CN101438037A - 内燃机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents

内燃机的排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN101438037A
CN101438037A CNA2007800161196A CN200780016119A CN101438037A CN 101438037 A CN101438037 A CN 101438037A CN A2007800161196 A CNA2007800161196 A CN A2007800161196A CN 200780016119 A CN200780016119 A CN 200780016119A CN 101438037 A CN101438037 A CN 101438037A
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exhaust gas
gas purifying
purifying device
nox
fuel
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CN101438037B (zh
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吉田耕平
广田信也
浅沼孝充
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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Abstract

一种内燃机的排气净化装置,在第1排气净化装置(1)实施升温控制时,使第2排气净化装置(2)不会升温至预设温度以上。

Description

内燃机的排气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的排气净化装置。
背景技术
实施稀燃的内燃机如柴油机已经广泛被熟知,在这种内燃机的排气通道中,串联配置用于净化NOx的NOx吸收还原催化装置和位于NOx吸收还原催化装置的下游并用于净化微粒的微粒过滤器的方案已经被公开(例如,特开2005-90256、特开2005-133610、特开平7-243322、特开平11-200852、特开平10-252455以及特开平6-117221)。
如果在微粒过滤器上搭载NOx吸收催化剂,能够吸收NOx并进行还原净化的同时,NOx吸收催化剂还起到活性氧释放剂的功能,通过从NOx吸收催化剂释放的活性氧,在低温下能够氧化净化所捕集的微粒。但是,如内燃机加速运行时的,当大量的微粒被微粒过滤器一次性捕集时,仅通过从NOx吸收催化剂释放的活性氧有时不能充分氧化净化所捕集的微粒。这样,微粒堆积量会逐渐增加,当微粒过滤器中堆积了预设量以上的微粒时,微粒过滤器的排气阻力将对内燃机输出产生负面影响,因此,当微粒过滤器堆积了预设量的微粒时,需要强制燃烧并去除堆积的微粒,为此,必须将微粒过滤器升温至约600℃。
这种微粒过滤器的升温控制,一般是在膨胀冲程或排气冲程中,向汽缸内喷射附加燃料,或在NOx吸收还原催化装置的上游向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料。这种升温控制的附加燃料,在通过NOx吸收还原催化装置时,由搭载于NOx催化剂还原催化装置的氧化催化剂并使用废气中的氧进行燃烧,将通过此燃烧热升温至600℃以上的废气流入微粒过滤器中,从而使微粒过滤器升温。
这样,每次对微粒过滤器进行升温控制时,NOx吸收还原催化装置也同时被升温至600℃以上,致使NOx吸收还原催化装置发生热老化。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种内燃机的排气净化装置,使配置在微粒过滤器等需要进行预设温度(例如600℃)以上升温控制的第1排气净化装置上游侧的NOx吸收还原催化装置等第2排气净化装置,不会由于第1排气净化装置的升温控制而发生热老化。
本发明权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,具备:第1排气净化装置,需要预设温度以上的升温控制;第2排气净化装置,被配置于所述第1排气净化装置的上游侧,在所述第1排气净化装置中实施所述升温控制时,避免所述第2排气净化装置升温至所述预设温度以上。
本发明权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置为,如权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在所述第1排气净化装置和所述第2排气净化装置之间具备用于供给燃料的燃料供给装置,通过所述第1排气净化装置所搭载的氧化催化剂或位于所述第1排气净化装置正上游侧的氧化催化装置所搭载的氧化催化剂,对由所述燃料供给装置供给的燃料进行燃烧,从而在所述第1排气净化装置实施所述升温控制,并在实施所述升温控制时,避免所述第2排气净化装置升温至所述预设温度以上。
本发明权利要求3所述的内燃机的排气净化装置为,如权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在所述第1排气净化装置中实施所述升温控制且所述氧化催化剂未达到活性温度时,从所述第2排气净化装置的上游侧供给少于自所述燃料供给装置供给的燃料量的少量燃料,通过所述第2排气净化装置的氧化功能燃烧所述少量燃料使废气升温,通过升温了的废气使所述氧化催化剂升温至活性化温度以上之后,再由所述燃料供给装置供给燃料。
本发明权利要求4所述的内燃机的排气净化装置为,如权利要求1至3的任意一项所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述第2排气净化装置为NOx吸收还原催化装置,为了在所述NOx吸收还原催化装置中释放吸收的NOx并进行还原净化,当流入到所述NOx吸收还原催化装置的废气的空燃比处于理论空燃比或浓空燃比时,在所述第1排气净化装置中实施所述升温控制。
本发明权利要求5所述的内燃机的排气净化装置为,如权利要求1至4的任意一项所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述第1排气净化装置为搭载活性氧释放剂的微粒过滤器,除了所述升温控制之外,另由所述燃料供给装置供给燃料,使单位时间内流入微粒过滤器的微粒量越多所述微粒过滤器的温度越高。
本发明权利要求6所述的内燃机的排气净化装置为,如权利要求1至5的任意一项所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述第2排气净化装置为NOx吸收还原催化装置,在所述NOx吸收还原催化装置的上游侧配置有用于吸收废气中的SOx的S捕集装置。
根据本发明权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其具备:第1排气净化装置,需要预设温度以上的升温控制;第2排气净化装置,被配置于所述第1排气净化装置的上游侧,在第1排气净化装置中实施升温控制时,第2排气净化装置不会升温至预设温度以上。由此,第2排气净化装置不会因第1排气净化装置的升温控制而发生热老化。
根据本发明权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其在权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,在第1排气净化装置和第2排气净化装置之间具备用于供给燃料的燃料供给装置,通过第1排气净化装置所搭载的氧化催化剂或位于第1排气净化装置正上游侧的氧化催化装置所搭载的氧化催化剂,对由所述燃料供给装置供给的燃料进行燃烧,从而通过在第2排气净化装置的下游侧产生的燃料的燃烧热,使第1排气净化装置被升温至预设温度以上。因此,第2排气净化装置不会因第1排气净化装置的升温控制而被升温至预设温度以上。
根据本发明的权利要求3所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,在权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,在第1排气净化装置中实施升温控制且氧化催化剂未达到活性温度时,将少于燃料供给装置向第1排气净化装置和第2排气净化装置之间供给的燃料量的少量燃料,从第2排气净化装置的上游侧供给,通过第2排气净化装置的氧化功能燃烧少量燃料使废气升温,通过升温了的废气使氧化催化剂升温至活性化温度以上之后,再由燃料供给装置供给燃料。因此,第2排气净化装置即使由于少量燃料的燃烧而温度上升,也不会升温至预设温度以上,而第1排气净化装置则可以良好的升温至设定温度以上。
根据本发明权利要求4所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,在权利要求1至3的任意一项所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,第2排气净化装置为NOx吸收还原催化装置,为了在NOx吸收还原催化装置中释放吸收的NOx并进行还原净化,当流入到NOx吸收还原催化装置的废气的空燃比为理论空燃比或浓空燃比时,在作为第2排气净化装置的NOx吸收还原催化装置中,废气中的HC使用废气中的氧及从释放的NOx中获得的还原氧进行燃烧,因而此燃烧热可以用于第1排气净化装置的升温控制,此时通过在第1排气净化装置中实施升温控制,可以减少升温控制所用的能量。
根据本发明权利要求5所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,在权利要求1至4的任意一项所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,第1排气净化装置为搭载活性氧释放剂的微粒过滤器,除了升温控制之外,另通过燃料供给装置向微粒过滤器和第2排气净化装置之间供给燃料,使单位时间内流入微粒过滤器的微粒量越多微粒过滤器的温度就越高。由此,单位时间内流入微粒过滤器的微粒量越多,微粒过滤器的温度就会越高,从而单位时间内从活性氧释放剂释放的活性氧的量越多,因此,能够良好的氧化去除被微粒过滤器捕集到的微粒,不易堆积预设量的微粒,从而可以减少对微粒过滤器进行升温控制的概率。
根据本发明权利要求6所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,在权利要求1至5的任意一项所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,第2排气净化装置为NOx吸收还原催化装置,在NOx吸收还原催化装置的上游侧配置有用于吸收废气中的SOx的S捕集装置。因此,SOx不会被吸收到NOx吸收还原催化装置,从而NOx吸收还原催化装置中不需要用于使吸收SOx释放的升温控制,也就不会产生伴随此升温控制的热老化。
附图说明
图1为本发明的内燃机排气净化装置的内燃机排气系统示意图。
图2为微粒过滤器的升温控制的流程图。
图3为表示搭载活性氧释放剂的微粒过滤器中的,微粒过滤器的温度与可氧化去除的微粒量之间关系的曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1为本发明的内燃机排气净化装置的内燃机排气系统的示意图。内燃机为,如柴油机这种实施稀燃的内燃机,在其废气中含有较多的NOx和微粒。由此,在内燃机排气系统中,配置有用于净化微粒的微粒过滤器1,在微粒过滤器1的上游侧串联配置有用于净化NOx的NOx吸收还原催化装置2。
微粒过滤器1为,例如,由如堇青石的多孔材料形成的呈蜂窝构造的壁流型,具有被多个沿轴线方向延设的分隔壁分割的多个轴线方向空间。相邻接的两个轴线方向空间中,通过栓,使一方在排气下游侧被封闭,另一方在排气上游侧被封闭。这样,相邻接的两个轴线方向空间的一方成为废气的流入通道,另一方成为流出通道,废气必须通过分隔壁。虽然废气中的微粒与分隔壁上的细孔的尺寸相比非常小,但是它会碰撞到分隔壁的排气上游侧表面及分隔壁内的细孔表面上,从而被捕集。微粒过滤器为能够氧化去除被捕集的微粒的装置,因此,在分隔壁的两侧表面上,以及优选在分隔壁内的细孔表面上也使用氧化铝等,搭载下文将详细说明的活性氧释放剂和贵金属催化剂。
所谓活性氧释放剂,是通过释放活性氧来促进微粒氧化的物质,优选为,当周围存在过剩的氧时其吸取并保存氧,并且当周围的氧浓度降低时,其将保存的氧以活性氧的形式释放的物质。
活性氧释放剂,例如,可以作为NOx吸收催化剂。NOx吸收催化剂为,例如从钾K、钠Na、锂Li、铯Cs等碱金属,钡Ba、钙Ca等碱土类金属,镧La、钇Y等稀土类中选出的至少一种。此NOx吸收催化剂,当流入的已燃气体的空燃比过稀时,即氧的浓度高时吸收NOx,当空燃比变为理论空燃比或过浓时,即氧的浓度降低时,将吸收的NOx释放,进而发挥NOx的吸收释放作用。伴随此NOx的吸收释放,活性氧被释放,此活性氧能够在不发生光焰的情况下,氧化去除微粒。作为氧化催化剂发挥功能的贵金属催化剂,通常采用铂Pt。
但是,在作为活性氧释放剂被搭载于微粒过滤器1时,作为NOx吸收催化剂,优选使用离子化趋势比钙Ca更强的碱金属或碱土类金属,例如钾K。由此,避免废气中的钙Ca成为难以被氧化去除的硫酸钙CaSO4而在在微粒过滤器上作为灰分残留。
NOx吸收还原催化装置2具有,使用氧化铝等来搭载所述NOx吸收催化剂和如铂Pt的贵金属催化剂的整体式载体或颗粒载体。这样,废气中的NOx被NOx吸收还原催化装置2所吸收,但是,即使存在从NOx吸收还原催化装置2流出的NOx,此NOx也会被微粒过滤器1所吸收,因此,能够充分降低向大气中释放的NOx的量。
另外,NOx吸收催化剂如果维持在约550℃以下,则几乎不会发生热老化。但是,如果处在高于550℃的温度,会由于热老化而致使NOx吸收能力降低,例如,如果在630℃下维持10小时,特别是低温侧的NOx吸收能力将下降至约80%。
微粒过滤器1如前文所述,能够通过从活性氧释放剂释放的活性氧,自动将捕集的微粒氧化去除。但是,如在加速运行时那样从发动机释放大量微粒时,有时活性氧的量不足以将其全部氧化去除,在微粒过滤器中将会堆积微粒。此堆积微粒如果达到预设量,微粒过滤器1的排气阻力将对内燃机输出产生负面影响,因此,当在微粒过滤器1中堆积了预设量的微粒时,需要使堆积微粒强制燃烧以进行去除,因此,需要将微粒过滤器1升温至微粒的燃烧温度,约600℃为止。
为了判断出微粒过滤器1中是否堆积了预设量的微粒,例如,可以通过检测微粒过滤器的上游侧和下游侧的差压来判断。此差压如果为预设值以上,则可以判断为已经堆积了预设量以上的微粒。
微粒过滤器1的升温控制通常为,在膨胀冲程或排气冲程中向汽缸内喷射附加燃料,或在NOx吸收还原催化装置2的上游侧向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料。这种升温控制时的附加燃料,在其通过NOx吸收还原催化装置2时,由搭载于NOx催化剂还原催化装置2的氧化催化剂并使用废气中的氧而被燃烧,将通过此燃烧热升温至600℃以上的废气流入微粒过滤器1,从而使微粒过滤器1升温。
这样,每次实施微粒过滤器1的升温控制时,虽然搭载于微粒过滤器1的NOx吸收催化剂的热老化无法避免,但是NOx吸收还原催化装置2也同时被升温至600℃以上,致使搭载于NOx吸收还原催化装置2的NOx吸收催化剂也发生热老化。
为了防止这种NOx吸收还原催化装置2的热老化,在本实施形态中,实施微粒过滤器1的升温控制时,通过配置于NOx吸收还原催化装置2和微粒过滤器1之间的第1燃料供给装置RI,向内燃机排气系统供给使微粒过滤器1升温至约600℃所需量的附加燃料。这样供给的附加燃料,通过搭载于微粒过滤器1的氧化催化剂并使用废气中的氧而被燃烧,使微粒过滤器1升温。提供附加燃料后的废气的空燃比,优选为比理论空燃比稀,以使附加燃料良好的燃烧,因此,优选为,在如内燃机高转速高负载等废气量很多时,实施升温控制。在这种升温控制中,配置于微粒过滤器1的上游侧的NOx吸收还原催化装置2,由于完全不会被升温,所以不会发生热老化。
在微粒过滤器1未搭载活性氧释放剂时,废气中的微粒将一直在微粒过滤器1中堆积,当用前文所述的方法判断出微粒过滤器1中已经堆积了预设量的微粒时,或者根据车辆行驶距离或车辆行驶时间等,定期实施升温控制。在这种升温控制中,如果微粒过滤器1搭载了氧化催化剂,与前文所述同样地从第1燃料供给装置RI供给附加燃料即可。当微粒过滤器1未搭载氧化催化剂时,在微粒过滤器1的正上游侧配置搭载氧化催化剂的氧化催化装置,从配置于NOx吸收还原催化装置2和微粒过滤器1之间的第1燃料供给装置RI,向氧化催化装置的上游侧供给附加燃料。
但是,NOx吸收催化剂,通过与吸收NOx同样的机理吸收废气中的SOx。搭载NOx吸收催化剂的NOx吸收还原催化装置2,不能无限制的吸收NOx,其具有最大可吸收NOx量。当吸收SOx时,会使此最大可吸收NOx量相应地降低。由此,在SOx吸收量达到预设量时,需要进行释放所吸收的SOx的恢复处理。由于SOx以稳定的硫酸盐被吸收,因此恢复处理需要进行将NOx吸收还原催化装置升温至约650℃的升温控制。
此升温控制为,在膨胀冲程或排气冲程向汽缸内喷射附加燃料,或通过配置于NOx吸收还原催化装置2的上游侧的第2燃料供给装置FI向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料。这种升温控制的附加燃料,在NOx吸收还原催化装置2中通过氧化催化剂并使用废气中的氧被燃烧,通过此燃烧热使NOx吸收还原催化装置2升温至约650℃。接着,通过向汽缸内追加的附加燃料或由第2燃料供给装置FI供给的附加燃料,使流入NOx吸收还原催化装置2的废气的空燃比成为理论空燃比或浓空燃比,从而不仅释放NOx吸收还原催化装置2所吸收的NOx,也释放SOx,这样被释放的NOx及SOx,通过废气中的HC及CO等还原物质被还原净化。
通过这种恢复处理中的升温控制,NOx吸收还原催化装置2虽然会发生热老化,但是由于能够防止微粒过滤器1的升温控制所导致的热老化,因此与之前相比,能够抑制NOx吸收还原催化装置2的热老化。但是,NOx吸收还原催化装置2的恢复处理的热老化并不是好事,本实施形态中,在NOx吸收还原催化装置2的上游侧配置有用于吸收废气中的SOx的S捕集装置3。S捕集装置3具有与NOx吸收还原催化装置2基本相同的构造,优选为,搭载有大量的用于吸收SOx的NOx吸收催化剂。
这样,当S捕集装置3被配置于NOx吸收还原催化装置2的上游侧时,废气中的SOx将几乎全都被S捕集装置3所吸收,因此不会被NOx吸收催化装置2吸收,故不需要NOx吸收催化装置2的恢复处理。由此,能够防止由恢复处理的升温控制导致的NOx吸收催化装置2的热老化。在S捕集装置3中,虽然除了SOx之外NOx也被吸收,但是在SOx流入时,其代替NOx被吸收,从而变为只吸收SOx。不实施从S捕集装置3释放SOx的恢复处理,当SOx被吸收至最大可吸收SOx量时,替换新的S捕集装置3。
这样,NOx吸收还原催化装置2中只有NOx被吸收,在NOx吸收量达到最大可吸收NOx量之前,实施用于释放所吸收的NOx的再生处理。例如,预先对每个内燃机运转状态的单位时间内的NOx排放量进行映射,累计各内燃机运转状态下的NOx排放量,则此累计值可以作为NOx吸收还原催化装置2的NOx吸收量。当此NOx吸收量达到预设值时,可判断为到了NOx吸收还原催化装置2的再生时间。也可以不用这种方法判断再生时间,每隔预设车辆行驶时间或每隔预设车辆行驶距离实施再生处理。
在再生处理中,通过向汽缸内追加的附加燃料或由第2燃料供给装置FI供给的附加燃料,使流入NOx吸收还原催化装置2的废气的空燃比成为理论空燃比或浓空燃比。此时,在S捕集装置3及NOx吸收还原催化装置2中,通过氧化催化剂,附加燃料使用废气中的氧而被燃烧,使废气中的氧浓度下降。如果使废气的空燃比变为理论空燃比或浓空燃比时所需的附加燃料很多,通过附加燃料的燃烧,NOx吸收还原催化装置2将升温至发生热老化的程度,因此,在实施再生处理时,优选为,在如低转速低负载时这种废气量较少的时候实施。
如果废气中的氧浓度降低,则被S捕集装置3以及NOx吸收还原催化装置2吸收的NOx被释放,释放的NOx被废气中的还原物质还原净化,从而完成再生处理。为了进行再生处理,用于在NOx吸收还原催化装置2的上游侧上向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料的第2燃料供给装置FI,虽然配置于S捕集装置3的上游,但是由于S捕集装置3的再生处理并非必需,因此也可以将其配置在S捕集装置3的下游。
即使在这种NOx吸收还原催化装置2的再生处理中,由于附加燃料的燃烧使废气的温度升高,因此也会使微粒过滤器1升温。由此,如果配合微粒过滤器1的升温控制来实施NOx吸收还原催化装置2的再生处理,或者,配合NOx吸收还原催化装置2的再生处理来实施微粒过滤器1的升温控制,则能够节约微粒过滤器1的升温控制所需的能量。
图2为用于进行微粒过滤器1的升温控制的流程图。首先,在步骤101中,当在微粒过滤器1中堆积了预设量的微粒时,对是否需要进行燃烧此堆积微粒的升温控制进行判断。当此判断为否定时,流程就此结束;当此判断为肯定时,在步骤102中,对搭载于微粒过滤器1的氧化催化剂(或被配置于微粒过滤器1正上游侧的氧化催化装置的氧化催化剂)的温度T1是否在活性温度T以上进行判断。例如,可以对流入微粒过滤器1(或氧化催化装置)的废气温度进行估计或测定,并将此废气温度作为氧化催化剂的温度T1使用。
当步骤102的判断为肯定时,在步骤103中,如前文所述,通过被配置于微粒过滤器1与NOx吸收还原催化装置2之间的第1燃料供给装置RI向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料,从而实施微粒过滤器1的升温控制。但是,当微粒过滤器1的氧化催化剂的温度T1在活性温度T以下时,即使供给附加燃料,也不能使附加燃料燃烧。
由此,当步骤102的判断为否定时,在步骤104中,对搭载于NOx吸收还原催化装置2的氧化催化剂的温度T2是否在活性温度T以上进行判断。由于NOx吸收还原催化装置2的位置比微粒过滤器1更接近内燃机主体,因此,其温度比微粒过滤器1高。但是,当步骤104的判断为否定时,无法实施微粒过滤器1的升温控制,流程就此结束。
另一方面,当步骤104的判断为肯定,NOx吸收还原催化装置2的氧化催化剂的温度T2在活性温度T以上时,在步骤105中,实施向汽缸内附加燃料,或者通过配置于NOx吸收还原催化装置2的上游侧的第2燃料供给装置FI向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料,并通过NOx吸收还原催化装置2的氧化催化剂燃烧附加燃料。
将通过此燃料燃烧而升温的废气流入微粒过滤器1,从而使微粒过滤器1的氧化催化剂的温度T1升温至活性温度T。由于在NOx吸收还原催化装置2燃烧的附加燃料,只需将微粒过滤器1升温至氧化催化剂的活性温度T即可,因此该燃料量较之在微粒过滤器1的升温控制中的通过第1燃料供给装置RI供给的燃料量少。由此,避免了NOx吸收还原催化装置2被该燃烧热升温至热老化的温度(约550℃以上)。
这样,如果微粒过滤器1的氧化催化剂的温度T1被升温至活性温度T以上,则步骤102的判断变为肯定,通过被配置于微粒过滤器1和NOx吸收还原催化装置2之间的第1燃料供给装置RI向内燃机排气系统供给附加燃料,从而实施微粒过滤器1的升温控制。将由第1燃料供给装置RI供给的附加燃料量设为,使微粒过滤器1升温至预设温度所必需的最少量,流入微粒过滤器1的废气的温度越高,此附加燃料量越少。这样,能够切实的实施微粒过滤器1的温度控制。
图3为,表示使活性氧释放剂搭载于微粒过滤器1时,微粒过滤器1的温度TF与单位时间内的可氧化去除的微粒量G之间的关系的曲线图。
铂及活性氧释放剂随着微粒过滤器1的温度升高被活性化,因此,单位时间内从活性氧释放剂所释放的活性氧的量随着微粒过滤器的温度TF升高而增大。当然,微粒自身的温度越高,越容易被氧化去除。因此,微粒过滤器1中在单位时间内,不发生光焰地可氧化去除的微粒量,即可氧化去除的微粒量G随着微粒过滤器的温度TF升高而增大。
在图3中,将单位时间设定为1秒,但是也可以采用1分钟、10分钟等任意时间。无论怎样,在微粒过滤器1上单位时间内不发生光焰地可氧化去除的可氧化去除的微粒量G随着微粒过滤器1的温度升高而增大。
在本实施形态中,对微粒过滤器1的温度TF进行控制,以使单位时间内可氧化去除的微粒量G大于当前的单位时间内从发动机排出的微粒量M。
即,对微粒过滤器1的温度进行估计或测定,当此微粒过滤器1的温度较低,单位时间内可氧化去除的微粒量G少于当前的单位时间内从发动机排出的微粒量M时,由第1燃料供给装置RI供给附加燃料,通过微粒过滤器1的氧化催化剂使附加燃料燃烧,使微粒过滤器1升温,从而使单位时间内可氧化去除的微粒量G多于当前的单位时间内从发动机排出的微粒量M。此时,优选为,第1燃料供给装置RI仅供给最少必需量的燃料,从而节约燃料。
由此,被微粒过滤器1捕集到的微粒,在短时间(最长数分钟)内被氧化去除,在微粒过滤器1中几乎不会堆积微粒。由此,能够充分降低对微粒过滤器1进行升温控制的概率。
在所述实施形态中,对NOx吸收还原催化装置2被串联配置在微粒过滤器1的上游侧的情况进行了说明,但是本发明并不仅限于此,只要是在如微粒过滤器这种需要进行预设温度(例如,600℃)以上的升温控制的第1排气净化装置的上游侧,串联配置如NOx吸收还原催化装置这种会发生热老化的第2排气净化装置,作为第1排气净化装置及第2排气净化装置可以考虑任意的排气净化装置的组合。尤其是,第2排气净化装置,优选为不需要进行会导致其自身被热老化的升温控制。例如,第2排气净化装置也可以采用三元催化装置。此外,第1排气净化装置也可以采用需要进行恢复处理的NOx吸收还原催化装置。
此外,第1排气净化装置及第2排气净化装置,虽然均可以配置于车辆的地板下面,但是也可以仅将上游的第2排气净化装置配置于发动机舱内。

Claims (6)

1、一种内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,具备:
第1排气净化装置,需要进行预设温度以上的升温控制;
第2排气净化装置,被配置于所述第1排气净化装置的上游侧,
在所述第1排气净化装置实施所述升温控制时,避免所述第2排气净化装置被升温至所述预设温度以上。
2、如权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在所述第1排气净化装置和所述第2排气净化装置之间具备用于供给燃料的燃料供给装置,通过所述第1排气净化装置所搭载的氧化催化剂或位于所述第1排气净化装置正上游侧的氧化催化装置所搭载的氧化催化剂,对由所述燃料供给装置供给的燃料进行燃烧,从而在所述第1排气净化装置实施所述升温控制,并在实施所述升温控制时,避免所述第2排气净化装置升温至所述预设温度以上。
3、如权利要求2所述内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,在所述第1排气净化装置中实施所述升温控制且所述氧化催化剂未达到活性温度时,从所述第2排气净化装置的上游侧供给少于自所述燃料供给装置供给的燃料量的少量燃料,通过所述第2排气净化装置的氧化功能燃烧所述少量燃料使废气升温,通过升温了的废气使所述氧化催化剂升温至活性化温度以上之后,再由所述燃料供给装置供给燃料。
4、如权利要求1至3的任意一项所述内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述第2排气净化装置为NOx吸收还原催化装置,为了在所述NOx吸收还原催化装置中释放吸收的NOx并进行还原净化,当流入到所述NOx吸收还原催化装置的废气的空燃比处于理论空燃比或浓空燃比时,在所述第1排气净化装置中实施所述升温控制。
5、如权利要求1至4的任意一项所述内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述第1排气净化装置为搭载有活性氧释放剂的微粒过滤器,除了所述升温控制之外,另由所述燃料供给装置供给燃料,使单位时间内流入微粒过滤器的微粒量越多所述微粒过滤器的温度越高。
6、如权利要求1至5的任意一项所述内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述第2排气净化装置为NOx吸收还原催化装置,在所述NOx吸收还原催化装置的上游侧配置有用于吸收废气中的SOx的S捕集装置。
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