离合器C2和C4接合。表1进一步描述了第一次换档的目标——EVT模式II的运行,其接合离合器C2。因此,从第三固定档位状态变换到EVT模式II需要将离合器C4从接合状态改变成未接合状态,同时需要保持接合离合器C2。此外,表1描述了第二次换档目标——第四固定档位模式的运行,其中使用了离合器C2和C3。因此,从EVT模式II变换到第四固定档位状态要求接合并加载离合器C3,同时需要保持接合离合器C2。因此,离合器C4和C3在示例性换挡过程中被转换,而离合器C2在整个换挡过程中保持接合,并向传动系传递转矩。
利用本文所公开的方法,基于各种部件的反应时间,通过协调给各种转矩产生装置的信号命令可以调节变速器换档过程中的输入转矩的变化以减小对驾驶性能的负面影响。如上所述,许多换挡可以被分解为三个阶段:第一转矩阶段,在该阶段中初始接合的离合器从承受转矩、锁定且同步的离合器状态变换到解锁且去同步的离合器状态;惯性速度阶段,在该阶段中受影响的离合器被解锁并且处于过渡状态;第二转矩阶段,在该阶段中先前没有接合的第二离合器从解锁且去同步的离合器状态变换到承受转矩、锁定且同步的离合器状态。如上所提及的,在变速器换档过程中优选避免离合器打滑以避免对驾驶性能的不利影响,当施加给离合器的反作用转矩超过离合器的实际转矩容量时,就会产生离合器打滑。因此,在变速器换挡期间,必须相对于目前接合的离合器的实际转矩容量管理输入转矩,这样可以完成变速器换挡,而不会出现打滑。
当可以利用一种方法按顺序执行离合器加载或卸载的必要步骤时,同时保持离合器的转矩容量超过反作用转矩,解锁转变中所涉及的时间对于驾驶性能也很重要。因此,在仍然防止打滑的同时并行执行相关的转矩请求和离合器容量命令是有利的。这种并行执行控制变化的意图是实现与变速器换档相关的离合器状态变化,这种并行执行优选是在尽可能短的时间范围内发生。因此,如在上面的示例性实施例中所描述的,相对于给发动机和电机的转矩请求来协调变速器换档所涉及的离合器转矩容量对于维持换挡过程中的驾驶性能同样重要。图5-7根据本发明描述了结合起来完成示例性的变速器换挡的示例性方法。
图5是根据本公开内容的与经过示例性过渡解锁状态的离合器有关的转矩项的图形表示。图形最左端所示的线描绘了锁定状态下的离合器操作。图形描绘了由离合器控制系统控制的离合器命令转矩和所得到的估计转矩容量。由一命令转矩所产生的离合器中的离合器转矩容量是许多因素作用的结果,包括离合器的可用夹紧压力、设计和条件因素,以及离合器对离合器控制系统变化的反应时间。正如初始锁定区域中图形的示例性数据所示,已知的是命令给锁定离合器的转矩超过离合器容量并允许影响离合器的其它因素确定最终的离合器容量。在描绘处于锁定状态的离合器操作的图形的最左端,还描绘了作为来自发动机和电机的输入转矩的结果被施加给离合器的估计反作用转矩。在标识为“初始解锁状态”的时间处,离合器控制系统或TCM(已经确定需要将离合器从锁定状态转换到解锁状态)内的逻辑将命令转矩变为低于转矩容量的某一级别但是仍旧高于目前施加到该离合器的反作用转矩。在该点处,离合器控制系统内部的机构(例如示例性液压离合器控制系统内的可变压控制螺线管)改变设置来调整离合器内的夹紧力。结果,离合器的转矩容量开始随施加给该离合器的夹紧力变化而变化。正如以上所讨论的,离合器在反应时间内对命令转矩的变化作出反应,并且特定离合器的反应时间取决于应用的具体情况。在图5的示例性图形中,转矩容量对命令转矩的减少作出反应并且因此开始减少。
如上所述,在同一解锁状态中,由输入转矩和电机转矩引起的反作用转矩也必须从该离合器卸载下来。在整个解锁状态过程中,如果反作用转矩没有被维持低于转矩容量,就会出现不希望的打滑。在解锁状态的开始(处于图5的基本相同位置上,在该位置处转矩容量被减少以开始解锁状态)启动限制并将其强加给来自发动机和电机的输入转矩,以便实现每个输入转矩急降为零。正如在此公开的方法和上述示例性实施例中所描述的,包括发动机转矩即时请求和即时转矩请求的限制的变化在协调程序中进行,实现对各种转矩提供装置的反应时间的校准提前期,使得这些装置的导致的输入转矩基本同时地被减少。图5图示了一种对转矩请求进行协调变化的方法,该方法将限制值以约束发动机转矩即时请求的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值的形式和以抑制给电机的转矩要求的离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值的形式加在转矩请求上。这些最大反作用转矩值表示允许命令每个转矩提供装置提供的最大转矩:实际发动机转矩即时请求和实际即时转矩请求可以小于最大反作用转矩值,但是当最大值减少时,实际转矩请求值也会最终减少。来自发动机和电机的输入转矩(每个都达到限定的最大值)一起提供整个输入转矩的一部分,每个输入转矩部分都是由HCP控制的。由于校准的提前期,离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值以及离合器反作用转矩最小/最大值基本同时减少了施加给离合器的反作用转矩,导致如图5所示的实际离合器反作用转矩的减少。正如本领域普通技术人员将会理解的,另外需要利用其他安全措施来确保在整个卸载过程中最大转矩保持超过反作用转矩。有很多这样的方法,图5描绘了可以使用的一组示例性的项。例如,校准偏移项可用来确保在实际转矩低于某个阈值之前设定离合器容量的命令保持超过实际离合器反作用转矩。用于这种目的的示例性阈值在图5中定义为反作用转矩的校准阈值。在保持该转矩容量请求高于实际离合器反作用转矩中,记住包括离合器夹紧机构的所有装置包括对请求变化的反应时间,响应结合了这个偏移项的离合器命令变化的转矩容量变化的延迟将使维持转矩容量超过实际的离合器反作用转矩。另外,另一个阈值,即转矩估计的校准阈值,可用于限定转矩阶段的结束。例如,如果由建模离合器操作的算法确定的离合器转矩容量的估计值在整个校准的时间段内保持低于该阈值,那么可以确定离合器处于解锁状态。
图6是根据本公开内容与经历示例性变换锁定状态的离合器有关的转矩项的图形表示。如上所述,在许多的变速器换挡过程中,一第二离合器被同步并且被锁定,转矩被施加给该离合器。图示在图形最左端的线描述了解锁状态下的离合器操作。锁定状态的开始需要将离合器从解锁状态转换到锁定状态所需的一系列帮助命令。如上述有关变速器换挡中转换到第二转矩阶段的描述,包括连接到待接合的转矩提供轴的轴和连接到输出元件的轴的离合器必须是同步的。一旦附接于这些轴的离合器连接面已经减小并以相同转动速度移动,夹紧力开始被施加给离合器,以将离合器带入锁定状态并且开始增加离合器的转矩容量。如上面关于在转矩阶段期间避免打滑的描述,在离合器的反作用转矩增加之前必须增加离合器容量。为了能够尽快地施加导致离合器上的反作用转矩的输入转矩,要预先命令增加离合器容量以在离合器到达锁定状态的同时实现离合器容量的初始增加。通过凭借本文所公开的方法使用提前期计算反应时间,然后就可以以短延迟及时地命令反作用转矩跟随增加的离合器转矩容量。这种方法的一个示例性实施例(起的作用与图5所描述的强加给转矩请求的限制相反),根据避免打滑选择的校准斜率将限制强加在发给发动机和电机的转矩请求上。如图6中所描述的,在从作用为发动机转矩请求的约束的增加的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小和最大值开始的校准提前期之后,作用为电机转矩请求的约束的离合器反作用转矩即时最小和最大值增加。通过利用该提前期,根据在此公开的方法,来自发动机和电机的输入转矩的增加基本同时的增加了施加给该离合器的反作用转矩。当根据施加给每个限制的校准斜率升高转矩产生装置上的限制时校准,HCP可以命令发动机和电机实现离合器所需的一部分反作用转矩,每个都达到各自的最大值。通过这种方式,发动机和电机的转矩请求受到协调以补偿反应时间,这是为了基本同时地增加换挡过程中来自每一个的输入转矩。
上述示例性变速器换挡中所用的校准斜率是选定值,该选定值迅速地将输入转矩级别调整到期望的范围,但是仍保持低于离合器的转矩容量以便避免打滑。该斜率可以通过建模或其他足以准确预测发动机与电机运行的技术试验地,经验地,预测地得到,并且众多的斜率可以由相同的混合动力系使用,这取决于不同的发动机设置、状态或运行范围以及致动离合器转矩容量的控制系统的动作。用来减少解锁过程中输入转矩的斜率可以不必是用来增加锁定过程中斜率的倒数。类似地,用于协调输入转矩的提前期可以但不必是两种变速器转换状态中所用的同一时间段值,其可以根据车辆及其部件的特定动作而改变。
如上所述,在变速器换挡过程中(例如,在如上所述的示例性变速器中限定的两个固定档位状态之间)变速器经过位于第一转矩阶段和第二转矩阶段之间的惯性速度阶段。在该惯性速度阶段期间,原先接合的、待分离的离合器和待接合被接合的离合器都处于解锁状态,输入最初以一转动速度旋转,就在第一离合器失去同步之前在第一离合器中的离合器元件之间共享该转动速度。为了在第二转矩阶段中要接合并加载的第二离合器中实现同步,将要连接到第二离合器的输入必须改变NI以匹配通过处于某种新传动比的变速器附接的传动系。在混合动力系变速器的换档过程,换挡可以发生在整个运行范围状态中,在这种运行范围状态中接合了至少一个离合器而另一个离合器即将被转换到锁定状态但保持不同步。处于可变、非固定状态的变速器的操作,例如如上所述的示例性EVT模式I和EVT模式II,允许输入和输出速度的可变比。因此,利用EVT模式之一作为贯穿惯性速度阶段的过渡状态,NI可以从初始速度转换为目标速度同时保持To的传递。
根据本公开内容的在变速器换挡的惯性速度阶段实现这种同步的示例性方法在图7中进行了描绘。依据换挡过程的两个描述性项,换挡的结果图示于具有共同时间轴的两个部分中。上面部分描述了NI,该NI最初通过第一、最初使用的离合器连接。上部的虚线表示在换挡开始之前NI的速度分布,同时第一离合器处于锁定状态。底部的虚线表示必须获得的NI的速度分布,以便使第二离合器的输出速度与NI同步。两条虚线之间的过渡表示实现换挡必须发生的输入速度的变化。图7的下面部分描述了输入加速度(NI_DOT)或者对NI的时间导数。在这种情况下NI_DOT被描述为输入加速度的即时分布或者由电机的相对快速反应时间驱动的加速度分布,并且该项紧跟实际NI_DOT。输入加速度即时分布显示了必须实现的速率变化,以使NI从第一离合器的处于同步状态的初始NI转换为第二离合器的处于同步状态的目标输出速度。开始的水平部分描述了加速度,在换挡开始之前利用该加速度增加输入速度,该恒定值在图7上面部分的左侧部分体现了输入速度的斜率。在换挡开始的时候,根据例如踏板位置的操作者输入和变速器控制系统内部的算法(包括确定优选的运行范围状态)确定实现同步所需的目标输入速度和引起NI的必要变化所需的目标输入加速度分布。在完成换挡之后,基于NO和目标运行范围状态的目标输入速度_DOT可术语化为输入加速度提前预测分布并且描述了在完成惯性速度阶段之后需要存在的NI_DOT。公开一种方法来限定输入加速度即时分布,以根据贯穿惯性速度阶段的同步换挡实现NI的变化。
贯穿惯性速度阶段限定NI_DOT的分布受到许多变量的限制。如上所述,在换挡开始时监控或描述最初的NI值和NI_DOT值。根据期望的运行范围状态NO和动力系操作的测量(例如踏板位置)可以描述目标输入速度值和NI_DOT值。对初始值和目标值之间转换的约束包括响应发动机命令的发动机物理特性和完成换挡所期望的时间。仅仅由于发动机操作造成的NI的变化可以从急剧增加NI的全开节气门跨到完全切断急剧减少NI的发动机输出根据期望的换挡特性,可以在这些限度发动机命令之间调整发动机命令用于导致NI的变化。传统地,发动机输出的变化可以通过改变节气门设置而实现。然而,本领域技术人员应该知道,这样的节气门变化需要大量的如上所述的提前时间,该提前时间与发动机接收发动机命令变化时出现的机械变化有关。替换地,在发动机输出需要某一适度量的调整用于过渡期的情况下,一种已知的方法是延迟点火定时或者提前燃料喷射定时以减少燃烧循环中的发动机输出。虽然该方法实现了比节气门命令变化更快的发动机输出变化并且允许发动机的上述输出很快的恢复,但是这样的变化由于传递较少的燃烧能量在活塞上工作而降低了燃烧效率。然而,在例如需要NI适度变化的换挡的过渡时期内,通过点火或喷射变化实现的发动机输出变化是优选的。另外,电机通过如上所述的混合动力系方法可被用于增加发动机输出或者帮助降低发动机转速。
对初始值和目标值之间的变化约束还包括实现换挡所期望的时间。总期望速度阶段时间可以根据动力系操作的前后关系来确定,例如如加速踏板位置所描述的。例如,完全踩下加速踏板(100%踏板)的换挡暗示操作者要求尽快实现换挡和任何有关的TO减少。0%踏板的惯性向下降档的换挡暗示换挡时间可以相对长些而不会不利地影响操控性。另外,初始的输入速度增量可被用来描述实现期望的换挡所需的NI变化的程度。初始的输入速度增量描述了在惯性速度阶段开始的瞬间的输入速度与假设动力系已经处于期望的运行范围状态的瞬间所需的输入速度之间的差异。示例性初始输入速度增量图示于图7中。较大的初始输入速度增量暗示在惯性速度阶段需要发生较大的NI变化,这要求更急剧的发动机输出变化或者更大的期望的总速度阶段时间。
根据加速踏板位置和初始输入速度增量来设置期望的总速度阶段时间的示例性方法包括使用校准的二维检查表。图8以表格形式图示了根据本公开内容确定惯性速度阶段时间的示例性二维检查表的使用。如上所述,加速踏板位置和初始NI增量允许预测NI所需的变化,随后允许估计惯性速度阶段时间。根据给定的输入,可以估计预计的惯性速度阶段时间。检查表中初始NI增量的值可以跨越正负值,允许与调高档和调低档对应的不同校准。
一旦建立在惯性速度阶段的开始处的NI的行为,基于期望运行范围状态的目标输入速度的行为和期望的总速度阶段时间,就可以描述由输入加速度即时分布所描述的转换。应当理解,根据任一NI值和时间的比较关系(其中根据NO、不同的运行范围状态具有不同的NI映射,正如图7中NI部分中虚线所描述的)惯性速度阶段NI曲线可能具有S形,具有在初始和目标输入速度和NI_DOT值之间转换的过渡子阶段和连接这些子阶段的中间子阶段。通过将惯性速度阶段分为三个子阶段,可以描述输入加速度即时分布的必要转换。图9描述了根据本发明的被分成三个子阶段的示例性惯性速度阶段。子阶段1描述了从初始NI到NI- DOT值的变化。子阶段1或第一阶段的时间T1可由下列公式计算:
T1=K1*总的期望总速度阶段时间    [2]
其中K1是描述期望的NI行为的零和一之间的校准值。K1可以是可变量,由描述换挡所需特性的动力系操作的上下关系的指示来设定,或者K1是固定的校准值。子阶段3描述了目标输入速度NI到NI_DOT值的过渡。子阶段3或第三阶段的时间T3可由下列公式计算:
T3=K3*总的期望速度阶段时间       [3]
其中K3是描述期望的NI行为的零和一之间的校准值并可以通过类似于K1的方法设定。子阶段2描述了子阶段1和3之间的过渡。时间T2或作为在限定T1和T3之后设定的总的期望速度阶段时间(TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime)的剩余部分的第二阶段,可通过下列公式计算。
T2=总的期望速度阶段时间-T1-T3    [4]
子阶段2在图9的示例性数据中描述为直线。应当理解,根据期望的总速度阶段时间和示例性动力系的行为,在在子阶段2区域可以限定弯曲过渡。然而,所描述的直线是优选的。子阶段2中NI曲线的斜率描述了必须获得的峰值速度阶段输入加速度,以便实现期望的总速度阶段时间中期望的惯性速度阶段。在该示例性方法中,子阶段2的NI_DOT是恒定值,这个峰值速度阶段输入加速度(PeakSpeadPhaseInputAccel)可以通过下列公式计算。
PeakSpeedPhaseInputAccel = K α * ( N I _ TARGET - N I _ INIT ) TotalDesiredSpeedPhaseTime + K β - - - [ 5 ]
K α = 1 1 - K 1 2 - K 3 2 - - - [ 6 ]
K β = K α * K 1 2 - - - [ 7 ]
通过描述惯性速度阶段所需的NI_DOT行为,可以确定输入加速度即时分布以在惯性速度阶段中改变NI
如上所描述的,发动机对控制指令的反应时间相对于动力系其它部件的反应时间要慢。结果是,传达给发动机的同时到达输入加速度实时曲线的发动机指令将包括NI变化的结果滞后。可替代的,另外公开了一种方法,该方法基于描述发动机反应时间的提前期定义输入加速度提前即时曲线。这种提前期可以与上面公式[1]中所计算的提前期一样,或者可以基于在惯性速度阶段发动机的特殊行为单独计算。例如,因为在NI_DOT中没有电机运行的直接反映,所以输入加速度提前即时曲线的提前期可以包括用于电机的因子,与发动机单独改变NI_DOT相比,该电机帮助更快地改变NI_DOT。图7所描述的输入加速度提前即时曲线包括惯性速度开始前的一部分提前曲线。在从固定档位状态开始换挡的情况下,其中在换挡开始后将分离离合器必定会发生解锁事件,该解锁事件的时间周期为在NI发生预期变化之前向发动机传达指令提供了时期。按照如上所述的判定,早于惯性速度阶段的这个提前对保持惯性速度阶段的总的预期速度阶段时间是有利的。在允许输入加速度即时曲线根据输入加速度即时曲线影响发动机变化的提前期不存在或不足的情况下,可对惯性速度阶段进行调整以补偿发动机反应时间和NI变化的结果滞后。提前不可能的情况包括从示例性的EVT模式开始的换档,其中只有一个离合器初始被使用,惯性速度阶段可以根据指令立即开始。在这种情况下,根据所确定的提前期,在向发动机传达指令之后可以延迟惯性速度阶段。
上述方法描述了作为正值比较的转矩管理过程。本领域普通技术人员能够理解的是离合器转矩被描述为正转矩和负转矩,表示将转矩施加在一个旋转方向上或另一个方向上。上述方法可用于正的或负的转矩施加,用一种方式来调节转矩的大小使得所施加的反用用转矩的大小不会超过特定离合器的转矩容量的大小。
图10根据本发明用图说明了示例性的惯性速度阶段,其中输入加速度即时曲线受到强加最小输入加速度约束的影响。在变速器换档的示例性操作中,所描绘的一个例子已经确定了用于惯性速度阶段中的发动机控制的输入加速度提前即时曲线,并且还确定了用于惯性速度阶段中的电机控制的相应输入加速度即时曲线。图10描述了两个部分,包括描绘了输入速度对时间的顶部部分和描绘了输入加速度对时间的底部部分,两部分共用一个时间轴。在惯性速度阶段中发动机发生负的NI_DOT或者减速的例子中,通过发动机内的内部磨擦力或泵力简单地允许发动机减速的工况是非常普遍的情况。然而,当电机减速时,这种工况普遍由仍提供功率或相反地处于发电模式的电机来完成。由于电机仍然在系统控制下运行并带有动力系系统其余部分的暗示,所以电动机仍然要服从系统约束,例如,驱动该电动机的可用电池功率。图10将这样一种系统约束强加在最小输入加速度约束上。在图的顶部部分中可以看到强加在输入速度上的约束的效果,其中惯性速度阶段中部的直线部分被一变平的部分中断。在这种约束干扰输入加速度即时的情况下,电机控制系统内的程序就会修改输入加速度即时以包容该约束。在目前的例子中,输入加速度即时曲线受到最小输入加速度约束的影响,使得输入速度的负加速度被推迟。一旦在输入加速度即时内该约束不再限制电机运行,控制系统则运行恢复NI_DOT到NI的预期变化的效果。
如上所述,经常在在控制方案下操作设计用于同步化运行的离合器,通过该控制方案离合器转矩容量总是被维持高于通过该离合器传递的反作用转矩,以避免打滑。在上述的示例性的换挡中,这样的方案经常在单独的事件中卸载或加载离合器,保持每个单独的事件中零滑动工况。惯性速度阶段的使用也被公开了,其中输入元件的速度NI从与将分离离合器同步的速度变化到与将接合离合器同步的速度。通过连接到输入元件上的转矩产生装置施加转矩可以改变NI。例如,一个或多个电机可以施加转矩给输入元件以改变NI。可选地或者附加地,发动机可改变输出转矩以改变输入元件的速度。电机可经常快速、有效地改变TA和TB。在某些情况下,电机可施加负转矩,担当发电机的角色,为储能装置提供以后使用的能量。然而,由电机施加的转矩可受许多因素限制,包括电机容量、储能装置极限和运行以保护动力系的其它限制方案。另一方面,发动机改变施加到输入元件上的转矩较慢。根据较快的控制方法可以减少T1,例如改变点火或喷射计时变化以暂时降低燃料效率,或者根据较慢的方法改变T1,如节气门变化。较快的发动机控制方法通过产生更多的响应变化降低了对驾驶性能的影响,并相对快速地将TI的变化恢复到原来水平,但是降低整个燃料效率。较慢的发动机控制方法响应明显更少,其需要发动机燃烧循环内的大量变化以改变从发动机产生的TI。另外,在节气门改变之后,修复TI的改变同样不响应初始变化,需要节气门改变到新的位置。通过较快的发动机控制方法或者通过较慢的发动机控制方法得到的发动机转矩变化,将引起动力系输出的改变并影响驾驶性能。
如上所述,特定的离合器设计,尽管最佳地是用在基本维持零滑动的同步操作中,可以另外用来提供具有一定程度滑动的受控操作。现公开了一种方法来执行通过将接合离合器的受控的异步化的离合器辅助换档,以便为改变NI提供辅助,同时在整个惯性速度阶段传递转矩到输出轴。这种方法想要区分通常用于变速器换挡中的异步换挡和在异步离合器辅助换挡方法中通常被同步操作的离合器的使用。出于简化这里所公开方法的原因,这些换挡将被称为是异步换挡,但是可以理解的是贯穿这些方法所描述的换挡方法是离合器辅助换挡。在另一种同步换挡中,如上所述,通过提高将接合离合器的接触状态和随后的夹紧力,可利用离合器转矩(‘TC’)来影响NI和TO的变化。通过将接合离合器的使用,来自输出元件的以反作用转矩形式穿过将接合离合器的功率可被用来使NI更加接近目标输入速度。本领域普通技术人员可以理解的是来自输入元件的功率的利用将影响输出元件的转矩,并因此影响驾驶性能。然而,由TC的产生所引起的对驾驶性能的影响一般比发动机命令变化所产生的对驾驶性能的影响要小,另外,在换档后不会对命令发动机恢复到正常水平产生负面影响。因此,根据所公开的方法NI的变化优选受TA和TB的影响,然后根据附加地受TC的影响。如果TA、TB和TC完全被利用,根据需要可以另外用TI来影响变化。
图11和12根据本发明用图比较了示例性的同步换挡和异步的离合器辅助换档,该异步的离合器辅助换挡被用来提供换挡中的TC。图11为示例性的同步换挡,如本文所公开的实施例中所描述。开始由初始接合档位状态所限定的、用NO*GR初始来描述的输入速度从惯性速度阶段变换到由目标档位状态所限定的、用NO*GR目标来描述的直线。如上面图5中所描述的,传递TCR-OFFGOING的将分离离合器在转矩阶段从某种被正常传递的反作用转矩水平变换到零。另外,如上面图6中所描述的,传递TCR-ONGOING的将接合离合器在第二转矩阶段从零变换到某种被正常传递的反作用转矩水平。在转矩阶段之间的时期产生惯性速度阶段,其中输入速度从由初始档位状态所设置的某种速度变化到由目标档位状态所设置的某种速度。由于通过第三、一直接合的离合器维持通过变速器的转矩的原因,TO和NO在惯性速度阶段很大程度上不受这些变化的影响。根据这里所描述的方法操作,用这种方式执行的同步换挡提供了接合档位之间的变化,其对驾驶性能有最小的影响。
图12为示例性的异步离合器辅助换档,该离合器辅助换挡提供换档期间的TC以辅助NI和TO的变化。通过换挡事件的换挡被限定,并且可以确定,基于用电机转矩通过输入速度曲线按要求调整NI,TO将低于预期水平。确定TC的施加是适当的,因此在惯性速度阶段内通过将接合离合器传递离合器反作用转矩。通过将接合离合器传递的离合器反作用转矩作为TC来使NI向目标输入速度变化。这样,通过将接合离合器传递的转矩可以被用来在变速器换挡中辅助改变NI和TO
在一种示例性系统的惯性速度阶段中,NI和TO是相关的,其中,该示例性系统使用了如图1所示的多个行星齿轮组,并通过维持速度阶段中用于EVT模式的锁定离合器来维持惯性速度阶段中的TO。改变惯性速度阶段中的NI(例如,降低NC到零)同时维持期望的TO(TO_所需的)需要处理惯性速度阶段中的其它项。在上面所述的示例性系统中,系统转矩平衡可通过以下公式表示。
N I _ DOT T O = M 11 M 12 M 21 M 22 T A T B + C 1 C 2 T C + E 1 E 2 T engine - - - [ 8 ]
这个关系可由本领域技术人员处理来表示下面的公式。
T I T O = M 11 M 12 M 21 M 22 T A T B + N 11 N 12 N 21 N 22 N I _ DOT N O _ DOT + C 1 C 2 T C - - - [ 9 ]
为了确定影响所需的输入速度曲线所要求的系统变化,惯性速度阶段中的输入速度的期望变化NI_DOT可被看作是给定值。通过不同转矩产生装置的转矩输入、通过输入和输出元件的加速度的描述和通过描述TC可以描述换挡中TI和TO的变化。这些项可以组合在一起,如下面所表示的。
T I T O = T I M T O M + T I N T O N + T I C T O C - - - [ 10 ]
公式11表明TI和TO可根据表示电机对TI(‘TIM’)的影响、电机对TO(‘TOM’)的影响、NI_DOT和NO_DOT对TI(‘TIN’)的影响、NI_DOT和NO_DOT对TO(‘TON’)的影响、TC对TI(‘TIC’)的影响和TC对TO(‘TOC’)的影响的项来表示。进一步地,为了估算TC,电机、NI_DOT和NO_DOT对这些项的影响可被集中描述为TIX和TOX项,从而产生了下列公式:
T I T O = T I X T O X + T I C T O C - - - [ 11 ]
这样,换挡中TO可按照TOX来描述,特别是关于在给定换挡中的TOXMAX,并与用于该换挡的TO_期望比较。这种比较产生差异,为了维持换挡中的TO_期望就必须填充该差异。这个差异可用来计算换挡中的TC,以产生TOC来匹配所确定的差异。
图13根据本发明用图说明本文所描述的输出转矩项在变速器换挡过程中的示例性使用。图的三个部分分别代表示例性换挡过程中对共同时间轴的TO、将接合离合器的NC和TOC。如上所述,图的中间部分描绘了在惯性速度阶段可被采用的将NC从初始值改变到零的输入速度曲线。在这个示例性方法中作为动力系操作的给定值并从属于输入速度曲线的TO被表示为TO_期望,对其它项进行调节以获得尽可能接近所限定的TO_期望曲线的输出转矩曲线。对初始档位状态、转矩阶段、惯性速度阶段和第二转矩阶段中的TO进行了描述。换挡中的TO_期望由TO_档位1_期望、TO_TP_期望、TO_速度_期望、和TO_档位2_期望共同来描述,它们一起形成了换挡中的期望输出转矩曲线。可基于输出元件产生的加速度、换挡平顺性(shift feel)和受TO影响的其它因素来校准这个期望输出转矩曲线。期望输出转矩曲线形状根据动力系的期望换挡平顺性可为多种形状。如上所述,基于当前的动力系操作,TOXMAX代表一个或多个电机能传递的最大输出转矩。TOXMAX的限制因素包括可用的电池功率和最大电机转矩。如本文所述,TC可用来提供附加容量以改变输入速度和维持TO。在速度阶段可将TC对TO的最大影响TOCMAX加给TOXMAX,这样就产生TOXMAX+TOCMAX线或TO_MAX。这条线代表在惯性速度阶段提供输出转矩的电机和将接合离合器在当前动力系操作参数下的最大容量。因为输入速度变化优选由电机转矩提供,所以在惯性速度阶段要维持TOXMAX,并通过降低TC来实现维持TO的额外容量。TOCMAX可以是变化的。例如,约束对可利用的离合器夹紧力起作用,或离合器功率限度可限制允许将接合离合器产生的能量的大小。然而,在没有约束的操作下,在惯性速度阶段TOCMAX可为一常数项。图的底部说明TOC的值,这些TOC值共同描述了期望的离合器转矩曲线,其产自用于获得期望的输出转矩曲线的TOCMAX部分。这些值可转变为换挡的惯性速度阶段中的TC指令。通过调整速度阶段中的共同形成离合器转矩曲线的TC指令,可以维持换挡中的TO_期望。在通过电机和离合器辅助换挡不能维持整个换档中的TO_所需的的情况下,输出转矩不足的测量,例如输出转矩不足曲线,可以被描述,输入转矩可用来跨越这个不足。
利用图13所描述的用限定因素将输出转矩设置为TO_期望的曲线可以定义一种控制方法。γ因素被描述,其中γ等于一个所描述的TO,该TO等于TO_期望。通过限定γ项,可以限定动力系系统控制中的程序以在换挡事件中调节或简化对比于TO_期望的TO的确定和处理。
在控制TC中必须遵守对TO、TI和TC的限制。TOXMAX代表电机能产生的最大转矩。TOCMAX代表将接合离合器能够给予的最大转矩。TI_MAX代表发动机施加转矩的容量极限。图14根据本发明用图说明了在变速器换档中输入和输出转矩项(包括限制项)的示例性使用。图描绘了示例性换档过程中对共同时间轴的TO、TI和TC。图的上部分描述了与图13上部分相似的期望输出转矩曲线,但是,如上所述,根据动力系的期望换挡平顺性,图14的曲线与图13的曲线形状不同。图描绘了TOXMAX和TOCMAX,包括结果TO_MAX线,该结果TO_MAX线描述了影响TO的一个或多个电机和将接合离合器的极限。优选命令TC维持期望的输出转矩曲线,但是TC受到TO_MAX线的限制,使得期望的输出转矩曲线和TO_MAX线中的较小者根据TO集限定了期望的离合器转矩曲线。但是,被一起描述成为期望的离合器转矩曲线的这些期望的TOC指令必须要按照公式11-13所描述的关系从TOC集转换到TC集中,然后根据系统约束对它们进行限制。
必须确定和使用基于TI和TC的限制以约束结果的TC指令。图的中间部分描述了基于TI的限制。TI_MAX代表发动机容量极限或者在没有违反发动机转矩极限时发动机所能提供的转矩的多少。TITOXMAX描述了施加TOXMAX时出现的TI。TICMAX描述了施加TOCMAX时出现的TI。这两个值的和代表产生于一个或多个电机和将接合离合器的TI。图描述了两个示例性的TICMAX曲线。例1描述了TICMAX较小的值。这些值不会产生违反TI_MAX线,因此不需要修改相应的TC值。例2描述了TICMAX较大的值。这些值违反TI_MAX线。必须降低相应的TC值以使TIC值降低。图的底部描述了强加给TC指令的限制。在TC集中描绘来自图中间部分的TI_MAX。另外,图描绘了TC_MAX_ENERGY,其描述了离合器上的能量极限。速度阶段的这种能量极限可以通过下面的公式来描述。
Figure GDA00003317873300301
可以理解的是在整个时间内能量都要受到管理,其中利用可控制的滑动来产生TC。速度阶段中可允许的离合器能量的理解和校准允许作为可以被施加的TC限制的TC_MAX_ENERGY的描述。为了确定对TC的限制,可假设TC_MAX_ENERGY是常量,使得在整个惯性速度阶段将TC限制在下面可确保不会违反离合器能量极限。进一步地,可假设图13中间部分所描述NC曲线具有恒定斜降率。作出这些假设,就可通过下面的公式计算TC_MAX_ENERGY
利用TC_MAX_ENERGY,可设置TC的限制,使得不会超过离合器的能量极限。用这种方法计算出来的TC_MAX_ENERGY被画在图14的底部。TI_MAX和TC_MAX_ENERGY被描述为对TC的示例性限制,但是,本领域普通技术人员可以理解,根据动力系的特定设计,可另外利用TC的其它限制。TC_LIMIT可来源于惯性速度阶段中的已提及限制的较少者,图画出了示例性的结果TC_LIMIT。产自期望的离合器转矩曲线并受TC_LIMIT限制的TC命令形成了离合器转矩曲线。另外,为了在速度阶段控制发动机转矩,形成了基于离合器转矩曲线的提前离合器转矩曲线。
作为上述计算的结果,可以画出产生TC指令的TO指令曲线。这个曲线在图14中用虚线表示。确定用来产生TC指令的TOC值的计算基于处于某种取样率的指令曲线产生,该指令曲线由处理器和用来确定数值的程序确定。如本领域已知的,高的取样率提供更准确的控制,但是需要更多的处理功率。图14还描述了TOC值的示例性确定和所产生的值的结果取样率。在示例性的惯性速度阶段,产生了七个TOC值,其为精确控制TC提供了足够的分辨率。取样率可依靠速度阶段时间或可为经校准对可能的速度阶段时间范围有效的固定值。特定的取样率可以通过建模或足以精确地预测动力系操作的其它技术实验性地、经验性地、或预测地得到,同一动力系可以使用用于不同条件或操作范围的大量的取样率。
图15根据本发明说明了一种示例性程序,通过该程序控制处于惯性速度阶段中的动力系,该程序利用将接合离合器转矩维持输出转矩。程序500从步骤502开始。在步骤504中,本文所描述的方法被用来计划待处理的期望的变速器换挡。为了产生同步将接合离合器所要求的所需输入速度曲线,估计速度阶段时间,例如通过使用基于踏板输入的查找表、期望的换挡的初始运行范围状态和期望的目标运行范围状态和位于当前输入速度与目标输入速度之间的滑动速度。在步骤506中估计期望的动力系操作,例如基于TO_REQ。步骤508利用步骤506的期望动力系操作确定期望的输出转矩曲线,例如通过查找表。这个期望的输出转矩曲线可用来作为γ曲线。基于给步骤510的输入和在步骤504中形成的速度阶段时间,在步骤510中产生了输入速度曲线、输入加速度提前即时曲线、输入加速度即时曲线,这些曲线限定了包括惯性速度阶段的换挡的预期边界。在步骤512中,基于本文所描述的因素估计一个或多个电机的容量,并限定TOXMAX。在步骤514中,基于本文所描述的因素估计用来提供转矩的将接合离合器的容量,包括估计离合器能量容量,并限定TOCMAX。在步骤516中,确定由基于包括TI_MAX、TI_MIN的不同因素的TI强加的限定、期望的输出转矩曲线、TOXMAX和TOC。在步骤518中,评价来自早先步骤的容量和限制,产生了期望的离合器转矩曲线。在步骤520中,基于期望的离合器转矩曲线和期望的γ输出转矩曲线,产生了离合器转矩指令和提前离合器转矩指令。提前离合器转矩指令和提前输入加速度曲线被用来确定用于ECM转矩控制的最佳输入速度指令。给ECM和TCM的指令在步骤522中产生。离合器转矩指令被传送给变速器控制模块用于适当控制离合器以产生期望的转矩容量。ECM和TCM将报告所产生的估计的发动机和离合器转矩,与NI_DOT曲线一起,转矩确定算法将计算开环电动机转矩。结合了通过PI控制器使用输入速度曲线计算出的闭环电动机转矩,最终转矩指令然后被传送给电动机控制器以产生最终的转矩。
上述示例性的换档实施例包括从一种固定档位运行范围状态到另一种固定档位运行范围状态的换档。但是,可以理解的是本文所描述的方法可被用来换档到或换档自EVT模式运行范围状态,如上所描述。例如,在从一种模式状态到一种固定档位状态的换档中,必须承受惯性速度阶段以同步在目标固定档位中要求接合的离合器。在这个例子中,根据上述方法,将接合离合器被用来产生所需的TC。当换档到模式状态时,离合器经常被断开(disengaged),变速器依靠剩余的接合离合器运行。但是,在EVT模式中,使用了优选的输入速度。另外,在整个换档过程中必须维持TO。在换档没有实际接合的离合器仍然可以用来在至换档至模式中完成离合器辅助换档。离合器可以被部分地致动,其产生了滑动并产生TC,该TC根据本文所描述的方法用来影响TO。一旦换档结束,这个被部分致动的离合器可恢复到解锁和异步状态。
图16显示了控制和管理动力系统的转矩和功率流的控制系统结构,该动力系统具有多个转矩产生装置,在下文中参考图1和2所示的混合动力系统对其进行描述,其以可执行的算法或校准值的形式存于上面所提及的控制模块中。该控制模块结构可用于具有多个转矩产生装置的任何动力系统,例如包括具有单个电机的混合动力系统、具有多个电机的混合动力系统和非混合动力系统。
图16的控制系统结构画出了穿过控制模块的相关信号流。在运行中,监控驾驶员对加速器踏板113和制动踏板112的输入以确定驾驶员转矩请求(’TO_REQ’)。监控发动机14和变速器10的运行以确定输入速度(’NI’)和输出速度(’NO’)。一种战略优化控制方案(‘战略控制’)310基于输出速度和驾驶员转矩请求确定优选输入速度(‘NI_DES’)、优选发动机状态和变速器运行范围状态(‘混合范围状态Des’),并基于混合动力系的其他运行参数将它们最优化,这其它运行参数包括电池功率极限和发动机14、变速器10以及第一、第二电机56、72的的响应极限。该战略优化控制方案310优选由由HCP5按每100ms的循环周期和每25ms的循环周期执行。
战略优化控制方案310的输出用在换档执行和发动机启/停控制方案(‘换档执行和发动机启/停’)320中以命令改变变速器运行(‘变速器指令’),包括改变运行范围状态。这包括命令执行运行范围状态的变化,如果优选的运行范围状态不同于当前的运行范围状态,这种执行是通过命令改变离合器C170、C262、C373、C475中一个或多个的使用和其它离合器命令进行的。当前的运行范围状态(‘实际混合范围状态’)和输入速度曲线(‘NI_PROF’)可被确定。该输入速度曲线是对下一个输入速度的估计,其优选包括标量参数值,也就是下一次循环周期的目标输入速度。在变速器运行范围状态变换期间,发动机运行命令和驾驶员转矩请求都是以输入速度曲线为基础的。
在控制循环之一中重复执行战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330,以确定运行发动机的发动机指令(‘发动机指令’),包括从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩,该输入转矩基于输出速度、输入速度、驾驶员转矩请求和变速器的当前运行范围状态。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,该发动机状态包括所有气缸运行状态和气缸惰性化运行状态中的一个,在该气缸惰性化运行状态中一部分发动机气缸惰性化,没有供给燃料,该发动机指令还包括的发动机状态包括供给燃料状态和停供燃料状态中的一个。
在TCM17中估计每个离合器的离合器转矩(‘TCL’),离合器包括当前使用的离合器和没有使用的离合器,并在TCM23中确定与输入元件12反作用的当前发动机输入转矩(‘TI’)。执行电动机转矩控制方案(‘输出和电动机转矩确定’)340来确定来自动力系的优选输出转矩(‘TO_CMD’),该优选输出转矩在本实施例中包括用于控制第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。优选输出转矩是基于每个离合器的估计离合器转矩、当前来自发动机14的输入转矩、当前运行范围状态、输入速度、驾驶员转矩请求和输入速度曲线。通过TPIM19控制第一和第二电机56和72以满足基于优选输出转矩的优选电动机转矩指令。电动机转矩控制方案340包括在6.25ms到12.5ms的循环周期内定期执行的算法代码以确定优选电动机转矩指令。
图17是根据本发明的示意图,该图例证了换档执行中的数据流并更加详细地描述了例如图16的系统的控制系统结构的更加详细的示例性执行。动力系控制系统400被阐明包括几个混合驱动部件,包括发动机410、电机420和离合器液压设备430。控制模块包括战略控制模块310、换档执行模块450、离合器容量控制模块460、战术控制和运行模块330、输出和电动机转矩确定模块340和离合器控制模块490,它们处理信息和对发动机410、电机420和离合器液压设备430发出控制命令。这些控制模块可以在物理上是独立的,由若干个不同的控制装置组合到一起,或者可以完全在单一的物理控制装置中执行。模块310为战略控制模块,执行关于如图16所描述的优选动力系运行点和优选运行范围状态的确定。模块450为换档执行模块,接收来自战略控制模块310和关于换档启动的其他来源的输入。模块450处理关于当前施加给离合器的反作用转矩的输入和将被转换成的优选运行范围状态。然后模块450应用程序,确定用于执行换档的参数,这些参数包括描述转矩供给装置的所需输入转矩的平衡的混合范围状态参数、关于转换到优选运行范围状态所要求的目标输入速度和输入加速度提前预测的细节、如前面所描述的输入加速度提前即时和如前面所描述的离合器反作用转矩提前即时最小/最大值和离合器反作用转矩即时最小/最大值。来自模块450的离合器反作用转矩参数和混合范围状态信息被供给离合器容量控制模块460,来自模块450的提前控制参数和信号被供给战术控制和运行模块330,来自模块450的即时控制参数和信号被供给输出和电动机转矩确定模块340。根据本文所描述的方法,离合器容量控制模块460处理反作用转矩和混合范围状态信息,并产生描述离合器反作用转矩极限的逻辑,该逻辑能够通过模块330控制发动机,通过模块340控制电机,通过模块490控制离合器。战略控制和运行模块330包括发送转矩请求的装置和对由发动机410提供的输入转矩施加限制的装置,另外还包括向模块340提供描述了由发送机提供的输入转矩的供料的装置,该输入转矩用来控制电机420。类似地,输出和电动机转矩确定模块340接收和处理信息以发送电机转矩请求到电机420。另外,模块340产生由离合器控制模块490使用的离合器反作用转矩命令。模块490处理来自模块460和340的信息,并发送液压命令以取得操作变速器所要求的所需离合器转矩容量。这个特定的数据流实施例说明了一种可能的示例性程序,根据本文所述的方法通过程序可以控制车辆转矩产生装置和相关离合器。本领域普通技术人员可以理解,所使用的特定程序可以变化,所公开的并不局限于这里所述的特定的示例性实施例。
可以理解的是,允许在所公开的范围内进行修改。此外公开的内容已经具体参考优选实施例和修改进行描述。其他人阅读和理解了说明书后可进行进一步的修改和改变。所有这样的修改和改变,都包含在所公开的范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括机械地-操作地联接到内燃发动机上的电-机械变速器和适于选择性地传递机械功率给变速器输出元件的电机,所述方法包括:
监控期望的变速器换挡;
监控所述动力系的运行参数;
监控最大电机转矩容量;
监控离合器功率极限;
确定所述期望的变速器换挡过程中的期望输出转矩曲线;
基于所述最大电机转矩容量和所述运行参数,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线;
比较所述期望输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线;
基于所述的比较和所述离合器功率极限,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线;
基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,执行离合器辅助换挡。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中:基于所述离合器功率极限确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线包括:
通过对将接合的离合器传递的转矩和将接合的离合器打滑速度的积求积分,确定变速器换挡过程中的离合器能量曲线;
比较所述期望变速器换挡过程中的所述离合器能量曲线和所述离合器功率极限;以及
基于所述离合器能量曲线和所述离合器功率极限的所述比较,限制所述将接合的离合器转矩曲线。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中:所述动力系进一步包括第二电机,监控所述最大电机转矩容量包括监控所述这些电机-起提供转矩的能力。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,监控所述动力系的运行参数包括:
监控当前的发动机输出;
监控对于将接合离合器的输入元件的当前输入速度;
监控对于将接合离合器的输出元件的当前输出速度;以及
监控所请求的输出转矩。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,执行所述的离合器辅助换挡包括:
在将接合的离合器的打滑速度达到零之前,执行所述期望变速器换挡的离合器辅助部分;以及
在将接合的离合器的打滑速度达到零之后,执行所述期望变速器换挡的同步部分。
6.一种用于控制动力系的方法,所述动力系包括机械地-操作地联接到内燃发动机上的电-机械变速器和适于选择性地传递机械功率给变速器输出元件的电机,所述方法包括:
监控期望的变速器换挡;
监控所述动力系的运行参数;
监控最大电机转矩容量;
确定所述期望的变速器换挡过程中的期望输出转矩曲线;
基于所述最大电机转矩容量和所述运行参数,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线;
比较所述期望输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线;
基于所述的比较,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线;
基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,执行离合器辅助换挡,
其中:所述期望的变速器换挡包括换挡到模式运行范围状态,基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线执行所述的离合器辅助换挡包括基于所述优选的将接合的离合器转矩曲线,利用将接合的离合器产生转矩,然后再分离所述将接合的离合器。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,
其中,确定所述电机能否达到所述期望输出转矩曲线包括:
基于所述期望变速器换挡和所述动力系的运行,确定期望输出转矩曲线;
基于所述动力系的所述运行,确定最大电机转矩容量;
基于所述最大电机转矩容量和所述期望输出转矩曲线,确定所述期望变速器换挡过程中的最大电机转矩容量曲线;
比较所述期望输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,确定所述期望输出转矩曲线是基于将所述将接合的离合器的输入元件从与当前运行范围状态同步的输入速度变换到换挡之后的与目标运行范围状态同步的目标输入速度。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中,确定所述将接合的离合器的所述离合器辅助操作和所述电机能否达到所述期望输出转矩曲线包括基于所述期望输出转矩曲线和所述最大电机转矩容量曲线确定所述期望的变速器换挡过程中的输出转矩不足曲线。
10.如权利要求6所述的方法,进一步包括:如果所述将接合的离合器的所述离合器辅助操作和所述电机不能达到所述期望输出转矩曲线,则利用所述发动机、所述将接合的离合器的所述离合器辅助操作和所述电机完成所述期望输出转矩曲线。
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