CN101508290B - 用于操作动力系统来控制发动机稳定性的方法 - Google Patents

用于操作动力系统来控制发动机稳定性的方法 Download PDF

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CN101508290B
CN101508290B CN2008101911938A CN200810191193A CN101508290B CN 101508290 B CN101508290 B CN 101508290B CN 2008101911938 A CN2008101911938 A CN 2008101911938A CN 200810191193 A CN200810191193 A CN 200810191193A CN 101508290 B CN101508290 B CN 101508290B
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engine
torque
candidate
cost
input
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CN101508290A (zh
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A·H·希普
W·布伦森
S·J·汤普森
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/84Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

Abstract

本发明涉及用于操作动力系统来控制发动机稳定性的方法,及一种发动机,其有选择地按多种发动机状态中的一种来运行,以将转矩传递到混合动力变速器的输入部件。混合动力变速器可响应操作者的转矩请求来运行以在输入部件和转矩机器和输出部件之间传递转矩。一种用于控制发动机的方法包括,监控操作者的转矩请求、响应操作者的转矩请求确定与多个候选发动机状态有关的运行功率成本、确定用于将发动机从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态所需的转换成本、确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机并随后在各候选发动机状态下运行发动机的稳定性成本、以及基于和用于多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择优选的发动机状态。

Description

用于操作动力系统来控制发动机稳定性的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年11月5日申请的美国临时申请No.60/985,410的权益,在此结合其作为参考。 
技术领域
本发明涉及在动力系统内控制发动机的稳定性。 
背景技术
在本部分中的陈述仅提供与所公开的内容相关的背景资料并且可能不构成现有技术。 
已知的动力系的结构包括转矩生成装置(包括内燃机和转矩机器),其通过变速器装置将转矩传递到输出部件上。一个示例性的动力系包括双模式复合-分解电动-机械变速器,其使用输入部件和输出部件,所述输入部件用于接收来自原动机动力源(优选为内燃机)的运动转矩。输出部件可运转地连接到机动车的传动系以将牵引转矩传递给传动系。电机(如用作电动机或发电机)向变速器产生与来自内燃机的转矩输入量无关的转矩输入量。电机可以将通过车辆的传动系传递的车辆动能转换为可储存在电能存储装置中的电能。控制系统监控来自车辆和操作者的各种输入量,并且提供对动力系的操作控制,包括控制变速器的工作状态和换档,控制转矩生成装置,以及调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电能互换以管理变速器的输出(包括转矩和转速)。 
发明内容
发动机有选择地按多种发动机状态中的一种来运行,以将转矩传递到混合动力变速器的输入部件。混合动力变速器可响应操作者的转矩请求来运行以在输入部件和转矩机器和输出部件之间传递转矩。一种用于控制发动机的方法包括,监控操作者的转矩请求、响应操作者的转矩请求确定与多个候选发动机状态有关的运行功率成本、确定用于将发动机从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态的转换成本、确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机并随后 在各候选发动机状态下运行发动机的稳定性成本、以及,基于用于多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择优选的发动机状态。 
本发明提供下列技术方案。
技术方案1:一种用于控制发动机的方法,该发动机有选择地在多种发动机状态中的一种下运行,以将转矩传递到混合动力变速器的输入部件,所述混合动力变速器可运转以在所述输入部件与转矩机器和输出部件之间传递转矩,以响应操作者的转矩请求产生输出转矩,所述方法包括:
监控操作者的转矩请求;
响应操作者的转矩请求来确定与多种候选的发动机状态有关的运行功率成本;
确定用于将所述发动机从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态的转换成本;
确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机并且随后在各候选的发动机状态下运行发动机的稳定性成本;和
根据用于所述多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择优选发动机状态。
技术方案2:如技术方案1所述的方法,还包括确定用于在所述候选的发动机状态中的一种下运行发动机以产生输入转矩的运行功率成本,以及确定用于响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述混合动力变速器以产生输出转矩的相关的运行功率成本。
技术方案3:如技术方案2所述的方法,包括根据在候选的发动机状态中所产生的输入转矩下的发动机燃料消耗水平和与响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述混合动力变速器以产生所述输出转矩有关的动力系的能量消耗来确定在所述候选的发动机状态中运行发动机的运行功率成本。
技术方案4:如技术方案1所述的方法,其中选择所述优选发动机状态包括选择使运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本的组合为最小的候选发动机状态。
技术方案5:如技术方案1所述的方法,还包括将所述发动机转换到在所述优选发动机状态下运行。
技术方案6:如技术方案1所述的方法,其中所述候选的发动机状态包括供给燃料的全部气缸工作状态、停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态、供给燃料的气缸停缸状态和停供燃料的气缸停缸状态中的一种。
技术方案7:一种用于控制发动机的方法,该发动机有选择地在多种发动机状态中的一种下运行,以将转矩传递到混合动力变速器的输入部件,所述混合动力变速器可运转以响应操作者的转矩请求在所述输入部件与第一及第二电机和输出部件之间传递转矩,从而将输出转矩传递到传动系,所述方法包括:
监控操作者的转矩请求;
响应操作者的转矩请求来确定与多种候选的发动机状态有关的动力系的运行功率成本;
确定用于将所述发动机从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态的转换成本;
确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机并且随后在各候选的发动机状态下运行发动机的稳定性成本;和
基于用于所述多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择一种候选的发动机状态作为优选发动机状态。
技术方案8:如技术方案7所述的方法,还包括确定用于在所述候选的发动机状态中的一种下运行发动机以产生输入转矩的运行功率成本,和确定用于响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述第一和第二电机以将电机转矩传递到所述混合动力变速器以产生输出转矩的相关的运行功率成本。
技术方案9:如技术方案8所述的方法,包括根据在候选的发动机状态中所产生的输入转矩下的发动机燃料消耗水平和响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述混合动力变速器以产生所述输出转矩的动力系的能量消耗来确定在所述候选的发动机状态中运行发动机的运行功率成本。
技术方案10:如技术方案7所述的方法,还包括选择使运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本的组合为最小的候选发动机状态。
技术方案11:如技术方案7所述的方法,还包括将所述发动机转换到在所述优选发动机状态下运行。
技术方案12:如技术方案11所述的方法,其中所述候选的发动机状态包括供给燃料的全部气缸工作状态、停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态、供给燃料的气缸停缸状态和停供燃料的气缸停缸状态中的一种。 
附图说明
现在将参照附图通过举例来描述一个或多个实施例,其中: 
图1是本发明的示例性动力系的示意图; 
图2是用于本发明的控制系统和动力系的示例性结构的示意图; 
图3和4是本发明用于控制和管理动力系统中的转矩的控制系统结构的示意性流程图;和 
图5是本发明的示意性流程图。 
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,其中这些附图仅是用于图解而非限制某些示例性实施例。图1和2描述了示例性的机械混合动力系。图1中描述了本发明的示例性的混合动力系,包括双模式复合-分解电动-机械混合动力变速器10,变速器10可运转地连接到发动机14和第一与第二电机(‘MG-A’)56与(‘MG-B’)72。发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72各产生可以传输到变速器10的动力。由发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72所产生并传输到变速器10的动力被描述为输入转矩和电动机转矩(此处分别称为TI、TA和TB)以及输入速度和电动机速度(此处分别称为NI、NA和NB)。 
示例性的发动机14包括有选择地在几种状态中运行以经过输入轴12将转矩传递到变速器10的多缸式内燃机,并且可以是火花点火式或压燃式发动机。发动机14包括可运转地连接到变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未显示)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上布置了转矩消耗部件(例如,液压泵(未显示)和/或转矩管理装置(未显示)),所以来自发动机14的功率输出(包括转速和发动机转矩)可不同于输入到变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI。 
示例性变速器10包括三个行星齿轮组24、26与28,和四个可选择性接合的转矩传递装置,即,离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。如此处所使用的离合器是指任何种类的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如,包括单板或复板离合器或组件、带式离合器,以及制动器。优选地通过变速器控制模块(今后称为‘TCM’)17来控制的液压控制回路42可操作控制离合器的状态。离合器C262和C475优选包括应用液压的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C170和C373优选包括可以有选择地挡接到(grounded to)变速器壳体68的液压控制的固定装置。各 离合器C170、C262、C373和C475优选是应用液压的、经过液压控制回路42有选择地接受加压的液压流体。 
第一和第二电机56和72优选包括三相交流电机,其各包括定子(未显示)和转子(未显示),和相应的解析器80和82。用于各机器的电动机定子挡接到变速器壳体68的外部,并且包括定子铁芯,该定子铁芯具有从其延伸的盘绕电绕组。用于第一电机56的转子支撑在毂衬齿轮上,所述毂衬齿轮经过第二行星齿轮组26可运转地连接到轴60。用于第二电机72的转子固定地连接到筒形轴毂66。 
各解析器80和82优选包括可变磁阻装置,该可变磁阻装置包括解析器定子(未显示)和解析器转子(未显示)。解析器80和82被恰当地定位和组装在第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个上。解析器80和82中相应的一个的定子可运转地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的一个定子。解析器转子可运转地连接到相应的第一和第二电机56和72的转子。各解析器80和82以信号传送的方式可运转地连接到变速器功率逆变器控制模块(今后称为‘TPIM’)19,并且所述控制模块分别检测和监控解析器转子相对于解析器定子的旋转位置,从而监控第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个的旋转位置。另外,来自解析器80和82的输出信号被译码以分别为第一和第二电机56和72提供旋转速度(即,NA和NB)。 
变速器10包括输出部件64(例如,轴),所述输出部件可运转地连接到车辆(未显示)的动力系90,以向传动系90提供传递到车轮93的输出功率,在图1中显示了一个车轮。输出部件64的输出功率表示为输出转NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出转速传感器84监控输出部件64的转速和转向。各车轮93优选配备有适合监控车轮转速的传感器94,通过关于图2所描述的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块来监控所述传感器的输出,从而确定车辆的速度和用于制动控制、牵引控制与车辆加速度管理的绝对及相对的车轮转速。 
来自发动机14的输入转矩和来自第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩(分别为TI、TA和TB)由来自燃料或存储在电能存储装置(今后称为‘ESD’)74中的电势的能量转换所产生。ESD 74经过直流(DC)传输导线27而高压直流连接到TPIM 19。传输导线27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38被闭合时,在正常条件下,电流可以在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38 断开时,在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动的电流被切断。TPIM 19通过传输导线29向第一电机56传输电能和从第一电机56输出电能,并且TPIM 19类似地通过传输导线31向第二电机72传输电能和从第二电机72输出电能,从而响应电动机转矩TA和TB满足第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令。根据ESD 74充电或放电来向ESD 74传输电流或从ESD 74中输出电流。 
TPIM 19包括一对功率逆变器(未显示)和相应的电动机控制模块(未显示),所述电动机控制模块构造来接收转矩指令并控制逆变器状态以用于提供满足所指令的电动机转矩TA和TB的电动机驱动或再生功能。功率逆变器包括已知的互补三相电力电子装置,并且各包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未显示),用于通过高频下的切换将来自ESD 74的直流电转换为用于给第一和第二电机56和72中相应的一个提供电力的交流电。绝缘栅双极晶体管形成构造成接收控制指令的开关式电源。一般每个三相电机的各相有一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极晶体管的状态以提供电机驱动的机械功率的产生或电力的再生功能。三相逆变器经过直流传输导线27接收或供应直流电,并且将所述直流电转换为三相交流电或者由交流电转换为直流电,所述直流电或交流电经过传输导线29和31传导到第一和第二电机56和72或从第一和第二电机56和72传导出来以使所述电机分别用作电动机或发电机。 
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。在下文中所描述的元件包括车辆总控制结构的子集合,并且提供了对图1中所描述的示例性混合动力系的协调系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关的信息和输入量,并且执行算法以控制不同的致动器来满足控制目标,包括与燃料经济性、排放物、性能、操纵性能和硬件(包括ESD 74的电池和第一与第二电机56与72)的防护有关的目标。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(今后称为‘ECM’)23、TCM17、电池组控制模块(今后称为‘BPCM’)21和TPIM 19。混合控制模块(今后称为‘HCP’)5提供了ECM23、TCM 17、BPCM21和TPIM 19的监视控制和协调。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接到多个装置,通过该用户界面,车辆操作者控制或指导电动-机械混合动力系的操作。所述装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’)、操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’)和车辆速度巡航控制器(未显示)。变速器档位选择器114可具有离散数量的操作者可选位置,包括输出部件64的转动方向以能够实现前进方向和倒退方向之一。 
上述控制模块经过局域网(今后称为‘LAN’)总线6与其他控制模块、传感器和致动器进行通讯。局域网总线6允许不同控制模块之间的工作参数状态和致动器指令信号的结构化通讯。所采用的特定的通信协议是专用的。局域网总线6和适当的协议在上述控制模块及提供包括(例如)防抱死、牵引力控制和车辆失稳功能的其他控制模块之间提供了鲁棒通信和多重控制模块接口。可以使用多条通信总线来提高通信速度并且提供某种程度的信号冗余度和完整性。还可以使用直接线路(例如,串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未显示))来实现各个控制模块之间的通讯。 
HCP 5提供了用来调整ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM 21的运行的混合动力系的监视控制。基于来自用户界面13和混合动力系(包括ESD74)的各种输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者的转矩请求、输出转矩指令、发动机输入转矩指令、用于所应用的变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩、以及用于第一与第二电机56与72的电动机转矩指令TA和TB。TCM 17可运转地连接到液压控制回路42,并且提供各种功能,包括:监控不同的压力传感装置(未显示)和产生及向不同的螺线管(未显示)传输控制信号从而控制容纳在液压控制回路42内部的压力开关和控制阀。 
ECM 23可操作地连接到发动机14,并且用于获得来自传感器的数据并通过多条分离的线路(为简单起见,显示为集合的双向接口电缆35)控制发动机14的致动器。ECM 23接收来自HCP 5的发动机输入转矩指令。ECM 23基于所监控到的传输到HCP 5的发动机转速和负荷来确定在该时间点提供给变速器10的当前发动机输入转矩TI。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入量以确定传输到输入轴12的发动机的输入速度,所述发动机的输入速度被转换为变速器的输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未显示)的输入量以确定发动机的其他工作参数(例如,包括歧管压力、发动机冷却剂温度、环境气温和环境压力)的状态。例如,可以根据歧管压力或者监控加速踏板113的操作者输入来确定发动机的负荷。ECM 23产生并传输指令信号以控制发动机的致动器,例如包括燃料喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块(均未显示)。 
TCM 17可操作地连接到变速器10,并且监控来自传感器(未显示)的输入量以确定变速器的工作参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传输指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM 17输入到HCP 5的输入量包括 各离合器(即,C170、C262、C373和C475)的预计离合器转矩和输出部件64的旋转输出速度NO。为了控制的目的,可以使用其他致动器和传感器来从TCM 17向HCP 5提供附加信息。如下文所描述的,TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未显示)的输入量并且有选择地致动液压控制回路42的压力控制螺线管(未显示)和换档螺线管(未显示),从而有选择地致动不同的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75来获得各种变速器工作范围的状态。 
BPCM 21信号连接到传感器(未显示)以监控ESD 74(包括电流和电压参数的状态)来向HCP 5提供指示ESD 74的电池参数状态的信息。电池的参数状态优选包括电池的充电状态、电池电压、电池温度和有效的电池功率(称为PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX的范围)。 
制动器控制模块(今后称为‘BrCM’)22可操作地连接到各车轮93的磨擦制动器(未显示)。BrCM 22监控操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量并且产生控制信号以控制磨擦制动器并向HCP 5发送控制信号以基于该控制信号来操作第一和第二电机56和72。 
各控制模块ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19、BPCM 21和BrCM 22优选为包括微处理器或中央处理器、存储介质、高速时钟、模拟-数字(‘A/D′)和数与-模拟(‘D/A′)电路、输入/输出电路与装置(‘I/O’)和适当的信号调节及缓冲电路的通用数字计算机,所述存储介质包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存取存储器(‘RAM’)、电可编程序只读存储器(‘EPROM’)。各控制模块具有一套控制算法,包括保存在一个存储介质中并且执行来提供各计算机的相应功能的常驻程序指令和标定值。控制模块之间的信息传输优选使用局域网(LAN)总线6和SPI总线来完成。在预置循环期间执行控制算法以便在各循环周期中至少执行一次各算法。使用预置标定值通过一个中央处理器来执行保存在非易失性存储器装置中的算法以监控来自传感装置的输入量并且执行控制和诊断程序以控制致动器的运行。在混合动力系正在运行的工作期间,每隔一定间隔(例如,每隔3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒)来执行循环。或者,可以响应事件的发生来执行算法。 
示例性混合动力系有选择地按可以被描述为发动机状态和变速器工作范围状态的多种状态中的一种来运行,所述发动机状态包括发动机启动状态 (‘ON’)和发动机停机状态(‘OFF’)中的一种,变速器工作范围状态包括多个固定档位和连续可变的运行方式,下面参照以下的表1来描述。 
表1
Figure GSB00000900899000091
上面的表格中描述了各变速器工作范围的状态,并且指出了具体的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中的哪几个用于各工作范围的状态。通过仅应用离合器C1 70来选用第一连续可变模式(即,EVT模式1或M1),以便“挡接”(固定连接)第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮部件。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M1_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M1_Eng_OfF’)中的一种。通过仅应用离合器C2 62以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的托架来选用第二连续可变模式(即,EVT模式2或M2)。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M2_Eng_OfF’)中的一种。对于该类描述来说,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度为0转/每分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不转动。固定档位运行提供了变速器10的输入与输出速度(即,NI/NO)的固定传动比运行。通过应用离合器C1 70和C4 75来选用第一固定传动比运行(‘G1’)。通过应用离合器C1 70和C2 62来选用第二固定传动比运行(‘G2’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选用第三固定传动比运行(‘G3’)。通过应用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选用第四固定传动比运行(‘G4’)。由于在行星齿轮24、26和28中已经减小了传动比,所以输入与输出速度的固定传动比运行随着所增大的固定传动比运行而增大。第一和第二电机 56和72的转速(分别为NA和NB)取决于由离合器所限定的机械的内部旋转并且与在输入轴12处所测得的输入速度成比例。 
响应于通过用户界面13所捕获的操作者经过加速踏板113和制动踏板112输入的输入量,HCP 5和一个或多个其他控制模块确定转矩指令以控制转矩生成装置(包括发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72)来满足在输出部件64处的传递到传动系90的操作者转矩请求。如下文所描述的,基于来自用户界面13和混合动力系(包括ESD 74)的输入信号,HCP 5确定操作者的转矩请求、从变速器10到传动系90的指令输出转矩、来自发动机14的输入转矩、用于变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器转矩;和分别用于第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩。 
最终的车辆加速度可能受其他因素(例如,包括道路负载、道路坡度和车辆质量)的影响。基于混合动力系的各种工作特性来确定变速器10的工作范围的状态。如以前所描述的,这包括通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传输到用户界面13中的操作者的转矩请求。可以根据指令所引起的混合动力系的转矩请求来确定所述工作范围的状态,从而按电能生成模式或转矩生成模式来运行第一和第二电机56和72。可以通过最优化算法或程序来确定所述工作范围的状态,所述算法或程序基于操作者对动力、电池充电状态、发动机14与第一及第二电机56及72的能量效率的要求来确定系统的最佳效率。控制系统基于执行优化程序的结果管理来自发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72的转矩输入量,并且优化系统效率,从而管理燃料经济性和蓄电池的充电。此外,可以基于部件或系统中的故障来确定操作。HCP 5监控转矩生成装置,并且响应于输出部件64处的期望输出转矩来确定需要从变速器10输出的功率以满足操作者的转矩请求。如在上述说明中所显而易见的,ESD 74和第一与第二电机56和72可操作地电力连接在一起以用于它们之间的能量流通。此外,用可运转的机械方法将发动机14、第一与第二电机56与72和电动-机械变速器10连接在一起来实现它们之间的能量转换以向输出部件64产生能量流。 
图3显示了用于控制和管理具有多个转矩生成装置的动力系统中的转矩和能量流的控制系统的结构,在下文中参照图1和2所示的混合动力系统来描述,所述结构以可执行的算法和标定值的形式常驻于上述控制模块中。所述控制系统的结构可以用于具有多个转矩生成装置的任何动力系统,例如,包 括具有单个电机的混合动力系统、具有多个电机的混合动力系统、以及非混合动力系统。 
图3的控制系统的结构描述了相关信号通过所述控制模块的流动。在操作中,监控操作者向加速踏板113和制动踏板112输入的输入量来确定操作者的转矩请求(‘To_req’)。监控发动机14和变速器10的运行以确定输入速度(‘NI’)和输出速度(‘NO’)。策略性的优化控制方案(‘Strategic Control’)310基于输出速度和操作者的转矩请求来确定优选的输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)和优选的发动机状态及变速器工作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range State Des’),并基于混合动力系的其他工作参数(包括电池功率的限制和发动机14、变速器10和第一与第二电机56与72的响应极限)进行优化。优选通过HCP 5在每100毫秒的循环周期和每25毫秒循环周期期间来执行所述策略性的优化控制方案310。 
策略性的优化控制方案310的输出量用于换档执行和发动机启/停控制方案(‘Shift Execution and Engine Start/Stop’)320以指令在变速器操作方面(‘Transmission Commands’)的变化(包括改变工作范围的状态)。如果优选工作范围的状态通过指令在所应用的离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75中的一个或多个及其他的变速器指令方面的变化而不同于当前工作范围的状态,则这包括命令执行工作范围状态方面的变化。可以确定当前工作范围的状态(‘Hybrid Range State Actual’,实际混合动力范围状态)和输入速度的分布(‘Ni_Prof’)。输入速度的分布是对即将来临的输入速度的预计并且优选包括标量参数值,该标量参数值是用于即将来到的循环周期的目标输入速度。在变速器的工作范围的状态的转换期间,发动机的操作指令和操作者的转矩请求是基于输入速度的分布的。 
在一个控制循环周期期间重复执行策略性控制方案(‘Tactical Control and Operation’)330以确定用于操作发动机的发动机指令(‘Engine Commands’),包括从发动机14输入到变速器10的基于输出速度、输入速度和用于变速器的操作者的转矩请求和当前工作范围状态的优选输入转矩。发动机指令还包括包括全部气缸工作状态与气缸停用工作状态中的一种的发动机状态和包括供给燃料状态与停供燃料状态(其中从发动机14的所有气缸切断燃料)中的一种的发动机状态,在所述停用工作状态中,一部分发动机气缸被停用并且停供燃料。 
在TCM 17中估算用于各离合器的离合器转矩(‘Tcl’),包括当前所应用的离合器和未应用的离合器,并且在ECM 23中确定反作用于输入部件12的当前发动机输入转矩(‘Ti’)。执行输出转矩和电动机转矩的确定方案(‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’)340以确定来自动力系的优选输出转矩(‘To_cmd’),在该实施例中,该输出转矩包括用于控制第一和第二电机56和72的电动机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。优选的输出转矩是基于用于各离合器的预计离合器转矩、来自发动机14的当前输入转矩、当前工作范围的状态、输入速度、操作者的转矩请求和输入速度分布的。基于优选的输出转矩通过TPIM 19来控制第一和第二电机56和72,以满足优选的电动机转矩指令的要求。输出转矩和电动机转矩的确定方案340包括算法代码,在6.25毫秒和12.5毫秒的循环周期的期间内定期执行所述算法代码以确定优选的电动机转矩指令。 
图4详细说明了所述策略性控制方案(‘Tactical Control and Operation’)330中的信号流,所述信号流用于控制参照图1与2中的混合动力系统和图3与4中的控制系统的结构所述的发动机14的运行。策略性控制方案330包括策略性优化控制路径350和系统约束的控制路径360,优选同时执行所述控制路径。将策略性优化控制路径350的输出量输入到发动机状态的控制方案370。将发动机状态的控制方案370和系统约束的控制路径360的输出量输入到发电机响应类型的确定方案(‘Engine Response Type Determination’)380以用于控制发动机状态、即时发动机转矩请求、预计的发动机转矩请求、以及发动机响应类型。 
可以将来自发动机14的输入量描述为发动机工作点(包括发动机转速和发动机转矩),其可以被转换为对变速器10的输入部件起反作用的输入速度和输入转矩。当发动机14包括火花点火式发动机时,发动机工作点的变化可通过以下方式来实现:改变进入到发动机14中的空气质量;应用节气门电子控制系统(未显示)来控制发动机节气门(未显示)的位置,包括打开发动机节气门来增大发动机转矩和关闭发动机节气门来减小发动机转矩。发动机工作点的变化可通过调整点火定时来实现,包括从平均最优转矩的点火定时来延迟点火定时以减小发动机转矩。当发动机14包括压燃式发动机时,通过控制喷射燃料的质量来控制发动机工作点,并且通过从平均最优转矩的喷油定时来延迟喷油定时以减小发动机转矩。可以通过改变发动机停止状态与发动机工作状态之 间的发动机状态、控制全部气缸工作状态与气缸停缸状态之间的发动机状态和控制发动机燃料供给状态与停供燃料状态(其中发动机是转动的并且停供燃料以实施发动机制动)之间的发动机状态来改变发动机工作点以引起输入转矩的变化。 
在操作中,监控操作者向加速踏板113和制动踏板112的输入量来确定操作者的转矩请求。确定输出部件64和输入部件12的当前速度(即,No和Ni)。确定变速器14的当前工作范围的状态和当前的发动机状态。确定电能存储装置74的最大和最小的电功率策略控制的功率约束。 
操作者向加速踏板113和制动踏板112输入的输入量包括可分别确定的操作者转矩请求的输入量,其包括即时的加速输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Immed’)、预计的加速输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’)、即时的制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’)、预计的制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’)和车轴转矩响应类型(‘Axle Torque Response Type’)。如此处所使用的,术语“加速”是指向前推进和反向推进的操作者请求,该请求优选在变速器档位选择器114的操作者选用位置指令车辆按前进方向行驶时引起车速增加到当前车速以上,当指令车辆按相反方向行驶时产生类似的响应。术语“减速”和“制动”是指优选引起车速从当前车速下降的操作者的请求。即时的加速输出转矩请求、预计的加速输出转矩请求、即时的制动输出转矩请求、预计的制动输出转矩请求和车轴转矩响应类型是输入到图3所示控制系统的独立输入量。 
即时的加速输出转矩请求包括基于操作者向加速踏板113输入的输入量所确定的即时转矩请求。控制系统响应即时的加速输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力系统的输出转矩以引起车辆的正加速。即时的制动输出转矩请求包括基于操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量所确定的即时制动请求。控制系统响应即时的制动输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力系统的输出转矩以引起车辆的减速或负加速。将通过控制来自混合动力系统的输出转矩所产生的车辆减速与车辆制动系统(未显示)所产生的车辆减速结合在一起来降低车辆速度以获得即时的制动请求。 
基于操作者向加速踏板113输入的当前输入量来确定即时的加速输出转矩请求,并且优选包括在输出部件64处产生即时的输出转矩以给车辆加速 的请求。即时的加速输出转矩请求是未整形的(unshaped),但是可以通过在动力系控制之外影响车辆运行的事件来整形。所述事件包括动力系控制中用于防抱死制动、牵引力控制和车辆失稳控制的车辆级中断,其可以被用于未整形的或速率限制的即时加速输出转矩请求。 
基于操作者向加速踏板113输入的输入量来确定预计的加速输出转矩请求,并且该预计的加速输出转矩请求包括输出部件64处的最优或优选的输出转矩。在正常工作状态期间(例如,当不指令防抱死制动、牵引力控制或车辆失稳中的任何一个时),预计的加速输出转矩请求优选等于即时的加速输出转矩请求。当指令防抱死制动、牵引力控制或车辆失稳中的任何一个时,预计的加速输出转矩请求保持优选输出转矩,同时即时加速输出转矩请求响应与防抱死制动、牵引力控制或车辆失稳控制有关的输出转矩指令而逐步减小。 
混合制动转矩包括在车轮93处产生的摩擦制动转矩和在输出部件64处产生的输出转矩的组合,所述混合制动转矩响应操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量来反作用于传动系90以降低车辆的速度。 
基于操作者输入到制动踏板112的当前输入量来确定即时的制动输出转矩请求,并且该即时的制动输出转矩请求包括在输出部件64处产生即时输出转矩以引起与传动系90的反作用转矩的请求,优选所述反作用转矩降低车辆的速度。基于操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量和控制摩擦制动器以产生磨擦制动转矩的控制信号来确定即时的制动输出转矩请求。 
预计的制动输出转矩请求包括响应操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量在输出部件64处的最优的或优选的制动输出转矩,该输出转矩受控于容许在输出部件64处产生的与操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量无关的最大制动输出转矩。在一个实施例中,在输出部件64处产生的最大制动输出转矩被限制为-0.2g。当车辆速度接近零而与操作者向制动踏板112输入的输入量无关时,可以将预计的制动输出转矩请求逐步减小到零。如用户愿意,可以存在预计的制动输出转矩请求被设置为零的工作条件,例如,当操作者将变速器档位选择器114设置为倒档,并且当分动箱(未显示)设置为四轮驱动的低档位时的条件。预计的制动输出转矩请求被设置为零的工作条件是由于车辆的运行因数而不优选混合制动的工作条件。 
车轴转矩响应类型包括用于通过第一和第二电机56和72整形和限制输出转矩响应的速率的输入状态。用于车轴转矩响应类型的所述输入状态可以是工作状态,优选包括合理限制状态(pleasability limited state)、最大范围状态和和待用状态之一。当所指令的车轴转矩响应类型为工作状态时,输出转矩指令为即时的输出转矩。优选地,对该响应类型的转矩响应是尽可能快的响应。 
策略性的优化控制路径350作用于大致稳态的输入量以选择优选的发动机状态,并且确定从发动机14输入到变速器10的优选的输入转矩。所述输入量来源于换档执行和发动机启/停的控制方案320。策略性的优化控制路径350包括优化方案(‘Tactical Optimization’)354以确定在全部气缸工作状态(‘Input Torque Full’)、气缸停缸状态(‘Input Torque Deac’)、停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态(‘Input Torque Full FCO’)、停供燃料的气缸停缸状态(‘Input Torque Deac FCO’)和优选的发动机状态(‘Engine State’)中用于操纵发动机14的优选输入转矩。优化方案354的输入量包括变速器10的提前工作范围的状态(‘Lead Hybrid Range State’,提前混合动力范围状态)、预计的提前输入加速度分布(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Predicted’)、在所述提前工作范围的状态中所使用的各离合器的离合器反作用转矩的预计范围(‘Predicted Clutch Reactive Torque Min/Max’)、预计的电功率极限(‘Predicted Battery Power Limits’)、预计的加速输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’)和预计的制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’)。通过预计的输出转矩整形滤波器352组合用于加速和制动的预计的输出转矩请求并且用车轴转矩响应类型来整形所述输出转矩请求以产生预计的净输出转矩(‘To Net Prdtd’)和预计的加速输出转矩(‘To Accel Prdtd’),所述输出转矩是输入到优化方案354中的输入量。变速器10的提前工作范围的状态包括变速器10的工作范围状态的时移提前(time-shifted lead),以适应在工作范围状态和当前工作范围状态中所指令的变化之间的响应时间的滞后。从而,变速器10的所述提前工作范围状态是指令的工作范围状态。所述预计的提前输入加速度分布包括输入部件12的预计输入加速度分布的时移提前,以适应在预计的输入加速度分布中所指令的变化和预计的输入加速度分布中所测得的变化之间的响应时间的滞后。从而,所述预计的提前输入加速度分布是在时移之后出现的输入部件12的预计输入加速度分布。指定为“提前”的参数用来适应通过动力系而(使用具有变化响应时间的装置)汇合在公共输出 部件64处的转矩的同时传递。具体地说,发动机14可以具有大小约为300-600毫秒的响应时间,并且各转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75可以具有大小约为150-300毫秒的响应时间,并且第一与第二电机56与72可以具有大小约为10毫秒的响应时间。 
优化方案354确定用于在发动机状态中运行发动机14的成本,所述运行包括在供给燃料并处于全部气缸工作状态中运行发动机(‘PCOST FULL FUEL’)、在未供燃料并处于全部气缸工作状态中运行发动机(‘PCOST FULL FCO’)、在供给燃料并处于气缸停缸状态中运行发动机(‘PCOST DEAC FUEL’)和在未供燃料并处于气缸停缸状态中运行发动机(‘PCOST DEAC FCO’)。将用于运行发动机14的上述成本和当前发动机状态(‘Actual Engine State’)与许用或容许的发动机状态(‘Engine State Allowed’)一起输入到稳定性分析方案(‘Stabilization and Arbitration’)356中来选择一个发动机状态作为优选的发动机状态(‘Preferred Engine State’)。 
将在有和没有停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态和气缸停缸状态中用于运行发动机14的优选的输入转矩输入到发动机转矩换算器355,并且通过考虑发动机14和变速器10之间引入的附加负荷及其他负荷来将所述优选输入转矩分别换算为全部气缸工作状态和气缸停缸状态(‘Optimal Engine Torque Full’)和(‘Optimal Engine Torque Deac’)及停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态和气缸停缸状态(‘Engine Torque Full FCO’)和(‘Engine Torque Deac FCO’)中的优选发动机转矩。用于在全部气缸工作状态与气缸停缸状态和优选的发动机状态中运行的所述优选的发动机转矩包括输入到发动机状态控制方案370中的输入量。 
用于运行发动机14的成本包括运行成本,所述运行成本是基于包括车辆驾驶性能、燃料经济性、排放物和电池利用率的因素来确定的。成本的分配与燃料及电力消耗有关并且与混合动力系的具体的工作点有关。较低的运行成本可能与高转换效率下的较低油耗、较低电池电源利用率和用于各发动机转速/负载的工作点的较低排放有关,并且考虑到发动机14的当前工作状态。 
将全部气缸工作状态和气缸停缸状态中的优选发动机状态和优选发动机转矩输入到发动机状态控制方案370中,所述控制方案包括发动机状态机器(‘Engine State Machine’)372。发动机状态机器372基于优选的发动机转矩和优选的发动机状态来确定目标发动机转矩(‘Target Engine Torque’)和发动机状态(‘Engine State’)。所述目标发动机转矩和发动机状态被输入到转换滤波器 374中,所述转换滤波器监控发动机状态中的任何指令转换并且滤波目标发动机转矩以提供滤波过的目标发动机转矩(‘Filtered Target Engine Torque’)。发动机状态机器372输出某一指令,该指令指示选择气缸停缸状态和全部气缸工作状态中的一种状态(‘DEAC Selected’),并且指示选择发动机燃料供给状态和停供燃料的减速状态中的一种状态(‘FCO Selected’)。 
将气缸停缸状态与全部气缸工作状态中的一种状态的选择和发动机燃料供给状态与停供燃料的减速状态中的一种状态的选择及滤波过的目标发动机转矩、最小和最大发动机转矩输入到发动机响应类型的确定方案380。 
系统约束的控制路径360确定了输入转矩上的约束,其包括可能被变速器10反作用的最小和最大的输入转矩(‘Input Torque Hybrid Minimum’和‘Input Torque Hybrid Maximum’)。基于对变速器10、第一与第二电机56与72和ESD 74的约束来确定最小和最大的输入转矩,所述约束影响变速器10和电机56与72在当前循环周期期间反作用于输入转矩的能力。 
输入到系统约束的控制路径360的输入量包括由加速踏板113来调节的即时输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Immed’)和由制动踏板112来调节的即时输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’),所述转矩请求结合在一起并且通过即时的输出转矩整形滤波器362被车轴转矩响应类型整形以产生净即时输出转矩(‘To Net Immed’)和即时加速输出转矩(‘To Accel Immed’)。将所述净即时输出转矩和即时加速输出转矩输入到约束方案(‘Output and Input Torque Constraints’)364。输入约束方案364的其他输入量包括变速器10的提前工作范围的状态、即时的提前输入加速度的分布(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Immed’)、在提前工作范围状态中用于所应用的各离合器的提前即时离合器反作用转矩的范围(‘Lead Immediate Clutch Reactive Torque Min/Max’)。目标的提前输入加速度分布包括输入部件12的即时输入加速度分布的时移提前,以适应在即时的输入加速度分布中所指令的变化和即时的输入加速度分布中所测得的变化之间的响应时间的滞后。提前即时离合器反作用转矩的范围包括离合器的即时离合器反作用转矩范围的时移提前,以适应即时离合器转矩范围中所指令的变化和即时离合器反作用转矩范围中所测得的变化之间的响应时间的滞后。约束方案364基于上述输入量来确定用于变速器10的输出转矩的范围,并且然后确定可以由变速器10反作用的最小和最大的输入转矩。 
最小和最大的输入转矩被输入到发动机转矩换算器355,并且通过考虑到发动机14和变速器10之间所引入的附加负荷及其他负载而转换为最小和最大的发动机转矩(分别为‘Engine Torque Hybrid Minimum’和‘Engine Torque Hybrid Maximum’)。 
滤波过的目标发动机转矩、发动机状态机器372的输出量和发动机的最小与最大发动机转矩被输入到发动机响应类型的确定方案380,所述确定方案将发动机指令输入到ECM 23,用于控制发动机状态、即时的发动机转矩请求和预计的发动机转矩请求。所述发动机指令包括即时的发动机转矩请求(‘Engine Torque Request Immed’)和预计的发动机转矩请求(‘Engine Torque Request Prdtd’),可以基于滤波过的目标发动机转矩来确定所述发动机转矩请求。其他指令将发动机状态控制为发动机燃料供给状态和停供燃料的减速状态中的一种(‘FCO Request’),并且控制为气缸停缸状态和全部气缸工作状态中的一种(‘DEAC Request’)。另一输出量包括发动机响应类型(‘Engine Response Type’)。当滤波过的目标发动机转矩处于最小和最大的发动机转矩之间的范围内时,发动机响应类型是不起作用的。当滤波过的目标发动机转矩在最小和最大的发动机转矩(‘Engine Torque Hybrid Minimum’)和(‘Engine Torque Hybrid Maximum’)的约束之外时,发动机响应类型是起作用的,表示发动机转矩需要即时变化,例如,通过发动机火花控制和延迟来改变发动机转矩和输入转矩以使其落入最小和最大的发动机转矩的约束的范围内。 
图5描述了稳定性分析方案356,其包括发动机转换的成本功能(‘Engine Transition Costs’)510、优化稳定性的成本功能(‘Optimization Stabilization Costs’)520和发动机状态的确定功能(‘Engine State Determination’)530。控制发动机14的运行来将转矩传递到输入部件12。这包括监控操作者的转矩请求并且响应操作者的转矩请求来确定与候选的发动机状态有关的运行功率成本。确定用于将发动机14从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态的转换成本。可以确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机14并且随后在各候选的发动机状态下运行发动机14的稳定性成本。基于用于多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择一种候选的发动机状态作为优选的发动机状态。用于在一种候选发动机状态中运行发动机的运行功率成本是基于动力成本的,从而产生输入转矩和关联的运行功率成本,用于操作变速器10以产生响应操作 者的转矩请求的输出转矩。用于在候选的发动机状态下运行发动机的运行功率成本是基于所述候选的发动机状态下产生的输入转矩时的发动机燃料消耗量水平的。基于运行混合动力变速器以产生响应操作者的转矩请求的输出转矩和用于候选发动机状态的输入转矩来确定关联的动力系的能量消耗。 
发动机转换成本功能510监控当前的发动机状态(‘Actual Engine State’),并且确定与当前发动机状态和各候选发动机状态(‘PCOST FUlL FUEL2’、‘PCOST FULL FCO2’、‘PCOST DEAC FUEL2’、‘PCOST DEAC FCO2’)之间的转换有关的转换成本(‘Potential Engine State’)。转换成本是基于与发动机状态转换有关的能量和动力成本的,其中在转换期间消耗燃料或电功率而不相应增加输出功率,或者输出功率可能减少,而来自发动机14和第一与第二电机56与72的输入功率保持不变。优选是,预先确定转换成本并且将其作为查找表格保存在一个储存装置中。所述转换成本包括从停供燃料的全部气缸工作到供给燃料的全部气缸工作的转换成本(‘PCOST1’);从供给燃料的气缸停缸到供给燃料的全部气缸工作的转换成本(‘PCOST2’);从停供燃料的气缸停缸到供给燃料的全部气缸工作的转换成本(‘PCOST3’);从供给燃料的全部气缸工作到停供燃料的全部气缸工作的转换成本(‘PCOST4’);从供给燃料的气缸停缸到停供燃料的全部气缸工作的转换成本(‘PCOST5’);从停供燃料的气缸停缸到停供燃料的全部气缸工作的转换成本(‘PCOST6’);从供给燃料的全部气缸工作到供给燃料的气缸停缸的转换成本(‘PCOST7’);从停供燃料的全部气缸工作到供给燃料的气缸停缸的转换成本(‘PCOST8’);从停供燃料的气缸停缸到供给燃料的气缸停缸的转换成本(‘PCOST9’);从供给燃料的全部气缸工作到停供燃料的气缸停缸的转换成本(‘PCOST 10’);从停供燃料的全部气缸工作到停供燃料的气缸停缸的转换成本(‘PCOST11’);和从供给燃料的气缸停缸到停供燃料的气缸停缸的转换成本(‘PCOST12’)。当候选的发动机状态等于当前的发动机状态时,转换成本为零。 
优化稳定性成本功能520监控上述优选的发动机状态,并且确定用于在上述25毫秒的循环周期内的优选的发动机状态(其是来自于一个存储介质的)和各候选的发动机状态(‘Potential Engine State’)之间的转换的稳定性成本(‘PCOST FULL FUEL3’、‘PCOST FULL FCO3’、‘PCOST DEAC FUEL3’、‘PCOST DEAC FCO3’)。所述优化稳定性成本是基于与发动机状态转换有关的能量和动力成本(如前面所述的)和与驾驶性能成本有关的成本的。优选是,预先确定优化稳定性成本并且将其 作为查找表格保存在一个储存装置中。所述优化稳定性成本包括从停供燃料的全部气缸工作到供给燃料的全部气缸工作的稳定性成本(‘PCOST13’);从供给燃料的气缸停缸到供给燃料的全部气缸工作的稳定性成本(‘PCOST14’);从停供燃料的气缸停缸到供给燃料的全部气缸工作的稳定性成本(‘PCOST15’);从供给燃料的全部气缸工作到停供燃料的全部气缸工作的稳定性成本(‘PCOST16’);从供给燃料的气缸停缸到停供燃料的全部气缸工作的稳定性成本(‘PCOST17’);从停供燃料的气缸停缸到停供燃料的全部气缸工作的稳定性成本(‘PCOST18’);从供给燃料的全部气缸工作到供给燃料的气缸停缸的稳定性成本(‘PCOST19’);从停供燃料的全部气缸工作到供给燃料的气缸停缸的稳定性成本(‘PCOST20’);从停供燃料的气缸停缸到供给燃料的气缸停缸的稳定性成本(‘PCOST21’);从供给燃料的全部气缸工作到停供燃料的气缸停缸的稳定性成本(‘PCOST22’);从停供燃料的全部气缸工作到停供燃料的气缸停缸的稳定性成本(‘PCOST23’);和从供给燃料的气缸停缸到停供燃料气缸停缸的稳定性成本(‘PCOST24’)。当候选的发动机状态等于上述优选的发动机状态时,优化稳定性成本为零。 
发动机状态的确定功能530监控来自优化方案354的运行成本、与当前发动机状态有关的来自发动机转换成本功能510的转换成本和与上述优选的发动机状态有关的来自用于各候选发动机状态的优化稳定性成本功能520的优化稳定性成本。发动机状态的确定功能530监控启动信号,所述启动信号指出哪一种候选的发动机状态是有效的,并因此允许转换到该候选的发动机状态。所述启动信号包括供给燃料的气缸停缸启动信号(‘Enable Deac Fuel’);停供燃料的气缸停缸启动信号(‘Enable Deac FCO’);和停供燃料的全部气缸工作启动信号(‘Enable Full FCO’)。供给燃料的全部气缸工作状态总是被启动的。 
发动机状态的确定功能530通过将来自优化方案354的运行成本、来自发动机转换成本功能510的与当前发动机状态有关的转换成本和来自用于各候选发动机状态的优化稳定性成本功能520的与上述优选发动机状态有关的优化稳定性成本相加来确定用于各候选发动机状态的总的运行成本。发动机状态确定功能530基于候选发动机状态之中的最低成本来确定并输出优选的发动机状态(‘Preferred Engine State’),所述候选发动机状态是根据启动信号来允许的。 
稳定性分析方案356基于指示动力系运行效率的运行成本来确定优选的发动机状态,从而为动力系统提供有效的燃料运行。此外,稳定性分析方案356基于转换成本和优化稳定性成本来确定优选的发动机状态,以防止发动机状态和发动机转矩请求的变化之间的过度转换,从而提高燃料经济性和降低可能的噪音、振动和刺耳的问题。 
本发明已经描述了某些优选实施例及其变体。当阅读和理解本说明书时,可以想到进一步的修改和变化。因此,本发明不限于用于实施本发明的所公开的作为最佳方式的特殊实施例,但是本发明包括落入权利要求范围内的全部实施例。 

Claims (12)

1.一种用于控制发动机的方法,该发动机有选择地在多种发动机状态中的一种下运行,以将转矩传递到混合动力变速器的输入部件,所述混合动力变速器可运转以在所述输入部件与转矩机器和输出部件之间传递转矩,以响应操作者的转矩请求产生输出转矩,所述方法包括:
监控操作者的转矩请求;
响应操作者的转矩请求来确定与多种候选的发动机状态有关的运行功率成本;
确定用于将所述发动机从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态的转换成本;
确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机并且随后在各候选的发动机状态下运行发动机的稳定性成本;和
根据用于所述多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择优选发动机状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括确定用于在所述候选的发动机状态中的一种下运行发动机以产生输入转矩的运行功率成本,以及确定用于响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述混合动力变速器以产生输出转矩的相关的运行功率成本。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,包括根据在候选的发动机状态中所产生的输入转矩下的发动机燃料消耗水平和与响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述混合动力变速器以产生所述输出转矩有关的动力系的能量消耗来确定在所述候选的发动机状态中运行发动机的运行功率成本。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中选择所述优选发动机状态包括选择使运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本的组合为最小的候选发动机状态。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将所述发动机转换到在所述优选发动机状态下运行。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述候选的发动机状态包括供给燃料的全部气缸工作状态、停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态、供给燃料的气缸停缸状态和停供燃料的气缸停缸状态中的一种。
7.一种用于控制发动机的方法,该发动机有选择地在多种发动机状态中的一种下运行,以将转矩传递到混合动力变速器的输入部件,所述混合动力变速器可运转以响应操作者的转矩请求在所述输入部件与第一及第二电机和输出部件之间传递转矩,从而将输出转矩传递到传动系,所述方法包括:
监控操作者的转矩请求;
响应操作者的转矩请求来确定与多种候选的发动机状态有关的动力系的运行功率成本;
确定用于将所述发动机从当前发动机状态转换到各候选发动机状态的转换成本;
确定用于在当前发动机状态下运行发动机并且随后在各候选的发动机状态下运行发动机的稳定性成本;和
基于用于所述多种发动机状态的运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本来选择一种候选的发动机状态作为优选发动机状态。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包括确定用于在所述候选的发动机状态中的一种下运行发动机以产生输入转矩的运行功率成本,和确定用于响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述第一和第二电机以将电机转矩传递到所述混合动力变速器以产生输出转矩的相关的运行功率成本。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,包括根据在候选的发动机状态中所产生的输入转矩下的发动机燃料消耗水平和响应操作者的转矩请求来运行所述混合动力变速器以产生所述输出转矩的动力系的能量消耗来确定在所述候选的发动机状态中运行发动机的运行功率成本。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包括选择使运行功率成本、转换成本和稳定性成本的组合为最小的候选发动机状态。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包括将所述发动机转换到在所述优选发动机状态下运行。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述候选的发动机状态包括供给燃料的全部气缸工作状态、停供燃料的全部气缸工作状态、供给燃料的气缸停缸状态和停供燃料的气缸停缸状态中的一种。
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