CN101444876A - Manual thermit welding electrode and preparation and using methods thereof - Google Patents
Manual thermit welding electrode and preparation and using methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101444876A CN101444876A CNA200810227057XA CN200810227057A CN101444876A CN 101444876 A CN101444876 A CN 101444876A CN A200810227057X A CNA200810227057X A CN A200810227057XA CN 200810227057 A CN200810227057 A CN 200810227057A CN 101444876 A CN101444876 A CN 101444876A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manual thermit welding electrode and preparation and using method thereof which belong to the technical field of welding. A welding compound of the welding electrode comprises a thermit, a slag forming constituent and an alloying agent. Raw materials are weighed according to the proportion and arranged in a ball mill, a grinding ball and a milling medium are added, and the welding compound is obtained by drying after wet grinding; the welding compound is filled in a cylinder which is made of paper, a lead wire is arranged at one end of the cylinder, and the other end is sealed by a plastic plug, thereby forming the thermit welding electrode; the welding electrode is arranged in a sleeve which is made of paper and sealed for preservation. When in use, the sleeve is fixed on the plug at the back end of the welding electrode, the sleeve is held by a hand, and the lead wire at the front end of the welding electrode is ignited, and then the manual welding or cutting operation can be carried out. The welding electrode is small, lightweight and portable, the welding and the cutting operations are simple, rapid and safe, the welding and the cutting operations can be carried out anytime and anywhere, and the welding electrode can be applied in the welding and the cutting of steels, stainless steels or copper alloy materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, particularly a kind of manual thermit welding electrode and preparation and using method.
Background technology
Weld job and cutting operation are two kinds of very important engineer operation modes, often need special electrical equipment during operation.Yet in particular cases at some, for example field work, underground work, and under some extreme cases, under the natural burst fire-disasters such as for example earthquake, freezing sleet disaster, traditional welding and cutting operation often influence the efficiency of operation of speedily carrying out rescue work because carrying heavy equipment, and in most of the cases, because of the paralysis of electric power facility or road above-mentioned two kinds of operations of speedily carrying out rescue work can't be realized at all especially.
Thermite weld is a kind ofly need not provide external heat source, can realize a kind of method of welding.Yet all thermite welds at present all need could realize welding by auxiliary equipment, as weldering bucket or crucible etc.Because the molten product behind the thermit reaction is metal and the Al that restores
2O
3, because Al
2O
3Fusing point far above the fusing point of metal, Al
2O
3To stay among the metal prior to metal freezing, can't separate.Therefore, if not with Al
2O
3From molten metal, remove, then can not realize the thermite weld operation.Solution in the past is by the case of an auxiliary insulation, as weldering bucket or crucible, could realize welding.Its welding process is: among the container of this insulation of at first a large amount of thermites being packed into, afterwards, after a large amount of thermites in the container are lighted, because the insulation effect of container, to discharge huge heat behind a large amount of thermit reactions, fused mass after reaction will maintain very high temperature and not solidify, and wait and leave standstill certain hour, under the gravity effect, the Al that density is lighter
2O
3To float on the metal liquid, but the hole of switch is arranged at the case of this insulation bottom, during welding, with this aligned mother metal to be welded, open switch after, molten metal will go out in the hole to flow out, and weld.
As seen, the process of existing thermite weld is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, when being used for emergency first-aid repair, because need be by auxiliary equipment, so still convenient inadequately.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of manual thermit welding electrode and preparation thereof and using method.
A kind of manual thermit welding electrode is characterized in that, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constitutes the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass to be: CuO powder: 40～50%, Cu
2O powder: 0～10%, NiO powder or Fe
2O
3Powder: 10～15%, Al powder: 10～15%, the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: 10～15%, SiO
2Powder: 5～10%, CaO powder: 0～5%, CaF
2Powder: 0～5%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: 0～2%, Mn powder: 0～2%, Si powder: 0～1%.
A kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode is characterized in that, this method step is:
(1) take by weighing raw material in described ratio, in the ball grinder of packing into, add mill ball by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1, ball-milling medium is ethanol or acetone, and wet-milling is after 12～24 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent 2;
(2) welding agent 2 is inserted diameter 10～20mm, in the cylinder made of paper 3 of length 150～250mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire 4 is installed, the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by a Plastic cap 1 sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed in the sleeve made of paper 5 of a diameter than the big 1～2mm of core diameter, sealing is preserved.
The particle diameter of described raw material is all less than 100 μ m.
Described mill ball is ZrO
2Mill ball.
Described lead-in wire 4 is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse.
A kind of using method of manual thermit welding electrode, it is characterized in that, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasp sleeve, during welding, welding rod is aimed at workpiece to be welded, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction, the molten melt drop that reaction produces are dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carry out weld job, when cutting with thermit welding electrode, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end, the welding rod combustion flame is close to place to be cut, and the heat of self-propagating reaction reaches the purpose of cutting to be cut burn through.
Described weld job when treating weldment thickness≤5mm, makes the welding rod combustion flame apart from treating that weldment 1～5mm welds, when treating weldment thickness〉during 5mm, after getting groove, place to be welded carries out weld job.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) welding rod of the present invention preparation is to be welding heat source with the self-propagating reaction liberated heat, is the weld seam filler with the deposite metal behind the self-propagating reaction, adopts the method for manual welding, finally realizes the firm connection between mother metal to be welded; When using the welding rod cutting, be to serve as that the cutting thermal source makes parts fusing to be cut with the self-propagating reaction liberated heat, this welding, cutting method need not extraneous thermal source and any equipment.
(2) welding rod small volume and less weight can be carried, and welding, easy, quick, the safety of cutting operation can be welded, cutting operation whenever and wherever possible, reliable welding quality, and welding rod can be applicable to the welding and the cutting of steel, stainless steel or Cu alloy material.
(3) the present invention utilizes slag former to thermit reaction product A l by add slag former in thermite
2O
3Fast Absorption and finally form welding slag with it and remove, solved metallic product and Al behind the thermit reaction
2O
3Quick separation and removal problem, the present invention has realized that really a kind of the need weld the method for cutting operation whenever and wherever possible by any auxiliary tools, equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the manual thermit welding electrode schematic diagram;
Number in the figure: 1-plug; The 2-welding agent; 3-cylinder made of paper; The 4-lead-in wire; The 5-sleeve.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of manual thermit welding electrode, thermite is the main component of described welding rod welding agent, and its effect is to utilize the redox reaction (MO+Al → Al that takes place between thermite
2O
3+ M, M represents metallic element, as Cu, Ni, Fe etc.) the huge heat that discharged is used as welding heat source, makes mother metal fusing to be welded, and the metal liquid that utilizes reaction to restore is filled weld seam simultaneously, realizes the welding between two mother metals; Slag former can be implemented in the extremely short time, with Al
2O
3Remove the molten metal after thermit reaction and form welding slag, this welding slag will cover face of weld and play secluding air, the effect of protection weld seam; Alloying constituent in the welding agent can play crystal grain thinning, improves intensity, improves toughness, improves the effect of performances such as corrosion resistance.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1
A kind of manual thermit welding electrode, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constitutes the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass to be: CuO powder: Cu 43%,
2O powder: NiO powder 10%: Al powder 8%: 13%, the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: SiO 13%,
2Powder: CaO powder 9%: 2%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: Mn powder 1%: 1%, raw materials used particle diameter is all less than 100 μ m.
A kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode, this method step is:
(1) takes by weighing raw material in proportion, in the ball grinder of packing into, add ZrO by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1
2Mill ball, ball-milling medium are acetone, and wet-milling is after 24 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent 2;
(2) welding agent 2 is inserted diameter 15mm, in the cylinder made of paper 3 of length 150mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire 4 is installed, going between is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse, and the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by hard and heat-resisting Plastic cap 1 sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed in the sleeve made of paper 5 of a diameter than the big 1mm of core diameter, sealing is preserved, and the manual thermit welding electrode schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.
The thick low carbon steel plate of 3mm is welded, with two low carbon steel plates butt joint horizontal positioned, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasps sleeve, welding rod is aimed at two steel plate junctions, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end with match, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction, the molten melt drop that reaction produces are dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carry out weld job, postwelding, two steel plate joints can reach the one side welding with back formation effect all by through welding.Weld authoritative testing agency " welding National Key Laboratory of Harbin Institute of Technology " according to China and measure, adopt the INSTRON-5569 electronic universal tester to carry out the welding point tension test, the tensile strength of weld seam reaches 285.4MPa, satisfies the weld job requirement.
A kind of manual thermit welding electrode, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constitutes the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass to be: CuO powder: Cu 48%,
2O powder: NiO powder 4%: Al powder 10%: 12%, the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: SiO 11%,
2Powder: CaO powder 10%: 3%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: Mn powder 1%: 1%, raw materials used particle diameter is all less than 100 μ m.
A kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode, this method step is:
(1) takes by weighing raw material in proportion, in the ball grinder of packing into, add ZrO by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1
2Mill ball, ball-milling medium are ethanol, and wet-milling is after 12 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent 2;
(2) welding agent 2 is inserted diameter 19mm, in the cylinder made of paper 3 of length 200mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire 4 is installed, going between is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse, and the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by hard and heat-resisting Plastic cap 1 sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed in the sleeve made of paper 5 of a diameter than the big 2mm of core diameter, sealing is preserved.
The thick low carbon steel plate of 5mm is welded, with two low carbon steel plates butt joint horizontal positioned, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasps sleeve, welding rod is aimed at two steel plate junctions, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end with match, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction, the molten melt drop that reaction produces are dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carry out weld job, postwelding, two steel plate joints can reach the one side welding with back formation effect all by through welding.
A kind of manual thermit welding electrode, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constitutes the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass to be: CuO powder: Cu 44%,
2O powder: Fe 4%,
2O
3Powder: Al powder 12%: 15%, the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: SiO 15%,
2Powder: CaO powder 6%: 2%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: Mn powder 1%: 1%, raw materials used particle diameter is all less than 100 μ m.
A kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode, this method step is:
(1) takes by weighing raw material in proportion, in the ball grinder of packing into, add ZrO by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1
2Mill ball, ball-milling medium are acetone, and wet-milling is after 18 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent 2;
(2) welding agent 2 is inserted diameter 18mm, in the cylinder made of paper 3 of length 250mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire 4 is installed, going between is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse, and the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by hard and heat-resisting Plastic cap 1 sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed into a diameter than in the big slightly sleeve made of paper 5 of core diameter, sealing is preserved.
The thick low carbon steel plate of 3mm is welded, with two low carbon steel plates butt joint horizontal positioned, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasps sleeve, welding rod is aimed at two steel plate junctions, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end with match, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction, the molten melt drop that reaction produces are dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carry out weld job, postwelding, two steel plate joints can reach the one side welding with back formation effect all by through welding.
Embodiment 4
A kind of manual thermit welding electrode, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constituting the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass is: CuO powder: NiO powder 47%: Al powder 15%: 13%, and the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: SiO 10%,
2Powder: CaO powder 8%: CaF 2%,
2Powder: 2%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: Mn powder 2%: 1%, raw materials used particle diameter is all less than 100 μ m.
A kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode, this method step is:
(1) takes by weighing raw material in proportion, in the ball grinder of packing into, add ZrO by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1
2Mill ball, ball-milling medium are acetone, and wet-milling is after 20 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent 2;
(2) welding agent 2 is inserted diameter 20mm, in the cylinder made of paper 3 of length 220mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire 4 is installed, going between is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse, and the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by hard and heat-resisting Plastic cap 1 sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed into a diameter than in the big slightly sleeve made of paper 5 of core diameter, sealing is preserved.
The thick 1Cr18Ni9Ti Austenitic of 3mm corrosion resistant plate is welded, with two low carbon steel plates butt joint horizontal positioned, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasps sleeve, welding rod is aimed at two steel plate junctions, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end with match, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction, the molten melt drop that reaction produces are dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carry out weld job, postwelding, two stainless steel plate joints can reach the one side welding with back formation effect all by through welding.
A kind of manual thermit welding electrode, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constitutes the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass to be: CuO powder: Cu 40%,
2O powder: NiO powder 10%: Al powder 10%: 13%, the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: SiO 13%,
2Powder: CaO powder 9%: 2%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: Mn powder 1%: Si powder 1%: 1%., raw materials used particle diameter is all less than 100 μ m.
A kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode, this method step is:
(1) takes by weighing raw material in proportion, in the ball grinder of packing into, add ZrO by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1
2Mill ball, ball-milling medium are acetone, and wet-milling is after 14 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent 2;
(2) welding agent 2 is inserted diameter 16mm, in the cylinder made of paper 3 of length 180mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire 4 is installed, going between is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse, and the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by hard and heat-resisting Plastic cap 1 sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed into a diameter than in the big slightly sleeve made of paper 5 of core diameter, sealing is preserved.
The thick H62 brass alloys of 3mm plate is welded, with two copper alloy plates butt joint horizontal positioned, it is preheated to 250 ℃, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasp sleeve, welding rod is aimed at two copper alloy plate junctions, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction with match, the molten melt drop that reaction produces is dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carries out weld job, postwelding, two copper alloy plate joints can reach the one side welding with back formation effect all by through welding.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of manual thermit welding electrode is characterized in that, the welding rod welding agent is made up of thermite, slag former and alloying constituent, constitutes the composition of thermite and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass to be: CuO powder: 40～50%, Cu
2O powder: 0～10%, NiO powder or Fe
2O
3Powder: 10～15%, Al powder: 10～15%, the composition of formation slag former and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: B
2O
3Powder: 10～15%, SiO
2Powder: 5～10%, CaO powder: 0～5%, CaF
2Powder: 0～5%, the composition of formation alloying constituent and the percentage that each composition quality accounts for the welding agent gross mass are: Fe powder: 0～2%, Mn powder: 0～2%, Si powder: 0～1%.
2, a kind of preparation method of manual thermit welding electrode is characterized in that, this method step is:
(1) take by weighing raw material in described ratio, in the ball grinder of packing into, add mill ball by ratio of grinding media to material 1:1, ball-milling medium is ethanol or acetone, and wet-milling is after 12～24 hours, and oven dry promptly obtains welding agent (2);
(2) welding agent (2) is inserted diameter 10～20mm, in the cylinder made of paper (3) of length 150～250mm, at cylinder one end lead-in wire (4) is installed, the other end promptly constitutes thermit welding electrode by a Plastic cap (1) sealing;
(3) welding rod is packed in the sleeve made of paper (5) of a diameter than the big 1～2mm of core diameter, sealing is preserved.
3, the preparation method of a kind of manual thermit welding electrode according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described raw material is all less than 100 μ m.
4, the preparation method of a kind of manual thermit welding electrode according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described mill ball is ZrO
2Mill ball.
5, the preparation method of a kind of manual thermit welding electrode according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described lead-in wire (4) is common fireworks and firecrackers fuse.
6, a kind of using method of manual thermit welding electrode, it is characterized in that, sleeve is fixed on the plug of welding rod rear end, grasp sleeve, during welding, welding rod is aimed at workpiece to be welded, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end, welding rod generation heat release thermit reaction, the molten melt drop that reaction produces are dropped in the position to be welded of workpiece and carry out weld job, when cutting with thermit welding electrode, light the lead-in wire of welding rod front end, the welding rod combustion flame is close to place to be cut, and the heat of self-propagating reaction reaches the purpose of cutting to be cut burn through.
7, the using method of a kind of manual thermit welding electrode according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described weld job, when treating weldment thickness≤5mm, make the welding rod combustion flame apart from treating that weldment 1～5mm welds, when treating weldment thickness〉during 5mm, after getting groove, place to be welded carries out weld job.
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|---|---|---|---|
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| CN102699521A (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-10-03 | 天津大学 | Simple electroless welding pen and preparation method of electroless welding pen |
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| US4568813A (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1986-02-04 | Andersen Leonard M | Electrode for arc welding and method for underwater welding |
| CN1019364B (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1992-12-09 | 鞍山钢铁公司 | Deposit-metal-type thermit for welding-up ingot mould |
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