CN101500521A - 成形的弹性拉袢层合件 - Google Patents

成形的弹性拉袢层合件 Download PDF

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CN101500521A
CN101500521A CNA2007800295951A CN200780029595A CN101500521A CN 101500521 A CN101500521 A CN 101500521A CN A2007800295951 A CNA2007800295951 A CN A2007800295951A CN 200780029595 A CN200780029595 A CN 200780029595A CN 101500521 A CN101500521 A CN 101500521A
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杰施里·塞思
凯瑟琳·A·格拉哈姆
布兰迪·S·诺兰
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具有一个或多个附接的弹性元件的基层的弹性层合件,所述附接的弹性元件形成弹性区域。所述弹性区域的宽度从所述弹性拉袢的末端到所述弹性拉袢的近端各不相同,使得邻近所述末端的宽度比邻近所述近端的宽度窄20%至80%。所述弹性区域由多个区段限定,在所述弹性拉袢的弹性区域的长度方向上具有不同的平均宽度。所述一个或多个弹性元件在一种或多种特性方面有差别,使得在所述成形的弹性拉袢层合件的给定伸长率的情况下,具有不同宽度的多个所述区段具有基本相同的伸长程度。

Description

成形的弹性拉袢层合件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种成形的弹性拉袢层合件,用于弹性紧固拉袢或弹性紧固元件。弹性紧固拉袢或弹性紧固元件被设计以在用作制品上的闭合拉袢时提供适形的贴合,所述制品通常为一次性制品,例如尿布、睡衣、包裹物等。
背景技术
弹性部件已经广泛用于诸如尿布之类的一次性制品,以产生更舒适和更牢固的贴合,这主要沿腿部和腰部使用。Datta等人的美国专利申请No2002/0165516提出了腰区弹性部件的具体设计的实例,该专利申请提出了一种具有可拉伸的外覆盖件的一次性尿布,其中可拉伸的外覆盖件可构造为在经受张力时提供具有不同伸长水平的区域。
Morman等人的美国专利No.6,456,073提出了一种可拉伸的非织造网,或可拉伸的非织造网和弹性片材的层合材料,其经在其上的一个或多个区域内的粘合线处理,以提供受控的拉伸性能。粘合线的使用降低了粘合线区域内的材料的拉伸性。这种弹性部件能够在诸如尿布之类的一次性制品的多个区域内使用。
Y.Heki等人的美国专利No.6,200,299提出了一种具有耳部的一次性尿布,所述耳部能够将施加的张力围绕腰部和围绕腿部分布,以防止渗漏。所述弹性部件虽然分布了力,但沿其长度上会形成不平衡的张力。
Van Gompel等人的美国专利No.6,336,922提出了一种吸收制品,其包括位于腰区并且横向延伸越过该制品的底座侧边的贴合片。所述贴合片可包括中心桥片和一对横向相对的侧片,其中桥片和侧片在贴合片的整个宽度上提供了具有不同弹性性能的单个的弹性区域。
B.A.Sauer的美国专利No.6,264,639和美国专利No.5,938,652提出了一种具有腰部护翼、与尿布类似的吸收制品,其包括中心区和一对横向相对的侧部区,该侧部区从中心区横向向外延伸至该吸收制品的侧边。还提出,该腰部护翼可包括两种或更多种不同的材料,所述材料可以接合在一起,或换句话讲,可以被布置用于为腰部护翼的不同部分提供不同的特点或特性,例如不同的弹性性能。
授予Huber等人的美国专利No.6,132,411提出了一种吸收制品,例如尿布,其具有侧片,所述侧片具有低拉伸力腿部区域和高拉伸力腰部区域,用以提高该制品的总体贴合性,并且减少穿戴者皮肤上的红印记。
M.A.Bruemmer的美国专利No.5,685,873提出了一种一次性尿布,其包括一对可差异性地拉伸的耳件,所述耳件包括可拉伸的内耳部和可拉伸的外耳部,其中这些耳部具有不同的拉伸特性。经提出用以实现这一目的的一种方法是使耳部成形为具有逐渐变细的会聚侧边。以非逐渐变细耳部来实现这一目的的另一种方法是使用具有不同拉伸特性的两种不同的可拉伸材料。如上述美国专利No.6,456,073所提出的,还提出了使用单一材料,以及通过利用粘合线或粘合点来修改某一区域中的拉伸特性。
Kuepper等人的美国专利No.5,496,298提出了一种适用于在一次性尿布上使用的弹性体耳部。所述弹性体耳部由弹性体材料形成,弹性体材料限定近侧边缘、远侧边缘、第一连接边缘和第二连接边缘。第一连接边缘和第二连接边缘连接近侧边缘和远侧边缘。第二连接边缘与第一连接边缘不平行,并且近侧边缘比远侧边缘长。
Hasse等人的美国专利No.5,464,401提出了一种一体式一次性衣服,例如一次性训练短裤,其在横向上具有高的拉伸程度,并且适配更大范围内的穿着者尺寸。所述衣服从其制造的底座具有四个弹性化耳翼,通过将弹性体元件固定至耳翼并且机械地拉伸该耳翼和弹性体元件来使各耳翼弹性化,使得耳翼在最初拉伸的方向上是可弹性延展的。还提出,当在侧面方向上受到拉伸时,弹性化耳翼还可沿纵向轴线具有差别延展性。还提出,这种差别延展性能够以多种方式实现,包括可使耳翼具有多种组合的弹性体材料、多种弹性体材料构造,或者可使制备弹性化耳翼的一种或多种弹性体材料的延展特性不一致。
Buell等人的美国专利No.5,156,793提出了一种“零应变”拉伸层压材料网,在沿大致与网的拉伸方向垂直取向的轴的多个点处,以该网的拉伸方向测量时,该拉伸层压材料网显示出不一致的弹性度。
发明内容
成形的弹性拉袢由具有一个或多个附接的弹性元件的基层的弹性层合件形成,所述附接的弹性元件形成弹性区域。弹性区域的宽度从弹性拉袢的末端到弹性拉袢的近端各不相同,使得邻近末端的宽度比邻近近端的宽度窄20%至80%。弹性区域由多个区段限定,其在弹性拉袢的弹性区域的长度方向上具有不同的平均宽度。一个或多个弹性元件在一种或多种特性方面有差别,使得在给定成形的弹性拉袢层合件的伸长率的情况下,具有不同宽度的多个区段具有基本相同的伸长程度。
附图说明
结合附图进一步描述本发明,其中多个附图中相同的参考标号表示相同的部件,并且其中:
图1a为使用常规弹性层合材料的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的俯视图。
图1b为图1a的成形的弹性拉袢层合件受到拉伸时的俯视图。
图2a为图1a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域的侧视图。
图2b为图1a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域在受到如图1b所示的拉伸时的侧视图。
图3a为使用根据本发明的弹性层合材料的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的俯视图。
图3b为图3a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件在受到拉伸时的俯视图。
图4a为图3a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域的侧视图。
图4b为图3a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域在受到如图3b所示的拉伸时的侧视图。
图5a为使用根据本发明的弹性层合材料的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的第二实施例的俯视图。
图5b为图5a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域的侧视图。
图6a为使用根据本发明的弹性层合材料的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的第三实施例的俯视图。
图6b为图6a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域的侧视图。
图7a为使用根据本发明的弹性层合材料的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的第四实施例的俯视图。
图7b为图7a中的成形的弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1a至图2b示出了常规类型的成形的弹性拉袢或耳部层合件1。弹性拉袢层合件1具有被附接至制品8的近端6,其中近端6具有较宽的宽度3。弹性拉袢层合件1还具有末端5,其通常配置有扣件并且具有比近端6的宽度3窄的宽度2。如图所示,扣件4可直接被附接至弹性拉袢层合件1的末端5,或者在一些情况下,另外的紧固拉袢可被附接至该弹性拉袢层合件1的末端5。扣件4可以是任何常规扣件,例如粘合带,或者勾式或环式机械紧固件。
常规的成形的弹性拉袢层合件1可人工地分成相等的区段S,以用于举例说明沿弹性拉袢层合件1的弹性区域长度7的弹性性能。图2a示出了常规弹性拉袢1的弹性元件的横截面,其中显示该弹性元件具有相对恒定的厚度9。这种弹性元件按常规应该为弹性薄膜材料。如图1b所示,在受到拉伸时,这种常规类型的拉袢1将延长至长度7’。各个初始长度相等的区段S将延长至不同的程度。即,受拉伸的区段S′、S"、S″′、S""等的长度都将不同,区段S在伸长至最长时具有最窄的平均宽度。在图1a中,7为弹性区域的初始长度,而在图1b中,7’为弹性区域在受到拉伸或伸长时的长度。拉袢1中的弹性薄膜在处于拉伸或伸长状态7’时,将具有如图2b所示的横截面轮廓,其中厚度将会不同,这取决于具体增量区段的拉伸程度。
理想的是,如图1a所示的成形的弹性拉袢能使力分布于近端6的宽区域(使施加在末端5处的张力分布至较宽的近端6),但是大部分的弹性张力集中在末端5,这会产生形成红印记的可能,同时无效地利用了大多数弹性材料来形成弹性拉袢层合件的弹性元件。
一般来讲,本发明的弹性拉袢层合件包括具有一个或多个附接的弹性元件的一个或多个基层的弹性层合材料。基层通常为非弹性但可延展的材料,例如纤维网或膜。基层通常为(诸如)纺粘网、熔喷纤维网、梳理网、水刺网等之类的非织造纤维网,在人应用一次性吸收制品通常所使用的力的作用下,该非制造纤维网为可延展的。基层通常为在分开的弹性元件之间没有剪切区的连续基层。
弹性元件在拉袢层合件上形成至少一个弹性部分或弹性区域,其中弹性拉袢层合件的弹性区域的宽度,并且优选形成弹性区域的弹性元件的一个或多个的宽度,在该弹性区域内是有差别的。弹性元件优选为膜或膜类弹性材料。
弹性区域可通过沿拉袢层合件的轴向中心线的多个任意弹性区段S限定,其中,在这些区段中,弹性元件的宽度和/或厚度和/或激活水平与弹性层合材料的宽度成反向变化,使得在给定弹性拉袢的总伸长率的情况下,多个弹性区段S具有基本相同的伸长程度。这些弹性区段S的宽度将是有差别的。通常,这些弹性区段S伸长至彼此的加或减百分之三十以内,优选1%至20%。在具体的构造中,在给定弹性拉袢的伸长率的情况下,三个或更多个、四个或更多个、五个或更多个,或者甚至所有可能的弹性区段S伸长至彼此的1%至20%,或彼此的1%至10%。为了详细说明起见,各个弹性区段为弹性区域的10%或更多,优选为弹性区域的10%至30%,并且至少为2mm宽。有时,弹性区段可由小的非弹性区段或具有较小弹性的区段间隔开,在这种情况下,在给定弹性拉袢的伸长率的情况下,具有基本相同的伸长程度的弹性区段可间隔开1至10mm,或1至5mm。
实现弹性区段的上述恒定弹性性能的一种方法是使弹性元件的一个或多个在厚度方面有差别,以便在给定弹性拉袢的伸长率的情况下,提供具有基本相同的伸长程度的弹性区段(如上文所说明)。例如,假定提供一个弹性元件,其中弹性拉袢层合件和附接的弹性元件的宽度在给定弹性区段或整个弹性区域内的一个点(a)为x,而在第二点(b)为1.5x。鉴于弹性拉袢层合件宽度的这种变化,所提供的弹性元件通常在第一点(a)具有厚度1.5y,而在第二点(b)具有厚度y,在(a)点与(b)点之间的点应用相同的比率。这在这两点(如果上述关系得到保持,则包括两点之间的点)提供给层合材料较为相同的弹性材料横截面值,这继而可提供相对恒定的伸长程度,尽管弹性拉袢层合件和/或附接的弹性元件的宽度有差别。这假定弹性层合材料基层在弹性拉袢层合件的所有相关弹性区段中的可延展性大致相等。
图3a为本发明的弹性拉袢层合件10。弹性元件11同样可为薄膜弹性部件或者也可以为非织造弹性部件或其他类型的薄膜类弹性部件。弹性拉袢层合件具有被附接至制品8的近端16,其中该拉袢的弹性部分17的近端16(在这种情况下,整个拉袢不包括具有扣件4的部分)具有宽度13。拉袢10还具有末端15,如图所示,其配有直接被附接至拉袢10的末端15的常规扣件4。附接扣件的拉袢10的该部分应该优选为非弹性的,这是由于拉袢材料在该区域内是非弹性的,或者是由于附接了扣件,或者是由于这两者的原因。弹性部分或弹性区域在其处终止处的拉袢末端15具有宽度12,该宽度通常比弹性部分或弹性区域的近端宽度13窄至少20%至80%,或30%至60%。然后,可将弹性区域再分成多个弹性区段S,区段沿弹性区域的长度的平均宽度有差别。各个区段S将具有被定义为该区段平均宽度值的平均宽度。
在图3a-图4b的具体实施例中,弹性拉袢层合件10被显示为单个弹性元件或弹性材料11的层合材料,其被层合至连续的基底18。弹性元件11为膜或膜类材料,其中材料厚度19、14与弹性拉袢的弹性区域的宽度成反向变化。这在图4a中被示出,其中近端16的厚度19小于末端15的厚度14。通常,弹性材料11的厚度乘以其宽度,就任何指定的横截面或预定区段而言,或者为相对恒定的横截面面积,或者为体积。结果是,当弹性拉袢10在弹性区域内从长度17伸长10′至长度17′时,所伸长的区段S’、S"、S"’、S″′’均为相对同样的长度,而弹性材料的厚度19’和14’将趋于变得更为一致,如图4b中所示。
如图5a和图5b所示,在本发明的第二个实施例中,提供了多个弹性元件21、21′和21",其厚度也是有差别的,如同图3a-图4b中的实施例。三个弹性元件21、21′、21"限定了弹性区域,该弹性区域在拉袢的近端26具有宽度23,而在拉袢的末端25具有宽度22。在其他方面,该实施例与图3a至图4b中的相似。在这种情况下,可以如美国专利No2003/0087059中所述应用该弹性部件,该专利的内容以引用方式全文并入本文。在这个方法中,让热塑性弹性材料从(诸如)辊之类的表面沉淀至基底18上,该表面具有沉淀(例如,通过挤出)在其凹陷中的热塑性弹性材料,这些凹陷限定了所形成的弹性元件的形状。凹陷中的热塑性弹性材料通常通过使弹性材料热粘结至基底而转移至基底18,然而,其也可至少部分地用粘结方法转移。也可以通过粘接剂或常规的层合技术应用该弹性元件。
弹性层合材料在基材的延展性程度方面也可以有差别,以控制层合材料的弹性性能。这通常通过这样完成:将处于未延伸形式的弹性元件附连至基部,然后使层合材料经受不同程度的激活,以帮助提供具有上述恒定拉伸特性的弹性区段。可以通过使用可变增量拉伸装置进行激活。该装置应该是这样一种装置,其激活相互或多或少独立的层合材料的非常小的增量区域。这种技术也称为环轧制。形成齿轮的齿可具有不同的尺寸和形状。通常,较深相互齿合的齿轮将导致较高的激活水平,所以受到较高激活的部分将比受较低激活的部分更容易延伸,这可以完全或部分地使用,以在(如上所述)指定弹性拉袢伸长率的情况下提供具有基本相同的伸长程度的多个弹性区段。
实现上述恒定弹性性能(在给定弹性拉袢的伸长率的情况下弹性区段具有基本相同的伸长程度)的另一种方法是利用形状不同的弹性元件。这可按图6a和图6b的实施例所示来完成。带有具有相对恒定的伸长特性的弹性区段的弹性区域37是位于两条虚线28和29之间的部分。该弹性区域37将在靠近拉袢的末端35具有宽度32,而在靠近拉袢的近端具有宽度33。弹性剪切区34是不具有弹性表层或标称弹性表层的弹性区域37的一部分,但该弹性剪切区34具有下面的基部18。弹性材料31在其从末端35到近端36时变宽,但剪切区34保持了弹性区域37的横截面中相对恒定量的弹性材料,其中剪切区的宽度与弹性区域的宽度一致。在该实施例中,弹性部件11的厚度是恒定的。
图7a示出了弹性区域47的另一个实施例,其中使用厚度来改变弹性元件41、41′和41"的伸长特性,其中弹性区域47的宽度从末端45的宽度42向近端46的宽度43改变,以向弹性区域47提供相对恒定的伸长。弹性元件41、41′和41"的宽度与拉袢的宽度成反向变化,这需要弹性元件的厚度49和44以相反的方式变化。
通常,不管是由一个弹性元件还是由多个弹性元件形成的弹性区域,其长度均为15mm至400mm,或20mm至200mm,并且末端到近端之间(或之间的一些部分)的宽度,从其最小宽度到最大宽度,变化至少20%或30%。在大多数构造中,如果弹性区域从外部部分(末端)向内部部分(近端)持续逐渐变细是最好的。这可生成贴合穿着者的侧面轮廓形状(contoured side shape),这种逐渐变细可以是直线的,但也可以是(诸如)抛物线之类的其他形状。为了提供弹性拉袢与制品的附连或标准扣件(例如钩式或环式机械紧固件或压敏粘结剂)与拉袢层合件的附连,弹性区域可被接合至至少一个非弹性区域。非弹性区域可以是同一层合材料的一部分,但是,是由非弹性基底、失活的弹性部件(deactivation of the elastic)、增强带等生成。
本发明的弹性拉袢层合件通常用作(诸如)尿布或成人失禁用品之类的一次性吸收制品的侧封闭元件或耳部。成形的弹性区域使力从外末端分布至与尿布等附接的近端,然而,弹性部件均匀延长,避免了弹性区域中的低张力区段和高张力区段。

Claims (25)

1.一种成形的弹性拉袢,包括具有一个或多个附接的弹性元件的连续基层的弹性层合件,所述附接的弹性元件形成弹性区域,其中所述弹性区域的宽度从所述弹性拉袢的末端向所述弹性拉袢的近端变化,使得末端宽度比近端宽度窄20%至80%,所述弹性区域由多个弹性区段限定,在所述弹性拉袢的弹性区域的长度方向上具有不同的平均宽度,所述一个或多个弹性元件在一种或多种特性方面有差别,使得在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下,具有不同宽度的多个所述弹性区段具有基本相同的伸长程度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域的末端宽度比所述弹性区域的近端宽度窄30%至60%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区段的每一个为所述弹性区域的至少10%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区段的每一个为所述弹性区域的10%至30%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区段的每一个的宽度为至少2mm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区段伸长至彼此的±30%以内。
7.根据权利要求3所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区段伸长至彼此的±1%至±20%以内。
8.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性元件的一个或多个在它们的横截面尺寸方面有差别,以提供在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下具有基本相同的伸长程度的所述多个弹性区段。
9.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性元件的一个或多个在它们的厚度方面有差别,以提供在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下具有基本相同的伸长程度的所述多个弹性区段。
10.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性元件的一个或多个在它们的激活程度方面有差别,以提供在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下具有基本相同的伸长程度的所述多个弹性区段。
11.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下,两个或更多个弹性区段具有基本相同的伸长程度。
12.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下,五个或更多个弹性区段具有基本相同的伸长程度。
13.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域的长度为15mm至400mm。
14.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域的长度为20mm至200mm。
15.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域从其最小宽度到最大宽度变化至少20%。
16.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域从其最小宽度到最大宽度变化至少30%。
17.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述基层在任何分开的弹性元件之间连续地延伸。
18.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域从外部部分向内部部分连续渐缩。
19.根据权利要求5所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述弹性区域被接合至至少一个非弹性区域。
20.根据权利要求16所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述非弹性区域具有紧固元件。
21.根据权利要求17所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述非弹性区域的紧固元件为机械紧固件。
22.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中存在至少一个在所述弹性拉袢的给定伸长率的情况下与其他弹性区段的伸长率不同的弹性区段。
23.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述基层为纤维网。
24.根据权利要求1所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述基层为非织造纤维网。
25.根据权利要求25所述的弹性拉袢,其中所述一个或多个弹性元件被层合于两个非织造纤维基层之间。
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WO2008021701A1 (en) 2008-02-21
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