CN101426714B - 用于导向、保持及调节缆索的自动系统 - Google Patents

用于导向、保持及调节缆索的自动系统 Download PDF

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CN101426714B
CN101426714B CN2006800542901A CN200680054290A CN101426714B CN 101426714 B CN101426714 B CN 101426714B CN 2006800542901 A CN2006800542901 A CN 2006800542901A CN 200680054290 A CN200680054290 A CN 200680054290A CN 101426714 B CN101426714 B CN 101426714B
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steel rope
maintenance
lead
hoisting crane
automatic system
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CN101426714A (zh
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M·A·塔维奥迪亚斯
M·比尔切斯比尔切斯
A·伊尔拉娜马托斯
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APM Terminals Algeciras SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/24—Operating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/101—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means for containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B66C1/663—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof for containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/20—Control systems or devices for non-electric drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
    • B66C19/002—Container cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D3/00—Portable or mobile lifting or hauling appliances
    • B66D3/006—Power actuated devices operating on ropes, cables, or chains for hauling in a mainly horizontal direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/16—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes for action on ropes or cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
    • B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
    • B66D5/24—Operating devices
    • B66D5/26—Operating devices pneumatic or hydraulic

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Leg Units, Guards, And Driving Tracks Of Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

用于装载集装箱的钢丝绳的紧固件承受很大的应力，导致使用坚固的螺旋式夹紧装置。目前装在这种起重机上用于保持钢丝绳的系统是保持螺旋式夹紧装置。这是一个更多用途和更灵活的系统，它以楔形机构为基础，使能自动并瞬时(遥控)启动。该组件包括滑动夹具、所述夹具的致动装置、必要的辅助导向系统和调节钢丝绳的张紧装置。该技术方案使有可能：在伸臂升起的情况下进行钢丝绳的更换操作，因此使船舶能动作并使相邻起重机能操作；减少钢丝绳替换的时间；和使用紧固元件(夹具)和张紧机构作为调节支线长度的机构。有可能瞬时地修正用于导向、保持和调节钢丝绳的自动系统的扩张器可能的不对准。

Description

用于导向、保持及调节缆索的自动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及集装箱运输及移动的领域，以及用于起重机的钢丝绳。
背景技术
集装箱运输起重机中的吊重索用于提升负载、提升臂并在最常见的变型中平移滑车。这种绳索是粗径非常长的钢丝绳，没有拼接，承受强大的负载，而且必须定期更换。绳索通过固定楔形终端及固定拧紧的夹具或夹持器紧固。
绳索更换操作(提升负载)通常需要很多时间并且在起重机臂的水平位置进行。这种情况妨碍了邻近船只和起重机的动作：阻碍停靠动作并改变起重机的位置，而使绳索的更换操作延长。
绳索必须拉紧，使得扩张器(接合元件)正确地与集装箱对准且在同一水平。由于绳索的紧固是固定的，所以上述操作在时间和人力方面成本很高。
考虑的技术问题
绳索更换操作需要起重机保持不动相当长的时间。在该动作期间，必需除去所有的绳索紧固点并允许这些紧固点尽可能轻易地穿过起重机。
在码头起重机和臂的位置产生妨碍其余操作的问题：船只动作及其它起重机的定位。
在臂的端部紧固绳索要求使用拆卸/装配夹具的设备和工具。该区域对于人员来说空间不大；要顶风持续干活，并由于物体下落面临很多问题而且还有高空作业常有的其它危险。
发明内容
公开了一种使能自动、即时和遥控的致动系统。
组件(图1)包括滑动夹具(图2)，这些夹具的致动装置、另外的导向系统和用于张紧绳索的自动张紧装置。
所述夹具(图2)以楔形机构为基础，该楔形机构具有合适的形状和角度，以便自锁，不损坏绳索而施加足够的压力、并且用比夹具支承的绳索的应力低得多的力来致动。如果夹具致动器失效，则绳索与楔形物之间的摩擦力要将该楔形物保持在闭合状态。
自动操作及在竖直位置的臂使必需更好地引导绳索的运动。张紧装置又增大滑轮上的力；因此，所述滑轮及其支承轴必须增强。
附图说明
图1示出装置的布置图。
图2是图1的细节，示出操作位于打开位置的夹具的可能性。
具体实施方式
本建议系统(图1)要求绳索每端有自动夹具。仅仅需要使用一个张紧装置，不过，可以设计具有独立张紧装置或用于夹具的共用致动器的变型。
系统包括四个夹具：每端一个，带有它们相应的致动器。夹具由两个滑动楔形物和一个刚性壳体形成。致动器被控制，使得它能闭合或打开楔形物。
滑轮引导绳索，从而防止夹具接受横向应力，并防止绳索摩擦或受到严重弯曲。另外，形成的松弛部分有助于张紧绳索和调平扩张器，所述扩张器借助于张紧装置增加或降低绳索的运动，并有选择地闭合相应的夹具。
图1示出装置的布置图。图中示出采用液压缸的张紧装置和四个夹具的直接线性配置。应当提出的是，这只是许多可能变型(气缸、螺线管、电动机、蜗轮传动装置等)中的一个变型。
带有另外的导向装置的滑轮设置成使两个绳索维持在平行平面中，而在它们在负载作用下没有相互摩擦的可能性。
张紧装置有比较宽的行程，通过设置内滑轮提高张紧装置的效果。
外滑轮维持绳索与夹具的轴线之间的同轴性。
通过改变元件之间的顺序，改变夹具或张紧装置的数目，或将张紧装置置于其它方向并借助于滑轮、螺栓或其它合适的元件维持导向来得到本建议系统的直接变型。
图2是图1的细节，示出操作位于打开位置的夹具的可能性。在壳体内有两个独立的楔形物，在斜面上滑动。楔形物的致动器是液压缸，液压缸的杆被置于靠近夹具的轴线，以将弯曲应力减至最小。
壳体很坚固，因为必须承受住往往会打开其侧壁的强大法向力。尽管有许多其它可能性，但示出有两个拧紧在一起的被铣削的板的变型。
所示附图与具体的实施例相对应。五个致动器是形成同一回路的部分的液压缸。液压站(未示出)布置在同一区域内。
活动楔形物有两个显然不同的面。外壁在壳体上滑动并被校正以便减小摩擦。内壁支撑绳索并在其中加工有凹槽，使得两个夹具的闭合是六角形的，在绳索上有四个压力区，以便防止损坏绳索。该壁是滚花的，以保证夹紧并在致动失效的情形下导致自锁。
壳体具有专门的凹槽，以便在该楔形物移动到横向地相互接近时，使销能移动楔形物。
具有另外导向装置的滑轮被设置成使两个绳索保持在平行平面中，而没有当绳索在负载作用下相互摩擦的可能性。滑轮的框架及其支承轴被计算以抵抗全部绳索负载(假设夹具完全断裂)。
由于经济、空间及简单的原因，在本实施例中采用了单一张紧装置，但这不是本建议系统的主要特点。
几乎所有的元件都受到重大负载，并使这些元件面临恶劣的气候条件。因此设计具有合适特点的钢制元件。

Claims (11)

1.一种在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，该系统包括：
·自锁夹具，所述钢丝绳的每端具有至少一个所述自锁夹具；
·至少一个张紧元件；和
·用于引导钢丝绳的滑轮。
2.按照权利要求1所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，所述自锁夹具包括一刚性壳体，在所述刚性壳体内有两个独立的滑动楔形物。
3.按照权利要求2所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，所述滑动楔形物包括一外壁和一内壁，所述外壁在刚性壳体上滑动，所述内壁支撑钢丝绳。
4.按照权利要求3所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，在刚性壳体上滑动的外壁被校正以减小摩擦。
5.按照权利要求3所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，支撑钢丝绳的内壁以凹槽形式进行了机加工以防止损坏钢丝绳，并具有滚花以保证夹紧，从而在致动失效的情况下造成自锁。
6.按照权利要求2所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，刚性壳体具有凹槽，以便当该滑动楔形物被移动到横向地相互接近时，使销能移动所述滑动楔形物。
7.按照权利要求1所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，滑轮包括另外的导向装置，以维持钢丝绳平行，而当钢丝绳处于负载作用下时没有相互摩擦的可能性。
8.按照权利要求1或7所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，滑轮被设置成防止钢丝绳摩擦或受到严重弯曲以及自锁夹具接受横向应力。
9.按照权利要求1至7中任一项所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，该系统包括用于张紧元件和自锁夹具的液压缸。
10.按照权利要求8所述的在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动系统，其特征在于，该系统包括用于张紧元件和自锁夹具的液压缸。
11.一种借助权利要求1至10中任一项所述的自动系统在起重机中用于导向、保持及张紧钢丝绳的自动方法，其特征在于，该方法包括下列步骤：
·提升臂；
·固定或松开钢丝绳；
·张紧钢丝绳；
·调平或对准扩张器。
CN2006800542901A 2006-03-06 2006-07-20 用于导向、保持及调节缆索的自动系统 Expired - Fee Related CN101426714B (zh)

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CN104454823B (zh) * 2014-11-28 2016-05-11 苏州中拓专利运营管理有限公司 一种滑动定位组合连接件
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RU208418U1 (ru) * 2021-08-10 2021-12-17 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "СИБИРСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ" Зажимное приспособление
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RU2408526C2 (ru) 2011-01-10
JP2009528964A (ja) 2009-08-13
EP1992585A1 (en) 2008-11-19
WO2007101893A1 (es) 2007-09-13
CU23728A3 (es) 2011-10-31
CA2645051A1 (en) 2007-09-13
MA31129B1 (fr) 2010-02-01
ZA200807611B (en) 2009-06-24
CN101426714A (zh) 2009-05-06
EP1992585A4 (en) 2012-07-18
AU2006339674A1 (en) 2007-09-13
KR20090006082A (ko) 2009-01-14
BRPI0621388A2 (pt) 2011-12-06
RU2008139429A (ru) 2010-04-20
NO20084149L (no) 2008-10-02
MX2008011370A (es) 2008-09-24
US20090134646A1 (en) 2009-05-28
ES2308882B1 (es) 2009-11-27
NZ571048A (en) 2011-07-29

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