CN101473786B - Method for breeding elite seed by distant hybridization of graminaceous plant - Google Patents
Method for breeding elite seed by distant hybridization of graminaceous plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN101473786B CN101473786B CN2009100144134A CN200910014413A CN101473786B CN 101473786 B CN101473786 B CN 101473786B CN 2009100144134 A CN2009100144134 A CN 2009100144134A CN 200910014413 A CN200910014413 A CN 200910014413A CN 101473786 B CN101473786 B CN 101473786B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for selecting elite seeds of a grass family by distant hybridization. The method mainly comprises the following steps: selecting a female parent and a male parent of the grass family which belong to the same species but different families and are in the same florescence; picking off staminate flowers of the female parent and hybridizing and selecting by pollen of the staminate flowers of the male parent containing protein of the female parent; then backcrossing for 2-3 times to obtain seeds with excellent characteristics of the male parent and the female parent finally. The method can be used for hybridization improvement of the characteristics of certain plants of the grass family by the excellent characteristics of the plants of other different families, thus obtaining a new variety with certain excellent characteristic that people desire. The method can help improve paddy rice into 'dry rice', thus realizing self-drought resistance of the paddy rice and easy plantation in an arid area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural breeding method.
Background technology
The agricultural breeding method relevant with invention is cross breeding method, and traditional crossbreeding generally all is to carry out closed crossing between two kinds of gramineous plantses between equal belonging to together.Choose good male parent and pistillate parent, remove maternal stamen, pollinate with the stamen pollen of male parent, hybridization obtains improved seeds through several generations.Present paddy rice, the corn promoted of large tracts of land for example belongs to all that the closed crossing method cultivates.Though finding at present has two kinds of gramineae plants that do not belong to together to carry out distant crossing method, success rate is not high, and is difficult for repeating, and has little significance in agricultural production.
As everyone knows, paddy rice is the crops of growing in the paddy field, and it does not fit into dry land plantation, and the northern area of China is because the how fine dry land that all belongs to short of rain, can not rice-cultivating, even paddy rice on the kind of paddy field sometimes in case run into arid, will cause to drop in production over a large area.If can select the rice paddy seed that adapts to culture of dry land will can rice cultivation be a much progress on the agricultural cultivation history to vast arid area, it also is a kind of active measures that prevention weather arid is caused the paddy rice underproduction.If but hybridize between paddy rice with the method for nearly edge hybridization, do not break away from the gene of " water " forever, can only in edge gramineae plant far away, seek the male parent of anti-drought gene.
Pearl millet (pennisetum atopecuroides (L) Spreng) is a herbaceos perennial, belong to the grass family Pennisetum, do not belong to together with paddy rice is equal, the pearl millet fibrous root is sturdy, cane is upright, titbit such as wolf tail, and be that mid-July is to by the end of November flowering stage, by the end of September to December be the maturing stage, the florescence is longer.Pearl millet is distributed more widely in area, northern Shandong, Shandong, grows in hills, hillside arid tract, drought-enduring disease-resistant worm.Therefore, pearl millet is the first-selected gramineae plant of drought resisting paddy rice cross breeding male parent that is.By the method for its anti-drought gene with hybridization imported in the paddy rice parent, can obtain " upland rice " seed.
Because paddy rice and pearl millet are equal two kinds of gramineae plants that do not belong to together,, realize that the distant hybridization key is the rejection problem that solves pistil pollination between female male parent so realize that the hybridization between them is a kind of distant crossing method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to invent a kind of gramineae plant distant crossing method, final purpose is the method for cultivating elite seed by distant hybridization, especially cultivates the method for upland rice, thereby reaches the purpose of the dry land energy rice cultivation and the not underproduction of paddy rice dry days.
The method that elite seed is cultivated in distant hybridization of the present invention is:
One, chooses the gramineae plant female parent and the male parent at the same florescence that does not belong to together of the same race, pluck the maternal stamen pollen bottle of packing into and retain, keep maternal complete gynoecium, on female quirk, put paper bag and wait to pollinate with premium properties.
Two, the bottle that maternal stamen pollen will be housed is sealed up black paper, under dark, humidity are condition 85% or more, preserved 2-3 days, maternal stamen pollen is caused death, add the male parent stamen pollen of new harvesting then, mix even back and be applied on the maternal column cap (gynoecium) that removes stamen, pollinate with writing brush.
Pollination was bloomed preceding 4 days at female parent at least, and preceding 3 days, full-bloom stage and blooming back 2 days carried out repeating for four times pollination;
Pollinating successfully, the back obtains contemporary hybrid seed F.。
Three, with contemporary hybrid seed F.Be seeded in flowerpot, sowing after 15 days takes out the seedling that grows clean, three wounds cut with blade in foundation portion seedling, wound is drawn the vascular bundle position to stem, be immersed in 0.05% colchicine solution 4 days, remain on that the sun does not directly shine and well-lighted condition under do not carry out, make chromosome doubling, transplant after 4 days in the wet canopy of humidity about 85%, cultivate.
Four, when wet canopy treats about ten days that sprouting is emerged in a stroke wound, increase fertilizer impels tillers, and removes wet canopy after about 20 days, changes the normal growth phase over to, bears first generation fertile line distant hybridization seed F until blooming
1Single fringe.
Five, with hybrid seed F
1Broadcast into the field of natural conditions and normally cultivate, the back of blooming obtains the offspring Dan Sui of separation.Separation case is more common in three kinds, and promptly close maternal type, close male parent type and father and mother's parental type are therefrom chosen single fringe of father and mother parents, obtain the hybrid seed F of the drought-enduring gene of the second generation
2
Six, get hybrid seed F
2Backcross 2-3 time the final seed that obtains to have the male parent good characteristic with former maternal seed.
In the step of the present invention, second step is the successful key of pollination.In the ordinary course of things, the two plant species pollination that does not belong to together is difficult for successfully.Observe through magnifying glass, the mouth of pipe closure of maternal gynoecium (cylinder pipe) is malely had no stomach for to external, and male powder advances less than in the body, so do not produce pollination.
Among the present invention, in the male powder of male parent, mix deadly maternal male powder.Maternal male powder after owing to cause death contains maternal protein, plays " inducing " effect during pollination, and the column cap of maternal gynoecium thinks the male powder that belongs to together by mistake and dehisce, and makes the male powder of male parent enter pollen tube and blastular smoothly and pollinates.
Good effect of the present invention is, can carry out crossbreeding and improvement with the good characteristics of other plants that do not belong to together to the characteristic of some gramineae plant with this method, thereby obtain the new varieties of desired certain good characteristic of people.Can be " upland rice " with rice modification for example, thereby solve the problem of the easy plantation of paddy rice self drought resisting and arid area with method of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 acquires first generation hybrid seed F after paddy rice and the pearl millet hybridization
1Single fringe picture;
Fig. 2 is three kinds of fringe shape pictures after hybrid seed F1 cultivates, and a is the single fringe of close pearl millet male parent, and b is the single fringe of hydrophilic rice (female parent) shape; C obtains single fringe of seed F2 for father and mother parents shape;
Fig. 3 is that extensive 527 recoveries in another name for Sichuan Province that are used to backcross are the picture of spike of rice;
Fig. 4 is that extensive 527 recoveries in F2 seed and another name for Sichuan Province are the drought resisting hybrid rice fringe that obtains after paddy rice is backcrossed.
Embodiment
In order to illustrate how the present invention implements, a kind of to cultivate below " upland rice " seed is that example illustrates its embodiment.Adopting another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527 to recover among the embodiment is that the paddy rice kind is maternal, by this embodiment, can be generalized to the cross method that any people want to change certain plant performance.This method mainly is to be female parent with the plant that changes performance, is male parent with the equal plant that does not belong to together of certain performance, by the hybridization mode, makes pistillate parent reach certain specific character that paternal plant has.Step is as follows:
One, hybridize for female parent in the rice varieties another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527 of choosing normal high yield.At first pluck maternal pistillate flower fringe stamen as shown in Figure 1, the stamen pollen of taking is temporary in the bottle.Keeping extensive 527 recoveries in another name for Sichuan Province is the complete male core of paddy rice, waits behind the bagging to pollinate.
Two, choosing pearl millet is male parent, wins as shown in Figure 2 stamen pollen from the pearl millet fringe, seals up black paper with preserving on the bottle of stamen paddy rice stamen pollen.Preserved 2-3 days under dark, humidity are condition 85% or more, make its active causing death, keep its protein, admixture was being bloomed preceding 4 days in the pearl millet stamen pollen, preceding 2 days, full-bloom stage with bloomed back 2 days, maternal rice is carried out the pollination of paternal pollen.Pollinating successfully, the back obtains contemporary hybrid seed F
0
Three, with hybrid seed F
0Be seeded in and grow seedling in the basin, get seedling and clean, draw 2-3 wound in its foundation portion with blade, wound is drawn the vascular bundle position to stem.Be soaked in 0.05% the colchicine solution again, took out in 4 days avoiding soaking under the condition under the sun blaze line, transplant in the warm canopy of humidity 85% and cultivate, epipodium fertilizer nutrient is urged its growth.
Four, under above-mentioned growth conditions, ten days left and right sides seedling are from scratching the punishment tiller sprouting of emerging, and short its growth of fertilising removes warm canopy again through about 20 days, and natural development growth is set seeds until the heading spontaneous pollination of blooming, and obtains first generation fertile line distant hybridization rice paddy seed F
1Single fringe (fringe shape as shown in Figure 1).
Five, get hybrid rice seeds F
1Be sowed at the field under the natural conditions, natural germinating growth is blossomed and had seeds, the back seville orange flower fringe (as shown in Figure 2) that obtains separating, back seville orange flower fringe have three kinds of separation case of abc as shown in Figure 2 basically, and Fig. 2 a is close male parent pearl millet shape, Fig. 2 b is close maternal rice type, and Fig. 2 c is paddy rice pearl millet parents shapes.Get the paddy rice cross breeding seed F of the seed of parents' shape shown in Fig. 2 c as second generation drought resisting shape
2
Six, get hybrid seed F
2Recovering with good another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527 is that paddy rice kind (fringe shape as shown in Figure 3) is backcrossed, and number of times 2-4 time backcrossed can obtain upland rice seed (fringe shape as shown in Figure 4).This seed has the gene of pearl millet drought resisting, and suitable planting even in paddy rice plantation area arid weather takes place, also is unlikely the underproduction in the northern area of arid.
Recited above backcrossing belongs to the routine techniques of seed hybridization.Recover in another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527 is that the paddy rice kind is the recovery system of widespread usage during present hybrid rice is produced.
Through test, upland rice seed per mu yield in dry land of second backcross generation reaches 390kg, and the third backcross generation reaches 428kg, backcross to obtain being fit to the good drought-resistant variety of agricultural production after three times, and per mu yield 461.5kg, recovering than original another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527 is that the volume increase of paddy rice kind is more than 30%.
It is that the paddy rice kind limits that paddy rice kind in the present embodiment is not recovered by or not another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527, and other paddy rice kinds also can be hybridized with breeding method of the present invention and pearl millet, such as golden 23B, morning paddy rice kind such as Xian 213 etc.
The present invention not only is confined to paddy rice and pearl millet hybridization, such as obtaining the anti-disease wheat kind with wheat and long fringe couchgrass hybridization, obtains multiple ear corn with corn and Coix hybridization.So long as the distant hybridization between the equal gramineae plant that does not belong to together adopts the inventive method all within protection domain.
Claims (2)
1. the method for a breeding elite seed by distant hybridization of graminaceous plant is characterized in that, step is as follows:
The first step: choose the maternal and pearl millet male parent of paddy rice kind at the equal same florescence that does not belong to together, pluck the maternal stamen pollen bottle of packing into and retain, keep the complete gynoecium of female parent, on maternal quirk, put paper bag and wait to pollinate with premium properties;
Second step: the bottle that maternal stamen pollen will be housed is sealed up black paper, under dark, humidity are condition 85% or more, preserved 2-3 days, maternal stamen pollen is caused death, add the male parent stamen pollen of new harvesting then, mix even back and be applied on the maternal column cap that removes stamen, pollinate with writing brush;
Pollination was bloomed preceding 4 days at female parent at least, and preceding 3 days, full-bloom stage and blooming back 2 days carried out repeating for four times pollination;
Pollinating successfully, the back obtains contemporary hybrid seed F
0
The 3rd step: with contemporary hybrid seed F
0Be seeded in flowerpot, sowing after 15 days takes out the seedling that grows clean, three wounds cut with blade in foundation portion seedling, wound is drawn the vascular bundle position to stem, be immersed in 0.05% colchicine solution 4 days, remain on that the sun does not directly shine and well-lighted condition under do not carry out, make chromosome doubling, transplant after 4 days in the wet canopy of humidity about 85%, cultivate;
The 4th step: when wet canopy treated that sprouting is emerged in a stroke wound, increase fertilizer impels tillered, and removes wet canopy after 20 days, changes the normal growth phase over to, bears first generation fertile line distant hybridization seed F until blooming
1Single fringe;
The 5th step: with hybrid seed F
1Broadcast into the field of natural conditions and normally cultivate, the offspring Dan Sui that to separate the back of blooming, promptly close maternal type, close male parent type and father and mother's parental type are therefrom chosen single fringe of father and mother parents, obtain the hybrid seed F of the drought-enduring gene of the second generation
2
The 6th step: get hybrid seed F
2Backcross 2-3 time the final rice paddy seed that obtains to have the male parent good characteristic with former maternal seed.
2. the method for breeding elite seed by distant hybridization of graminaceous plant as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described paddy rice kind is that another name for Sichuan Province extensive 527 recovers is paddy rice kind, golden 23B paddy rice kind or Xian 213 paddy rice kinds early.
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| CN2009100144134A CN101473786B (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Method for breeding elite seed by distant hybridization of graminaceous plant |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| AU2012285371A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2014-03-06 | Kaiima Bio Agritech Ltd. | Maize plants having a partially or fully multiplied genome and uses thereof |
| CN105706897B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-08-11 | 王成玉 | Corn and the distant hybridization method of paddy rice |
| CN115500259B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-08-22 | 绍兴市农业科学研究院 | Method for overcoming pollinosis of pumpkin interspecific hybridization offspring |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 何强等.水稻远缘杂交及杂种优势利用现状.《中国农业科技导报》.2007,第9卷(第5期),第24-29页. * |
| 赵剑峰等.水稻远缘杂交生物技术育种的研究.《吉林农业科学》.2006,第31卷(第1期),第30-34,43页. * |
| 高新起等.植物远缘杂交的障碍及其克服.《生物学通报》.1998,第33卷(第12期),第12-14页. * |
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