CN101428616A - 用于管理动力系统中的电功率的方法 - Google Patents
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract
一种用于管理动力系统中的电功率的方法,动力系统包括在多个功率致动器和输出元件之间传递功率的变速器以及能量存储装置。一种控制动力系统的方法,包括建立能量存储装置的电功率限制的第一组设置和电功率限制的第二组设置,基于电功率限制的第一组设置确定第一功率致动器的优选输入功率,基于电功率限制的第二组设置确定第一功率致动器的约束输入功率的功率约束的第一组设置,和输出元件的约束输出功率的功率约束的第二组设置,以及基于优选输入功率、功率约束的第一组设置和功率约束的第二组设置控制动力系统的操作。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
【0001】本申请要求申请日为2007年11月2日的美国临时申请No.60/984879的权益,其内容以引用的方式纳入其中。
技术领域
【0002】本发明涉及混合动力车辆中的动力系控制。
背景技术
【0003】这一部分仅仅提供关于本申请的背景信息,可能不构成现有技术。
【0004】已知的混合动力系机构包括转矩产生装置,包括内燃机和转矩装置,其将转矩通过变速器传递到输出元件。一个示范性的动力系包括双模式、复合分解式的电动机械变速器,其利用输入元件和输出元件,输入元件从原动机功率源(优选内燃机)接收驱动转矩。输出元件可操作地连接到机动车辆的传动系以向其传递牵引转矩。电机(可以是电动机或发电机)独立于来自内燃机的输入转矩为变速器产生转矩输入。电机可以通过车辆的传动系将车辆动能转换为电能储存在电能储存装置中。控制系统监控各种来自车辆和操作者的各种输入,提供传动系的操作控制,包括控制变速器工作档位状态和齿轮换档,控制转矩产生装置,并且调节电能储存装置和电机之间的电能转换以控制包括转矩和转速的变速器的输出。
发明内容
【0005】一种动力系统,包括可操作而在多个功率致动器和输出元件之间传递功率的变速器以及能量存储装置。一种控制动力系统的方法,包括建立能量存储装置的电功率限制的第一组设置和电功率限制的第二组设置,基于电功率限制的第一组设置确定第一功率致动器的优选输入功率,基于电功率限制的第二组设置确定第一功率致动器的约束输入功率的功率约束的第一组设置,和输出元件的约束输出功率的功率约束的第二组设置,以及基于优选输入功率、功率约束的第一组设置和功率约束的第二组设置控制动力系统的操作。
附图说明
【0006】下面将通过示例的形式,结合相关附图对一个或多个实施例进行描述,其中:
【0007】图1是根据本发明的示范性的动力系的示意图;
【0008】图2是根据本发明的示范性的控制系统和动力系的结构示意图;
【0009】图3和4是根据本发明的动力系统的控制和管理转矩的控制系统结构的示意流程图;
【0010】图5是根据本发明的示范性功率限制确定功能的方框图。
具体实施方式
【0011】现在结合附图,其中图示仅仅用于描述本发明的示范性实施例,不能限制保护范围,图1和2描述了示范性的混合动力系。根据本发明的示范性的混合动力系在图1中示出,包括可操作地连接到发动机14以及第一和第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72的双模式、复合分解式的电动机械混合动力变速器10。发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72各自能够产生传递到变速器10的功率。由发动机14、第一和第二电机56和72产生并传递到变速器10的功率以输入转矩的形式描述,此处分别标记为TI、TA和TB,以及速度分别标记为NI、NA和NB。
【0012】示范性的发动机14包括可在多种状态下选择操作以通过输入轴12将转矩传递到变速器10的多缸内燃机,并且可以是汽油机或柴油机。发动机14包括可操作地接合到变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。包括转速和发动机转矩的发动机14的功率输出不同于变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI,这是由于发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上布置了转矩消耗构件,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩处理装置(未示出)。
【0013】示范性的变速器10包括三个行星齿轮组24、26和28,和四个可选择接合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。此处使用的离合器指任意类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如包括单一或复合盘式离合器或组件、带式离合器和制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(此后称为‘TCM’)17控制的液压控制回路42可操作地控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括液压操纵旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括液压控制的固定装置,该装置能够被选择性地放在变速器箱68上。每个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C373和C4 75优选为液压操纵,可选择地通过液压控制回路42接受加压液压流体。
【0014】第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流机,每个都包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)以及相应的分相器80和82。各个电机的电动机定子放置在变速器箱68的外部,并且包括定子铁芯,定子铁芯上延伸有螺旋电线圈。第一电机56的转子支承在中心盘齿轮上,通过第二行星齿轮组26可操作地与轴60接合。第二电机72的转子固定连接到中心轴套66。
【0015】每个分相器80和82优选包括可变磁阻装置,该装置包括分相器定子(未示出)和分相器转子(未示出)。分相器80和82准确定位并装配在第一和第二电机56和72相应的一个上。分相器80和82中相应的定子可操作地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的相应定子上。分相器转子可操作地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的相应转子上。每个分相器80和82信号地并可操作地连接到变速器功率转换器控制模块(此后为‘TPIM’)19,并且每个都感应和监控分相器转子相对于分相器定子的旋转位置,这样监控第一和第二电机56和72各自的旋转位置。此外,从分相器80和82输出的信号被编译以为第一和第二电机56和72提供转速,即分别为NA和NB。
【0016】变速器10包括输出元件64,即轴,其可操作地连接到车辆(未示出)的传动系90,为传动系90提供输出功率,传递到车轮93,其中之一在图1中示出。输出元件64的输出功率的特征为输出转速NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速和旋转方向。每个车轮93优选配备监控车轮速度VSS-WHL的传感器94,其输出被图2所描述的分配控制模块系统的控制模块监控,来检测车辆速度,和制动控制、牵引控制的绝对和相对的车轮速度以及车辆加速度处理。
【0017】来自发动机14的输入转矩和第一、第二电机56和72的马达转矩(分别为TI、TA和TB)是由燃油或储存在电能储存装置(此后为‘ESD’)74中的电能转化成的结果产生的。ESD74是通过直流传递导体27高压直流接合TPIM19。传递导体27包括导体开关38。当导体开关38闭合时,在正常操作下,电流能够在ESD74和TPIM19之间流动。当导体开关38打开时,电流在ESD74和TPIM19之间的流动中断。TPIM19与第一电机56之间通过传递导体29往返传递电能,相似地,响应马达转矩TA和TB,TPIM19与第二电机72之间通过传递导体31往返传递电能,满足第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令。不论ESD74是充电或是放电,电流都在ESD74中往返传递。
【0018】TPIM19包括一对功率转换器(未示出)和相应的用来接收转矩指令和控制变换器状态的电动机控制模块(未示出),提供电动机驱动或回收功能以满足要求的马达转矩TA和TB。功率转换器包括已知的互补三相电能装置,每个都包括多个绝缘栅双级晶体管(未示出)用于通过高频转换将ESD74的直流功率转换为用第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个的交流功率。绝缘栅双级晶体管形成设置为接收控制指令的转换模式功率供应。用于电机三相中的每个相位都具有示范性的一对绝缘栅双级晶体管。绝缘栅双级晶体管的状态被控制以提供产生电动机驱动机械能或回收电能的功能。三相转换器通过直流传递导体27接收或供应直流电能,并将其与三相交流功率进行往复转换,分别通过传递导体29和31从第一和第二电机56和72往返传递,以用作电动机或发生器。
【0019】图2是分配控制模块系统的示意方框图。在下文中描述的元件包括整个车辆控制机构的子设备,和提供图1中描述的示范性的混合动力系的调节系统控制。分配控制模块系统综合相关信息和输入,执行算法以控制各种致动器完成控制目的,包括燃油经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能和硬件保护的目的,硬件包括ESD74和第一和第二电机56和72的电池。分配控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(此后称为‘ECM’)23、TCM17、电池组控制模块(此后称为‘BPCM’)21和TPIM19。混合动力控制模块(此后称为‘HCP’)5对ECM23、TCM17、BPCM21和TPIM19提供管理控制和调节。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接到多个装置,车辆驾驶者通过用户界面控制或对电动机械混合动力系进行直接操作。装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’)、操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’)和车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可以具有操作者选择位置的离散数值,包括输出元件64的旋转方向使得能够向前和倒退。
【0020】上述控制模块通过局域网(此后称为‘LAN’)总线6与其它控制模块、传感器和致动器之间进行通信。LAN总线6允许在各个控制模块之间进行操作参数状态和执行指令信号的结构通信。特殊通信协议的使用是特殊应用。LAN总线6和正当协议在上述控制模块和其它例如提供防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆驾驶性能功能的控制模块之间提供鲁棒通信和多重控制模块界面。多条通信总线可以用于改进通信速度和提供一定等级的信号冗余度和完整性。各个控制模块之间的通信也能够使用直接链接,例如串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出)。
【0021】HCP5提供混合动力系的管理控制,服务于ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19和BPCM21的调节操作。基于来自使用界面13和混合动力系的各种输入信号,包括ESD74,HCP5确定操作者的转矩要求、输出转矩指令、发动机输入转矩指令,变速器10的转矩传递离合器C170、C262、C373、C475的离合转矩,以及第一和第二电机56和72的马达转矩TA和TB。TCM17可操作地连接到液压控制回路42并提供各种功能,包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出)和与各种电磁线圈(未示出)产生并交流控制信号,由此控制液压控制回路42中的压力开关和控制阀。
【0022】ECM23可操作地连接到发动机14,功能是通过多个离散线路从传感器和发动机14的控制致动器获得数据,简单显示为集合双向接口电缆35。ECM23从HCP5接收发动机输入转矩指令。ECM23基于监控发动机速度和载荷的时间点确定提供到变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,其与HCP5进行通信。ECM23监控来自转速传感器11的输入以确定发动机向输入轴12的输入速度,其传递到变速器的输入速度NI。ECM23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入,以确定其它发动机操作参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力、发动机冷却温度、周围空气温度和外界压力。发动机负载能够由例如歧管压力或可选择地监控由操作者对加速踏板113的输入来确定。ECM23发出和传输指令信号来控制发动机致动器,包括,例如燃油喷射器、点火模块和节流阀控制模块,所有这些都未示出。
【0023】TCM17可操作地连接到变速器10并监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器操作参数的状态。TCM17发出和传输指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM17到HCP5的输入包括评估每个离合器,即C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的各自的离合转矩和输出元件64的输出转速NO。其它致动器和传感器可以用来从TCM17到HCP5提供用于控制目的的附加信息。TCM17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入和并可选择的致动压力控制电磁线圈(未示出)和液压控制回路42的换档电磁线圈(未示出)来选择致动各种离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75以实现各种变速器工作档位状态,如以下的描述。
【0024】BPCM21信号地连接到传感器(未示出)以监控ESD74,包括电流和电压的状态参数,提供ESD74到HCP5的电池状态参数的指示信息。电池状态参数优选包括电池充电状态、电池电压(‘VBAT’)、电池温度和可用电池功率(‘PBAT’),用范围PBAT-MIN到PBAT-MAX表示。
【0025】制动控制模块(此后称为‘BrCM’)22可操作地连接到每个车轮93上的摩擦制动器(未示出)。BrCM22监控操作者对制动踏板112的输入并产生控制信号以控制摩擦制动器并且将控制信号传输到hcp5以基于此操作第一和第二电机56和72。
【0026】每个控制模块ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19、BPCM21和BrCM22优选为多用途的数字计算机,其包括微处理器或中央处理单元、存储介质(包括只读存储器(‘ROM’),随机存储器(‘RAM’),电可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’))、高速时钟、模数(‘A/D’)和数模(‘D/A’)电路和输入/输出电路和装置(‘I/O’)和正确信号控制和缓冲电路。每个控制模块具有一组控制算法,包括储存在存储介质中的一个中的固有程序指令和程序并执行来为每个计算机提供相应的功能。在控制模块之间的信息转换优选使用LAN总线6和SPI总线实现。控制算法在预先设置的循环中执行使得每个算法在每个循环中至少执行一次。储存在非易失性存储装置中的算法被中央处理单元的一个执行以监控来自传感装置的输入并使用预先设置的程序执行控制和诊断程序来控制致动器的操作。循环在正则区间执行,例如在混合动力系操作进行中的每个3.125,6.25,12.5,25和100毫秒。可替换地,算法可以在响应情况发生时执行。
【0027】示范性的混合动力系可选择在几个工作档位状态中的一个进行操作,可以描述为包括发动机工作状态(‘ON’)和发动机停止状态(‘OFF’)之一的发动机状态和包括多个固定档和持续可变的操作模式的变速器状态,在下面的表1中进行相关描述。
表1
【0028】每个变速器工作档位状态在表中描述并显示了离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中的哪个应用于各个工作档位状态中。第一持续可变模式,即EVT模式1或M1仅在为了连接第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮组件时由离合器C170选择。发动机状态为ON(‘M1-Eng-On’)或OFF(‘M1-Eng-Off’)中之一。第二持续可变模式,即EVT模式2或M2仅在将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的承重构件时由离合器C262选择。发动机状态为ON(‘M2-Eng-On’)或OFF(‘M2-Eng-Off’)中之一。为了描述的目的,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度等于0转每分钟(‘RPM’),即发动机曲轴没有旋转。固定档位操作提供变速器10的输入-输出速度的固定比值,即NI/NO。第一固定档位(‘G1’)通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选择。第二固定档位(‘G2’)通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选择。第三固定档位(‘G3’)通过应用离合器C2 62和C475来选择。第四固定档位(‘G4’)通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选择。由于行星齿轮24、26和28的减速传动比降低,随着固定档位的增加,输入-输出速度的固定比值也增加。第一和第二电机56和72的转速分别为NA和NB,依靠于由离合器产生的机构的内部转动,并与输入轴12测量的输入速度成比例。
【0029】响应由于在用户界面13获得的操作者通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入,HCP5和一个或多个其它控制模块确定转矩指令来控制包括发动机14和第一、第二电机56和72的转矩产生装置以满足操作者对输出元件64的转矩要求并传递到传动系90。基于用户界面13和混合动力系(包括ESD74)的输入信号,HCP5确定操作者转矩要求、从变速器10到传动系90的指令输出转矩、发动机14的输入转矩、变速器10的传递转矩的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合转矩;以及第一和第二电机56和72各自的马达转矩,将在下文描述。
【0030】车辆最终加速度被其它因素影响,例如道路载荷、道路坡度和车辆重量。基于各种混合动力系的操作特征确定变速器10工作档位状态。包括操作者的转矩要求,如上所述通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112与使用界面13通信。工作档位状态在混合动力系转矩要求中可以预计,转矩要求是根据在电能产生模式或转矩产生模式中操作第一和第二电机56和72的指令所生成。工作档位状态能够被最佳算法或程序确定,其基于操作者对功率、电池充电状态以及发动机14和第一、第二电机56和72的功率的要求确定了最佳系统效率。控制系统管理基于执行的最佳程序的结果控制从发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的转矩输入,以及系统效率优化,由此管理燃油经济性和电池充电。此外,可以基于构件或系统的错误确定操作。HCP5监控转矩产生装置,并确定变速器10的功率输出,该功率输出响应于在输出部件64处的要求输出转矩,以满足操作者转矩要求。从上面的描述可以看到,ESD74和第一和第二电机56和72是电操作连接的,其间有能量流。此外,发动机14,第一和第二电机56和72,以及电动机械变速器10是机械操作连接的,在其间传递功率以产生能量流到输出元件64。
【0031】图3和4示出了用于控制和管理具有多个转矩产生装置的动力系统中转矩和功率流的控制系统结构,下文将结合图1和2的动力系统进行描述,以执行算法和程序的形式存在于前述控制模块中。控制系统结构可应用于具有多个转矩产生装置的任何动力系统,包括,例如具有单个电机的混合动力系、具有多个电机的混合动力系和非混合动力系。
【0032】图3和4中的控制系统结构描述了在控制模块中可能的信号流。操作中,操作者对加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入被监控以确定操作者的转矩要求(‘To-req’)。监控发动机14和变速器10的操作以确定输入簌簌(‘Ni’)和输出速度(‘No’)。策略优化控制块(‘Strategic Control’)310基于输出速度和操作者的转矩要求确定优选输入速度(‘Ni-Des’)以及优选发动机状态和变速器工作档位状态(‘混合状态Hybrid Range State Des’),以及最好基于混合动力系的其它操作参数,包括此处描述的预期电池功率界限(‘PBAT-MIN/MAX-PRDTD’)和发动机14、变速器10以及第一和第二电机56和72的响应界限的优化。策略优化控制块310优选由HCP5在每100ms循环和每25ms循环期间执行。
【0033】策略优化控制块310的输出用于换档执行和发动机起动/停止控制块(‘Shift Execution and Engine Start/Stop’)320以指令变速器操作的变化(‘Transmission Commands’),包括改变工作档位状态。这里包括如果优选的工作档位状态不同于当前的工作档位状态,通过指令离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中的一个或多个的应用和其它变速器指令的变化来指令执行工作档位状态的变化。能够确定当前的工作档位状态(‘Hybrid Range State Actual’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni-Prof’)。输入速度曲线是对即将到来的输入速度的估计并优选包括数量参数值,数量参数值是即将来临的循环的目标输入速度。发动机操作指令和操作者的转矩要求基于变速器的工作档位状态转换期间的输入速度曲线。
【0034】策略控制和操作块(‘Tactical Control and Operation’)330在一个控制循环中重复执行以确定操作发动机14的发动机指令(‘Engine Commands’),包括基于变速器的输出速度、输入速度以及操作者的转矩要求和当前工作档位状态确定的从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,其包括全缸工作档位状态和停缸工作档位状态之一,其中发动机缸体的一部分非启动并且无燃油,发动机状态包括为燃油供应状态和燃油断供状态之一。
【0035】每个离合器的离合转矩(‘Tcl’)在TCM17中估算,包括当前应用的离合器和非应用离合器,并且反应输入元件12的当前发动机输入转矩(‘Ti’)在ECM23中估算。输出和马达转矩确定块(‘输出和马达转矩确定’)340是确定传动系(‘TO-CMD’)的优选输出转矩,其包括本实施例中用于控制第一和第二电机56和72的马达转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。优选输出转矩基于各个离合器的估计离合转矩。发动机14的当前输入转矩、当前工作档位状态、输入速度、操作者的转矩要求和输入速度范围。通过TPIM19控制第一和第二电机56和72以满足基于优选输出转矩的优选马达转矩指令。输出和马达转矩控制块340包括为确定优选马达转矩指令在6.25ms和12.5ms循环期间规律执行的算法编码。
【0036】图4描述了混合动力系中用于控制和管理输出转矩的系统,结合图1和2的混合动力系以及图3的控制系统结构进行描述。混合动力系被控制向输出元件64传递输出转矩,反应于动力系统以对车轮93产生牵引转矩,当操作者选择变速器档位选择器114的位置指令车辆向前方向的操作时响应于操作者对加速踏板113的输入向前推进车辆。优选地,向前推进车辆产生车辆加速度直至输出转矩足够克服车辆的外部载荷,外部载荷例如道路坡度、空气动力载荷和其它载荷。
【0037】BrCM22指令车轮93上的摩擦制动器施加制动力,并为变速器10生成指令以产生响应于网络操作者的对制动踏板112和加速踏板113的输入作用于传动系90的负值输出转矩。优选施加的制动力和负值输出转矩一旦完全克服车辆车轮93的动能就能够使车辆减速和停止。作用于传动系90的负值输出转矩将转矩传递到电动机械变速器10和发动机14。通过电动机械变速器10作用的负值输出转矩能够传递到第一和第二电机56和72以产生电功率储存在ESD74中。
【0038】操作者对加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入包括单独确定操作者的转矩要求输入,包括实时加速器输出转矩要求(‘Output Torque Request AccelImmed’)、预测加速器输出转矩要求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’)、实时制动输出转矩要求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’)预测制动输出转矩要求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’)和轴转矩响应类型(‘Axle TorqueRequeat Brake Prdtd’)。此处所用的术语‘加速器’表示当操作者选择了变速器档位选择器114的位置指令车辆向前运行,操作者要求向前推进产生车辆速度超过当前车辆速度的增加。术语‘减速’和‘制动’表示操作者要求产生车辆速度相对于当前车辆速度的降低。实时加速器输出转矩要求、预测加速器输出转矩要求、实时制动输出转矩要求、预测制动输出转矩要求和轴转矩响应类型单一输入到图4示出的控制系统。
【0039】实时加速器输出转矩要求是基于当前发生的对加速踏板113的操作输入来确定的,包括在输出元件64处产生实时输出转矩的要求,尤其是加速车辆。实时加速器输出转矩要求是未成形的,但是能够通过传动系控制之外的车辆操作情况来使之成形。所述情况包括在传动系控制防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制中车辆高度的障碍,其能够用于未成形或速度限制实时加速器输出转矩要求。
【0040】预测加速器输出转矩要求是基于操作者对加速踏板113的输入来确定,包括在输出元件64处的最佳或优化输出转矩。预测加速器输出转矩要求最好是与正常工作档位状态期间实时加速器输出转矩要求相等,正常工作档位状态例如当防抱死制动、牵引控制、或车辆稳定性的其中任一个没有被指令。当指令了防抱死制动、牵引控制、或车辆稳定性的其中任一个时,预测加速器输出转矩要求保持优选输出转矩与实时加速器输出转矩要求响应于防抱死制动、牵引控制、或车辆稳定性控制输出转矩指令而降低。
【0041】混合制动转矩包括在车轮93产生的摩擦制动转矩和在输出元件64产生的输出转矩的联合,其作用于传动系90以响应操作者到制动踏板112的输入使车辆减速。
【0042】实时制动输出转矩要求是基于当前发生的操作者对制动踏板112的输入确定的,包括输出元件64产生实时输出转矩的要求,以实现优选降低车速的传动系90的作用转矩。实时制动输出转矩要求基于操作者对制动踏板112的输入和控制摩擦制动器以产生摩擦制动转矩的控制信号确定。
【0043】预测制动输出转矩要求包括输出元件64处的最佳或优化制动输出转矩,在不考虑操作者对制动踏板112的输入的情况下,响应于操作者到制动踏板112的输出,并且受输出元件64产生的制动输出转矩的最大值影响。在一个实施例中,输出元件64处产生的制动输出转矩的最大值限制到-0.2g。当车速趋近于0时预测制动输出转矩要求能够逐步降到0,不管操作者对制动踏板112的输入如何。按照使用者的要求,在预测制动输出转矩要求设为0的工作档位状态下,例如,当操作者将变速器档位选择器114设为倒档时,和当传动箱(未示出)设为低档位四轮驱动时。预测制动输出转矩要求设为0的操作状态中,由于车辆操作因素,混合制动不是优选操作状态。
【0044】轴转矩响应类型包括成形的输入状态和通过第一和第二电机56和72响应的速度限制数输出转矩。轴转矩响应类型的输入状态可以是工作状态,优选包括适合的限制状态、最大值范围状态和停止状态中的一种。当指令轴转矩响应类型是工作状态时,输出转矩指令为实时输出转矩。优选这个响应类型的转矩响应是尽可能快速的。
【0045】预测加速器输出转矩要求和预测制动输出转矩要求被输入到策略优化控制块(‘Strategic Control’)310。策略优化控制块310的输出包括要求的变速器10的工作档位状态(‘Hybrid Range State Des’)和要求的从发动机14到变速器10的输入速度(‘Ni Des’),其包括输入到换档执行和发动机工作状态控制块(‘Shift Execution and Engine State/Stop’)320。
【0046】作用于变速器10的输入元件的来自发动机14的输入转矩的变化能够被发动机14的空气进入量的变化所影响,其中空气进入量通过使用电动节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门的位置来控制,电动节气门控制系统包括打开发动机节气门以增加发动机转矩和关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机转矩。来自发动机14的输入转矩的变化能够被调节点火定时器所影响,包括相对于预测最佳转矩点火定时器延迟点火定时器以降低发动机转矩。发动机状态能够在发动机停止状态和发动机工作状态之间变化以影响输入转矩的变化。发动机状态能够在全缸工作状态和停缸工作状态之间变化,其中发动机缸体的一部分是没有燃油的。发动机状态能够通过选择发动机14在加油状态和发动机运转并且不加油的断油状态之一而变化。通过选择应用和停用离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75指令和实施能够执行变速器10从第一工作档位状态到第二工作档位状态的换档。
【0047】实施加速器输出转矩要求、预测加速器输出转矩要求、实时制动输出转矩要求、预测制动输出转矩要求和轴转矩响应类型被输入到策略控制和操作块330以确定包括对于发动机14的优选输入转矩和优选发动机状态的发动机指令。
【0048】策略控制和操作块330能够被分为两部分。包括确定要求的发动机转矩,以及因此在发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72之间的功率分离,和控制发动机状态和发动机14的操作以满足要求的发动机转矩。发动机状态包括全缸状态和停缸状态,以及当前的工作档位状态和当前发动机速度的加油状态和减速的断油状态,和发动机停止状态和发动机工作状态。策略控制和操作块330监控预测加速器输出转矩和预测制动输出转矩以确定预测输入转矩要求。实时加速器输出转矩要求和实时制动输出转矩要求用于控制发动机速度/负载操作点以响应操作者对加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入,例如,确定发动机指令包括发动机14的优选输入转矩。尤其是,发动机14的优选输入转矩的速度变化仅仅发生在第一和第二电机56和72没有满足操作者的转矩要求时。
【0049】实时加速器输出转矩要求、实时制动输出转矩要求和轴转矩响应类型被输入到输出和马达转矩控制块(‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’)340。执行输出和马达转矩控制块340以确定每个循环的每次重复期间的马达转矩指令,优选6.25ms的循环。
【0050】来自发动机14的当前输入转矩(‘Ti’)和估计实施的离合转矩(‘Tcl’)被输入到马达转矩控制块340。轴转矩响应类型信号确定传递到输出元件64并由此到传动系90的输出转矩指令的转矩响应特征。
【0051】马达转矩控制块340控制第一和第二电机56和72的马达转矩指令,向变速器10的输出元件64传递网络指令的输出转矩,来满足操作者的转矩要求。
【0052】控制系统结构控制动力系统中功率致动器之间的功率流。动力系统利用两个和更多致动器向输出元件提供输出功率。控制功率致动器之间的功率流包括控制发动机14的输入速度NI,发动机14的输入转矩TI,第一和第二电机56和72的马达转矩TA,TB。尽管在上面描述的示范性实施例中,动力系统利用控制系统结构来控制包括发动机14、ESD74和第一和第一电机56和72的功率致动器之间的功率流,但是在可代替的实施例中控制系统结构能够控制其它类型的功率致动器之间的功率流。能够使用的示范性的功率致动器包括燃料电池、超级电容器和混合动力致动器。
【0053】控制系统结构管理使用电功率限制的示范性动力系统的电功率。包括监控ESD74的速度(‘VBAT’)和功率(‘PBAT’)。控制系统结构使用管理动力系统的电功率的方法包括设置预测电功率限制、长期电功率限制、短期电功率限制和基于电压的电功率限制。方法进一步包括确定使用预测电功率限制的优选发动机14的输入速度、优选发动机14的输入转矩、优选发动机状态和优选变速器10的工作档位状态。方法进一步包括确定约束发动机14的输入转矩的输入转矩约束和基于长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制约束输出元件64的输出转矩TO的输出转矩约束。通过约束输出转矩TO、总马达转矩TM,分别由第一和第二电机56和72的第一和第二马达转矩TA和TB组成,也基于输出转矩约束的设置和发动机14的输入转矩TI被约束。在另一个实施例中,总马达转矩约束的设置能够基于长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制确定,另外,或者代替输出转矩约束的设置。方法进一步包括基于电压的电功率限制确定输出转矩约束。
【0054】预测电功率限制包括关于优选ESD74完成等级的优选电池输出等级,即,预测电功率限制指定要求的ESD74的工作包被。预测电功率限制包括从最小预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-PRDTD’)到最大预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-PRDTD’)的电池输出功率级范围。预测电功率限制示范性地包括比长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制更约束的电池输出功率级范围。
【0055】长期电功率限制包括关于ESD74的工作的电池输出功率级,同时保持ESD74的的长期耐用性。在长期电功率限制之外的时间延长期的ESD74的工作会降低ESD74的的工作寿命。在一个实施例中,ESD74在稳定运行期间保持长期电功率限制,即,工作中没有相关的瞬时操作。典型的瞬时操作包括加速踏板113的向内和向外倾斜,其中要求瞬时加速器操作。保持ESD74在长期电功率限制下工作,允许ESD74提供例如释放最高功率级的功能不会降低ESD74的工作寿命。长期电功率限制包括电池输出功率级的范围从最小长期电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-LT’)到最大长期电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-LT’)。长期电功率限制示范性地包括比短期电功率限制更约束的电池输出功率级范围。
【0056】短期电功率限制包括关于电池工作的ESD74输出功率级,对于短期电池耐久性没有重大影响。在短期电功率限制之外的ESD74的工作会降低ESD74的的工作寿命。ESD74在短期电功率限制下工作,但是在短时间的长期电功率限制之外,会对ESD74的工作寿命有微小降低,尽管如此,不会产生ESD74的工作的大幅退化。在一个实施例中,ESD74在瞬时操作中保持在短期电功率限制。短期电功率限制包括电池输出功率级的范围从最小短期电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-ST’)到最大短期电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-ST’)。
【0057】基于电压的电功率限制包括基于ESD74要求的工作电压从最小基于电压的电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-VB’)到最大基于电压的电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-VB’)的电池输出功率级的范围。最小基于电压的电功率限制PBAT-MIN-VB是ESD74在达到最大电压VLID之前输出的电池输出功率的最小值。最大基于电压的电功率限制PBAT-MAX-VB是ESD74在达到最小电压VFLOOR之前能够输出的电池输出功率的估计值。最小电压VFLOOR是在对短期电池耐久性没有重大影响的情况下的电池工作的最小允许电压。当ESD74的电压级低于最小VFLOOR时从ESD74输出功率能够导致降低ESD74的工作寿命。
【0058】策略优化控制块310在优化功能中使用预测电功率限制,以基于预测电功率限制和操作者的转矩要求确定优选输入速度和变速器工作档位状态。策略控制块330在优化功能中使用预测电功率限制,以基于操作者的转矩要求和预测电功率限制确定优选输入转矩和发动机14的优选的发动机状态。优化控制块310和策略控制块330的优化功能确定通过确定具有最低损耗的相应操作点包括的优选输入速度、优选输入转矩、优选发动机状态和变速器工作档位状态中至少一个的优选操作点。预测电功率限制用于策略优化控制块310和策略控制块330的损耗功能中,以确定在所选择的操作点的发动机工作损耗。优化功能还依靠系统模块和动力系统组件的工作性能的估计来确定损耗。
【0059】策略控制块330基于短期电功率限制和长期电功率限制确定策略控制电功率约束的设置。特别是,当ESD74的电池输出功率在优选策略控制电池输出功率工作范围内时,策略控制块330设置策略控制电功率约束到长期电功率限制,其中优选策略控制电池输出功率工作范围是基于短期电功率限制所定义的。当电池输出功率在优选策略控制电池输出功率工作范围之外时,策略控制块330使用基于电池输出功率和短期电功率限制的反馈控制来修改策略控制电功率约束,以控制电池输出功率PBAT在优选策略控制电池输出工作范围内。
【0060】策略控制电功率约束的设置用于确定策略控制块330的输入转矩约束的设置。当优化功能所确定的优选输入转矩位于输入转矩约束的设置内时,策略控制块330要求发动机14的优选输入转矩,并且发动机14控制输入转矩TI达到优选输入转矩,例如,通过调整发动机加油和/或调整发动机节气门的位置。当优选输入转矩位于输入转矩约束之外时,策略控制块要求违反发动机14的输入转矩约束,并且发动机14调整燃烧计时器以控制输入转矩位于输入转矩约束内。
【0061】输出和马达转矩确定块340确定基于短期电功率限制和长期电功率限制的输出和马达转矩确定电功率约束的设置。特别是,输出和马达转矩确定块340设置输出和马达转矩确定电功率约束到长期电功率限制,当ESD74的电池输出功率位于优选输出和马达转矩确定电池输出功率工作范围内时,其中优选输出和马达转矩确定电池输出功率工作范围基于短期电功率限制而定义。当电池输出功率在优选输出和马达转矩确定电池输出功率工作范围之外时,输出和马达转矩确定块340使用基于电池输出功率和短期电功率限制的反馈控制来修改输出和马达转矩确定约束,以控制电池输出功率在优选输出和马达转矩确定电池输出功率工作范围内。
【0062】输出和马达转矩确定电功率约束的设置用于确定输出和马达转矩确定块340的输出转矩约束的设置。当输出和马达转矩确定块的优选输出转矩位于输出转矩约束的设置内时,输出和马达转矩确定块340要求第一和第二电机56和72的马达转矩满足优选输出转矩。当输出和马达转矩确定块340的优选输出转矩没有位于输出转矩约束的设置内时,输出和马达转矩确定块340要求第一和第二电机56和72的马达转矩违反马达转矩的约束。
【0063】控制系统监控电池输出功率超过长期电功率限制的持续时间。如果电池输出功率超过长期电功率限制比预测的时间阶段长,控制系统设置长期电功率限制到短期电功率限制。
【0064】控制电池功率输出低于基于电压的电功率限制的最大值并高于基于电压的电功率限制的最小值。输出和马达转矩确定块340使用基于电压的电功率限制的最大值和最小值以确定第一和第二电机56和72的最大马达转矩。输出和马达转矩确定块340和换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制块320使用最大马达转矩以确定在发动机启动期间不超过最大马达转矩启动发动机的发动机启动范围。例如,如果基于电压的电功率限制最大值高于功率级极限,使用具有较高电池输出功率的强烈启动范围。如果基于电压的电功率限制最大值低于功率级极限,使用具有较低电池输出功率的启动范围。此外,如果在启动期间电池输出功率超过基于电压的电功率限制的最大值,改变启动范围以保持电池输出功率在基于电压的电功率限制的最大值之下。基于电压的电功率限制的最大值能够进一步用于输出和马达转矩确定块340以允许在发动机启动情况下动力系统带来增加电池功率的优势。
【0065】图5描述了通过HCP5使用功率限制确定功能350建立预测电功率限制。使用基本上相似的功率限制确定功能例如功率限制确定功能350建立长期电功率限制、短期电功率限制和基于电压的电功率限制。
【0066】HCP5接受电池充电状态(‘SOCBAT’)、电池温度(‘TEMPBAT’)和BPCM21的电池安培-小时通过量(‘AH/HBAT’)。电池充电状态输入到基于SOC的功率限制确定功能(‘基于SOC的功率限制确定’)352以确定电池基于SOC最小预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-PRDTD-SOC’)和电池基于SOC的最大预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-PRDTD-SOC’)。电池温度输入到电池基于温度的功率限制确定功能(‘基于温度的功能限制确定’)354以确定电池基于温度的最小预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-PRDTD-TEMP’)和电池基于温度的最大预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-PRDTD-TEMP’)。电池安培-小时通过量输入到电池基于安培-小时通过量确定功能(‘基于AH/H功率限制确定’)356以确定电池基于安培-小时通过量的最小预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-PRDTD-AH/H’)和电池基于安培-小时通过量的最大预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-PRDTD-AH/H’)。在一个实施例中,基于SOC的功率限制确定功能352,电池基于温度的功率限制确定功能354和电池基于安培-小时通过量的功率限制确定功能356中的每个都包括查询表格。
【0067】全部预测电功率限制确定功能360设置最大预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MAX-PRDTD’)到电池基于SOC的最大预测电功率限制、电池基于温度的最大预测电功率限制和电池基于安培-小时通过量最大预测电功率限制的最低值。全部预测电功率限制确定功能360设置最小预测电功率限制(‘PBAT-MIN-PRDTD’)到电池基于SOC的最小预测电功率限制、电池基于温度的最小预测电功率限制、和电池基于安培-小时通过量最小预测电功率限制的最高值。
【0068】公开的内容通过优选实施例和其变形进行描述。但是在阅读和理解的过程中可以进行进一步的变形和改变。因此需要理解的是公开内容并不被限定到特殊的实施例,实施例仅仅作为实现本发明的最佳模式描述。公开的内容包括所有落入附加权利要求范围的实施例。
Claims (20)
1、一种用于控制动力系统的方法,该动力系统包括可操作以在多个功率致动器和输出元件之间传递功率的变速器和能量存储装置,该方法包括:
建立能量存储装置的电功率限制的第一组设置和电功率限制的第二组设置;
基于电功率限制的第一组设置确定第一功率致动器的优选输入功率;
基于电功率限制的第二组设置确定用于约束第一功率致动器的输入功率的功率约束的第一组设置和用于约束输出元件的输出功率的功率约束的第二组设置;以及
基于优选输入功率、功率约束的第一组设置和功率约束的第二组设置控制动力系统的操作。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
确定电功率限制的第三组设置;以及
基于电功率限制的第二组设置和电功率限制的第三组设置确定用于约束第一功率致动器的输入功率的功率约束的第一组设置和用于约束输出元件的输出功率的功率约束的第二组设置。
3、根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中约束第一功率致动器的输入功率的功率约束的第一组设置和约束输出元件的输出功率的功率约束的第二组设置用于闭环控制。
4、根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中电功率限制的第二组设置比电功率限制的第一组设置受到更多约束,并且比电功率限制的第三组设置受到更少约束。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:建立包括基于电压的电功率限制的电功率限制的第三组设置;以及基于电功率限制的第二组设置和电功率限制的第三组设置的用于约束输出元件的输出功率的功率约束的第二组设置。
6、根据权利要求5所述的方法,还包括基于电功率限制的第三组设置确定发动机启动范围。
7、根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中基于电压的电功率限制是基于达到用于操作能量存储装置的最小允许电压和用于操作能量存储装置的最大允许电压中的一个之前可以通过能量存储装置输出的功率的可用量。
8、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中电功率限制的第一组设置是基于用于操作能量存储装置要求的电功率级。
9、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中电功率限制的第二组设置是基于长期电池耐久性。
10、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中能量存储装置的电功率限制的第一组设置和电功率限制的第二组设置是基于能量存储装置的充电状态、能量存储装置的温度和能量存储装置的通过量中至少一个确定。
11、一种用于控制动力系统的方法,其中动力系统包括发动机、第二转矩装置、变速器装置和能量存储装置,变速器装置可操作地在发动机、第二转矩装置、和输出元件之间传递功率以产生输出转矩,该方法包括:
建立能量存储装置的预测电功率限制、长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制;
使用预测电功率限制确定优选发动机输入速度、优选发动机输入转矩、优选发动机状态和优选变速器工作档位状态;
基于长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制约束确定发动机的输入转矩的输入转矩约束的第一组设置和约束输出元件的输出转矩的输出转矩约束的第一组设置;
基于优选输入速度、优选输入转矩、优选发动机状态、优选变速器工作档位状态、输入转矩约束的第一组设置和输出转矩约束的第一组设置控制动力系统的操作。
12、根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中输入转矩约束的第一组设置和输出转矩约束的第一组设置用于闭环控制。
13、根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中预测电功率限制包括比长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制更多约束的电池输出功率级的范围。
14、根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
建立基于电压的电功率限制;
基于基于电压的电功率限制确定变速器的最大输出转矩;以及
基于变速器的最大输出转矩控制动力系统的操作。
15、根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中基于电压的电功率限制是基于达到操作能量存储装置的最小允许电压和操作能量存储装置的最大允许电压中的一个之前通过能量存储装置输出的功率的可用量。
16、根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
监控操作者的转矩要求;
使用预测电功率限制来确定马达转矩的允许范围;以及
基于操作者的转矩要求和马达转矩的允许范围确定发动机的优选输入转矩。
17、根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括基于预测电功率限制控制发动机节气门的位置。
18、根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括使用长期和短期电功率限制控制燃烧正时。
19、根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中能量存储装置的电功率限制的第一组设置和电功率限制的第二组设置是基于能量存储装置的充电状态、能量存储装置的温度和能量存储装置的通过量中的至少一个确定。
20、一种管理动力系统中电功率的方法,其中动力系统包括工作在发动机、连接于能量存储装置上的第一和第二转矩装置和输出元件之间传递功率的混合动力变速器,该方法包括:
建立能量存储装置的预测功率限制、长期电功率限制、短期电功率限制和基于电压的功率限制;
使用预测电功率限制确定优选发动机输入速度、优选发动机输入转矩、优选发动机状态和优选变速器工作档位状态;
基于长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制确定用于约束发动机的输入转矩的输入转矩约束的第一组设置和用于约束第一和第二转矩装置的马达转矩的马达转矩约束的第一组设置;以及
基于基于电压的功率限制确定第一和第二转矩装置的最大马达转矩输出。
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2008
- 2008-10-19 US US12/253,985 patent/US8847426B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-31 CN CN2008101778880A patent/CN101428616B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN101428616B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
US8847426B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
US20090115351A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
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