Background technology
Ramie is the unique native fiber weaving resource that can monopolize of China, and output accounts for global more than 90%.After the entry to WTO, the ramie textile product of China can not be subjected to the restriction of quota and other trade barrier, enter American-European market in a large number.Current domestic and international market increases rapidly the demand of ramie raw materials, and this develops the good chance of the ramie industry with national characters just.
According to textual criticism, before 4,000 years, Ancient Times in China working people just uses ramie to spin cotton and weave cloth by manual; Weave cotton cloth then just with cotton spinning from the Han dynasty.The ramee gas permeability than cotton fiber Senior Three doubly about, have functions such as anticorrosion, fungi-proofing, mildew-resistant, advantage such as rough, well-pressed, elegant, slim and graceful, nice and cool, ventilative, its superiority and individual style are that other fiber is incomparable.In a word, ramee has the good wearability of wearing, and is acknowledged as " king of native fiber ".
Ramie is perennial perennial root herbaceous plant for the Urticaceae ramie belongs to.The cross section ecto-entad of ramie stem is divided into epidermis, phloem fiber layer, xylem and marrow etc.The purpose of cultivation ramie mainly is the fiber that obtains phloem.Ramie anesthesia stem physiological characteristic result of study is shown ramie must show different mechanical properties, i.e. anisotropy axially different with the structure organization that directly makes progress at different directions.Simultaneously ramie epidermis phloem fiber layer, xylem mechanical property difference are bigger, phloem fiber layer mechanical strength height, and the xylem mechanical strength is lower.Root, middle part and taper not only physical dimension differ bigger, and mechanical property also has very big difference.General ramie anesthesia stem root diameter (RD) is 18~30mm, length 2~3.5m.Therefore, corresponding ramie grain header must adopt tall and big stem stalk reaping apparatus, the mode of its group ramie anesthesia stem and be the emphasis of design ramie grain header to the selection of cutting tool.
The ramie results are important steps during whole ramie produces, and the amount of labour used accounts for more than 60% of whole ramie production process (put in order ground, kind, pipe, receive).The ramie results are time-consuming heavy operations, manually cut under the situation of receipts, and each labour can only collect 0.5~0.6T every day, and the per hectare ramie needs 120~150 labours.Along with expanding economy, labor service labor cost lattice improve, and the cost of per hectare ramie harvest operation is constantly risen.China's ramie cultivated area and ramie gross yield row No. 1 in the world, the ramie harvesting mechanization has become China ramie and has produced urgently important
The problem of determining, can the degree of raising mechanical harvest be to be related to ramie peel off the key that obtains high-quality ramee in good time.But the practical application in China of ramie harvesting machinery is almost nil.The research of ramie harvest machinery and application are slow, and its technology and economic factor are still main cause.The artificial results of ramie mainly comprise cut stem, cut leaf, Ji Dui, entrucking four procedures, productive labor intensity is big, efficient is low, realizes that the ramie combining seems very urgent and necessary.
At present, the combine that is similar to the long-stalked crops of ramie mainly contains cane harvester and reed harvester, and wherein the cane harvester patent of invention is 4,17 of utility model patents, and 1 of reed harvester patent of invention, 7 of utility model patents.The content of from these patents, being set forth, the header part of ramie combine should more approach reed harvester, and power section more is similar to sugarcane.But, still there are some essential distinctions:
(1) the ground situation of ramie grain header is special: ramie is once to plant the crop of results for many years, its root and stem of certain plants portion all will protect the root and stem of certain plants in the winter time every year, cause the attached soil of root and stem of certain plants portion higher, simultaneously, ramie is afraid of waterlogging, for draining makes things convenient for the gully, ground many, when head fiber crops, two fiber crops harvestings, also to prevent to be corrupted to root structure, in order to avoid influence the growth of fiber crops of following season.So the power Load System is had relatively high expectations, the flexibility of the ceding of Taiwan is had relatively high expectations.
(2) ramie stem diameter heterogeneity: ramie was received three times in 1 year, and the diameter difference of Various Seasonal fiber crops is bigger, and the diameter of different soil property fiber crops is also different; Simultaneously, the hardness of ramie straw and intensity difference are also bigger.So, to cutter with hold up having relatively high expectations of numb device.
Embodiment
Ramie machinery divides from mechanical type swath harvesting machinery and combined harvester.The swath harvesting mechanical process is: dial and hold up, cut, cut shop, Ji Dui.Combined harvester is whole rod-type harvest machinery.Whole rod-type results operation is: dial and hold up, cut, feed, shell leaf, separation, Ji Dui.According to the situation that present ramie produces, we have invented a kind of segmented ramie combine and have mainly comprised support device, cutter sweep, cut shop and clamp forming machine structure.Its main performance index adapts to operation line-spacing, ridge height, percent of loss, percentage of impurity, serviceability rate, reliability.These performance indications directly have influence on using and promote in China of ramie harvest machinery.The present invention will have adaptability preferably to the hemp stalk that differing heights, stem stalk thickness differ, and the hemp stalk that differing heights, stem stalk thickness differ can be transferred out as soon as possible and stacking and laying.
Ramie belongs to tall and big stem stalk crop, and its ceding of Taiwan, conveying and collection stack device adopt vertical structure respectively.Its structural representation comprises and holds up numb unit (to comprise branch hemp stalk 10, dial finger 11, chain drive 12, guide roller 13, power transmission shaft 14, promptly hold up numb device 1 as shown in Figure 1; Also comprise bracing frame 3), dial numb cutter unit and (comprise the numb device 15 of branch, bracing frame 16, dial numb tooth 17, power transmission shaft 18, the 3rd band transmission 19, wheel cutter 20, Bevel Gear Transmission 21, promptly dial numb device 2 and cutter sweep 4), supply unit (comprises drive link 22, dial numb tooth 23, chain drive 24, power transmission shaft 25, base plate 26, be lateral transfer device 5), the stacking and laying unit (comprises baffle plate 27, support 28, the first band transmission 29, Bevel Gear Transmission 30, the second band transmission 31, gear 32, idle pulley 33, batch (-type) half gear 34, dial heap wheel 35, promptly the side direction conveying plant 6, clamp forming machine structure 7 and group heap mechanism 8) and walking unit (being tractor 9).The annexation of each unit be hold up numb unit, dial numb cutter unit, supply unit and stacking and laying unit are held up according to dialling, cut, the operation of conveying, stacking and laying is fixed in and forms the ceding of Taiwan on the frame; The walking unit is connected with the ceding of Taiwan.
As shown in Figure 2, hold up numb unit to comprise hemp deviding rod 10, dial finger 11, chain 12, guide roller 13 and power transmission shaft 14.Its annexation refers to that for dialling 11 are fixed on the chain 12, and chain 12 is by guide roller 13 transmissions.Hold up numb unit to be fixed on the base plate 26.
As shown in Figure 3, comprise the numb device 15 of branch, bracing frame 16, group numb tooth 17, power transmission shaft 18, the 3rd band transmission 19, wheel cutter 20 and Bevel Gear Transmission 21.Its annexation is for dividing numb device 15, power transmission shaft 18 and being fixed on the bracing frame 16, and wheel cutter 20 is connected with bevel gear 21, and bevel gear 21 is dialled numb tooth 17 by the 3rd band transmission 19 transmissions, dials numb tooth 17 and is movably connected on the numb device 15 of branch.Dialling numb cutter unit is fixed on the base plate 26.
As shown in Figure 4, supply unit (laterally) comprises drive link 22, dials numb tooth 23, chain drive 24, power transmission shaft 25 and base plate 26.Its annexation is that drive link 22 is fixed on the chain 24, dials numb tooth 23 and is fixed on the drive link 22, and power transmission shaft 25 is connected with base plate 26.The ramie anesthesia stem that cuts off is held up at drive link 22 and is dialled on the numb tooth 23, drives group numb tooth 23 by chain drive 24 again the ramie anesthesia stem is transported to the side direction conveying plant.
As shown in Figure 5, the stacking and laying unit comprises baffle plate 27, axle 28, the first band transmission 29, Bevel Gear Transmission 30, the second band transmission 31, gear 32, idle pulley 33, batch (-type) half gear 34 and dials heap wheel 35.Its annexation is that baffle plate 27 is fixed on the frame, and Bevel Gear Transmission 30 is by the first band transmission, 29 transmission bracket 28, and Bevel Gear Transmission 30 is dialled heap wheel 35 by batch (-type) half gear 34, idle pulley 33 and gear 32 transmissions by the second band transmission, 31 travelling gears 32.
As shown in Figure 6, also comprise gear unit, gear unit comprises: power input shaft 36, first order bevel gear 37, first power transmission shaft 38, right chain-drive mechanism 39, hemp stalk device 40 is dialled in the back, second level bevel gear 41, second level power transmission shaft 42, third level bevel gear 43, disk knife section group 44, preceding chain drive 45, the preceding hemp stalk wheel 46 of dialling, third level turning cylinder 47, left side chain-drive mechanism 48, last chain-drive mechanism 49, fourth stage bevel gear 50, initiatively dial numb device 51, the first band transmission 29, the second band transmission 31, Bevel Gear Transmission 30, first power transmission shaft 54, gear 32, idle pulley 33, dial heap wheel 35, batch (-type) half gear 34; It holds up numb unit drive path to be: power input shaft 36 input first order bevel gears 37, drive upward chain-drive mechanism 49 by transmission first power transmission shaft 38, and import fourth stage bevel gear 50 then into, realize initiatively dialling 51 groups of numb operations of numb device; Dialling numb cutter unit drive path is: power input shaft 36 input first order bevel gears 37, drive left chain-drive mechanism 48 by importing first power transmission shaft 38 into, import third level turning cylinder 47 then into transmission third level bevel gear 43, drive disk knife section group 44 by third level bevel gear 43, and dial 46 groups of fiber crops of hemp stalk wheel before chain drive 45 realizes before driving; Stacking and laying unit drive path is: the second band transmission, 31 driven gears 32, drive batch (-type) half gear 34 by transmission idle pulley 33, and realize the stacking and laying operation to drive group heap wheel 35; Laterally dialling numb cutting conveying appliance drive path is: power input shaft 36 drives first order bevel gear 37, drive right chain-drive mechanism 39 by transmission first power transmission shaft 38, drive second level power transmission shaft 42 then to drive second level bevel gear 41, drive back group hemp stalk device 40 realization directions of advance by second level bevel gear 41 and laterally dial numb operation; Side direction carries the stacking and laying drive path to be: first power transmission shaft 38 drives Bevel Gear Transmission 30, drives the transmission that the first band transmission 29 realizes hemp stalk by driving the second band transmission 31.
Hold up numb unit drive path to be: power input shaft 36 transmission first order bevel gears 37, first order bevel gear 37 transmissions first power transmission shaft 38, chain-drive mechanism 49 in 38 transmissions of first power transmission shaft, last chain-drive mechanism 49 transmission fourth stage bevel gears 50, numb device 51 is initiatively dialled in last fourth stage bevel gear 50 transmissions.
Dialling numb cutter unit drive path is: power input shaft 36 transmission first order bevel gears 37, first order bevel gear 37 transmissions first power transmission shaft 38, first power transmission shaft, 38 transmissions left side chain-drive mechanism 48, left side chain-drive mechanism 48 transmission third level turning cylinders 47, third level turning cylinder 47 transmission third level bevel gears 43, dial hemp stalk wheel 46 before the chain drive 45 before the third level bevel gear 43 driving disk knife section groups 44,44 transmissions of disk knife section group, preceding chain drive 45 transmissions.
Stacking and laying unit drive path: the second band transmission, 31 travelling gears 32, gear 32 transmission idle pulleys 33, idle pulley 33 transmission batch (-type)s half gear 34, heap wheel 35 is dialled in 34 transmissions of batch (-type) half gear.
In order to realize the effective coordination work of each several part mechanism and satisfy functional requirement that the operation principle of ramie anesthesia stem transmission is divided into laterally group fiber crops cutting and carries transmission principle (as shown in Figure 6) and side direction to carry stacking and laying transmission principle (as shown in Figure 5).
The supply unit drive path is: power input shaft 36 transmission first order bevel gears 37, first order bevel gear 37 transmissions first power transmission shaft 38, the right chain-drive mechanism 39 of first power transmission shaft, 38 transmissions, right chain-drive mechanism 39 transmission second level power transmission shafts 42, power transmission shaft 42 transmission second level bevel gears 41 in the second level are dialled hemp stalk device 40 after 41 transmissions of second level bevel gear.
The side direction of stacking and laying unit carries drive path to be: the 38 drive bevel gear transmissions 30 of first power transmission shaft, the Bevel Gear Transmission 30 transmissions second band transmission 31, the second band transmissions 31 transmissions first band transmission 29.
In ramie harvesting process, can use above-mentioned ramie combine, be applied to the harvesting of high-stem plant.Described high-stem plant is ramie, jute or bluish dogbane.
Sketch the course of work of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
When running gear 9 was advanced, the numb device 15 of branch of dialling numb device 2 stretched in the hemp stalk, by the numb tooth of dialling of rotation 17 hemp stalk was dialled, and the fiber crops of holding up numb device 1 slightly to lodge simultaneously set upright.Along with advancing of machine, hemp stalk is admitted to cutter sweep 4 and realizes cutting, dial the stalk left side of pulling over by lateral transfer device 5 then, hemp stalk is input to the clamp forming machine structure 7 of arc by side direction conveying plant 6, by group heap mechanism 8 hemp stalk of Ji Dui is transferred to then and be deposited in numb field, finish cutting, Ji Dui, the lay operation of ramie.
(1) holds up numb unit: mainly work the ramie anesthesia stem that solves the plant lodging, interlocks and prop up effect.The numb frame for movement of holding up that adopts is that active rotation is held up numb device (Fig. 2).This device topple over for left and right directions and the plant that falls backward to prop up effect better.Its group refers to that 11 at the uniform velocity rise, and works the fiber crops effect of holding up.When group finger rises to peak, dial finger 11 and take in voluntarily in the box, until crossing out once more.
(2) dial numb cutter unit: mainly solve the disc type cutter ramie anesthesia stem is effectively cut, its structural representation as shown in Figure 3.Dial numb device and fiber crops are separated, be sent to disc type cutter 20 by dialling numb tooth 17 again, realize cutting by dividing numb device 15.Dialling numb device 2 makes disk knife section group 44 realize that the cutting of support is arranged.Cutter sweep 4 adopts table roller formula mechanisms, and under the ceding of Taiwan uniform 4,4 cuttves are arranged on each disk, its effect is the cutting ramie, the cutting depth can require and landform according to the ramie crops for rotation, regulates at any time by hydraulic mechanism, the general cutting height 20~30mm that buries.
(3) the lateral transfer device 5: in order to make the ramie anesthesia stem that cuts off in order to carrying, adopt the cross drive device on one side.Its structural representation as shown in Figure 4.The ramie anesthesia stem that cuts off is held up at drive link 22 and is dialled on the numb tooth 23, drives group numb tooth 23 by chain drive 24 again the ramie anesthesia stem is transported to the side direction conveying plant.
(4) side direction conveying plant 6 and stacking and laying unit: its structural representation as shown in Figure 5.The hemp stalk that is transported by lateral transfer device 5 is input to hemp stalk by the band transmission moving tooth 32 of side direction conveying plant 6 the clamp forming machine structure of arc, dial heap wheel 35 by batch (-type) then and the hemp stalk of Ji Dui is transferred to be deposited in numb field, finish cutting, Ji Dui, the lay operation of ramie.