CN103639589B - A kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method - Google Patents
A kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103639589B CN103639589B CN201310707568.2A CN201310707568A CN103639589B CN 103639589 B CN103639589 B CN 103639589B CN 201310707568 A CN201310707568 A CN 201310707568A CN 103639589 B CN103639589 B CN 103639589B
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- steel
- powder
- bloom
- solder flux
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K23/00—Alumino-thermic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/361—Alumina or aluminates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method.By by aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section clean, between the gap in aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place one piece of steel disc of polishing in advance; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole is aimed at slit centers, self-propagating solder flux is put into graphite crucible, light the pyrophoric powder on self-propagating solder flux surface, the react liquation that produces of self-propagating solder flux flows into gap between aluminium block and bloom from the aperture bottom graphite crucible, steel disc melted by heat, namely completes the welding of aluminium-steel after being cooled to room temperature.The self-propagating solder flux adopted is by containing mass percent being the Al powder of 22 ~ 28%, the Fe of 62 ~ 68%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 4 ~ 7% and the slag former composition of 3 ~ 6%.The present invention is simple to operate, device simple, stable reaction, safe and reliable, raw material is extensive, with low cost, the joint slag inclusion of gained is few, and aluminum steel combination is metallurgical binding, and quality is good, have commercial introduction be worth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials processing and manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method.
Background technology
Aluminium, as the argenteous light metal of one, has excellent ductility, is also the metallic element that in the earth's crust, content is maximum simultaneously, thus has important development prospect in fields such as aviation, building, automobiles.Steel, with its cheap price and reliable performance, becomes and uses one of maximum material, is all indispensable composition in the life of building industry, manufacturing industry and people.In conjunction with excellent properties and the application prospect of aluminium and steel, the welding between For Dissimilar Materials Aluminium just becomes a large focus naturally.But because the performance of aluminium and steel is totally different, fusing point differs greatly, and is therefore faced with very large technological challenge in the middle of the welding of reality.
At present, in aluminum steel welding, the maximum method of traditional use is friction welding (FW), explosive welding (EW) and soldering.In these welding methods, the technics comparing being inevitably faced with welding is complicated, and welding cost is relatively high, the problem that energy resource consumption proportion is larger.The method of a kind of oxy-acetylene welding aluminum steel as described in patent 92113206.9, although speed of welding is fast, operation is relatively simple, and the consumption of the energy is larger.As patent 200610152657.5 provides a kind of explosion welding method of aluminum steel dissimilar metal, although can realize the large-area aluminum steel welding of high-quality, production technology is relatively complicated.As patent 201010108154.4 provides a kind of aluminum steel welding method of flux-cored arc welding, although the strength of welded joint obtained is high, the cost welded on the whole is still relatively high.
In fact, traditional aluminum steel welding manner, except needs overcome above several defect, also needs the associativity problem considering the welding point obtained.Because the thermophysical property of aluminium and steel is totally different, solid solubility is lower, easily intermetallic compound is formed while formation alloy, which results in the degradation problem of aluminum steel welding point, and the welding point formed is that mechanical bond or this problem of metallurgical binding do not give strong description of test.Therefore, in order to improve the intensity in aluminum steel welding street corner, welding procedure must be improved, the way being used in the preset one deck aluminium in steel surface in patent 200910072270.2 reduces the growing amount of interface compound really, improve the quality of welding to a certain extent, but the welding manner of the method uses MIG welding, cost is not given control.In patent 201310367501.9, utilize the mode of hot aluminizing at steel surface coverage one deck aluminium, realize the metallurgical binding of aluminum steel self-propagation seal, but SnO in the formula of the method use
2and Cu
2the economy of O is not high, cost is not given control.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the many disadvantages overcoming conventional aluminum steel welding method, provides a kind of equipment simple, easy and simple to handle, with low cost and realizes the aluminum steel welding method of aluminium-steel welded joint metallurgical binding.
A kind of aluminium-steel exothermic welding method, comprises the following steps:
By aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section clean, between the gap in aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place one piece of steel disc of polishing in advance; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole is aimed at slit centers, solder flux is put into graphite crucible, light the pyrophoric powder on solder flux surface, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows into the gap between aluminium block and bloom from the aperture bottom graphite crucible, steel disc melted by heat, namely completes the welding of aluminium-steel after being cooled to room temperature.
Graphite base is had below described aluminium block and bloom; Aluminium block and have graphite cushion block containing through hole between bloom and graphite crucible; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole sheet metal blocks.
Described steel disc, its thickness is 3mm.
Described solder flux comprises the component of following mass percent: the Al powder of 22 ~ 28%, the Fe of 62 ~ 68%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 4 ~ 7% and the slag former of 3 ~ 6%.
Described Al powder, its fineness is 200 orders.
Described pyrophoric powder is gunpowder or magnesium powder.
Described slag former is CaF
2, NaF or KF.
The present invention adopts the SHS process of aluminium and iron oxide to react, and this reaction produces a large amount of heats and generates a large amount of iron liquid, and iron liquid flow in welding groove, realizes the welding of aluminium-steel, and Fig. 1 is device schematic diagram used in the present invention.The Fe used in reaction
2o
3than SnO
2and Cu
2o is a kind of cheapness and efficient aluminum heat flux.In Welding Structure, at the thin bloom of the aluminium preset del in surface, the face of weld of aluminium is mainly protected in effect, due to temperatures as high more than 2,000 degree of the SHS process reaction of aluminium and iron oxide, close to the boiling point of aluminium, the iron liquid of high-temperature like this directly contacts with aluminium block, cause the embrittlement of aluminium block to be inclined to and seriously and easily cause directly burning of aluminium block, aluminium and steel can not normally be combined, the partial heat of iron liquid is absorbed at the preset thin bloom in aluminium surface, the temperature on aluminium surface is made to be unlikely to too high, reduce the embrittlement tendency of aluminium block, improve the associativity of aluminium and steel, upside-down triangle shape design meets iron liquid and flows to the thermodynamics regularity of distribution that temperature in welding groove successively decreases gradually from top to down.The object adding Si powder is the mobility increasing iron liquid, realizes the good separation of slag liquid; The CaF added
2, NaF or KF effect mainly with react the Al that generates
2o
3form loose porous and low-density slag, absorption portion heat in course of reaction, make course of reaction tend towards stability with gently; Be close to aluminium block and place the del bloom that one piece of thickness is 3mm.
The present invention, by the preset thin bloom in aluminium surface, uses SHS technology to weld aluminum steel, utilizes the heat reacting and produce, metal is filled in fusing, fill metal to flow in filling slot, make aluminium and steel realize metallurgical binding, aluminum steel dissimilar metal is welded together.The Fe used in reaction
2o
3relatively cheap, cost is under control.Experimental facilities of the present invention is simple, and with low cost, gained aluminium-steel welded joint is metallurgical binding joint.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
1. the present invention is reasonable in design, and structure is simple.The del bloom that a thickness is 3mm is placed in aluminium block side, absorbs partial heat, decreases embrittlement and the scaling loss of aluminium; Inverted triangular shape design meets iron liquid and flows down the Thermodynamic Law that temperature declines gradually.
2. the present invention is simple to operate, device simple.Simple to operate, required step is for taking powder, mixed-powder, filling powder, igniting reaction.Device simple, the graphite jig of equipment needed thereby mainly charge material, without the need to other main equipments.
3. stable reaction of the present invention, safe and reliable.CaF is added in reaction
2whole course of reaction is tended to be steady, can not be too violent.Adding Si makes the iron liquid mobility of reacting generation fine, can not be stuck in slag.
4. raw material of the present invention is extensive, with low cost.Al, Fe needed for reaction
2o
3, Si, CaF
2be all the more common raw material in laboratory, and be very easy to obtain, cost is also quite cheap simultaneously.
5. welding point slag inclusion of the present invention is few, metallurgical binding, and quality is good.The slag former added in reaction, makes slag liquid well be separated, improves the quality of welding point, and achieve the metallurgical binding at aluminum steel interface.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph at the aluminum steel welding point place of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the energy spectrogram at the aluminum steel welding point place of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further detailed description is done to the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.If no special instructions, the chemicals used in following embodiment is AR.
Embodiment 1
Polish clean by aluminium block to be welded identical for area of section and bloom cross section, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place place the steel disc be of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, and thickness is 3mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and slit centers aims at the through hole bottom graphite crucible; Have graphite base below aluminium block and bloom, aluminium block and have graphite cushion block containing through hole between bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole sheet metal blocks.Mass percent is respectively the Al powder (fineness is 200 orders) of 22%, the Fe of 68%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 7% and the CaF of 3%
2powder is loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, sprinkle one deck gunpowder on solder flux surface, light magnesium rod to ignite gunpowder with igniter, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, steel disc is melted, after being cooled to room temperature, namely completes the welding of aluminium-steel.By after aluminium-steel joint sample preparation of welding, carry out scanning electron microscope analysis and the power spectrum test of joint, scanning electron microscope analysis result as shown in Figure 2, as can be seen from Figure 2, the associativity of welding point place mother metal and weld seam is excellent, does not have obvious crackle, and the slag inclusion of commissure is relatively less.Power spectrum test result as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen from the change of EDX relative integral intensity, achieves good metallurgical binding between mother metal and weld metal.
Embodiment 2
Polish clean by aluminium block to be welded identical for area of section and bloom cross section, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place place the steel disc be of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, and thickness is 3mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and slit centers aims at the through hole bottom graphite crucible; Have graphite base below aluminium block and bloom, aluminium block and have graphite cushion block containing through hole between bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole sheet metal blocks.Mass percent is respectively the Al powder (fineness is 200 orders) of 24%, the Fe of 66%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 6% and the NaF powder of 4% are loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, sprinkle one deck magnesium powder on solder flux surface, light magnesium rod to ignite magnesium powder with igniter, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, by steel disc, after being cooled to room temperature, namely complete the welding of aluminium-steel.
Embodiment 3
Polish clean by aluminium block to be welded identical for area of section and bloom cross section, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place place the steel disc be of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, and thickness is 3mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and slit centers aims at the through hole bottom graphite crucible; Have graphite base below aluminium block and bloom, aluminium block and have graphite cushion block containing through hole between bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole sheet metal blocks.Mass percent is respectively the Al powder (fineness is 200 orders) of 26%, the Fe of 64%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 5% and the KF powder of 5% are loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, sprinkle one deck gunpowder on solder flux surface, light magnesium rod to ignite gunpowder with igniter, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, steel disc is melted, after being cooled to room temperature, namely completes the welding of aluminium-steel.
Embodiment 4
Polish clean by aluminium block to be welded identical for area of section and bloom cross section, between aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place place the steel disc be of moderate size of having polished in advance, the cross sectional shape of steel disc is del, and thickness is 3mm; Aluminium block and bloom are positioned under graphite crucible according to shown in Fig. 1, and slit centers aims at the through hole bottom graphite crucible; Have graphite base below aluminium block and bloom, aluminium block and have graphite cushion block containing through hole between bloom and graphite crucible, graphite crucible bottom through-hole sheet metal blocks.Mass percent is respectively the Al powder (fineness is 200 orders) of 28%, the Fe of 62%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 4% and the NaF powder of 6% are loaded in meal mixer, mix formation solder flux, then solder flux is put into graphite crucible, slightly after compacting solder flux, sprinkle one deck gunpowder on solder flux surface, light magnesium rod to ignite gunpowder with igniter, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows directly into the gap between aluminium block and bloom by the aperture of crucible bottom, steel disc is melted, after being cooled to room temperature, namely completes the welding of aluminium-steel.
Above embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail, but ratio of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that one skilled in the relevant art possesses, can also makes a variety of changes under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (5)
1. aluminium-steel exothermic welding method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
By aluminium block to be welded and the polishing of bloom cross section clean, between the gap in aluminium block and bloom cross section to be welded, be close to aluminium block place one piece of steel disc of polishing in advance; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole is aimed at slit centers, solder flux is put into graphite crucible, light the pyrophoric powder on solder flux surface, the liquation that solder flux generation self-propagating reaction produces flows into the gap between aluminium block and bloom from the aperture bottom graphite crucible, steel disc melted by heat, namely completes the welding of aluminium-steel after being cooled to room temperature.
2. aluminium according to claim 1-steel exothermic welding method, is characterized in that, has graphite base below aluminium block and bloom; Aluminium block and have graphite cushion block containing through hole between bloom and graphite crucible; Graphite crucible bottom through-hole sheet metal blocks.
3. aluminium according to claim 1-steel exothermic welding method, is characterized in that, described steel disc, and its thickness is 3mm.
4. aluminium according to claim 1-steel exothermic welding method, is characterized in that, described solder flux comprises the component of following mass percent: the Al powder of 22 ~ 28%, the Fe of 62 ~ 68%
2o
3powder, the Si powder of 4 ~ 7% and the slag former of 3 ~ 6%.
5. aluminium according to claim 4-steel exothermic welding method, is characterized in that, described Al powder, and its fineness is 200 orders; Described pyrophoric powder is gunpowder or magnesium powder; Described slag former is CaF
2, NaF or KF.
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| CN106736038B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-09-20 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminum steel Thermofusion welding agent |
| CN113798746A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-17 | 成都亿开伟业科技开发有限公司 | Device and method for welding high-melting-point metal and low-melting-point metal and application |
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