CN101426640B - 拉伸层压体、制造方法及吸收制品 - Google Patents

拉伸层压体、制造方法及吸收制品 Download PDF

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CN101426640B
CN101426640B CN2007800146726A CN200780014672A CN101426640B CN 101426640 B CN101426640 B CN 101426640B CN 2007800146726 A CN2007800146726 A CN 2007800146726A CN 200780014672 A CN200780014672 A CN 200780014672A CN 101426640 B CN101426640 B CN 101426640B
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layer
absorbent article
film
stretch laminate
ground floor
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CN101426640A (zh
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托德·L·曼斯菲尔德
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种拉伸层压体，该拉伸层压体包括包含弹性体膜的第一层和包含非织造材料的第二层，所述第一层具有表面；所述第二层具有连接到所述第一层的表面上的表面。在约1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的约2.5N/cm以内，并且不依赖于机械活化而存在。本发明还提供了制造所述拉伸层压体的方法和具有由所述拉伸层压体限定的至少一个区域的吸收制品。

Description

拉伸层压体、制造方法及吸收制品
发明领域
本公开整体涉及拉伸层压体及其制造方法，以及涉及使用所述拉伸层压体制造的吸收制品，例如尿布、裤或类似制品。
发明背景
一次性吸收制品例如尿布设计用于容纳身体渗出物例如尿液，以防止脏污穿着者的衣服和/或其他物品(例如床、椅子、毯子等)。制品对穿着者身体的贴合性在保证这些废物被容纳而不渗漏方面很重要。制品对穿着者身体的贴合性可能受到尿布腰部开口的尺寸、围绕大腿的开口尺寸和尿布的长度或“节距”的影响。
一次性吸收制品也被设计为具有高性价比。即，如果每件制品的成本太高，一般消费者对于使用这些设计为一次性使用的产品可能会改变主意。因此，制造商一般制造此类制品供具有各种体型的个人使用，所述体型可由宽标准来分类，例如重量。
应当认识到，制造适形于各种体型的制品的需求与使制品紧密贴合使用者从而容纳废物和限制渗漏的愿望相冲突。
制造商试图平衡适当贴合性与体型变化之间的利益冲突的一种方法是使用可扩展材料。一组此类材料被称为拉伸层压体。顾名思义，这些材料实际上就是例如通过使用粘合剂层压在一起的单独组分的复合材料。典型的拉伸层压体试图结合内层与外层，所述内层由具有良好弹性的材料限定以适应不同的体型，所述外层由织物状材料限定以满足使用者对外观和感觉的期望。
这就出现了一个复杂问题：众所周知，这些拉伸层压体非常难以制造。人们付出了相当大的努力来提出制造拉伸层压体的新方法。具体地讲，相当数量的专利讨论制造这些层压体的难度和制备这些层压体必须进行的重要和广泛的步骤。某些专利提出了在层压前采取的步骤，例如“颈部粘合层压体”。其他专利提出了在层压后采取的步骤，例如在环轧辊中“活化”。还有一些专利提出作为层压过程的一部分对内层进行特殊处理，例如在层压期间将内层保持为拉伸构型。制造成本也与此类重要和广泛预加工、后加工或处理步骤而同时显著增加。
因此，希望提供新的拉伸层压体和制造拉伸层压体的方法。具体地讲，希望提供由较简单的制造方法制造的较廉价的层压体。
发明概述
在一个方面，拉伸层压体包括包含弹性体膜的第一层和包含非织造材料的第二层；所述第一层具有表面，所述第二层具有连接到所述第一层的表面上的表面。在约1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的约2.5N/cm之内，并且不依赖于机械活化而存在。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种制造拉伸层压体的方法，所述方法基本上由提供弹性体膜和将非织造层连接到弹性体膜上组成。在约1.5的工程应变时，按本方法制造的拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的约2.5N/cm之内，并且不依赖于机械活化而存在。
在另一方面，本发明提供了一种具有腰区和裆区的吸收制品，所述制品包括具有纵向轴线的底片、连接到所述底片上且具有面向身体的表面的顶片、设置在所述底片和顶片之间的吸收芯、以及限定所述吸收制品的至少一个区域的拉伸层压体。所述拉伸层压体包括包含弹性体膜的第一层和包含非织造材料的第二层；所述第一层具有表面，所述第二层具有连接到所述第一层的表面上的表面。在约1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的约2.5N/cm之内，并且不依赖于机械活化而存在。
具体地，本发明公开以下内容：
一种具有腰区和裆区的吸收制品，所述制品包括：
具有纵向轴线的底片；
连接到所述底片上并具有面向身体的表面的顶片；
设置在所述底片和所述顶片之间的吸收芯；和
设置在腰区中的一对侧片；
所述侧片与底片连接并由拉伸层压体制成，所述拉伸层压体包括：
包含弹性体膜的第一层，所述第一层具有表面，
包含非织造材料的第二层，所述第二层具有连接到所述第一层的表面上的表面，和
包含非织造材料的第三层，所述第三层具有表面，所述表面在与所述第二层相对的表面上连接到所述第一层上；
在1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的2.5N/cm以内，并且不依赖于机械活化而存在；
其中所述弹性体膜是无皮层的，以及其中通过施用粘合剂将所述第一层、第二层和第三层组合，以便使其方向一致。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中在1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的1N/cm以内。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中对于介于0.5至2.5之间的工程应变，所述层压体具有0.1或更高的能量恢复值。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中对于介于1.5和2.5之间的工程应变，所述膜具有0.1或更高的能量恢复值。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，所述拉伸层压体包括设置在所述第一层和所述第二层之间以及设置在所述第一层和所述第三层之间的粘合剂。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中扣件连接到所述侧片上。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中用于所述层压体的粘合剂作为连续层施用。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中用于所述层压体的粘合剂作为不连续的图案施用，所述不连续的图案包括线、螺旋或斑点。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中将所述第一层、第二层和第三层组合时，用辊对层压体施加压力以赋予层压体0.5N/cm的适当剥离强度。
如本申请所述的吸收制品，其中所述拉伸层压体的第二层和第三层为选自以下的非织造材料：SM(纺粘-熔喷)、SMS(纺粘-熔喷-纺粘)和SMMS(纺粘-熔喷-熔喷-纺粘)非织造材料。
本公开的其它方面由本专利的权利要求书限定。
附图概述
虽然在说明书之后提供了特别指出和清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书，但是据信通过下面的描述并结合附图可以更好地理解本发明。为了更清楚地显示其它元件，某些附图可能已通过省略选择的元件进行简化。在任何示例性实施方案中，除了在相应的文字说明书明白无误的描述之外，某些附图中元件的此类省略并不一定代表具体元件存在或不存在。所有附图均未必按比例绘制。
图1A为如本公开所述的拉伸层压体的第一实施方案的侧视图；
图1B为如本公开所述的拉伸层压体的第二实施方案的侧视图；
图2示出了对样品进行测试的结果，所述测试的目的是确定它们是否满足为图1A、1B的拉伸层压体所设定的拉伸强度标准；
图3为示例性吸收制品的平面图，所述制品包括由图1A、1B的拉伸层压体制成的部分，并且顶片的一部分被移除以暴露下面的吸收芯；并且
图4为图3的吸收制品的透视图，其中的吸收制品以其松弛、收缩状态显示，即具有由弹性构件引起的收缩。
发明详述
定义
如本文所用，下列术语具有以下含义：
“吸收制品”是指吸收容纳液体的装置，更具体地讲是指紧贴或邻近穿着者的身体放置以吸收和容纳各种由身体排放的渗出物的装置。
术语“粘合剂粘结”或“粘合剂层压”是指其中使用粘合剂将弹性构件粘合到非织造材料上的层压体。
术语“连接”是指用适用于被连接在一起的元件及其组分材料的任何方法，通过扣紧、粘附、粘结等连接或结合起来的元件。很多将元件连接到一起的合适方法已为人们所熟知，包括粘合剂粘合、压力粘合、热粘结、机械扣紧等。此类连接方法可用来在特定区域上连续地或间断地将元件连接到一起。
术语“尿布”是指通常被婴儿和失禁者围绕下体穿着的吸收制品，并且该制品的一般形态为片，其不同部分被扣紧在一起以环绕穿着者的腰部和腿部。
术语“一次性的”是指通常不旨在被洗涤或还原或作为吸收制品再次使用的吸收制品，即它们旨在单次使用后即被丢弃，并优选地将被回收利用、堆肥处理、或换句话讲以环境相容的方式处理。
术语“设置”是指一个(些)元件与其它元件一起作为一体结构或者作为接合到另一个元件上的单独元件形成(接合和定位)在特定地点或位置。
术语“内部”和“外部”分别是指当吸收制品被穿用时旨在顶靠或朝向穿着者身体放置的元件的位置，和旨在顶靠或朝向在吸收制品上穿用的任何衣物放置的元件的位置。“内部”和“外部”的同义词分别包括“里面”和“外面”以及“内侧”和“外侧”。当吸收制品的取向使其内面向上时，例如当其展开准备让穿着者处于其上面时，同义词也分别包括“上部”和“下部”以及“顶部”和“底部”。
术语“接合”是指这样一些构型：通过将一个元件直接连接到另一个元件上从而使该元件直接固定到另一元件上；也包括这样一些构型：通过将一个元件连接到中间构件上，然后再把中间构件连接到其它元件上，从而使该元件间接固定到另一元件上。
术语“侧向”或“横向”是指与纵向成90度角的方向，并且包括横向±45°内的方向。
术语“纵向”是指平行于制品最大线性尺寸的方向，并且包括纵向±45°内的方向。
术语“大孔”是指材料具有的孔太大而不能进行流体的毛细管传送，一般具有直径大于约0.5mm的孔，更具体地讲具有直径大于约1.0mm的孔。术语“微孔”是指能够通过毛细管作用来传输流体的材料。
术语“裤”是指通常被婴儿和失禁者围绕下体穿用的吸收制品，并且该制品的一般形态为一对裤，无需解开就可以将该内裤应用到穿着者身上或从穿着者身上移除。可通过将穿着者的腿伸入腿部开口并将裤提拉到围绕穿着者下体的位置来将裤定位到使用者身上合适的位置。虽然本文使用术语“裤”，但裤通常也称为“闭合尿布”、“预紧固尿布”、“套穿尿布”、“训练裤”和“尿布裤”。
术语“可重复扣紧的”是指两个元件能够可释放地连接、分开并且随后可释放地再连接而无实质性的永久性变形或破裂的特性。
术语“可释放地连接”、“可释放地接合”以及它们的变体是指两个元件被连接或可连接，使得在没有分离力被施加到一个或两个元件上时元件趋于保持连接，并且元件能够分离而无实质性的永久性变形或破裂。所需的分离力通常超过在穿用吸收性衣服时所遭遇的力。
拉伸层压体和制造方法
图1A示出了如本公开所述的拉伸层压体20的一个实施方案。根据此实施方案，层压体20可包括三层：第一层或内层22与第二层和第三层或外层24、26。然而，根据其它实施方案，层压体20'可只包括两层：第一层和第二层22’、24’，如图1B所示。
第一层、第二层和第三层22、24、26可相互连接到一起。例如，可将粘合剂设置在层22、24、26之间，如在30、32所示。应当认识到，粘合剂30可初始设置在层22的表面40或层24的表面42上，粘合剂32可类似地初始设置在层22的相对表面44或层26的表面46上。装配时，粘合剂30使表面40(并因此使层22)连接到表面42(并因此连接到层24)上，而粘合剂32使表面44(并因此使层22)连接到表面46(并因此连接到层26)上。
尽管层22、24、26似乎相互完全覆盖，但不必在所有实施方案中均如此。例如，层24、26可延伸超出层22并且在层24、26延伸超出层22之处可相互连接。作为另外一种选择，层24、26可不延伸到层22的边界。同样，尽管粘合剂30、32在图中似乎为连续层，但粘合剂30、32可作为连续层或以不连续的图案(如线、螺旋、或斑点的图案)施用。此外，可供选择的连接方法可包括热粘结、压力粘结、超声波粘结、动态机械粘结、或任何其它合适的连接方法或这些连接方法的组合。
根据本公开，内层22或芯可包括弹性体膜。示例性弹性体膜可包括M18-1117和M18-1361弹性体膜(可得自Clopay Corporation，Cincinnati，0hio)和K11-815和CEX-826弹性体膜(可得自Tredegar Film Products，Richmond，Virginia)。据信，此类材料具有优良的弹性。示例性弹性体膜可包括那些有皮层的膜和那些无皮层的膜。
外层24、26可以为非织造材料，例如SM(纺粘-熔喷)、SMS(纺粘-熔喷-纺粘)和SMMS(纺粘-熔喷-熔喷-纺粘)非织造材料。根据本公开，非织造材料可具有低TD(横向)张力。具体地讲，根据一个实施方案，层压体20的张力优选在单独内层22的张力的约2.5N/cm之内。满足此标准的具体非织造材料可包括CS9520001(25gsm)非织造材料(可得自Advanced DesignConcepts(ADC)(Dow Chemical Co.和BBA Group PLC，Brentwood，Tennessee的合资企业))和TS4288-2(49gsm)与TS4288-6(53gsm)非织造材料(可得自Kuraray America Inc.，NewYork，NewYork)。根据另一个实施方案，层压体20的张力优选在单独内层22的张力的约1N/cm之内。满足此标准的具体非织造材料可包括CS9520001ADC(25gsm)非织造材料和TS4288-6Kuraray(53gsm)非织造材料。此标准是否在2.5N/cm水平或1N/cm水平得到满足可在工程应变为约1.5时进行测定。
根据某些实施方案，层压体20和/或内层22也可具有特定的能量恢复值。根据本公开，能量恢复值为与在材料负载和卸载期间消耗和恢复的能量相关的数值。根据一个实施方案，对于至少介于50％和250％之间的工程应变，内层材料可具有约0.1或更大的能量恢复值，并且层压体20可具有在约0.1或更大范围内的能量恢复值。
粘合剂30、32可选自已知在膜22和非织造层24、26之间提供适合附着的那些粘合剂。根据一个实施方案，粘合剂可以是得自BostikInc.，Middleton，Massachusetts的H2031粘合剂。此粘合剂的一个特性是在23℃其具有用于手工制造层压体的显著压敏特性。然而，此粘合剂也适合用常规层压体制造设备用上述膜和非织造材料制造层压体，此类设备在本领域是熟知的。
用上面列出的膜、非织造材料和粘合剂制造层压体的示例性方法如下。将粘合剂30以螺旋形图案施加到防粘纸上(9.3gsm)。然后，可通过将膜22的片放置在粘合剂30上，随后例如用手动辊向膜22施加足够的压力，粘合剂30便可从防粘纸转移到膜22的一个侧面40上，然后缓慢地从粘合剂30上剥离防粘纸，这样可将粘合剂30转移到膜22的一个侧面40上。然后可将非织造层24施用到粘合剂30上。然后可重复此过程，以便用粘合剂32使膜22的其它表面44附着到非织造层26的表面46上。一旦将层22、24、26组合，就可用例如手动辊对层压体20施加适度压力，以赋予层压体20适当剥离强度(约0.5N/cm)。根据此示例性实施方案，层22、24、26被组合，以便膜22的方向和非织造层24、26的方向一致。应当认识到，本领域技术人员了解，可在常规制造设备上完成这些步骤。
上述制造层压体的方法有几个优点。没有制备层压材料所需的预加工步骤。例如，不需要特殊处理弹性体膜：施加粘合剂，并将材料组合，无需对材料施加任何力来使它们保持在细长状态或任何其它状态。此外，没有制备所用层压体所需的后加工步骤。换句话讲，层压体可表现出例如上述不依赖机械活化任何层压体或其组分的拉伸强度。
测试方法和结果
测试内层材料和层压体材料以确定它们是否满足张力和能量恢复值标准的示例性方法如下。
测试张力和能量恢复值标准的示例性方法用可得自MTS SystemsCorporation，Eden Prairie，Minnesota的Alliance RT/1张力测试系统进行。根据所述示例性测试方法，Alliance RT/1张力测试系统配备一组定制夹钳。夹钳具有用螺杆作用夹具结合在一起并提供线接触的相对的橡胶面。合适的可供选择的夹钳可包括MTS器件号056-163-829(线接触夹钳面)和100-036-576(气动夹钳)。无论选择何种夹钳，优选的是样品固定在夹钳中以限制滑动或损坏，最优选的是不发生可感知的滑动或损坏。例如，样品固定时对齐良好并且具有有限的(最优选的是感觉不到的)松弛或拉伸。据信，此固定方式可在样品上提供清晰可辨的接触线。
根据示例性测试方法，可根据以下步骤来制备样品用以测试。可用锋利刀片(例如可得自Hunt Corporation，Philadelphia，Pennsylvania的XACTO刀)和金属直尺切割19mm宽×约30mm长的样品。样品的长尺寸可用标尺测量精确至0.2mm并且在四位实验天平上称重。选择30mm尺寸与样品的横向(也称为横向)一致。可将样品固定在25.4mm的初始夹钳位置。
尽管可使用其它方法，测试层压体样品以确定其是否满足张力标准的示例性方法如下。为了测试，根据操作者经验和下列参数选择测力传感器，操作Alliance RT/1系统：
·环境温度：23℃；
·拉伸方向：横向；
·标距：25.4mm；和
·夹头速度：4.23mm/s(10英寸/分钟)。
此外，可对所测试的每种内层材料或层压体材料测试多个样品。
尽管可使用其它方法，测试材料样品以确定其是否满足能量恢复值标准的示例性方法如下。为了测试，根据操作者经验和下列参数选择测力传感器，操作Alliance RT/1系统：
·拉伸/未拉伸循环数：1；
·环境温度：23℃；
·拉伸方向：横向；
·标距：25.4mm；
·夹头速度：4.23mm/s(10英寸/分钟)；和
·最大延伸：50％、150％、200％、250％或350％。
此外，下表总结对200％延伸所施行的位移方案；对其它延伸(例如50％、150％、250％、350％)所需的修改对于本领域的技术人员是显而易见的。
Figure GSB0000111709170000091
应当认识到，预轻推步骤是任选的，但可以包括该步骤以使夹头在样品拉伸变形开始前达到速度。还应认识到，e(工程应变)定义为：
e＝(L-L0)/L0＝z/L0
其中L0(标距)为未变形样品固定在夹钳中时夹钳接触线之间的距离(例如，L0为25.4mm)；L(夹钳位置)为测试期间夹钳接触线之间的距离；z(位移)为L和L0之间的差。同样，可对所测试的各内层材料或层压体材料测试多个样品。
关于确定能量恢复值，可相对于位移对测试期间测量的张力绘图。在加载期间所测值的图以下的面积表示加载能量。类似地，在卸载期间所测值的图以下的面积表示卸载能量。卸载能量与加载能量的比率可限定能量恢复值(ERV)。表示此关系的另一种方式如下：
ERV＝∫Fdz(卸载)/∫Fdz(加载)；
其中F和z分别为力和位移，并且分子中的积分对“卸载”步骤计算，而分母中的积分对“加载”步骤计算。
张力结果
测试九个不同层压体的张力。层压体有三层，内层由弹性体膜限定，两个外层由非织造材料限定。
使用的是以下可商购获得的弹性体：M18-1117弹性体，可得自ClopayCorporation，Cincinnati，Ohio(膜1)；K11-815弹性体，可得自Tredegar FilmProducts，Richmond，Virginia(膜2)；M18-1361弹性体，可得自ClopayCorporation(膜4)；和CEX-826弹性体，可得自Tredegar Film Products(膜5)。
此外，还使用另一种弹性体膜(膜3)，所述膜根据以下方法制备：用可得自Berstorff GmbH，Hannover，Germany的Ultra Glide双螺杆挤出机(具有25.4mm的直径，并且L∶D＝32)，以及用可得自GLS Composites DistributionGroup，McHenry，Illinois的280-041树脂形成膜。挤出机配备振动加料器，以便以恒定速率将树脂粒料递送到挤出机的进料口。将第一挤出区域的挤出温度设定为350°F，将最后挤出区域和模的挤出温度设定为400°F，并对中间区域选择挤出温度以形成合适的向上的温度倾斜升温轮廓。螺杆速度为100rpm。挤出机配备6英寸(15.2cm)宽膜模，并且膜在适合的膜接纳设备上直接流延到防粘纸上。
用下述材料形成层压体：CS9520001(25gsm)非织造材料(可得自Advanced Design Concepts，Brentwood，Tennessee)(非织造材料A)、TS4288-2(49gsm)非织造材料(可得自Kuraray America Inc.，NewYork，NewYork)(非织造材料B)、TS4288-6(53gsm)非织造材料(可得自Kuraray)(非织造材料C)、FPN332d(27gsm)非织造材料(可得自BBA Group PLC)(非织造材料F)和COLI401473(17gsm)非织造材料(可得自Corovin GmbH，Germany)(非织造材料G)。
相对于工程应变对张力绘图，测试的部分结果显示于图2中。每种层压体用文字与数字的二字符编码表示，第一个字符表示所用的膜(1)，第二个字符表示所用的非织造材料(A、B、C、F、G)。其余样品的结果提供如下。
如图2所见，在约1.5的工程应变时，使用膜1和非织造材料A和C的层压体所具有的张力与弹性体的张力相差约小于1N/cm。在非织造材料A的情形下，相差约0.88，而对于非织造材料C则相差约1.03。至于膜1和非织造材料B的层压体，则相差约2.34。据信，所有三种层压体提供适合用作布样材料的外观和手感。
此外，测试膜2-5和非织造材料A的层压体得到具有满足上述张力标准的适合外观和感觉的层压体。即，在约1.5工程应变时，膜2-5和非织造材料A的层压体样品显示以下在层压体张力和膜张力之间的张力差：对于2A，0.72；对于3A，0.77；对于4A，0.59；对于5A，0.84。
相比之下，在约1.5工程应变时，膜1和非织造材料F的层压体在层压体张力和弹性体张力之间具有大得多的张力差(4.97N/cm)。此外，膜1和非织造材料G的层压体在所述工程应变时测试失败。据信，这两种层压体作为布样材料不能提供适宜的外观和感觉。
以下为弹性体膜和层压体在约1.5工程应变时的拉伸强度和拉伸强度差的汇总表：
Figure GSB0000111709170000111
能量恢复值结果
测试八种不同层压体的能量恢复值。层压体有三层，内层由弹性体膜限定，两个外层由非织造材料限定。同样单独测试弹性体膜。
使用的弹性体如下：M18-1117弹性体，可得自Clopay Corporation(膜1)；K11-815弹性体，可得自Tredegar Film Products(膜2)；根据以上方法制备的弹性体膜(膜3)；M18-1361弹性体，可得自Clopay Corporation(膜4)；和CEX-826弹性体，可得自Tredegar Film Products(膜5)。
形成层压体的材料如下：CS9520001(25gsm)非织造材料(可得自Advanced Design Concepts)(非织造材料A)、TS4288-2(49gsm)非织造材料(可得自Kuraray America Inc.)(非织造材料B)、TS4288-6(53gsm)非织造材料(可得自Kuraray)(非织造材料C)和FPN332d(27gsm)非织造材料(可得自BBAGroup PLC)(非织造材料F)。
对每种膜在150％、200％、250％和/或350％的工程应变下进行测试。对层压体在50％、150％、250％和/或350％的工程应变下进行测试。
测试结果汇总于下表中。第一表包括单独测试膜的结果。第二表(分两个部分)包括测试层压体的结果，其中每种层压体由包括文字与数字的二字符编码表示，第一个字符表示所用的膜(1、2、3、4、5)，第二个字符表示所用的非织造材料(A、B、C、F)。
Figure GSB0000111709170000121
Figure GSB0000111709170000122
Figure GSB0000111709170000131
示例性吸收制品
前面已描述如本公开所述的拉伸层压体及其制造和测试方法，现在讨论拉伸层压体在吸收制品中的用途。虽然拉伸层压体被认为用于吸收制品的某些区域，但应认识到，所述拉伸层压体也可用于其它区域。
图3为示例性一次性吸收制品120的平面图，所述吸收制品为平展未收缩状态，即没有弹性引起的收缩。制品120的部分已被切除以更清楚地展示一次性吸收制品120下面的结构。如图所示，一次性吸收制品120接触穿着者的部分面向观察者(即示出了制品的内部或内侧)。一次性吸收制品120具有纵向轴线130和横向轴线132。
一次性吸收制品120的一个端部被构造为一次性吸收制品120的第一腰区140。相对的端部被构造为一次性吸收制品120的第二腰区142。腰区140和142通常包括一次性吸收制品120被穿着时环绕穿着者腰部的那些部分。腰区140和142可包括弹性元件，以使得其围绕穿着者的腰部收聚以改善贴合性和密封性。一次性吸收制品120的中间部分被成形为裆区144，所述裆区在第一腰区140和第二腰区142之间纵向延伸。裆区144是一次性吸收制品120被穿着时，通常设置在穿着者两腿之间的那部分。
一次性吸收制品120在第一腰区140中具有横向延伸的第一腰边150，并且在第二腰区142中具有纵向相对并横向延伸的第二腰边152。一次性吸收制品120具有第一侧边154和横向相对的第二侧边156，两个侧边都在第一腰边150和第二腰边152之间纵向延伸。第一侧边154在第一腰区140中的部分标示为154a，在裆区144中的部分标示为154b，并且在第二腰区142中的部分标示为154c。第二侧边156的相应部分分别标示为156a、156b和156c。
一次性吸收制品120优选包括水可渗透的顶片160、水不可渗透的底片162和吸收组件或芯164。吸收组件或芯164可设置在顶片160和底片162之间，并且顶片160连接到底片162上。顶片160可全部或部分弹性化或者可被缩短。包括弹性化的或缩短的顶片的示例性结构体更为详细地尤其描述于美国专利4,892,536、4,990,147、5,037,416和5,269,775中。
吸收制品120可包括至少一个有助于提供改进贴合性和密封性的弹性腰部组件170。弹性腰部组件170可旨在弹性伸展和收缩以动态贴合穿着者的腰部。弹性腰部组件170可从吸收制品150的至少一个腰部边缘(例如边缘150)至少纵向向外延伸，并且一般形成吸收制品120腰区的至少一部分(例如区域140)。通常将尿布构造成使其具有两个弹性腰部组件170、172，一个(170)位于所述第一腰区140内，一个(172)位于所述第二腰区142内。此外，弹性腰部组件170、172可由连接或接合到底片162上的拉伸层压体20制成。作为另外一种选择，弹性腰部组件170、172可构造成吸收制品的其它元件的伸出部，例如顶片160、底片162或顶片160和底片162二者(例如顶片160或底片162限定层压体20的层24、26之一)。其他弹性腰部组件构造描述于美国专利4,515,595、4,710,189、5,151,092和5,221,274中。
吸收制品120可包括连接到底片162的侧片180、182。一个或多个侧片180、182可由拉伸层压体20制成。此构造通过初始适形地使吸收制品120贴合穿着者可提供更舒适和适形性贴合，并且在吸收制品120加载了渗出物之后长时间的整个穿着期间保持这种贴合性，只要弹性化侧片180、182允许吸收制品120的侧边伸展和收缩。侧片180、182也可为吸收制品120提供更有效的应用，因为即使看护人在应用期间提拉一个弹性化侧片180比另一个(182)更远，吸收制品120也将在穿着期间“自我调节”。尽管吸收制品120优选具有在第二腰区142设置的侧片180、182，但吸收制品120也可具有设置在第一腰区140或在前腰区140和第二腰区142两个腰区中的侧片。
图4示出了图3所示被成形为如同被穿着一样的制品。一次性吸收制品120可在侧边密封以便被构造为如图3所示。然而，制品120可包括能够用于将腰区140、142扣紧在一起的可重复扣紧的侧缝170。根据一个示例性实例，腰区140、142可在侧边扣紧，以便如尿布一样应用制品。根据如图3所示的示例性实例，侧缝170可包括扣件172，其可用于象套穿训练裤或一次性裤一样构型制品。
如图所示，扣件172可设置在一次性吸收制品120在第二腰区142的内面，该腰区邻近第一侧边154的部分154c并邻近第二侧边156的部分156c。侧边154的部分154c以打开情形示出，如在关闭和扣紧之前或在被再打开之后。相对侧边156的部分156c以扣紧情形示出，即形成裤的构型。在图3中，当第二腰区142和第一腰区140被扣紧在一起时，前者叠盖后者。
扣件172可由任何材料构成，并且可具有当被按压时能够可释放地连接到相对腰区匹配表面上的任何形式。例如，第一扣紧组件可为机械扣件，其可释放地接合匹配的表面，如通过多个接合非织造材料片中的纤维形成的套环的吊钩。作为另外一种选择，第一扣紧组件可为可释放地粘附到匹配表面的粘合剂。实际上，所述扣件可包括带突出部、钩环扣紧组件，诸如突出部和狭槽之类的互锁扣件、扣环、纽扣、按扣和/或雌雄同体扣紧组件。示例性表面扣紧系统公开于美国专利3,848,594、4,662,875、4,846,815、4,894,060、4,946,527、5,151,092和5,221,274中，而示例性互锁扣紧系统公开于美国专利6,432,098中。扣紧系统也可包括主扣紧系统和次扣紧系统，如美国专利4,699,622所公开。此外，示例性扣件和扣件排列、形成这些扣件的扣紧组件、以及适用于形成扣件的材料描述于美国公布专利申请2003/0060794和2005/0222546和美国专利6,428,526中。
其它变型也是可能的。例如，可在第一腰区140中将扣件172设置在制品120的内部，使得当第一腰区140和第二腰区142被扣紧在一起时前者叠盖后者。又如，可将扣件170设置在制品20的外部而不是在内部。作为另外一个实例，扣件170可以并且特别适合与扣件170配合的特定配合扣件表面一起使用(例如，套环层与钩扣件共同起作用，或者层经特别处理以提供适于特定粘合剂的适合接触表面)。
吸收制品的其它变型
在以上讨论吸收制品120的可供选择的方案中，可使用顶片160、底片162和吸收芯164的各种组合件。另外，通过使用涂层、洗剂等可改变各结构体例如顶片的特性。此外，除了上述部件外，一次性吸收制品120可包括多种其它部件，如狭缝开口、空隙空间、腿箍等，以提供所需的贴合性、密封性和审美特性。而且，可在顶片160和芯164之间设置转移层(也可以称为采集层或分配层)或次层。
因此，可用下列专利文献所述的熟知构型以供选方式装配顶片、底片和吸收芯：美国专利3,860,003、5,151,092、5,221,274、5,554,145、5,569,234、5,580,411和6,004,306(尿布)及美国专利5,246,433、5,569,234、6,120,487、6,120,489、4,940,464、5,092,861、5,897,545和5,957,908(裤)。
顶片可由多种材料制成，例如多孔泡沫，蜂窝状泡沫，有孔塑料膜，或天然纤维(例如，木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如，聚酯纤维或聚丙烯纤维)、或者天然纤维与合成纤维组合的机织物或非织造材料。如果顶片包括纤维，该纤维可以被纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水缠绕或换句话讲，用本领域内已知的方法加工。包括纤维长度的聚丙烯纤维的这样一种材料为P-8材料，可得自International Paper Company，Walpole，MA的一个分部Veratec，Inc.。其它供选的顶片描述于美国专利3,929,135、4,324,246、4,342,314、4,463,045和5,006,394中。其它供选的顶片可根据美国专利4,609,518和4,629,643制造。可用于制造供选顶片的膜可包括DRI-WEAVE膜(可得自Procter&Gamble Company，Cincinnati，Ohio)和CLIFF-T膜(可得自Tredegar Corporation，Richmond，Virginia)。
在某些实施方案中，顶片的至少一部分由疏水材料制成或被处理成疏水的，以便使穿着者的皮肤与容纳在吸收芯中的液体分离。如果顶片由疏水材料制成，优选地将顶片上表面的至少一部分处理成亲水的，以便液体能够更迅速地透过顶片。通过用表面活性剂处理或将表面活性剂掺入到顶片内可使顶片具有亲水性。用表面活性剂处理顶片的合适方法包括用表面活性剂喷涂顶片材料和/或将材料浸渍到表面活性剂中。这种处理及亲水性的更详细讨论包含在例如美国专利4,988,344和4,988,345中。用于将表面活性剂掺入顶片中的一些合适方法的更详细讨论可见于美国依法注册的发明H1670中。作为另外一种选择，顶片可包括疏水的有孔纤维网或有孔膜。这可通过从生产过程中排除亲水处理步骤和/或向顶片施用疏水处理剂例如SCOTCHGUARD产品之类聚四氟乙烯化合物(可得自3M Corporation，Minneapolis，Minnesota)或疏水洗剂组合物来实现。在这种实施方案中，优选的是孔足够大以便诸如尿液的含水流体透过时无明显阻碍。
可施用其他材料或将其他材料掺入到顶片中。例如，如本领域已知，顶片的任何部分可涂敷有洗剂。合适洗剂的实例包括美国专利5,607,760、5,609,587、5,635,191、5,643,588、5,968,025和6,716,441中所述的那些。洗剂可单独或与另一种试剂组合用作上述疏水化处理剂。顶片也可包括抗菌剂或用抗菌剂处理，一些实例公开于PCT公布WO95/24173中。也可认识到其它可能性。
底片可由薄塑料膜例如具有约0.012mm(0.5密耳)至约0.051mm(2.0密耳)的厚度的热塑性膜来制成。示例性底片膜包括CPC2膜，其可得自Tredegar Corporation，Richmond，Virginia。作为另外一种选择，底片可由允许蒸汽从吸收制品逸出同时还防止身体渗出物透过底片的透气材料制成。示例性透气材料可包括机织纤维网、非织造纤维网、微孔膜(如ESPOIRNO膜，可得自Mitsui Toatsu Co.，Japan，和EXAIRE膜，可得自Tredegar Corporation，Richmond，Virginia)及单体膜(如HYTREL共混物P18-3097膜，可得自Clopay Corporation，Cincinnati，Ohio)。其它供选的透气材料可包括复合材料，例如膜包衣的非织造纤维网或描述于PCT公布WO95/16746和美国专利5,938,648、5,865,823和5,571,096的复合材料。
吸收芯可显示出多种特性。例如，吸收芯可以制造成多种尺寸和形状(例如矩形、沙漏形、“T”形、不对称形等)。此外，吸收芯可由很多种液体吸收材料制成，如在一次性尿布和其它吸收制品中广泛使用的那些材料，包括一般称为透气毡的粉碎的木浆。其它供选的吸收材料可包括绉纱纤维素填料；熔喷聚合物，包括共成形、化学硬化、改性或交联的纤维素纤维；薄纸，包括薄纸包装材料和薄纸层压材料；吸收泡沫；吸收海绵；超吸收聚合物；吸收胶凝材料；或任何其它已知的吸收材料或材料的组合。吸收芯的构型和结构也可以发生变化：例如，吸收芯或其它吸收结构可具有不同的厚度区、亲水梯度、超吸收梯度或较低平均密度和较低平均基重采集区。适合用作吸收芯的示例性结构可包括美国专利4,610,678、4,673,402、4,834,735、4,888,231、5,137,537、5,147,345、5,342,338、5,260,345、5,387,207和5,625,222中的那些结构体。
底片可接合到顶片、吸收芯或吸收制品的任何其它元件上。以此方式，底片与顶片在一些位置可彼此直接接合，而在其他位置间接接合在一起，例如直接将它们结合到吸收制品120的一个或多个其它元件上。此连接可由多种连接方法或机构的任何一种形成。例如，连接方法或机构可包括均匀连续的粘合剂层、成图案的粘合剂层、或分离的粘合剂线、螺旋线或点的阵列。一种可能的连接机构包括粘合剂长丝的开放图案网络，如美国专利4,573,986中所公开。另一种合适的连接机构包括一些盘绕成螺旋图案的粘合剂长丝线，如美国专利3,911,173、4,785,996和4,842,666中所示。其它可使用的粘合剂为HL-1620和HL-1358-XZP粘合剂，可得自H.B.FullerComp，St.Paul，Minnesota。此外，可供选择的连接方法可包括热粘结、压力粘结、超声波粘结、动态机械粘结、或任何其它合适的连接方法或这些连接方法的组合。
顶片可包括一个或多个孔以使渗出物例如尿液和/或粪便(固态的、半固态的或液态的)顺畅地透过顶片。在设计主孔尺寸时，应适当考虑。如果主孔太小，则废物可能不能从孔通过，要么是由于废物源和孔位置对不齐，要么是由于粪便直径大于孔。同样，如果孔太大，则可被制品“回渗”沾污的皮肤面积会增加。通常，孔应当具有介于约10cm2至约50cm2之间的面积。孔的面积优选介于约15cm2和35cm2之间。
此外，吸收制品也可包括用于接受和容纳废物的袋、为废物提供空隙的垫片、用于限制废物在制品中移动的屏障、接受和容纳沉积在吸收制品120中的废物的隔室或空隙等、或它们的组合。用于吸收产品的口袋与垫片的实例描述于美国专利5,514,121、5,171,236、5,397,318、5,540,671、6,168,584、5,306,266和5,997,520中。隔室或空隙的实例公开于美国专利4,968,312、4,990,147、5,062,840和5,269,755中。包括弹性化的或缩短的顶片以在顶片和芯之间提供空隙空间的示例性结构更详细描述于美国专利4,892,536、4,990,147、5,037,416和5,269,775中。合适的横向屏障的实例描述于美国专利5,554,142和5,653,703以及PCT公布WO94/14395中。其它尤其适于处理低粘度粪便的结构体的实例公开于美国专利5,941,864、5,977,430和6,013,063中。
吸收制品可包括腿箍，其提供液体及其它身体流出物的改善的密封性。腿箍也可被称为腿围、侧翼、阻碍箍或弹性箍。合适的箍可描述于美国专利3,860,003、4,808,178、4,909,803、4,695,278和4,795,454中。在一些实施方案中，可以用洗剂处理全部或部分的腿箍32。
吸收制品也可包括位于顶片和底片之间的次层。所述次层可以是任何能够接收、储存或固定身体渗出物的材料或结构。因此，次层可包括单一材料或许多互相可操作地联合的材料。此外，次层可与尿布的另一元件构成一整体或者可以是与尿布的一个或多个元件直接或间接接合的一个或多个单独元件。此外，次层可包括与芯分开的结构或者可包括至少一部分芯或为至少一部分芯的一部分。
用作次层的合适材料可包括大气室开放式泡沫、大孔防压缩高蓬松非织造材料、大尺寸颗粒形式的开放式和封闭式泡沫(大孔和/或微孔)、高蓬松非织造材料、聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯泡沫或颗粒、包括多个垂直定向的纤维环状束的结构体、上述具有穿孔或凹陷的吸收芯结构体等。次层的一个实施方案包括XPL-7124机械紧固套环连接元件，其未压缩的厚度为约1.5毫米，可得自3M Corporation，Minneapolis，Minnesota。另一个实施方案包括6旦尼尔、树脂粘合的卷曲高蓬松非制造材料，其具有每平方米110克的基重，并且未压缩厚度为7.9毫米，可得自The Glit Company，Wrens，Georgia。其它合适的吸收次层和非吸收次层描述于美国专利6,680,422和5,941,864中。此外，次层或其任何部分可包括或涂敷洗剂或其它已知的物质以增加、增强或改变元件的特性或其它性能。
本文所公开的量纲和值不旨在被理解为严格地限于所述的精确值。相反，除非另外指明，每个这样的量纲是指所引用的数值和围绕该数值的功能上等同的范围。例如，公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
在发明详述中引用的所有文件都在相关部分中以引用方式并入本文中。对于任何文件的引用不应当解释为承认其是有关本发明的现有技术。当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与引入以供参考的文件中术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时，应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案，但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，在不背离本发明实质和范围的情况下可以做出多个其他改变和变型。因此，权利要求书意欲包括在本发明范围内的所有这样的改变和变型。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有腰区和裆区的吸收制品，所述制品包括：
具有纵向轴线的底片；
连接到所述底片上并具有面向身体的表面的顶片；
设置在所述底片和所述顶片之间的吸收芯；和
设置在腰区中的一对侧片；
所述侧片与底片连接并由拉伸层压体制成，所述拉伸层压体包括：
包含弹性体膜的第一层，所述第一层具有表面，
包含非织造材料的第二层，所述第二层具有连接到所述第一层的表面上的表面，和
包含非织造材料的第三层，所述第三层具有表面，所述表面在与所述第二层相对的表面上连接到所述第一层上；
在1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的2.5N/cm以内，并且不依赖于机械活化而存在；
其中所述弹性体膜是无皮层的，以及其中通过施用粘合剂将所述第一层、第二层和第三层组合，以便使其方向一致。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中在1.5的工程应变时，所述拉伸层压体的横向拉伸行为在所述膜的横向拉伸行为的1N/cm以内。
3.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中对于介于0.5至2.5之间的工程应变，所述层压体具有0.1或更高的能量恢复值。
4.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中对于介于1.5和2.5之间的工程应变，所述膜具有0.1或更高的能量恢复值。
5.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，所述拉伸层压体包括设置在所述第一层和所述第二层之间以及设置在所述第一层和所述第三层之间的粘合剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中扣件连接到所述侧片上。
7.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中用于所述层压体的粘合剂作为连续层施用。
8.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中用于所述层压体的粘合剂作为不连续的图案施用，所述不连续的图案包括线、螺旋或斑点。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的吸收制品，其中将所述第一层、第二层和第三层组合时，用辊对层压体施加压力以赋予层压体0.5N/cm的适当剥离强度。
10.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品，其中所述拉伸层压体的第二层和第三层为选自以下的非织造材料：纺粘-熔喷、纺粘-熔喷-纺粘和纺粘-熔喷-熔喷-纺粘非织造材料。
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