CN101455188A - Artificial seedling-rearing method of octopus - Google Patents
Artificial seedling-rearing method of octopus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101455188A CN101455188A CNA2009100953069A CN200910095306A CN101455188A CN 101455188 A CN101455188 A CN 101455188A CN A2009100953069 A CNA2009100953069 A CN A2009100953069A CN 200910095306 A CN200910095306 A CN 200910095306A CN 101455188 A CN101455188 A CN 101455188A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention discloses an octopus variabilis artificial breeding method comprising steps of holding culture, oviposit and hatching in a hatching pond and young octopus variabilis pond breeding. The hatching pond is provided with a hatching net box, a cement pot is positioned in the hatching net box, female octopus variabilis oviposit in the cement pot quietly, protects and hatches the ovums to wait for the young octopus variabilis to go out from the membrane, young octopus variabilis shielding pipes are positioned in the young octopus variabilis breeding pond, at least one of the mysid, big artemia, hydrophoria nuda cockroach is used as the opening baits for young octopus variabilis, the young octopus variabilis grow up in the shielding pipes, and the obtained young octopus variabilis have higher quality and stronger energy; by using the method, the number of generated ovums is over 140, the average hatchability is more than 90%, the average rate of emergence is over 80%; therefore, the present invention provides a octopus variabilis with a high hatchability and a high rate of emergence artificial breeding method, realizes the scale artificial breeding method of octopus variabilis and starts a foreground of the scale artificial breeding of octopus variabilis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling-cultivating method of octopus, be specifically related to a kind of artificial raise seedling method of long octopus.
Background technology
Long octopus (Octopus variabilis Sasaki) is commonly called as octopus, hopes tide, is under the jurisdiction of Cephalopoda, Octopodida, octopus section, octopus genus (Octopus), is main economic kind the in the coastal octopus class of Northern Part of Zhejiang.Its delicious meat, nutritious, edible part is high.Long octopus at home on the market price higher, in very great demand, the long octopus of living is looked at by the people parent especially.Because overfishing, long octopus resource fails gradually, and quantity of the catch reduces day by day.Though the bottled breed of long octopus is in the success of ground such as Fujian, the source of present young octopus all by the natural waters trapping, is restricted by natural cause for seedling, and the breed scale of long octopus is difficult to be enlarged, thereby artificial breeding becomes the task of top priority.The artificial breeding of octopus class is also under test, be entitled as " the long octopus artificial breeding technique " delivered as Li Shihu etc. discloses through parent and selects and cultivate, lay eggs and hatching, larval culture step, and the young emerges when cultivating about 10～15cm seed through 30 days and puts in a suitable place to breed; The hatching water temperature is controlled at 18～22 ℃, and the larval culture water temperature is controlled at 22～25 ℃, and the temperature difference does not surpass 1 ℃ during the temperature control; Incubation period is suitably changed water, the larval culture phase is changed water 20～40% with young growth from changing water 10～20% every other day to every day, salinity proportion is 1.016～1.020 between nursery stage, just the young of membrane mainly is food with the macrozooplankton, the main bait of the young is fairy shrimp, fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish meat later on, larval culture is taked black cloth shading method effect better (aquaculture, 2008 the 5th phases, 15～16).Chen Yanfeng etc. deliver is entitled as " breeding of true octopus is observed under the artificial condition " also discloses close octopus through supporting temporarily, cultivate and the hatching step: a side cement brick is piled into the octopus nest (double as egg apparatus) with quantity such as close octopus at the bottom of the pond in storage pond, holding pond and cultivation pond, the length and width height of octopus nest is 39cm * 18cm * 19cm, black net has been hanged up in the top, pond, support temporarily in male and female 1:1 ratio, parent's octopus is at the complete post-coitum of storage pond, holding pond, female octopus is moved into concentrated cultivation the in the cultivation pond, and the cultivation density of cultivating female octopus in the pond is 1 tail/m
2, female octopus stops the same day of ingesting, and it is moved to 1m together with the octopus nest
3The hatchery in the hatching of laying eggs, 1 ovum that female octopus produced is only hatched in each hatchery, the hatching water temperature is 17.2～27.2 ℃, hatching can be for separating hatching and protecting two kinds of modes of ovum hatching, spawning rate is 94.7%, protecting egg hatching rate is 70.8～83.5% (aquaculture, 2008 the 5th phases, 37～39).Long octopus is at the beginning of June natural spawning, and a few days ago long octopus of laying eggs stops feed gradually, laying eggs and the incubation period does not take food always, lays eggs in batches, and the number of times of laying eggs is no less than two batches, total egg laying amount be generally 100～200/only, the ovum lady's fingers shape that is creamy white.Up to the present, the incubation rate of long octopus and seedling percent are all lower, and it is few to add its fish brood amount, also do not realize the large-scale artificial seedling growing process of long octopus, become the bottleneck of the artificial breeding scale that restricts long octopus.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the artificial raise seedling method of the higher long octopus of a kind of incubation rate and emergence rate, has realized the large-scale artificial seedling growing process of long octopus, for the artificial breeding scale of long octopus has been started prospect.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of artificial raise seedling method of long octopus comprises the steps:
1) select in May that quality is good, the female preferably long octopus of gonad development, be put in the storage pond, holding pond and support temporarily, during supporting temporarily, change water 50～70% every day for storage pond, holding pond, inflation, the bait of throwing something and feeding, soil pick-up is treated female long octopus gonadal maturation;
2) the hatching net cage of upper end open is set in the hatchery, the diameter of described hatching net cage is 30～40cm, the upper port of described hatching net cage is higher than water surface 15cm at least, traverse ports having diameter is that 15～25cm, length are the mud jar of 20～30cm in the described hatching net cage, and the port upper limb of described mud jar is lower than the water surface 20～50cm;
When 3) finding that in storage pond, holding pond female long octopus is stopped eating, move into the female long octopus of stopping eating in each hatching net cage, black sunshade net on overspread on the described hatchery allows female long octopus undisturbedly lay eggs, and protects the ovum hatching and treat young octopus membrane;
4) during young octopus membrane, observe the hatching net cage every morning, with the little net of softness the young octopus of incubation of membrane is moved into that to be provided with diameter be that 2～4cm, length are that the young octopus of the hidden pipe of young octopus of 8～20cm is cultivated in the pond and cultivated, with oppossum shrimp, big halogen worm, naked thin roach at least one of them as young octopus open-mouthed bait; Oppossum shrimp before if throw something and feed, big halogen worm etc. are strengthened with chrysophyceae or chlorella, can make the nutrition of young octopus better;
5) above-mentioned young octopus is cultivated the pond is carried out sunshade, day changed water 30～50%, little inflation, throw something and feed bait and soil pick-up management, cultivated 20～30 days in young octopus is cultivated the pond, young octopus trunk reaches 1.2～1.8cm, can emerge.
In step 2) in, the upper port of described hatching net cage is higher than water surface 20cm, and being provided with port diameter in the described hatching net cage is the mud jar of 20cm, and the port of described mud jar is lower than water surface 30cm; These conditions just give female long octopus with suitable activity space, can often go in the mud jar hiddenly again, make long octopus like life in natural environment (long octopus keeps in dark place, and likes the lucifuge of getting into the cave); Also can avoid female long octopus to run away or be subjected to that other female long octopus is attacked and unstability or cut one another's throat.
In step 3), between the egg-laying period, water temperature is controlled at 23.5～25.5 ℃ at female long octopus; This water temperature control range can make it be in the required optimum water temperature scope of laying eggs, and makes egg development comparatively fast better, and the energy output quality is ovum and raising spawning rate preferably.
In step 3), protect ovum between the incubation period at female long octopus, water temperature is controlled at 26～31 ℃; Protect 40～45 days young octopus membranes of ovum hatching, it is more suitable to hatch water temperature like this, and embryonic development is good, and the young octopus vigor behind the incubation of membrane is better, grows perfectly, and incubation rate is higher.
In step 3), protect ovum between the incubation period at female long octopus, uninterrupted little inflation slowly changes water 50～60% for every day the hatchery, and the hatchery is when changing water, and the water temperature variation is controlled in 1 ℃; So just reduced the not young octopus of membrane or embryo's stimulation, reduced young octopus prematurely ruptured membrane rate, made the young octopus vigor of membrane better.
In step 4), the diameter of the hidden pipe of described young octopus is 3cm, and the hidden pipe of young octopus provides the sheltered situation of young octopus well, has improved the seed rearing survival rate.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that with the hatching net cage that is provided with the mud jar allows female long octopus lay eggs and hatch, female long octopus is produced ovum in the mud jar, the mud jar is compared with the octopus nest that cement brick is piled up, and environment is more stable in it, and is less to the stimulation of parent and ovum, thereby the parent egg laying amount is many, the quality of output ovum is good, and parent is willing to be intended to protect ovum in the mud jar, thereby incubation rate improves; The jar done of mud makes ovum easily adhere to mud jar inwall in addition, has avoided the injury of the composition of cement to ovum; The space of hatching net cage is on the basis that guarantees female long octopus scope of activities, avoided the interference of other parent, also avoided female long octopus to be subjected to environmental stimuli and stop to lay eggs or eat up the ovum of output, reduced young octopus prematurely ruptured membrane rate effectively, make the young octopus vigor of membrane better, improved egg laying amount and incubation rate, the average egg laying amount of female long octopus can reach more than 140/, and average incubation rate can reach more than 90%; Because female long octopus often passes in and out in the mud jar of traverse, prevented the deterioration of ambient water quality in the mud jar; Ovum hatching and young octopus membrane are undisturbedly laid eggs, protected to female long octopus in the hatching net cage after, children's octopus is cultivated the pond at the young octopus that is provided with the hidden pipe of young octopus and is cultivated, and with oppossum shrimp, big halogen worm, naked thin roach as young octopus open-mouthed bait, for young octopus has been built near natural growing environment, improved the emergence rate of young octopus, average emergence rate reaches more than 80%, and the long octopus seedling quality that obtains is better, and vigor is stronger.Therefore the present invention is the higher long octopus artificial raise seedling method of a kind of spawning rate, incubation rate and emergence rate, has realized the large-scale artificial seedling growing process of long octopus, for the artificial breeding scale of long octopus has been started prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
1, parent is supported temporarily
The middle ten days in may, select that quality is good, energetic, the female preferably long octopus of gonad development is put into storage pond, holding pond and supported temporarily; Change water 60% every day during supporting temporarily, uninterruptedly inflates; Throw something and feed the every day fiddler crab that on beach, grasps, thick crab, little assorted crab etc., the razor clam of throwing something and feeding when bait is not enough, every day, soil pick-up was treated female long octopus gonad maturity, stopped to ingest.
2, the hatchery is provided with
Injection proportion is 1.017 ± 0.001 seawater in the hatchery, depth of water 50cm, it is 70cm hatching net cage that some height are set in the hatchery, it is the 30cm circle that the upper end of hatching net cage surrounds diameter by galvanized wire, and the galvanized wire circle is sling next with rope, the lower end is that the plastic plate of 30cm is as base plate with the diameter, surround nearly cylindrical shape net cage with nylon wire between galvanized wire circle and the base plate, the width of mesh of purse seine will be run away can prevent female long octopus, make the water body exchange be preferably target again, traverse ports having diameter is 20cm in the hatching net cage, length is the mud jar that is rectangular shape of 26cm.
3, lay eggs and hatch
About the beginning of June, the general gland maturity of female long octopus in the storage pond, holding pond, move into the long octopus of the male and female that stop to ingest in each hatching net cage, black sunshade net on overspread on the hatchery, allow female long octopus undisturbedly lay eggs, in the process of laying eggs, avoid bothering female octopus as far as possible, otherwise female octopus can stop to lay eggs even the ovum of original output being eaten up, suitably slowly change water between the egg-laying period, soil pick-up and inflation, water temperature is controlled at 24.5 ± 1 ℃, female octopus divides secondary or repeatedly with the ovum output in the body, after female long octopus is laid eggs, the ovum lady's fingers shape that is creamy white, stick at mud jar inboard (also can produce sometimes) by green spot shape secretion, allow female long octopus undisturbedly protect the ovum hatching and treat to protect ovum between the incubation period at female long octopus by young octopus membrane in the mud jar outside, uninterrupted little inflation, the hatchery water temperature is controlled at 26～31 ℃, slowly changes water 50～60% for every day the hatchery, and the hatchery is when changing water, the water temperature variation is controlled in 1 ℃, avoid stimulating the not young octopus of membrane as far as possible, protect 40～45 days young octopus membranes of ovum hatching, it is more suitable to hatch water temperature like this, embryonic development is good, young octopus vigor behind the incubation of membrane is good, grows perfectly, is not with yolk sac during membrane, color is greyish black, can ink-jet when sturting; Sucker physically well develops, and can be adsorbed onto on the mud tank skin, hatches can observe young octopus seedling visceral mass after one day and be brownish red or kermesinus.
4, young octopus is cultivated
During young octopus membrane, observe the hatching net cage every morning, with soft little dredger the young octopus of incubation of membrane is moved in the young octopus cultivation pond that is provided with the hidden pipe of many young octopus and cultivate, the hidden pipe of young octopus is 3cm by diameter, length is that the pvc pipe of 8～20cm is made, during young octopus opening, with oppossum shrimp, big halogen worm, naked thin roach one of them is as young octopus open-mouthed bait at least, mixing is thrown something and fed, better effects if, before throwing something and feeding, available chrysophyceae or chlorella reinforcements such as oppossum shrimp, big halogen worm, nutrition is better; Young octopus is cultivated the pond carry out sunshade, uninterrupted flowing water, little inflation, throw something and feed and the soil pick-up management, cultivated 20～30 days in young octopus is cultivated the pond, young octopus trunk reaches 1.2～1.8cm, and its body weight is about 5.0 ± 1g, can emerge; The water temperature of larval culture is controlled at 20～30 ℃ for well.
5, result's statistics
The laying eggs of the female long octopus of 26 gonad maturities, hatching and young octopus are cultivated; obtain statistics as table 1; method therefrom of the present invention as can be seen makes egg laying amount, incubation rate and the emergence rate of long octopus all higher; realized the large-scale artificial seedling growing process of long octopus, for the artificial breeding scale of long octopus has been started prospect.
The water temperature of laying eggs in the foregoing description also is suitable in 21.5～27.5 ℃, but water temperature change should be controlled at ± 1 ℃ in, reducing stimulates, temperature is low can to prolong the egg-laying period, temperature is higher can to shorten the egg-laying period, but egg development is influenced, and egg-laying period and egg development were all more suitable when we thought with 24.5 ± 1 ℃.The hatching water temperature also is suitable between 20 ℃～26 ℃, but water temperature change should be controlled at ± 1 ℃ in, temperature is low can to prolong brooding time, also can influence embryonic development.
The mud jar also can be the mud jar of other shape in the foregoing description, but all not to be coated with glaze for well.Children's octopus hidden pipe also can be with preparations such as thick bamboo tubes.
The egg laying amount of table 1, long octopus, incubation rate and emergence rate statistical form
| Egg laying amount | Incubation rate (%) | Emergence rate (%) | |
| 1 | 144 | 91 | 84 |
| 2 | 136 | 93 | 85 |
| 3 | 142 | 92 | 86 |
| 4 | 153 | 93 | 82 |
| 5 | 138 | 90 | 85 |
| 6 | 152 | 94 | 84 |
| 7 | 165 | 89 | 77 |
| 8 | 148 | 93 | 80 |
| 9 | 110 | 95 | 90 |
| 10 | 156 | 91 | 83 |
| 11 | 169 | 90 | 79 |
| 12 | 143 | 92 | 85 |
| 13 | 139 | 93 | 83 |
| 14 | 144 | 92 | 83 |
| 15 | 154 | 90 | 80 |
| 16 | 163 | 89 | 80 |
| 17 | 109 | 95 | 87 |
| 18 | 155 | 91 | 80 |
| 19 | 138 | 92 | 79 |
| 20 | 140 | 93 | 83 |
| 21 | 157 | 90 | 82 |
| 22 | 149 | 89 | 76 |
| 23 | 138 | 94 | 88 |
| 24 | 162 | 91 | 81 |
| 25 | 148 | 93 | 82 |
| 26 | 150 | 89 | 82 |
Claims (6)
1, a kind of artificial raise seedling method of long octopus is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) select in May that quality is good, the female preferably long octopus of gonad development, be put in the storage pond, holding pond and support temporarily, during supporting temporarily, change water 50～70% every day for storage pond, holding pond, inflation, the bait of throwing something and feeding, soil pick-up is treated female long octopus gonadal maturation;
2) the hatching net cage of upper end open is set in the hatchery, the diameter of described hatching net cage is 30～40cm, the upper port of described hatching net cage is higher than water surface 15cm at least, traverse ports having diameter is that 15～25cm, length are the mud jar of 20～30cm in the described hatching net cage, and the port upper limb of described mud jar is lower than the water surface 20～50cm;
When 3) finding that in storage pond, holding pond female long octopus is stopped eating, move into the female long octopus of stopping eating in each hatching net cage, black sunshade net on overspread on the described hatchery allows female long octopus undisturbedly lay eggs, and protects the ovum hatching and treat young octopus membrane;
4) during young octopus membrane, observe the hatching net cage every morning, with the little net of softness the young octopus of incubation of membrane is moved into that to be provided with diameter be that 2～4cm, length are that the young octopus of the hidden pipe of young octopus of 8～20cm is cultivated in the pond and cultivated, with oppossum shrimp, big halogen worm, naked thin roach at least one of them as young octopus open-mouthed bait;
5) above-mentioned young octopus is cultivated the pond is carried out sunshade, day changed water 30～50%, little inflation, throw something and feed bait and soil pick-up management, cultivated 20～30 days in young octopus is cultivated the pond, young octopus trunk reaches 1.2～1.8cm, can emerge.
2, the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of long octopus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 2) in, the upper port of described hatching net cage is higher than water surface 20cm, and being provided with port diameter in the described hatching net cage is the mud jar of 20cm, and the port upper limb of described mud jar is lower than water surface 30cm.
3, the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of long octopus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 3), and between the egg-laying period, water temperature is controlled at 23.5～25.5 ℃ at female long octopus.
As the artificial raise seedling method of claim 1 or 3 described a kind of long octopus, it is characterized in that in step 3) that 4, protect ovum between the incubation period at female long octopus, water temperature is controlled at 26～31 ℃.
5, the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of long octopus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 3), protects ovum between the incubation period at female long octopus, uninterrupted little inflation, slowly change water 50～60% for every day the hatchery, the hatchery is when changing water, and the water temperature variation is controlled in 1 ℃.
6, the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of long octopus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in step 4), and the diameter of the hidden pipe of described young octopus is 3cm.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN101984791A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-03-16 | 浙江海洋学院 | Double-harvest-one-year industrialized culture method for octopuses |
| CN101703034B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-07-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Three-dimensional seedling cultivating method of octopus variabilis |
| CN102550460A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2012-07-11 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Artificial propagation method of Octopus ocellatus in outdoor earth pond |
| CN103392640A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-20 | 大连海洋大学 | Factory breeding method for Octopus variabilis |
| CN103430875A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-12-11 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Method for improving survival rate of octopus ocellatus larve |
| CN104054615A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Octopus minor oosperm collector and application thereof |
| CN107439423A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-08 | 宁德市鼎诚水产有限公司 | Catch keep-alive and the domesticating method of wide prum chapter parent in a kind of sea |
| CN108293926A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-20 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of biological breeding method of the long octopus young |
| CN111436391A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-24 | 宁波大学 | Domestication method for enabling scylla paramamosain fries to adapt to saline-alkali soil water area culture |
| CN111436385A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Method and device for unisexual culture of octopus variabilis |
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| CN101703034B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-07-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Three-dimensional seedling cultivating method of octopus variabilis |
| CN101984791B (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-09-05 | 浙江海洋学院 | Double-harvest-one-year industrialized culture method for octopuses |
| CN101984791A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-03-16 | 浙江海洋学院 | Double-harvest-one-year industrialized culture method for octopuses |
| CN102550460A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2012-07-11 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Artificial propagation method of Octopus ocellatus in outdoor earth pond |
| CN103392640A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-20 | 大连海洋大学 | Factory breeding method for Octopus variabilis |
| CN103392640B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2014-11-12 | 大连海洋大学 | Factory breeding method for Octopus variabilis |
| CN103430875B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-01-28 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Method for improving survival rate of octopus ocellatus larve |
| CN103430875A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-12-11 | 山东省海洋水产研究所 | Method for improving survival rate of octopus ocellatus larve |
| CN104054615A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Octopus minor oosperm collector and application thereof |
| CN104054615B (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2015-12-09 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of long octopus fertilized egg adopts egg apparatus and application thereof |
| CN107439423A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-08 | 宁德市鼎诚水产有限公司 | Catch keep-alive and the domesticating method of wide prum chapter parent in a kind of sea |
| CN108293926A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-07-20 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of biological breeding method of the long octopus young |
| CN111436391A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-24 | 宁波大学 | Domestication method for enabling scylla paramamosain fries to adapt to saline-alkali soil water area culture |
| CN111436391B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2022-03-04 | 宁波大学 | Domestication method for enabling scylla paramamosain fries to adapt to saline-alkali soil water area culture |
| CN111436385A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Method and device for unisexual culture of octopus variabilis |
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