CN101454173A - 用于制动电驱动的车辆的方法 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
- B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/02—Dynamic electric resistor braking
- B60L7/06—Dynamic electric resistor braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Braking Systems And Boosters (AREA)
- Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制动电驱动的车辆,尤其是有轨车辆的方法。本发明所要解决的技术问题是,直接根据系统状态,也就是说根据前述的车辆的边缘条件优化地设计制动系统的性能,并从而实现舍弃当今在车辆上存在的、完全机械的制动器。用于制动电驱动的车辆的方法,其装备有以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器,并且其电动机的驱动通过永磁体励磁的同步电机实现,其中,所述同步电机的端子通过开关与一产生制动力矩的装置连接,按照本发明,其特征在于,激活一控制器或调节器,该控制器或调节器根据车辆的运行状况和所需要的制动参数,单独并依次接通当前电动机和所述以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的制动。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于制动电驱动的车辆的方法,尤其是用于制动通过永磁体励磁的同步电机驱动的有轨车辆的方法。
按照现有技术,有轨车辆的制动通过电-气动的制动装置实现。这种设备在假定不利的环境条件下(例如摩擦系数)基于最大的车辆负载设计。
例如在部分负载时,没有调节的制动将产生超过所需要的减速度。通常,机械的制动器的设定/调节通过取决于负载的制动压力的变化进行。
按照最新的发展状况,用于驱动车辆,尤其是有轨车辆的永磁体励磁的同步电机使用单独的电制动回路。
专利文献DE102004032680A1公开了一种用于电驱动的车辆,尤其是带有一永磁体励磁的同步电机的有轨车辆的电动机制动器,其中,同步电机的端子通过开关与产生制动力矩的装置连接。在此设计为,至少一个产生制动力矩的装置并联一电容器,以便通过同步电机的工作点的改变保证增大的制动功率。
例如,产生制动力矩的装置是可变的制动阻力。
通过永磁体励磁的同步电机与欧姆电阻(R)或欧姆电阻和电容的组合(RC)的连接优化关于同步电机的转速的电动机制动的效果,并且可以实现更可靠的电制动,尤其是对于有轨车辆。
明显不同的边缘条件,如车辆的负载状况,电动机的温度以及尤其是磁体的温度,以及冗余要求,在所述的、永磁体励磁的同步电机的连接的情况下导致,借助固定量值的R或RC不能在所有制动情况下遵守由运行者或标准规定的制动减速度边界值。
在同时激活所有的制动设备时,也就说没有控制的干涉,将在一系列的系统状况下超过减速度的边界值。
这样的性能不能被运行者接受,并且阻碍了用于有轨车辆的可靠的电制动器的使用。
因此,本发明所要解决的技术问题是,直接根据系统状态,也就是说根据前述的车辆的边缘条件优化地设计制动系统的性能,并从而实现舍弃当今在车辆上存在的、完全机械的制动器(与停车状态下的机械驻车制动器不同)。
该技术问题相应通过权利要求1的特征解决,各从属权利要求给出了各种相宜的设计。
按照本发明,为制动电驱动的车辆,尤其是装备有以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的有轨车辆,并且其电动机的驱动通过永磁体励磁的同步电机进行,其中,同步电机的端子通过开关与产生制动力矩的装置连接,激活一控制器或调节装置,其根据车辆的实际运行情况(制动特性)和所需要的制动参数将以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器和当前电动机的制动单独并依次接通。
根据系统结构,不仅每个电动机的制动功率,而且以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的制动功率也可单独地并且相互无关地接通,并从而满足更可靠的总制动功率的要求。
为检测系统状态,例如测定以下车辆的运行参数作为用于控制/调节车辆的总制动功率的输入参数:
- 通过恰当的传感器测量减速度,
- 测量电动机电流并且通过电动机模型计算,
- 测量电动机电压的过零点并通过确定变化(varianzbestimmung)测量减速度,
- 测量电动机功率或中间电路的功率,
- 测量制动阻力的功率,
- 测量转速,
- 温度检测,
- 负载周期检测结合气动弹簧压力检测
根据所检测的运行参数形成实际-特性曲线,并且与一保持所需要的制动参数有效的额定-特性曲线比较。只要存在负的额定-实际-偏差,也就是说低于额定值,在考虑公差带的情况下,通过将电动机接通在R-电路或RC-电路,依次激活各电动机的制动或者以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的制动。
也可以设计为,将一由电动机的转速和车辆的加速度形成的实际-特性曲线与一存储在不可变的存储器中的额定-特性曲线相比较,并且在负的额定-实际-偏差时接通电动机的制动或以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的制动。
相宜地设计一逻辑闭锁机制,其防止同时接通多个制动-部件。
但与之不同,也可以一起接通所有的以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器。
通过单个地并依次接通电的或机械的制动功率,可以控制可用的制动力,并从而平衡边缘条件的影响,如车辆的装载状态,电动机并尤其是磁体的温度的影响。
制动过程按可规定的额定-特性曲线进行。保持制动-减速度的要求的边界值。此外,限制在采取制动时不希望的冲击。
通过本发明可以使用更可靠的电制动器,并因此舍弃当今在车辆上存在的完全机械的制动器,以及在电驱动的车辆的制动时满足舒适的要求和减速的要求。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于制动电驱动的车辆的方法,尤其是装备有以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的有轨车辆,并且其电动驱动通过永磁体励磁的同步电机实现,其中,所述同步电机的端子通过开关与一产生制动力矩的装置连接,其特征在于,激活一控制器或调节器,该控制器或调节器根据车辆的运行状况和所要求的制动参数,逐个并依次接通对于当前所具有的各个电动机和所述以弹簧蓄能器为基础的各个摩擦制动器的制动。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,不仅各个电动机的制动功率,而且所述以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的制动功率也相互无关地接通。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,测定或评估以下一个或多个车辆的运行参数作为用于控制/调节车辆的总制动功率的输入参数或与存储的特性曲线相比较,用于确定额定值-实际值-比较:
-通过恰当的传感器测量减速度,
-测量电动机电流并且电机模型计算,
-测量电动机电压的过零点并通过确定变化测量减速度,
-测量电动机功率或中间电路的功率,
-测量制动阻力的功率,
-测量转速,
-温度检测,
-结合气动弹簧压力检测来检测负载周期。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所检测的运行参数形成一个实际-特性曲线,并且与一个对于遵守所要求的制动参数而言通用有效的额定-特性曲线比较,并且在考虑公差带的情况下,在制动的额定-实际-偏差时接通其它的电动机制动器或以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器。
5.如权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,通过一逻辑的闭锁机制防止同时接通多于一个的制动-部件。
6.如权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,一起接通所有的以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器。
7.如权利要求1至6之一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述各电动机或所述以弹簧蓄能器为基础的摩擦制动器的制动设计为可断开的。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,至少一个所述产生制动力矩的装置并联有一电容器。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102006024239.4 | 2006-05-23 | ||
DE102006024239A DE102006024239A1 (de) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Verfahren zur Bremsung von elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN101454173A true CN101454173A (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNA200780019063XA Pending CN101454173A (zh) | 2006-05-23 | 2007-03-15 | 用于制动电驱动的车辆的方法 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8565992B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2019761B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4990358B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101485757B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101454173A (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0712007A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2653018C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102006024239A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2876192T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI393642B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2007134889A1 (zh) |
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CN102155508A (zh) * | 2011-05-04 | 2011-08-17 | 江苏大学 | 一种永磁制动与摩擦制动相组合的制动器及制动方法 |
CN103895518A (zh) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-07-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种驻车制动控制方法 |
CN110065396A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-30 | 奥迪股份公司 | 用于运行机动车的方法以及机动车 |
CN110531264A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 王磊 | 制动器性能参数检测方法、检测装置及故障预警方法 |
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DE102013222061A1 (de) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-09-25 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Bremsanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge |
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JP2006168460A (ja) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-29 | Advics:Kk | 車両用ブレーキ制御装置 |
JP4742778B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-22 | 2011-08-10 | 株式会社アドヴィックス | 車両用ブレーキ制御装置 |
DE102005012670B4 (de) * | 2005-03-18 | 2007-09-27 | Siemens Ag | Haltebremse für ein gleisgebundenes Triebfahrzeug |
JP2006311791A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-11-09 | Advics:Kk | 車両用ブレーキ制御装置 |
US8608255B2 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2013-12-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle and control method of vehicle |
JP5095955B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-11 | 2012-12-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両およびその制御方法 |
JP4628309B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-18 | 2011-02-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両およびその制御方法 |
JP2007308097A (ja) * | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車両およびその制御方法 |
DE102006051319A1 (de) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Traktionsantrieb eines Schienenfahrzeugs zum Antreiben und zum generatorischen Bremsen mit Lastkorrektur |
-
2006
- 2006-05-23 DE DE102006024239A patent/DE102006024239A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-03-15 ES ES07726918T patent/ES2876192T3/es active Active
- 2007-03-15 EP EP07726918.1A patent/EP2019761B1/de active Active
- 2007-03-15 US US12/227,592 patent/US8565992B2/en active Active
- 2007-03-15 CN CNA200780019063XA patent/CN101454173A/zh active Pending
- 2007-03-15 KR KR1020087031274A patent/KR101485757B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-15 BR BRPI0712007-9A patent/BRPI0712007A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-03-15 JP JP2009511423A patent/JP4990358B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-15 CA CA2653018A patent/CA2653018C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-15 WO PCT/EP2007/052427 patent/WO2007134889A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-03-28 TW TW096110674A patent/TWI393642B/zh active
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102155508A (zh) * | 2011-05-04 | 2011-08-17 | 江苏大学 | 一种永磁制动与摩擦制动相组合的制动器及制动方法 |
CN102155508B (zh) * | 2011-05-04 | 2013-03-13 | 江苏大学 | 一种永磁制动与摩擦制动相组合的制动器及制动方法 |
CN103895518A (zh) * | 2012-12-29 | 2014-07-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种驻车制动控制方法 |
CN103895518B (zh) * | 2012-12-29 | 2016-04-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种驻车制动控制方法 |
CN110065396A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-30 | 奥迪股份公司 | 用于运行机动车的方法以及机动车 |
CN110065396B (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2022-08-02 | 奥迪股份公司 | 用于运行机动车的方法以及机动车 |
CN110531264A (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 王磊 | 制动器性能参数检测方法、检测装置及故障预警方法 |
CN110531264B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-02-15 | 王磊 | 制动器性能参数检测方法、检测装置及故障预警方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100191432A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
CA2653018C (en) | 2015-02-03 |
TWI393642B (zh) | 2013-04-21 |
WO2007134889A1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
JP2009538113A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
US8565992B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
KR20090021287A (ko) | 2009-03-02 |
CA2653018A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
BRPI0712007A2 (pt) | 2012-10-09 |
KR101485757B1 (ko) | 2015-01-26 |
EP2019761B1 (de) | 2021-04-28 |
EP2019761A1 (de) | 2009-02-04 |
DE102006024239A1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
JP4990358B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
TW200800671A (en) | 2008-01-01 |
ES2876192T3 (es) | 2021-11-12 |
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