CN101448839B - 制备紫杉烷衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
制备紫杉烷衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及合成13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰基)-14-β-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14-碳酸酯(I)的改进方法,其中浆果赤霉素骨架的1,14-羟基的碳酸酯化是用二(三氯甲基碳酸酯)进行的并且7-羟基用三氯乙酰基保护。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及紫杉烷衍生物,特别是制备13-(N-Boc-β-异丁基丝氨酰基)-14-β-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14-碳酸酯(I)的方法
发明背景
化合物(I),首次公开于WO01/02407,其特别作用于乳房、肺、卵巢、结肠、前列腺、肾和胰腺肿瘤,同样用于对抗已知的抗肿瘤药物,例如阿霉素、长春碱和某些铂衍生物的情况中。
文献中报道了制备(I)的多种合成方法,包括应用噁唑烷保护的侧链。在US6,737,534中,简单地从欧洲红豆杉(Taxus baccata)叶中易于获得的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(原料)首先在7位和10位上被保护,在13位上被氧化,然后在14位上被羟基化。然后,将邻近的1,14羟基碳酸酯化得到1,14-碳酸酯衍生物是用光气进行的,然后将13-酮基还原为羟基并且从7位和10位上除去保护基,得到10-脱乙酰基-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14碳酸酯,其在10-羟基上选择性乙酰化,转化为7-三乙基甲硅烷基衍生物并且与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应。将三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基保护基除去得到化合物(I)。
WO01/02407公开了两种合成化合物(I)的路线,均以14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(西藏红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana)叶的成分)开始。第一种方法,称为方法(A),包括以下步骤:
(a)将14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III转化为7-三乙基甲硅烷基衍生物;
(b)将1,14羟基碳酸酯化;
(c)将10-羟基乙酰化;
(d)将步骤(c)的产物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应;
(e)从步骤(d)的产物裂解三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基。
第二种方法,称为方法(B),包括以下步骤:
(a’)将14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的10-羟基乙酰化;
(b’)将1,14羟基碳酸酯化;
(c’)将7-羟基硅烷基化;
(d’)将步骤(c’)的产物与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应;
(e’)从步骤(d’)的产物裂解三乙基甲硅烷基和二甲氧基亚苄基。
在方法B中,进行10-羟基的乙酰化,然后保护7位以避免7位和10位形成区域异构体混合物,该区域异构体混合物通常在方法A中出现,在保护了7-羟基之后进行乙酰化。因此,方法B优于方法A,在方法B中具有高度的区域选择性。但是,将方法B放大至数千规模是有麻烦的,因为由于安全的原因,不能将大量的光气装入反应器中,因此步骤(b’)不能通过将14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III加入至光气中而进行。如果将光气改为鼓入14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的溶液中,那么就得到相应量(约7%)的杂质(II)形式。
(II)的形成是由于7-羟基也与光气反应,得到化合物(III)。
因此,当大规模进行碳酸酯化并且将光气鼓入反应器时,化合物(III)与14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III反应,得到(II)。
当较小规模进行方法(B)时也形成该杂质,但是杂质的量低于0.4%。
由于与14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14碳酸酯类似的紧密结构,化合物(II)仅可以通过柱色谱除去,因此尤其是在工业规模上降低了产量并且增加了该方法的耗费。
方法B的进一步的缺点在于在除去TES基团后形成的三乙基甲硅烷基氟化物不能通过结晶和低压柱色谱完全除去,但是必须获得符合药品纯度要求的最终产物。但是,众所周知的是在工业规模上低压柱色谱是麻烦的、昂贵的并且引起了处理和硅胶破坏(被有毒物质污染)问题。
发明描述
现在已经发现通过用二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯代替光气进行步骤(b’)以及用三氯乙酰氯代替三乙基甲硅烷基氯进行步骤(c’)可以克服上述缺点。
因此,本发明涉及制备式(I)化合物的方法
该方法包括以下步骤:
a)将14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(IV)的10-羟基乙酰化
b)将(V)与二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯反应得到1,14碳酸酯衍生物(VI)
c)将(VI)与三氯乙酰氯反应得到(VII)
d)将(VII)与(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸反应得到(VIII)
e)用碱、优选氢氧化铵从化合物(VIII)中除去保护的三氯乙酰基
f)从化合物(IX)中除去二甲氧基亚苄基保护基
根据本发明的优选实施方案,10位的乙酰化(步骤a)是在铈、钪或镱盐、优选CeCl3×7H2O的存在下用乙酸酐进行。步骤b)是在二氯甲烷中,在0℃下,在碱、优选吡啶的存在下用二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯进行。步骤c在适合的溶剂、例如二氯甲烷中,在碱、优选吡啶的存在下,在-10℃下应用三氯乙酰氯进行。用于步骤(d’)的(4S,5R)-N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸可以如WO01/02407中描述的进行制备。步骤d)在无水非极性溶剂、优选二氯甲烷中,在碱、优选4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)和缩合剂、例如二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)的存在下进行,结晶后产生的产物的纯度高于98.5%。7位的三氯乙酰基可以在非酸碱偶极溶剂、例如乙腈或N-甲基吡咯烷酮中用氢氧化铵除去并且通过在水中沉淀分离得到纯度不低于98.5%的产物。最后,将步骤e)的产物用甲醇HCl处理。然后将化合物(I)在乙酸乙酯中结晶,然后在丙酮/己烷中结晶,得到纯度不低于99.9%的固体。
因此,在步骤b)中应用二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯的优势在于防止杂质(II)的形成。在中间体(VII)中应用三氯乙酰氯作为保护基获得了式(VIII)化合物,该化合物易于在甲醇中结晶,纯度高于98.5%,然而7-三乙基甲硅烷基类似物不能在不同的溶剂中结晶。更重要的是,在7位脱保护后形成的三氯乙酰胺通过用氢氧化铵处理可以从化合物(IX)中有效除去,这是由于其在水和乙腈或N-甲基吡咯烷酮的混合物中的溶解度。因此,将二甲氧基亚苄基裂解并且结晶后,获得化合物(I),纯度不低于99.9%。
以下实施例更详细地说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1
14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III(V)(步骤a)
将14β-羟基-10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III(VII)(10kg)悬浮于THF(45L)中并且加入CeCl3×7H2O(0.5kg)。历经20分钟加入乙酸酐(6.6kg)并且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后通过加入水(10L)猝灭。将THF在真空下蒸馏并且将残留物干燥直至水分低于10%,然后在乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到标题化合物,为白色固体(8.2kg,产率85%)。
1H-NMR(300M Hz,CDCl3):1.02(s,3H),1.08(s,3H),1.62(s,3H),1.78(ddd,1H),1.99(d,3H),2.16(s,3H),2.24(s,3H),2.46(ddd,1H),3.43(OH,s),3.73(d,1H),3.89(d,1H),4.18(s,2H),4.35(dd,1H),4.60(dd,1H),4.91(dd,1H),5.73(d,1H),6.28(s,1H),7.39(t,1H),7.52(dt,2H),8.06(d,2H)。
实施例2
14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14-碳酸酯(VI)(步骤b)
将14β-羟基浆果赤霉素III(VIII)(5.0kg)溶于二氯甲烷(48.0L)和吡啶(8.0kg)的混合物中。将反应混合物冷却至-10℃并且历经30分钟加入二(三氯甲基碳酸酯)(5.4kg)的二氯甲烷(32.0L)溶液。通过加入碳酸钠(11.9kg)溶于水(55.0L)中的溶液将反应猝灭并且将产生的双相混合物搅拌1小时,然后用水稀释。将各相分离并且将水相用二氯甲烷(23.8L)萃取。将有机相合并并且用20%盐酸(40L)洗涤,然后用水(30.0L)和盐水(40L)洗涤。在真空下将部分溶剂蒸馏并且将标题化合物(VI)的溶液直接用于下一步骤。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):1.24(s,3H),1.28(s,3H),1.56(OH,s),1.75(s,3H),1.92(ddd,1H),2.13(d,3H),2.60(ddd,1H),2.28(s,3H),2.34(s,3H),2.82(OH,1H),3.76(d,1H),4.25(d,1H),4.34(d,1H),4.46(dd,1H),4.83(d,1H),5.01(dd,1H),5.09(d,1H),6.12(d,1H),6.34(s,1H),7.29(t,1H),7.52(t,2H),8.06(d,2H)。
实施例3
7-三氯乙酰基-14-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14碳酸酯(VII)(步骤c)
在前一步骤的溶液中加入吡啶(2L)并且冷却至-10℃。历经15分钟加入三氯乙酰氯(1.6kg),保持温度在-10和0℃之间。将反应混合物在相同温度下搅拌2小时。通过加入NaHSO4(2kg)的水(20L)溶液将反应猝灭。将各相分离并且将水相用二氯甲烷(2L)萃取。将合并的有机相蒸发至小体积并且加入甲苯(20L)。通过在大气压下蒸馏将溶剂除去直至蒸馏头的温度达到110℃。将标题化合物冷却,结晶为白色固体,将其过滤并且真空干燥。(4.96kg,两步产率85%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):1.20(s,3H),1.28(s,3H),1.93(s,3H),2.03(ddd,1H),2.17(d,3H),2.20(s,3H),2.38(s,3H),2.71(ddd,1H),3.02(d,OH),3.91(d,1H),4.24(d,1H),4.37(d,1H),4.83(d,1H),5.00(dd,1H),5.04(m,1H),5.71(dd,1H),6.17(d,1H),6.44(s,1H),7.52(t,2H),7.66(t,1H),8.04(d,2H)。
实施例4
(7-三氯乙酰基)-13-(N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-5-噁唑烷
基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14-碳酸酯(VIII)(步骤d)
将7-三氯乙酰基-14-羟基浆果赤霉素III-1,14碳酸酯(IV)(4.96kg)和二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)(100g)加入至(4S,5R)-N-Boc-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-1-噁唑烷-5-甲酸(4.0kg)的二氯甲烷(60L)溶液中。将反应混合物冷却至5℃并且历经30分钟加入二环己基碳二亚胺(2.5kg)的二氯甲烷(18L)溶液,得到白色悬浮液,将其搅拌3小时。将DCU过滤并且用二氯甲烷(4L)洗涤。将产生的溶液依次用pH3.5磷酸盐缓冲液(100L)和盐水(50L)洗涤并且加入甲醇,其引起标题化合物(VIII)结晶,将该结晶在60℃下真空干燥(产量:6.9kg,92%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):1.10(d,6H),1.33(s,2H),1.37(s,2H),1.37(s,9H),1.60(m,1H),1.95(s,3H),1.97(m,2H),2.04(ddd,1H),2.16(d,3H),2.20(s,3H),2.34(s,3H),2.68(ddd,1H),3.85(s,3H),3.95(s,3H),4.268d,1h),4.36(d,3H),4.63(m,1H),4.88(d,1H),4.97(dd,1H),5.76(dd,1H),6.19(d,1H),6.46(s,3H),6.50(t,1H),6.50(d,2H),6.53(dd,1H),7.27(d,1H),7.49(t,1H),7.64(t,2H),8.03(d,2H)。
实施例5
13-(N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-5-噁唑烷基)-14β-羟基浆果
赤霉素-1,14-碳酸酯(IX)(步骤e)
将(7-三氯乙酰基)-13-(N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-5-噁唑烷基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14-碳酸酯(VIII)(6.9kg)溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(11L)中。历经10分钟将2M氨水的甲醇(293mL)溶液加入至反应混合物中并且在室温下搅拌45分钟。历经1小时将反应混合物加入至水(110L)中并且搅拌30分钟。将产物过滤并且用水(50L)洗涤。将标题化合物(IX)在60℃下真空干燥(6.14kg,99%)。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):1.09(d,6H),1.30(s,3H),1.37(s,12H),1.72(s,3H),1.79(m,3H),1.85(m,1H),2.04(d,3H),2.26(s,3H),2.31(s,3H),2.55(m,1H),3.76(d,1H),3.83(s,3H),3.88(s,3H),4.23(d,1H),6.53(m,1H),4.30(d,1H),4.45(dd,1H),4.85(d,1H),4.95(dd,1H),6.14(d,1H),6.33(s,1H),6.48(m,1H),6.52(m,2H),7.25(m,1H),7.47(t,2H),7.61(t,2H),8.01(d,1H)。
实施例6
13-(N-Boc-4-异丁基-5-噁唑烷基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14-碳酸酯
(I)(步骤f)
将13-(N-Boc-2-(2,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4-异丁基-5-噁唑烷基)-14β-羟基浆果赤霉素-1,14-碳酸酯(IX)(6.1kg)溶于CH2Cl2(20L)中。将溶液冷却至0℃并且在0℃下滴加入0.5M HCI的甲醇(12L)溶液并且将产生的混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。
将反应混合物倾倒入剧烈搅拌的CH2Cl2(27L)和NaHCO3水溶液(0.6kg在21L水中)的双相混合物中,在加入过程中保持pH在6和7之间。将有机相分离并且将水相用CH2Cl2(2×2L)萃取两次。将有机相蒸发至18L并且加入EtOAc(18L)并且将溶液再次减至体积为18L。将溶液放置结晶过夜。将固体过滤并且用EtOAc(7L)洗涤。将滤液在40℃下真空干燥过夜(4.53kg)。在40℃下将干燥的白色固体溶于丙酮(20L)中并且用正己烷(40L)沉淀。将混合物在室温下放置结晶过夜。将产物过滤,用正己烷洗涤并且真空干燥,得到3.75kg,纯度99.9%。
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):0.95(d,3H),0.96(d,3H),1.21(m,1H),1.25(s,3H),1.32(s,3H),1.35(s,9H),1.43(m,1H),1.65(m,1H),1.69(s,3H),1.86(m,1H),1.87(d,3H),2.22(s,3H),2.40(s,3H),2.52(ddd,1H),3.68(d,1H),4.08(m,1H),4.20(d,1H),4.27(d,1H),4.30(dd,1H),4.37(m,1H),4.72(NH,d),4.84(d,1H),4.91(dd,1H),6.09(d,1H),6.25(s,1H),6.44(d,1H),7.46(m,2H),7.58(m,1H),8.01(m,2H)。
Claims (4)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在步骤d)中碱为氢氧化铵。
4.式(VIII)化合物:
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