CN101497794A - Composite soil conditioner and preparation thereof - Google Patents
Composite soil conditioner and preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101497794A CN101497794A CNA2009100794039A CN200910079403A CN101497794A CN 101497794 A CN101497794 A CN 101497794A CN A2009100794039 A CNA2009100794039 A CN A2009100794039A CN 200910079403 A CN200910079403 A CN 200910079403A CN 101497794 A CN101497794 A CN 101497794A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil conditioner and an applying method, in particular to a compound soil conditioner used for improving sand and a preparation method thereof. Particularly, the compound soil conditioner comprises polyacrylamide and straw hydrolysate, wherein the Ph value of the straw hydrolysate is adjusted to 6-7 after straw is hydrolyzed by potassium hydroxide or phosphoric acid. Meanwhile, VA mycorhiza is added in the soil conditioner. The environmental-friendly compound soil conditioner can effectively improve the physical-chemical structure of the sand, increases the soil particle structure content in the sand, can improve the soil fertility, and ensures the crop nutrient requirements.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil conditioner and application process thereof, particularly a kind of composite soil conditioner of improveing sand and preparation method thereof that is used to.
Background technology
In China's cultivated soil, sand has accounted for very big area because sand self soil physical chemistry structural reason, make the sand water conservation, nutrient preserving capability can be very poor, most sand ground all belongs to the low yield soil.Improving the soil physical chemistry structure of sand, improve the fertility of sand, is the effective ways that promote the production level on sand ground.At present to the cultivating of sand ground, the one, increasing is to the rate of fertilizer in soil, to satisfy the crop needs; The 2nd, adopt traditional method of returning crop stocks to the field to increase soil with organic matter content, to improve the soil physical chemistry structure, to increase soil fertility.But this method effect is also not obvious, discharges a large amount of fertilizer in sandy soil, can strengthen the seepage of fertilizer, has not only increased production cost, also environment is caused severe contamination; In addition, because sand physics and chemistry structure is very poor, the soil water, controlled atmosphere joint is undesirable, so the microbial activities ability is low in the soil, after straw is manured into soil in time decomposition be the soil organism.Also there is data to show and uses polyacrylamide copolymerization new functional macromolecule material such as (hereinafter to be referred as PAM) to improve Soil structure, but use PAM can not improve fertility such as soil nutrient merely and carry mark, in addition, only rely on macromolecular material to improve not only cost height of Soil structure, and can not thoroughly solve the problem of sand improvement.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency in the above-mentioned existing sand modification method, the invention provides a kind of physics and chemistry structure that can effectively improve sand, increase soil aggregate content in the sand, can increase soil fertility again, guarantee the composite soil conditioner of the environmental protection of crop nutrition content demand.
The present invention also provides the preparation method and the application process of this composite soil conditioner simultaneously.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of composite soil conditioner is provided, comprises polyacrylamide, also comprise the crop straw hydrolyzate.
Described crop straw hydrolyzate be crop straw behind potassium hydroxide or phosphoric acid hydrolysis, again PH is adjusted to the crop straw hydrolyzate of 6-7.
Also comprise the VA mycorhiza in the described composite soil conditioner.
Also comprise crop straw in the described composite soil conditioner: corn stalk, wheat straw, paddy stalk, beans straw or cereal straw etc.
The preparation method of described composite soil conditioner may further comprise the steps:
The first step prepares straw half hydrolyzate, adds 520ml 40% concentration hydrogen potassium oxide in the 300g straw, at the uniform velocity is heated to 180 ℃, and isothermal reaction stops heating after 120 minutes, and the cooling back transfers to pH6.5 with 85% phosphoric acid; Or to add the 280ml mass percent concentration to the 250g straw be 85% phosphoric acid, at the uniform velocity is heated to 180 ℃, and isothermal reaction stops heating after 120 minutes, wait the cooling back to transfer to pH6.5 with 40% concentration KOH, dries and obtains straw half hydrolyzate;
Second step with the mixed of 0.35-0.6:1, was made composite soil conditioner with resulting straw half hydrolyzate of the first step and polyacrylamide.
Also resulting straw half hydrolyzate of the first step and VA mycorhiza, the polyacrylamide mixed with 0.35-0.6:10:1 can be made composite soil conditioner.
Compare with sand modifying agent of the prior art or modification method, the present invention adopts the beneficial effect of technique scheme to be:
1, the crumb structure of soil has soaked water stability characteristics of not loosing, the soil that crumb structure is arranged is well-formed's soil, it can coordinate the relation between moisture in the soil, temperature, air and the nutritive substance, coordinate to protect fertilizer and supply fertile contradiction, it is movable and absorb water and nutrient to help root system, for growth and development of plant provides good condition, the soil of non-structure or dysplasia, the soil body mainly is big space, poor water retention property, it is Lou fertile to leak, and the active receiving of microorganism and animal suppresses in the soil, soil fertility is poor, is unfavorable for seed germination and plant root growth.The moisture of the soil texture and structure and soil, air and temperature regime have confidential relation.The present invention can effectively improve the soil physical chemistry structure of sand, especially improves the content of soil aggregate in the sand.This is because the first, and PAM of the present invention itself just can be used as the soil improvement agent physics and chemistry structure of improving the soil, and increases the crumb structure in the soil; The second, straw hydrolyzate of the present invention can effectively increase the content of soil machine matter, also has the effect of the Soil structure of improvement.
2, the present invention can effectively improve the soil fertility on sand ground, promotes Land capability.This be because, as mentioned above, Soil structure improves, the preserve moisture and fertility ability of soil strengthens, the regulating power of the soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat strengthens, fertility is improved naturally; Secondly, itself just contains a large amount of available nutrient the straw hydrolyzate, and this nutrient is not that particle state with simple chemical fertilizer exists, and is difficult for running off, strengthened soil nutrient preserving capability can and the fertilizer utilization ratio utilization; Once more, the use of VA mycorhiza and straw has strengthened content of microorganisms and mobility thereof in the soil, helps the formation and the increase of the soil organism, not only can effectively improve Soil structure, and improve soil fertility.
3, the present invention has improved the preserve moisture and fertility performance of sand, has prevented the seepage and the loss of fertilizer, has not only improved the utilization ratio of nutrients such as fertilizer, also helps the protection of environment.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.Below each embodiment be only used for the explanation rather than the restriction the present invention.
The preparation of composite soil conditioner of the present invention, the PAM in this soil conditioner is the known matured product that can buy on market; The VA mycorhiza also is present widely used soil mycorhiza, can obtain easily by prior art; Crop straw can be the various any field crop straws that obtain easily, field crop straws such as preferred corn stalk, wheat straw, beans straw, paddy stalk; The hydrolyzate of crop straw is a key point of the present invention, also is the component of most critical of the present invention, and the crop straw hydrolyzate can be prepared from the following method:
The straw hydrolyzate in the present invention can be with being that two kinds of methods are prepared from, and a kind of is the alkaline hydrolysis method preparation of using potassium hydroxide (hereinafter to be referred as KOH) hydrolysis crop straw; A kind of is the acid hydrolyzation preparation of using the phosphoric acid hydrolysis crop straw.
One, with mass percent concentration is about 40% KOH solution hydrolysis crop straw, obtains crop straw alkaline hydrolysate (hereinafter to be referred as SK).
The first step, the preparation of material and proportioning
Prepare the corn stalk about 300g, and fully pulverize, the concentration about 520ml is 40%KOH, a spot of water and an amount of phosphoric acid;
Second step, preparation process
With the concentration about 520ml is that 40%KOH is sprayed on the corn stalk of fully having pulverized about 300g equably, stir, slowly at the uniform velocity the heating while does not stop to stir then, make temperature rise to 180 ℃, isothermal reaction 120min, make the straw hydrolysis become syrupy shape fully, stop heating, wait the cooling back to transfer to about pH6.5 with 85% phosphoric acid.
Particularly, the preferred preparation process can be according to following pattern operation, and corn stalk 300g+450ml KOH sprays a spot of water and stirs, present pale brown look, natural reaction presented burgundy after 10 minutes, was heated to 40 ℃ then, constantly stir 10 minutes after, be warming up to 60 ℃, this moment, color did not have considerable change, reacted 20 minutes follow-up continuing to be warming up to 100 ℃, and this moment, amount of solid tailed off, begin to be fuming, intensification degree to 140 ℃ after 20 minutes, pasty state increases, and begins to produce some liquid after 10 minutes, color is a chocolate, continue reaction 30 minutes, sense organ does not have considerable change, adds 10mlKOH again, amount of liquid increases, after 10 minutes, no considerable change adds 10ml KOH and stirs, amount of liquid continues to increase, and adds 10ml KOH again and stirs.Make the straw complete hydrolysis become syrupy shape at last.To be cooledly reconcile acidity with phosphoric acid again to room temperature, to PH6.5, oven dry is preserved.
This straw hydrolyzate is a mashed prod, and its air-dry thing nutrient content is full P:8.29%, full K:18%.
Two, with mass percent concentration be about 85% phosphoric acid solution hydrolysis crop straw, obtain crop straw acidic hydrolysis thing (hereinafter to be referred as SP).
The first step, the preparation of material and proportioning
Prepare the corn stalk about 250g, and fully pulverize, the concentration about 280ml is 85% phosphoric acid, the KOH of a spot of water and an amount of 40% concentration;
Second step, preparation process
With the concentration about 280ml is that 85% phosphoric acid is sprayed on the corn stalk of fully having pulverized about 250g equably, stir, slowly at the uniform velocity the heating while does not stop to stir then, make temperature rise to 180 ℃, isothermal reaction 120min, make the straw hydrolysis become syrupy shape fully, stop heating, wait the cooling back to transfer to about pH6.5 with the KOH of 40% concentration.
Particularly, the preferred preparation process can be according to following pattern operation, straw 250g+250ml phosphoric acid also sprays a small amount of distilled water and stirs, and presents brownish black, and natural reaction presents dark brown after 10 minutes, reheat to 140 ℃, constantly stir after 20 minutes, black increases, have a large amount of white cigarettes to generate, color becomes ink black, continue to be warming up to 180 ℃, 90% be pasty state almost after 30 minutes, spray a spot of water again, keep little boiling 30 minutes after, liquid occurs in a large number, add 10ml phosphoric acid and stirring again, amount of liquid increases, after 10 minutes, no considerable change, add 10ml phosphoric acid and stirring again, amount of liquid is after about 90%, 20 minute, no considerable change continues to add 10ml phosphoric acid and is stirred to the straw hydrolysis and becomes syrupy shape fully.KOH with 40% reconciles acidity, and to PH6.5, oven dry is preserved.
This straw hydrolysis also is a pasty state, and its air-dry thing nutrient content is full P:14.3%, full K:16%.
The using method of PAM, the one, with PAM directly and the above-mentioned straw hydrolyzate of preparation according to certain mixed, ratio is generally PAM:SP=1:0.2-0.5; PAM:SK=1:0.3-0.7; The usage ratio of VA mycorhiza is PAM:SP:VA mycorhiza=1:0.2-0.5:7-25; PAM:SK:VA mycorhiza=1:0.3-0.7:7-25.
The 2nd, PAM is dissolved in the water, making the aqueous solution uses, in the preparation, be preferably in and use preparation the day before yesterday, will constantly stir in the preparation makes PAM be dissolved in the water uniformly, the effect of carrying the day before yesterday is can allow not have dissolved PAM fully to be dissolved in the water, and the concentration of the PAM aqueous solution is advisable with mass percent concentration 0.5%.Institute's water is a cleaning water, selects tap water for use, and water temperature is the suitableeest to be about 45 ℃.
PAM is a high molecular polymer, and preferably selecting molecular weight among the present invention for use is 1,000,000 grades PAM, selects 3000000 result of use better.
Below for the embodiment of composite soil conditioner of the present invention:
Embodiment one: PAM+SK.
Embodiment two: PAM+SP.
Embodiment three: the PAM+SK+VA mycorhiza.
Embodiment four: the PAM+SP+VA mycorhiza.
Embodiment five: PAM+SK+VA mycorhiza+corn stalk.
Embodiment six: PAM+SP+VA mycorhiza+corn stalk.
Be the pot experiment and the test-results of the soil composite conditioner of above-mentioned six examples below:
1, test objective: with mineral manure, organic fertilizer and other organic substances is contrast, and relatively the composite soil conditioner of this invention improves Soil structure, improves soil nutrient, keeps the effect of aspects such as soil nutrient.
2, test materials:
Test soil picks up from low fertility sand plot, the Han Jia village, four irises and orchids town, Ningjin County, Hebei province, and soil sample is air-dry before the test, crosses the 2mm sieve, rejects foreign material such as root system of plant and handstone.
Corn variety: dredge single No. 20.
For examination material: PAM, SP, SK, VA mycorhiza, maize straw, urea, monocalcium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar.
3, test design: as shown in table 1, a fertilizer level is established in this test, and 10 processing are respectively CK, PAM, chemical fertilizer, SP+PAM, SK+PAM, corn, SK+VA+PAM, SP+VA+PAM, SK+ corn+VA+PAM, SP+ corn+VA+PAM, three repetitions.With two kinds of fertilizer of SP, SK respectively with the combination of the mineral manure proportioning of other structures of improving the soil.The heavy 1500g of every basin sandy soil, average every basin contains the full N:0.15g/kg of fertilizer amount, full P:0.05g/kg, full K:0.1g/kg, 3 corns of every potted plant kind, 50 days post-sampling (soil, plant) mensuration.
Each Treatment Design of table 1 pot experiment
| Handle label | Handle |
| 1 | CK+300ml distilled water |
| 2 | 300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
| 3 | Single (urea 0.5g, phosphate fertilizer 0.3g, potash fertilizer 0.33g)+300ml distilled water to fertilize |
| 4 | Maize straw 24g+ chemical fertilizer (urea 0.5g, phosphate fertilizer 0.3g, potash fertilizer 0.33g)+300ml distilled water |
| 5 | SK0.9g (mending urea 0.5g)+300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
| 6 | SP0.525g (mending urea 0.5g, potash fertilizer 0.15g)+300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
| 7 | SK0.9g (mending urea 0.5g)+15gVA+300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
| 8 | SP0.525g (mending urea 0.5g, potash fertilizer 0.15g)+15g VA+300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
| 9 | SK0.9g (mending urea 0.5g)+maize straw (24g)+15g VA+300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
| 10 | SP0.525g (mending urea 0.5g, potash fertilizer 0.15g)+maize straw 24g+15g VA+300ml distilled water+PAM1.5g |
4, mensuration project and analytical procedure: water-stable granular structure, content of microorganisms in the soil, the soil weight, porosity, (with reference to the soil agrochemistry analytical procedure: water-stable granular structure adopts wet screening to nutrient content in soil and the plant, content of microorganisms adopts colony counting method in the soil, soil weight core cutter method, quick-acting nitrogen alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process, rapid available phosphorus 0.5ml/L sodium bicarbonate lixiviate molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, available potassium 1mol/L ammonium acetate lixiviate-flame spectrophotometer measuring, full nitrogen Kelvin method, full phosphorus adopts sodium hydroxide fusion-anti-mix reagent colorimetry of molybdenum antimony, full potassium adopts sodium hydroxide fusion flame photometry, organic mensuration with potassium bichromate titrimetric method (outer heating method)).
5, test-results
5.1 to the soil structure improved addictive situation
5.1.1 PAM improves the effect of soil water stability structure
PAM is a polymer substance, and toughness and water-absorbent, its water-retentivity are confirmed by many tests that with the effect of improving Soil structure this paper tests the effect that keeps soil nutrient when PAM improves Soil structure, water conservation.
By table 2 can shown in test-results as seen, it is all apparent in view in the effect of the configuration aspects of improving the soil that all add the processing of PAM, in several processing the water-stable aggregate effect is apparent that SP+ stalk+VA+PAM and SK+ stalk+VA+PAM handles most, input helped improving the content of the water-stable aggregate of soil when VA mycorhiza and organic materials be describeds.The water-stable granular structure that SP+ stalk+VA+PAM is handled has improved 25.6% than SP+PAM, has improved 32.5% than SP+VA+PAM, than the raising of singly using PAM 84.1%, improved 17.6 times than singly using chemical fertilizer; The water-stable granular structure that SK+ stalk+VA+PAM handles has improved 9.1% than SK+PAM, has improved 12.4% than SK+VA+PAM, has improved 58.7% than singly using PAM, improves 15 times than singly using chemical fertilizer.Its effect is in proper order: SP+ stalk+VA+PAM is handled〉SK+ stalk+VA+PAM handles〉SP+PAM〉SK+PAM〉SK+VA+PAM〉SP+VA+PAM〉single PAM〉stalk〉singly use chemical fertilizer〉CK.SP+ stalk+VA+PAM processing and other have reached the significant difference level between handling, difference is not remarkable between SK+ stalk+VA+PAM processing, SP+PAM, SK+PAM, SK+VA+PAM, the SP+VA+PAM, singly uses PAM processing and stalk, singly uses significant difference between chemical fertilizer, the CK.Do not have several processing stalks that PAM adds, singly to use between chemical fertilizer, the CK difference not remarkable.The content that this shows the water-stable aggregate that the processing of adding PAM is overall will be higher than and not add PAM and handle a lot, illustrate that PAM is improving aspect the water-stable aggregate effect very obvious.
The water-stable aggregate of each processing of table 2
| Ranking | Handle | Water stability is always rolled into a ball % (〉 0.25mm) | Diversity factor |
| 1 | SP+ stalk+VA+PAM | 58.0 | A |
| 2 | SK+ stalk+VA+PAM | 50.0 | B |
| 3 | SP+PAM | 46.2 | B |
| 4 | SK+PAM | 45.8 | B |
| 5 | SK+VA+PAM | 44.5 | B |
| 6 | SP+VA+PAM | 43.8 | B |
| 7 | Single PAM | 31.5 | C |
| 8 | Stalk | 4.1 | D |
| 9 | Single chemical fertilizer | 3.1 | D |
| 10 | CK | 2.4 | D |
5.1.2 improve the situation of the soil weight, porosity
Table 3 test-results shows, SP+ stalk+VA+PAM handles and improving the soil unit weight and to improve aspect the soil porosity effect the most obvious, illustrate that the adding of mycorhiza and organic adding help improving the soil porosity and the reduction soil weight.SP+ stalk+VA+PAM wherein〉SK+VA+PAM〉SP+VA+PAM〉SP+PAM〉SK+ stalk+VA+PAM〉SK+PAM〉single PAM〉stalk〉single chemical fertilizer〉CK.SP+ stalk+VA+PAM and other have reached significant level of difference between handling, reduced by 8.8% than SP+VA+PAM unit weight, porosity has improved 6.2%, reduced by 8.8% than SP+PAM unit weight, porosity has improved 6.3%, has reduced by 13.3% than singly using PAM unit weight, and porosity has improved 10.9%, than singly using chemical fertilizer unit weight has reduced by 22.6%, porosity has improved 22.6%.Difference is not remarkable between SK+VA+PAM, SP+VA+PAM, SK+ stalk+VA+PAM and the SP+PAM, SK+ stalk+VA+PAM and SK+PAM and singly to use between the PAM difference not remarkable, but other are handled all and single handle to fertilize and CK has reached significant level of difference between handling.
Table 3: the soil weight
| Ranking | Handle | Unit weight g/cm3 | Diversity factor | Porosity % | Diversity factor |
| 1 | SP+ stalk+VA+PAM | 1.03 | f | 61.1 | a |
| 2 | SK+VA+PAM | 1.12 | e | 57.7 | a |
| 3 | SP+VA+PAM | 1.13 | de | 57.5 | b |
| 4 | SP+PAM | 1.13 | de | 57.5 | bc |
| 5 | SK+ stalk+VA+PAM | 1.14 | cde | 56.9 | bcd |
| 6 | SK+PAM | 1.18 | bcd | 55.3 | cde |
| 7 | Single PAM | 1.19 | bc | 55.1 | de |
| 8 | Stalk | 1.23 | b | 53.6 | de |
| 9 | Single chemical fertilizer | 1.33 | a | 49.8 | e |
| 10 | CK | 1.35 | a | 48.9 | f |
5.2 improve soil microorganisms
Table 4 test-results shows, the microorganism total amount of improving the soil is apparent that SK+ stalk+VA+PAM and two processing of SP+ stalk+VA+PAM most, SK+ stalk+VA+PAM handles than SK+VA+PAM and handles total bacterial content raising 138%, handling total bacterial content than stalk improves 943%, improves 1011% than the total bacterial content of SK+PAM, handle total bacterial content raising 1930% than singly using chemical fertilizer, handle total bacterial content raising 2276% than singly using PAM, handle total bacterial content than CK and improve 4800%.SP+ stalk+VA+PAM handles than SP+VA+PAM and handles total bacterial content raising 107%, handling total bacterial content than stalk improves 787%, improves 1292% than the total bacterial content of SP+PAM, handle total bacterial content raising 1626% than singly using chemical fertilizer, handle total bacterial content raising 1920% than singly using PAM, handle total bacterial content than CK and improve 4063%.Illustrate that adding organic materials and useful mycorhiza provide the material of nutritive substance and promotion microorganism growth for microorganism, see that from experimental result adding these two kinds of materials simultaneously can improve the microorganism living environment, promote microorganism growth to improve microorganism active, increase the content of microorganism.Find out that from experimental result SK+VA+PAM and two processing of SP+VA+PAM and stalk handle, SK+PAM, SP+PAM, singly using chemical fertilizer handles and to use singly that PAM handles and the CK processing is compared total bacteria containing amount and reached significant level of difference, SK+VA+PAM handles than stalk and handles microorganism total amount raising 339%, handle the microorganism total amount than SK+PAM and improve 368%, handle microorganism total amount raising 754% than singly using chemical fertilizer, handle microorganism total amount raising 900% than singly using PAM, handle the microorganism total amount than CK and improve 1961%, SP+VA+PAM handles than stalk and handles microorganism total amount raising 329%, handle the microorganism total amount than SP+PAM and improve 572%, handle microorganism total amount raising 734% than singly using chemical fertilizer, handle microorganism total amount raising 876% than singly using PAM, handle the microorganism total amount than CK and improve 1912%.Stalk processing, SK+PAM, SP+PAM, singly use chemical fertilizer and handle, singly use that PAM handles and CK does not have difference between handling, show that the useful mycorhiza of single adding also is helpful to microbic activity, illustrate that the VA mycorhiza is a kind of effective mycorhiza that improves content of microorganisms that is of value to.
Table 4: microorganism total amount in the soil
| Ranking | Handle | Total bacterium cfu/g | Diversity factor |
| 1 | SK+ stalk+VA+PAM | 1.20E+07 | A |
| 2 | SP+ stalk+VA+PAM | 1.02E+07 | B |
| 3 | SK+VA+PAM | 5.05E+06 | C |
| 4 | SP+VA+PAM | 4.93E+06 | C |
| 5 | Stalk | 1.15E+06 | D |
| 6 | SK+PAM | 1.08E+06 | D |
| 7 | SP+PAM | 7.33E+05 | D |
| 8 | Single chemical fertilizer | 5.91E+05 | D |
| 9 | Single PAM | 5.05E+05 | D |
| 10 | CK | 2.45E+05 | D |
5.3 influence to nutrient in the soil
Table 5: nutrient content in the soil
| Handle | Full N g/kg | Full P g/kg | Full Kg/kg | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen mg/kg | Rapid available phosphorus mg/kg | Available potassium mg/kg | Organic g/kg |
| CK | 0.365 | 0.503 | 10.9 | 38.5 | 12.6 | 39.4 | 5.69 |
| Single PAM | 0.379 | 0.528 | 11.2 | 46.5 | 12.8 | 44.4 | 5.60 |
| Single chemical fertilizer | 0.410 | 0.561 | 12.9 | 72.9 | 22.8 | 62.7 | 8.41 |
| Stalk | 0.524 | 0.631 | 13.4 | 63.4 | 30.3 | 76.1 | 10.5 |
| SK+PAM | 0.415 | 0.603 | 15.4 | 73.4 | 26.4 | 56.0 | 8.41 |
| SP+PAM | 0.408 | 0.624 | 15.4 | 71.3 | 27.4 | 56.0 | 8.32 |
| SK+VA+PAM | 0.440 | 0.613 | 12.9 | 87.1 | 26.5 | 64.4 | 8.41 |
| SP+VA+PAM | 0.426 | 0.629 | 12.4 | 80.8 | 27.1 | 76.1 | 8.69 |
| SK+ stalk+VA+PAM | 0.562 | 0.546 | 11.4 | 83.4 | 27.6 | 156 | 11.5 |
| SP+ stalk+VA+PAM | 0.549 | 0.565 | 11.1 | 85.5 | 28.1 | 148 | 10.6 |
Shown in the table 5, from the full dose nutrient, total nitrogen content in the soil: SK+ stalk+VA+PAM〉SP+ stalk+VA+PAM stalk SK+VA+PAM SP+VA+PAM SK+PAM single to fertilize SP+PAM singly execute PAM CK, SK+ stalk+VA+PAM improves respectively than stalk, SK+VA+PAM, SK+PAM, single PAM, CK processing total nitrogen content of to fertilize, singly executing: 7.3%, 27.7%, 35.4%, 37.1%, 48.3%, 54%.SP+ stalk+VA+PAM improves respectively than stalk, SP+VA+PAM, SP+PAM, single PAM, CK processing total nitrogen content of to fertilize, singly executing: 4.8%, 28.9%, 34.6%, 34%, 45%, 50.4%.Illustrate that the adding that stalk and probiotics are followed helps the accumulation of nitrogen entirely in the soil.
From the readily available nutrient of soil as can be seen, quick-acting nitrogen contents: SK+VA+PAM in the soil〉SP+ stalk+VA+PAM〉SK+ stalk+VA+PAM〉SP+VA+PAM〉SK+PAM〉single chemical fertilizer〉SP+PAM〉stalk〉single PAM〉CK, the content that has the adding of VA mycorhiza and organic materials to increase the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen as can be seen helps the accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil.
Soil there is organic matter accumulation, SK+ stalk+VA+PAM〉SP+ stalk+VA+PAM〉stalk〉SP+VA+PAM〉single chemical fertilizer〉SK+PAM〉SK+VA+PAM〉SP+PAM〉single PAM, show that adding stalk and VA mycorhiza help the accumulation of the soil organism, SK+ stalk+VA+PAM exceeds respectively than SK+VA+PAM processing, SK+PAM processing, stalk processing, single processing to fertilize, single PAM processing, CK processing: 36.7%, 36.7%, 9.5%, 36.7%, 105.4%, 102.1%.SP+ stalk+VA+PAM exceeds respectively than SP+VA+PAM processing, SP+PAM processing, stalk processing, single processing to fertilize, single PAM processing, CK processing: 22.%, 27.4%, 0.9%, 26%, 89.3%, 86.3%.
5.4 plant strain growth situation
5.4.1 plant absorbs amount of nutrients and utilization ratio
Table 6 plant absorbs nutrient content and utilization rate of fertilizer thereof
Table 6 shows: promoted plant to absorb the ability of nutrient after adding soil improvement agent, promote that wherein plant absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, the most tangible processing of potassium are SK+VA+PAM, improved than singly using fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium utilization rate: 48.9%, 110.8%, 73.3%.SK+ stalk+VA+PAM and SP+ stalk+VA+PAM azophoska utilization ratio is very low.Illustrate that adding VA mycorhiza can improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer but while utilization ratio to nitrogenous fertilizer after adding stalk is influential.
6, test-results
Comprehensive above data, PAM is very big to the improvement contribution of Soil structure, aspect the microorganism of improving the soil, two treatment effects of SK+ stalk+VA+PAM and SP+ stalk+VA+PAM are the most obvious, and combination formula in the soil nutrient accumulation is had the adding of stalk and VA mycorhiza to help the accumulation of soil nutrient and promotes plant to nutrient absorbing and the utilization ratio that improves nutrient.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of composite soil conditioner comprises polyacrylamide, it is characterized in that: also comprise the crop straw hydrolyzate.
2, a kind of composite soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described crop straw hydrolyzate be crop straw behind potassium hydroxide or phosphoric acid hydrolysis, again PH is adjusted to the crop straw hydrolyzate of 6-7.
3, a kind of composite soil conditioner according to claim 2 is characterized in that: also comprise the VA mycorhiza in the described composite soil conditioner.
4, a kind of composite soil conditioner according to claim 3 is characterized in that: also comprise crop straw in the described composite soil conditioner.
5, according to each described a kind of composite soil conditioner of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described crop straw is corn stalk, wheat straw, paddy stalk, beans straw or cereal straw.
6, the preparation method of the described composite soil conditioner of claim 2 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step prepares straw half hydrolyzate, adds 520ml40% concentration hydrogen potassium oxide in the 300g straw, at the uniform velocity is heated to 180 ℃, and isothermal reaction stops heating after 120 minutes, and the cooling back transfers to pH6.5 with 85% phosphoric acid; Or to add the 280ml mass percent concentration to the 250g straw be 85% phosphoric acid, at the uniform velocity is heated to 180 ℃, and isothermal reaction stops heating after 120 minutes, wait the cooling back to transfer to pH6.5 with 40% concentration KOH, dries and obtains straw half hydrolyzate;
Second step with the mixed of 0.35-0.6:1, was made composite soil conditioner with resulting straw half hydrolyzate of the first step and polyacrylamide.
7, the preparation method of the described composite soil conditioner of claim 3 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step prepares straw half hydrolyzate, adds 520ml40% concentration hydrogen potassium oxide in the 300g straw, at the uniform velocity is heated to 180 ℃, and isothermal reaction stops heating after 120 minutes, and the cooling back transfers to pH6.5 with 85% phosphoric acid; Or to add the 280ml mass percent concentration to the 250g straw be 85% phosphoric acid, at the uniform velocity is heated to 180 ℃, and isothermal reaction stops heating after 120 minutes, wait the cooling back to transfer to pH6.5 with 40% concentration KOH, dries and obtains straw half hydrolyzate;
Second step was made composite soil conditioner with resulting straw half hydrolyzate of the first step and VA mycorhiza, the polyacrylamide mixed with 0.35-0.6:10:1.
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| CN102212369A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-10-12 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Application of non-legume crop straw for immobilizing residual inorganic nitrogen in acid red soil and method thereof |
| CN106045774A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-26 | 浙江森强生态农业有限公司 | Soil conditioner suitable for planting loquats and preparation method |
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| CN102212369A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2011-10-12 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Application of non-legume crop straw for immobilizing residual inorganic nitrogen in acid red soil and method thereof |
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| CN113265256A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-17 | 兰州大学 | Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115232629A (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2022-10-25 | 北京晋荣农业科技有限公司 | Composite soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
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