CN101394739A - 抗微生物化合物 - Google Patents
抗微生物化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101394739A CN101394739A CNA2007800071452A CN200780007145A CN101394739A CN 101394739 A CN101394739 A CN 101394739A CN A2007800071452 A CNA2007800071452 A CN A2007800071452A CN 200780007145 A CN200780007145 A CN 200780007145A CN 101394739 A CN101394739 A CN 101394739A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- alkyl
- hydroxyl
- formula
- unsubstituted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 25
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- -1 cationic siloxane Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明涉及尤其用作杀菌剂和/或抗附着剂的阳离子型硅氧烷衍生物。该阳离子型硅氧烷衍生物具有式I,其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R4'、R5和n如说明书中所定义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包括阳离子型硅氧烷衍生物的某些盐化合物作为杀真菌剂和生物被膜(biofilm)抑制剂,用于产品和/或材料的相应保护的用途,还涉及一些新的这种盐化合物。
背景技术
微生物在各种表面上和在各种物质中的定殖(colonization)能够导致以下现象,诸如脏污外观、异味和甚至是严重的卫生和健康问题。因此开发提供生物杀灭活性和至少在一定程度上易于清洁或甚至自清洁的卫生物质和表面是非常重要的。为了实现这种结果,有通过加入例如以银或TiO2为基础的纳米粒子的几种尝试。使用涂料或添加剂得到所需表面性质的可能领域是例如建筑(architecture)和建筑物(construction)、纺织品(textiled)、汽车和其它用于陆地、空中和水的交通工具、热交换器、空调回路(air conditioningcircuit)、卫生(hygiene)、医药(medicine)和健康(health)(例如在医院、诊所或学校中),以及食物包装或处理。尤其是,已提出了将纳米粒子加到有机树脂或陶瓷中,将纳米粒子等沉积到涂层中的等离子体真空沉积。
另一方面,通常已知某些阳离子表面活性剂可用作清洁和有时甚至消毒商品(例如工业品或消费品)表面的手段。
US 5,569,732中描述了热塑性物质的杀菌添加剂,该添加剂能够带有两个键合至硅氧烷部分的阳离子基团。
可是,还考虑到微生物适应各种不利环境的能力(包括抗性的发展),所需要的是这样的物质/各种化合物,其在材料或物体之上和/或之中时可以抑制真菌生长,或甚至对宽泛的微生物如对真菌以及选自细菌、酵母和藻类中的一种或多种微生物显示杀微生物活性,和/或甚至对多细胞机体例如藻类、苔藓或蕨类的居留(settlement)具有负面影响,因此尤其是可(与天然物质和/或合成物质一起)在塑料中、涂层中、纺织品上、纸中、化妆品中、药物制剂或相应的容器中、家庭或个人护理应用等中作为添加剂用于保存应用,以及还可以用于其它相应的用途。
发明内容
已发现,某些取代有两个季铵基团的硅氧烷出乎意料地显示良好的抗真菌作用。
具体实施方式
因此本发明涉及包括式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子的盐化合物作为杀菌剂的用途,
其中
R1、R2和R3各自独立地为C1-C30-烷基、C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷基或C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷基,其中芳基或环烷基是未取代的或取代的;
R4各自独立地为C1-C30-烷基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基、羟基、C1-C30-烷氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C30-环烷氧基、未取代的或取代的C6-C30-芳氧基、C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基-碳酰氧基或未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳酰氧基,
以及R4’是氢,
或R4和R4’一起是氧;
R5各自独立地为C1-C7-烷基;以及
n为1至约50。
本发明还涉及尤其适合用于覆盖物质的包括一种或多种式I阳离子的组合物,该组合物用于添加至材料或产品,例如在材料的制造过程中将其混合至材料,和/或用于浸渍材料或产品,其中所述组合物可由本发明盐化合物(该表达在下文中用于描述具有式I阳离子和作为反离子的合适阴离子的盐化合物)组成,并可另外包括其它添加剂,例如粘合剂。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及一种或多种本发明的盐化合物或组合物(如上面所限定的或优选如下面所限定的)用于保护一种或多种产品和/或材料的用途,所述用途尤其包括将一种或多种所述盐或含一种或多种所述盐的组合物添加至所述产品(制品)和/或材料,尤其用作杀菌剂。可以通过整合至材料中(例如通过在产品如制品或材料的制造过程中混合),通过浸渍制品或材料和/或通过施用至例如制品或材料的表面而进行所述的添加。
又一实施方式涉及一种或多种本发明盐化合物的制备方法,和/或涉及含一种或多种根据本发明所用的盐的组合物的制备方法。
本发明的盐能够通过与现有技术中本身已知的方法类似的方法制备,但是已知的方法并没有用于制备过本发明化合物,所以制备本发明的盐的方法是新的且是本发明的一部分,即从以下方面来说该方法是新的,
a)制备本发明的盐化合物,其中在式I阳离子中R4是羟基、C1-C30-烷氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C30-环烷氧基、未取代的或取代的C6-C30-芳氧基、C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基-碳酰氧基或未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳酰氧基,R4’是氢以及R1、R2、R3、R5和n如式I阳离子中所定义,使式II的环氧化合物与式III的叔胺或优选其盐反应,得到相应的含式I阳离子的盐化合物,
式(III)中R1、R2和R3如式I阳离子中所定义,或
b)制备本发明的盐化合物,其中在式I阳离子中R4是C1-C30-烷基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基,以及R4’是氢,或其中R4和R4’一起是氧,使式IV化合物与a)中所限定的式III化合物或其盐反应,得到相应的含式I阳离子的盐化合物,
式(IV)中L是离去基团,R4是C1-C30-烷基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基,以及R4’是氢,或其中R4和R4’一起是氧(oxo),以及其中R5和n如式I阳离子中所定义;
以及,如果需要,将根据a)和/或b)的方法可获得的具有式I阳离子的盐中的式I阳离子转化为不同的式I阳离子,和/或将使用根据a)和/或b)的方法可获得的和/或转化后获得的具有式I阳离子的盐转化为不同的盐。
在方法变化形式(a)中,反应优选在本领域已知的条件下发生,例如在适合的溶剂中进行。
在方法变化形式b)中,季铵化优选在适合的溶剂(诸如醇如乙醇、腈如乙腈、它们的混合物等)中,在例如0至50℃范围内的温度或在其它适合的温度进行。离去基团L优选为卤素如氯、溴或碘,或者未取代的或取代的苯磺酰氧基如对甲苯磺酰氧基。
在可能的转化中,作为例子可提及通过氧化将式I阳离子(其中R4是羟基且R4’是氢)转化成相应的阳离子(其中R4和R4’一起形成氧);该氧化可根据本领域已知的方法,例如使用CrO3或其它合适的氧化剂在合适的溶剂或溶剂混合物(例如水和四氢呋喃)中,在例如0至50℃范围内的温度进行。
能够如下将本发明的化合物盐转化为不同的盐:根据常规方法用不同的阴离子替换盐中的阴离子,例如在相应酸的存在下与所需的阴离子一起析出或使用阴离子交换剂。
在本公开的上下文中,除非另外指明,在上文中和下文中所使用的一般性术语优选具有以下含义/定义:
C1-C30-烷基可以是线性的或被支化一次或多次。它优选为C1-C20-烷基。
C6-C14-芳基是具有给定数目的环碳原子的单、双或三环芳基部分,优选为取代的或更优选为未取代的苯基、萘基或芴基。
在C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷基中,该芳基部分可以键合至烷基链的任意碳;优选地,芳基键合至C1-C30-烷基的末端C原子。它优选是取代的或更优选未取代的苄基。
C3-C10-环烷基优选是具有给定的环碳原子数目范围的饱和环,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基。
在C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷基中,该环烷基部分可以键合至烷基链的任意碳;优选地,环烷基键合至A1-C30-烷基的末端C原子。
当将部分例如芳基、环烷基或苯基限定为取代的时,这意味着存在一个或多个取代基,例如多达三个取代基,所述取代基优选独立地选自C1-C20-烷基(更优选C1-C7-烷基)、苯基、萘基、羟基、C1-C20-烷氧基、苯基-、萘基-、苯基-C1-C10-烷基-或萘基-C1-C10-烷基-氧基、C1-C20-烷酰氧基、卤素(如氟、氯、溴或碘)、C1-C20-烷氧基羰基(C1-C20-烷基-O-C(=O)-)、苯氧基羰基、萘氧基羰基、苯基-或萘基-C1-C10-烷氧基羰基、苯甲酰基(benzyol)、萘甲酰基(naphthoyl)、苯基-C1-C10-烷酰基、萘基-C1-C10-烷酰基、氨基、单或双(苯基-、萘基-、苯基-C1-C10-烷基-和/或萘基-C1-C10-烷基)-氨基、硝基和氰基。
在C1-C30-烷氧基中,C1-C30-烷基优选如上文所定义。
在C3-C30-环烷氧基中,C3-C30-环烷基优选如上文所定义。
C1-C30-烷酰基优选为具有给定的链原子数目范围的烷酰基部分且可为线性的或支化的。例子是甲酰基或尤其是乙酰基。
在C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷酰基中,该C3-C10-环烷基部分可优选键合在C1-C30-烷酰基部分的末端,但也可键合在烷酰基的任意不同的碳原子处。
在C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷酰基中,该C6-C14-芳基部分可优选键合在C1-C30-烷酰基部分的末端,但也可键合在烷酰基的任意不同的碳原子处。
C3-C10-环烷基-碳酰氧基是C3-C10-环烷基-C(=O)-O-。
C6-C14-芳酰氧基优选是苯甲酰氧基(benzyoloxy)或萘甲酰氧基(naphthoxyloxy)。
C1-C7-烷基优选是甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、伯丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
在本公开中提及包括式I阳离子的盐化合物、由式I阳离子组成的盐化合物或者式I阳离子时,它意图包括存在不止一种这种阳离子(阳离子的类型)的情形,这是因为对于各个式I的“化合物”符号n取不同整数—事实上,对n为不止一个整数时,常常存在不止一种该阳离子的混合物,所以事实上“式I阳离子”常常实际上是落入相应结构式范围内的阳离子的混合物(就实施例的式Ia、Ib、Ic、Id、Ie和If(落入式I范围内)而言也适用这种定义),因此“盐化合物”的含义实际是盐化合物的混合物。因此,“盐化合物”也包括不止一种该盐化合物,即,落入相应定义的化合物混合物。这也适用于前体和原料,例如式II或IV的前体和原料。在提到一种或多种阴离子的情况中,这指的是存在一种类型或多种类型的阴离子(例如阴离子的混合物或纯的一种类型的阴离子)。当使用复数形式(“盐化合物(Saltcompounds)”、“阳离子(cations)”、“阴离子(anions)”、“前体(precursors)”、原料(starting materials)”等)时,它也分别包括一种化合物、一种阳离子、一种阴离子、一种前体、一种原料等。
形成式I阳离子的中性盐的一种或多种阴离子是指,优选地,在根据本发明的盐中对于每个式I的阳离子,存在p个式(IA)的阴离子(具有不同的Y,优选一种Y),
Y(3-p)- (IA)
其中
Y是阴离子分子,其具有由(3-p)确定的整数数目的负电荷,以及
p是1或2。然而,也可以使用具有三价或更高价负电荷的阴离子,例如磷酸根或多磷酸根,由此导致对于每个式I阳离子存在小于1个阴离子的盐。优选的例子是卤离子(如氯离子、碘离子、溴离子或氟离子)、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、硝酸根、磷酸氢根、磷酸根、硼酸根、四氟硼酸根、乙酸根、柠檬酸根、对甲苯硫酸根、甲磺酸根(methansulfonate)(MeSO3 -)、甲氧基磺酸根(methyloxysulfonate)(MeO-SO3 -)、三氟甲磺酸根(trifluoromethansulfonate)、九氟丁磺酸根(nonafluorobutanesulfonate)、2,2,2-三氟乙磺酸根(2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate)、氟磺酸根(fluorosulfonate)等。在所有情况中,阴离子和阳离子的化学计量关系使得形成根据本发明的中性盐。
式I阳离子优选的分子量为约600至约3000。
所述阳离子优选的多分散性(重均分子量与数均分子量的比)为至多约3。
本公开中所用的“约”是指数值可存在一定的偏差,相应的值并不意图指绝对的界限,本领域技术人员应该明白这一点;它优选是指各个数值的“±20%”,更优选是指各个数值的“±10%”,还更优选是指各个数值的“±5%”,最优选能够将它去掉,使得仅剩各个数值,没有前面的“约”。
整合(Integration)、混合(admixing)、浸渍(impregnation)、浸渍(impregnating)和/或涂覆(coating)包括均相整合或混合、非均相整合或混合、完全或部分浸渍和/或完全或部分涂覆。
本发明所用的组合物,在下文中也称作抗污组合物(或者也可将其称作抗微生物组合物或尤其是抗真菌组合物),除了包括式I的盐化合物(该盐化合物也可作为组合物唯一的组分)之外,还可包括其它添加剂,例如粘合剂、溶剂等。本发明也包括式I的盐化合物或这种组合物的抗真菌用途和合并的抗真菌/抗菌用途。
粘合剂可以是与本发明物质相容的任意聚合物或低聚物。在制备抗污组合物之前,粘合剂可以为聚合物或低聚物的形式,或者可以在制备过程中或制备之后(包括在施用于基质(substrate)之后)通过聚合形成。
本发明中使用的术语粘合剂也包括商业上在木材、塑料、玻璃和其它表面护理中使用的物质,例如二醇、油、蜡和表面活性剂。例子包括用于木材的防水材料、乙烯基保护剂(vinyl protectants)、防护蜡(protective waxes)等。
本发明的抗污组合物可以是涂料(coating)或膜、用于混合至材料的组合物和/或用于浸渍材料和/或产品的组合物。当抗污组合物是施用至表面上的热塑性膜时,该粘合剂是用于制备该膜的热塑性聚合物基质(thermoplasticpolymer matrix),其中所述施用例如通过使用粘合剂或通过熔融施涂(包括压延和共挤出)而进行。
当抗污组合物是例如涂料时,可以将它以各种形式施用,在施用之后通过热、紫外光或其它方法使其固化,所述的各种形式是指液体溶液或悬浮液、糊剂、凝胶、油,或者该涂料组合物(coating composition)可以是固体如粉末涂料(powder coating)。因为本发明的抗污组合物可以是涂料或膜,所以粘合剂能够包括涂料制剂或膜制品中使用的任何聚合物。
例如,粘合剂是热固性的、热塑性的、弹性体的、固有交联的或交联的聚合物。热固性的、热塑性的、弹性体的、固有交联的或交联的聚合物包括聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯、卤化乙烯基聚合物例如PVC、天然和合成的橡胶、醇酸树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯、不饱和聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、含硅的聚合物和氨基甲酸酯聚合物(silicon containing andcarbamate polymer)、氟化聚合物、衍生自取代的丙烯酸酯如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯的可交联丙烯酸类树脂。聚合物也可以是上述化学物质的共混物和共聚物。
热塑性的、热固性的、弹性体的、固有交联的或交联的聚合物的例子在下面列出。
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物;以及聚乙烯(它可以任选地被交联)例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高分子量的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、超高分子量的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
2.在1)中提到的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)和不同类型的聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃与二烯烃彼此之间或与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物、丙烯/1-丁烯共聚物、丙烯/异丁烯共聚物、乙烯/1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯共聚物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和其与一氧化碳的共聚物,或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物和其盐(离聚物),以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯例如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯的三元共聚物;以及这类共聚物彼此之间或与上述1)中的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯-乙烯/丙烯共聚物、LDPE-乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LDPE-乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物、LLDPE-乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、LLDPE-乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物和交替或无规结构的聚烯烃-一氧化碳共聚物和它们与其它聚合物如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化的改性产物(例如增粘剂树脂)和聚烯烃与淀粉的混合物。
5.聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯或丙烯酸类衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/马来酸酐、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;苯乙烯共聚物与另一种聚合物如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的高冲击强度的混合物;以及苯乙烯嵌段共聚物如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯-丙烯/苯乙烯。
7.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如聚丁二烯与苯乙烯的接枝共聚物、聚丁二烯/苯乙烯与苯乙烯的接枝共聚物或聚丁二烯/丙烯腈共聚物与苯乙烯的接枝共聚物、聚丁二烯与苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)的接枝共聚物;聚丁二烯与苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝共聚物;聚丁二烯与苯乙烯和马来酸酐的接枝共聚物;聚丁二烯与苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺的接枝共聚物;聚丁二烯与苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺的接枝共聚物、聚丁二烯与苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的接枝共聚物、乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物与苯乙烯和丙烯腈的接枝共聚物、聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯与苯乙烯和丙烯腈的接枝共聚物、丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物与苯乙烯和丙烯腈的接枝共聚物,以及它们与6)所述的共聚物的混合物,诸如那些已知的例如称为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES的聚合物。
8.含卤素的聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯、氯化的橡胶、异丁烯/异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤丁橡胶)、氯化的或氯磺化的聚乙烯、乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,尤其是含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯;及其共聚物,例如氯乙烯/1,1-二氯乙烯、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或1,1-二氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.由α,β-不饱和酸和其衍生物生成的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯,或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈,其是用丙烯酸丁酯抗冲改性过的。
10.9)所述的单体彼此之间或与其它不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈/卤代乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.由不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或其缩醛衍生的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯、聚烯丙基蜜胺(polyallylmelamine);及其与1)中提及的烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,诸如聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷或它们与二缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛,诸如聚甲醛和含有共聚单体如环氧乙烷的那些聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
14.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚以及它们与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.聚氨酯,其衍生自一端被羟基封端和另一端被脂族或芳族聚异氰酸酯封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯,以及它们的初始产物(initial products)。
16.聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,其衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或由氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺,例如聚酰胺4、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、衍生自间苯二胺和己二酸(m-xylene,diamineand adipic acid)的芳族聚酰胺;由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二酸和/或对苯二甲酸和任选的作为改性剂的弹性体制备的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二酰胺(poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide)。上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键结合的或接枝的弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚的嵌段共聚物,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;和在加工(“RIM聚酰胺体系”)过程中缩合的聚酰胺。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
18.衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或羟基羧酸或相应的内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷酯和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及衍生自具有羟基端基的聚醚的嵌段共聚醚酯;以及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
20.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
21.由一方面是醛,另一方面是苯酚、脲或蜜胺衍生的交联聚合物,例如苯酚-甲醛树脂、脲-甲醛树脂和蜜胺-甲醛树脂。
22.干燥和非干燥的醇酸树脂。
23.由饱和的和不饱和的二羧酸与多元醇的共聚酯和作为交联剂的乙烯基化合物衍生的不饱和聚酯树脂,以及它们的含有卤素的不易燃的改性树脂。
24.交联的丙烯酸树脂,其衍生自取代的丙烯酸酯例如环氧丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯。
25.用蜜胺树脂、尿素树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂。
26.衍生自脂族、脂环族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物例如产物双酚A二缩水甘油醚和双酚F二缩水甘油醚的交联的环氧树脂,它们是使用常规的硬化剂例如酐或胺在存在或不存在促进剂的条件下进行交联的。
27.上述聚合物的混合物(聚合共混物),例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA6.6和共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
可分散在水中的丙烯酸类、甲基丙烯酸类和丙烯酰胺类聚合物和共聚物易于用作本发明中的粘合剂。例如,将丙烯酸类、甲基丙烯酸类和丙烯酰胺类的分散聚合物和共聚物用作抗污涂料中的粘合剂。
生物相容的涂料聚合物例如聚[-烷氧基链烷酸酯-共聚-3-羟基链烯酸酯](PHAE)聚酯(Geiger等人Polymer Bulletin 52,65-70(2004))也可用作本发明中的粘合剂。
醇酸树脂、聚酯、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、含硅聚合物、氟化聚合物、乙酸乙烯酯聚合物、乙烯醇聚合物和乙烯胺聚合物是可用在本发明中的普通涂料粘合剂的非限定性例子。当然,其它涂料粘合剂也是本发明的一部分。
涂料经常用例如蜜胺树脂、尿素树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚异氰酸酯、环氧树脂、酐、多酸和/或多胺在有或无促进剂下进行交联。
例如将本发明抗污组合物用作施用至表面的涂料,该表面暴露于有利于生物累积的环境。在所述涂料中存在的式I阳离子将防止生物体,尤其是真菌附着至表面。
本发明抗污组合物可以是完整的涂料或油漆(paint)制剂(例如海用凝胶涂料(marine gel-coat)、虫胶(shellac)、清漆、真漆(lacquer)或油漆)的一部分,或者抗污组合物可仅包含式I化合物和粘合剂,或可包含式I化合物、粘合剂和一种或多种添加剂。可以预期的是,在该涂料制剂或应用中使用的其它添加剂任选地用于本发明的应用。
组合物(例如涂料)可以是溶剂性的或水性的。一般认为水性组合物是更加环境友好的。
本发明的涂料或其它组合物是,例如本发明的盐化合物和粘合剂或水基涂料或油漆的水分散体。例如,所述涂料包含具有式I阳离子的盐化合物和丙烯酸类、甲基丙烯酸类或丙烯酰胺类聚合物或共聚物或聚[-烷氧基链烷酸酯-共聚-3-羟基链烯酸酯]聚酯的水分散体。
涂料是,例如在海上应用中使用的涂料或清漆。可将该涂料施用至已经涂覆了的表面上,例如已经施用于前面涂覆的制品的外层的保护性涂层、透明涂层或保护性蜡上,和/或可以使用它来浸渍材料或产品。
涂料体系包括海用涂料(marine coatings)、木材涂料、其它用于金属的涂料以及塑料和陶瓷上的涂料。海用涂料的例子是包含不饱和聚酯、苯乙烯和催化剂的凝胶涂料。
涂料是例如建筑用漆,或其它装饰涂料(decorative paint)或防护漆(protective paint)。它可以是施用至水泥、混凝土或其它石工制品(masonryarticle)的油漆或其它涂料。至于地下室或地基,涂料可以是防水材料(waterproofer)。
由于意图将抗污组合物用于海事应用中以及池塘附近的区域等,所以该组合物可以是防滑涂料的一部分,所述防滑涂料包含用于阶梯、道路和扶手的涂料。
通过任何常规的方法将该涂覆组合物施用至表面,所述方法包括旋涂、浸涂、喷涂、刮涂(draw down),或者通过刷子、辊子或其它涂抹器涂覆。通常会需要干燥期(drying period)或养护期。对于浸渍,也可以使用压力浸渍或不使用压力浸渍。
涂料厚度或膜厚度将依据应用而变化,它将在有限的试验之后对本领域技术人员来说变得显而易见。
可以以防护性层压膜的形式施用抗污组合物。该膜通常包括热固性的、热塑性的、弹性体的或交联的聚合物。这种聚合物的例子包括但不限于聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚酯、卤化的乙烯基聚合物例如PVC、天然和合成的橡胶、醇酸树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和的聚酯、不饱和的聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、氟化聚合物、含硅的聚合物(不同于式I)和氨基甲酸酯聚合物。所述聚合物也可以是前述化学物质的混合物和共聚物。
当抗污组合物是预成型膜时,就通过例如使用粘合剂将其施用至表面,或将其共挤出至表面上。也可以通过紧固件将它机械固定,其可能需要使用密封剂或嵌缝胶(caulk),在所述密封剂或嵌缝胶中也可有利地使用本发明的酯。
也可借助于热方法来施涂塑料膜,所述热方法包括压延、熔融施涂(meltapplication)和收缩包装。
抗污组合物可以是以下制剂的一部分:上光剂(如家具上光剂),或分散剂或表面活性剂制剂(例如二醇或矿物油分散体)或如在例如木材保护、纸或纸板保护等中使用的其它制剂。
可用的表面活性剂的例子包括但不限于基于聚氧乙烯的表面活性物质,其包括聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇醚四油酸酯(PST)、聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚六油酸酯(PSH)、聚氧乙烯(6)十三烷基醚、聚氧乙烯(12)十三烷基醚、聚氧乙烯(18)十三烷基醚、Tween.RTM.表面活性剂、Triton.RTM.表面活性剂,以及聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物,例如Pluronic.RTM.和Poloxamer.RTM.产品系列(得自BASF)。其它形成基质的组分包括葡聚糖、线性PEG分子(分子量为500至5,000,000)、星形PEG分子、梳形和树枝状、超支化的PEG分子,以及类似的线性、星形、和树枝状聚胺聚合物,以及各种碳酸酯化的表面活性剂、全氟化的的表面活性剂(例如,DuPont Zonyl.RTM.含氟表面活性剂)和硅化的表面活性剂(例如,二甲基硅氧烷-环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物)(不同于本发明的)。
对于本发明的抗污组合物的广泛应用,该组合物可以包括一种或多种其它添加剂,例如抗氧化剂、UV吸收剂、受阻胺、亚磷酸酯[或盐]或亚膦酸酯[或盐]、苯并呋喃-2-酮、含硫增效剂(thiosynergist)、聚酰胺稳定剂、金属硬脂酸盐、成核剂、填料、增强剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、染料、颜料、分散剂、其它荧光增白剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、发泡剂等,例如下面列出的物质,或其混合物。
1.抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化的苯酚,例如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二-十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚、侧链是直链或支链的壬基苯酚(例如,2,6-二-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十一烷-1-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十七烷-1-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十三烷-1-基)苯酚、没食子酸丙酯及其混合物。
1.2.烷硫基甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷硫基甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌和烷基化的氢醌,例如2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二-叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔-戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二-叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基硬脂酸酯、双-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)己二酸酯。
1.4.生育酚,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化的二苯硫醚,例如2,2′-双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)硫醚、2,2′-双(4-辛基苯酚)硫醚、4,4′-双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)硫醚、4,4′-双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)硫醚、4,4′-双-(3,6-二-仲戊基苯酚)硫醚、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫醚。
1.6.亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四-叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷基酯、4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯、三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、二-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基-巯基-乙酸异辛基酯、双-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三-(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基-磷酸双十八烷基酯和3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基-磷酸单乙基酯钙盐。
1.8.羟苄基化丙二酸酯,例如2,2-双-(3,5-二-叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)-丙二酸二-十八烷基酯、2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-丙二酸二-十八烷基酯、2,2-双-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二-十二烷基巯基乙酯、2,2-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]酯。
1.9.芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛硫基)-6-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine)、2-辛硫基-4,6-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine)、2-辛硫基-4,6-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine)、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基膦酸酯,例如2,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸双十八烷基酯、5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸双十八烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰氨基苯酚,例如4-羟基-N-月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、2,4-双-辛硫基-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-均-三嗪(2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazine)和N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,一元醇或多元醇是例如甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇(3-thiaundecanol)、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,一元醇或多元醇是例如甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,一元醇或多元醇是例如甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.16.3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,一元醇或多元醇是例如甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟基乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.17.β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)六亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)三亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(Uniroyal提供的XL-1)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19.胺抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二-异丙基-对苯二胺、N,N′-二-仲-丁基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-二环己基-对苯二胺、N,N′-二苯基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯胺(4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine)、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二-仲-丁基-对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔-辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化二苯胺(例如对,对′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺)、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰氨基苯酚、4-壬酰氨基苯酚、4-十二烷酰氨基苯酚、4-十八烷酰氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二-叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)双胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔-辛基化N-苯基-1-萘胺、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔-辛基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的壬基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的异丙基/异己基二苯胺的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔-辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、单烷基化和二烷基化的叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯、N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基-六亚甲基二胺、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,例如,已知的商业化的羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑和如在美国专利3,004,896;3,055,896;3,072,585;3,074,910;3,189,615;3,218,332;3,230,194;4,127,586;4,226,763;4,275,004;4,278,589;4,315,848;4,347,180;4,383,863;4,675,352;4,681,905;4,853,471;5,268,450;5,278,314;5,280,124;5,319,091;5,410,071;5,436,349;5,516,914;5,554,760;5,563,242;5,574,166;5,607,987和5,977,219中公开的苯并三唑,例如2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二-叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(3,5-二-叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-仲-丁基-5-叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-二-叔戊基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3,5-双-α-异丙苯基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-(ω-羟基-八-(亚乙基氧基)羰基-乙基)-苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-十二烷基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基)乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、十二烷基化2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己基氧基)-羰基乙基)-2-羟基苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己基氧基)羰基乙基)-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基-2H-苯并三唑、2,2’-亚甲基-双(4-叔辛基-(6-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚)、2-(2-羟基-3-α-异丙苯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-3-叔辛基-5-α-异丙苯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氟-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-异丙苯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-异丙苯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3-α-异丙苯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-异丙苯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、3-(5-三氟甲基-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲酯、5-丁基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-异丙苯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-异丙苯基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-α-异丙苯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑、5-丁基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑和5-苯基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑。
2.2.2-羟基二苯酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3.取代的和未取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基-苯酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二-叔丁基苯酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二-叔丁基苯酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯和丙二酸酯,例如,α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-羰基甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯或α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基-肉桂酸丁酯、α-羰基甲氧基-对甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯、N-(β-羰基甲氧基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基-二氢吲哚、 PR25、对甲氧基苯亚甲基丙二酸二甲酯(CAS#7443-25-6),以及 PR31、对甲氧基苯亚甲基丙二酸二-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯(CAS#147783-69-5)。
2.5.镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫代-双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]有或没有附加的配体(例如正丁基胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺)的镍配合物,例如1:1或1:2的配合物、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍、4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基膦酸单烷基酯(例如甲酯或乙酯)的镍盐、酮肟镍配合物(例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物)、有或没有附加的配体的1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物。
2.6.空间受阻胺稳定剂,例如4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-烯丙基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-苄基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直链或环状缩合物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷-四羧酸酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直链或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双-甲酰-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基-亚甲基-丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧代-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-链烯-共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。所述空间受阻胺也可以是在GB-A-2301106中描述的一种化合物,如组分I-a)、I-b)、I-c)、I-d)、I-e)、I-f)、I-g)、I-h)、I-i)、I-j)、I-k)或I-1),尤其是所述GB-A-2301106的68至73页上所列的光稳定剂1-a-1、1-a-2、1-b-1、1-c-1、1-c-2、1-d-1、1-d-2、1-d-3、1-e-1、1-f-1、1-g-1、1-g-2或1-k-1。所述空间受阻胺也可以是在EP782994中描述的一种化合物,例如在其中的权利要求10或38或在实施例1-12或D-1至D-5中描述的化合物。所述空间受阻胺也可以是受阻胺光稳定剂的羟胺、羟胺盐或硝酰基(nitroxl)衍生物。
2.7.N-原子被羟基取代的烷氧基取代的空间受阻胺,例如如下的化合物:1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十六烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-氧基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶与得自叔戊醇的碳自由基的反应产物、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)己二酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)琥珀酸酯、双(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)戊二酸酯和2,4-双{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-均-三嗪。
2.8.草酰胺,例如4,4′-二辛氧基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二-叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二-十二烷氧基-5,5′-二-叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺(N,N′-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide)、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺(2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2′-ethoxanilide)及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二-叔丁基-N,N’-草酰二苯胺(2-ethoxy-2′-ethyl-5,4′-di-tert-butoxanilide)的混合物、邻甲氧基-二取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺和对甲氧基-二取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺的混合物以及邻乙氧基-二取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺和对乙氧基-二取代的N,N’-草酰二苯胺的混合物。
2.9.三-芳基-邻-羟基苯基-均-三嗪,例如已知的商业化的三-芳基-邻-羟基苯基-均-三嗪和如在WO 96/28431、EP 434608、EP 941989、GB2,317,893、美国专利3,843,371;4,619,956;4,740,542;5,096,489;5,106,891;5,298,067;5,300,414;5,354,794;5,461,151;5,476,937;5,489,503;5,543,518;5,556,973;5,597,854;5,681,955;5,726,309;5,942,626;5,959,008;5,998,116和6,013,704中公开的三嗪,例如4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-均-三嗪( 1164,Cytec Corp)、4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二羟基苯基)-6-(4-氯苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-溴苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双[2-羟基-4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二羟基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双(4-联苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基羰基亚乙基氧基苯基)-均-三嗪、2-苯基-4-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲-丁基氧基-2-羟基丙基氧基)苯基]-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲-戊基氧基-2-羟基丙基氧基)苯基]-均-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-苄基氧基-2-羟基丙基氧基)苯基]-均-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-正丁基氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二-正丁基氧基苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-壬基氧基*-2-羟基丙基氧基)-5-α-异丙苯基苯基]-均-三嗪(*表示辛氧基、壬氧基和癸氧基基团的混合)、亚甲基双-{2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-丁基氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-均-三嗪}、亚甲基桥接的二聚体混合物(以5:4:1的比例在3:5′、5:5′和3:3′位桥接)、2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-异辛氧基羰基异亚丙基氧基苯基)-均-三嗪、2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-己基氧基-5-α-异丙苯基苯基)-均-三嗪、2-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-4,6-双[2-羟基-4-(3-丁基氧基-2-羟基丙基氧基)苯基]-均-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-仲-丁基氧基-2-羟基丙基氧基)苯基]-均-三嗪、4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十二烷基氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-均-三嗪和4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-均-三嗪的混合物( 400,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.)、4,6-双-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-(2-乙基己基氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基)-苯基)-均-三嗪和4,6-二苯基-2-(4-己基氧基-2-羟基苯基)-均-三嗪。
3.金属减活化剂,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑、双(亚苄基)草酰二酰肼、N,N’-草酰二苯胺、间苯二酰二酰肼、癸二酰双苯基酰肼、N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰二酰肼(N,N′-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide)、N,N′-双(水杨酰)草酰二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)硫代丙酰二酰肼(N,N′-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide)。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂酯、亚磷酸三-十八烷基酯、二-硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯( 626,GE Chemicals,式(D))、双(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二异癸氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨醇三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)4,4′-二亚苯基二亚膦酸酯( P-EPQ,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.,式(H))、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-二苯并[d,f][1,3,2]二氧杂磷杂八环(6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin)、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g][1,3,2]二氧杂磷杂八环(6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-buty1-12-methyl-dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin)、双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二-叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯、2,2′,2"-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四-叔丁基-1,1′-二苯基-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四-叔丁基-1,1′-二苯基-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯。
5.苯并呋喃酮和二氢吲哚酮,例如在美国专利4,325,863、4,338,244、5,175,312、5,216,052、5,252,643;DE-A-4316611;DE-A-4316622;DE-A-4316876;EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102中公开的,或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二-叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二-叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3’-双[5,7-二-叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二-叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮(HP-136,Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp.)和3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二-叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮。
6.羟胺,例如N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二-十四烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十六烷基羟胺、N,N-二-十八烷基羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-甲基-N-十八烷基羟胺和从氢化的牛脂胺衍生得到的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
7.硝酮,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-甲基-α-十七烷基硝酮和从氢化的牛脂胺衍生得到的N,N-二烷基羟胺衍生得到的硝酮。
8.氧化胺,例如,如在美国专利第5,844,029和5,880,191号中公开的氧化胺衍生物、二癸基甲基氧化胺、三癸基氧化胺、三-十二烷基氧化胺和三-十六烷基氧化胺。
9.硫代增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二-月桂基酯(dilauryl thiodipropionate)或硫代二丙酸二-硬脂基酯(distearyl thiodipropionate)。
10.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯(例如其月桂基酯、硬脂基酯、十四烷基酯或十三烷基酯)、巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二-十八烷基二硫化物、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
11.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如与碘化物和/或磷化合物以及二价锰盐组合的铜盐。
12.碱性共稳定剂,例如蜜胺、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、氰脲酸三烯丙酯、脲衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和高级脂肪酸的碱土金属盐,例如,硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山萮酸镁(magnesium behenate)、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾、邻苯二酚锑或邻苯二酚锌。
13.成核剂,例如无机物,如滑石、金属氧化物(如二氧化钛或氧化镁)、磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐,其中优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物,例如一元或多元羧酸和其盐,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合物,如离子共聚物(离聚物)。
14.填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃球、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、碳黑、石墨、木粉和其它天然产物的粉末或纤维、合成纤维。
15.分散剂,例如聚环氧乙烷蜡或矿物油。
16.其它添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、染料、其它荧光增白剂、流变添加剂(rheology additives)、催化剂、流动性控制剂、滑爽剂(slip agents)、交联剂、交联助促进剂(crosslinking boosters)、卤素清除剂、抑烟剂(smoke inhibitors)、耐火剂、抗静电剂、澄清剂(clarifiers)(例如取代的和未取代的二亚苄基山梨醇)、苯并噁嗪酮UV吸收剂(例如2,2’-对亚苯基-双(3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮), 3638(CAS# 18600-59-4))和发泡剂。
涂覆的或层压的或浸渍的表面是暴露于生物污垢环境的任意基质(substrate)(用于本申请的材料或产品的其它词)的表面。所述基质可以是无机或有机基质,例如,基于金属或金属合金的无机或有机基质;如上述热塑性、弹性、固有交联的或交联的聚合物;天然聚合物,例如木材或橡胶;陶瓷材料(ceramic material);玻璃;纱;无纺材料(例如用于尿布等的物质,例如PP无纺布);纸;皮革或其它纺织品(例如由棉、毛、胶乳(latex)和/或合成纤维所制得的例如用于服装、工业目的、帆布等的纺织品),。
基质可以是例如非金属无机表面如硅石、二氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化铝、铁氧化物、碳、硅、各种硅酸盐和溶胶凝胶、砌石(masonry)和复合材料如玻璃纤维和塑料木材(plastic lumber)(聚合物和木材刨花、木粉或其它小木块的共混物)。
无机或有机基质是例如金属或金属合金,热塑性、弹性、固有交联的或交联的聚合物,陶瓷材料(ceramic material)或玻璃。
基质可以是每层由相同或不同组分组成的多层制品。涂覆的、层压的和/或浸渍的表面可以是已经施涂的涂层或层压物的暴露表面。
待涂覆、层压和/或浸渍的所述无机或有机基质可以为任何固体形式。
例如,聚合物基质可以是膜、注塑制品、挤出的工件、纤维、毡、无纺的织物或纺织品形式的塑料。
例如在建造或制造耐用品如壁板(siding)、托板(fascia)和邮箱中使用的模制或挤出的聚合物制品全部能够受益于本发明的稳定剂补给的方法。
将受益于本发明的用途或方法的塑料包括,但不限于,在建造或制造耐用品或机器零件中使用的塑料,所述耐用品或机构零件包括户外设备、船、壁板、屋顶(roofing)、釉(glazing)、保护膜、贴花膜(decals)、密封剂、复合材料如塑料木材和纤维增强的复合材料、功能性膜,其包括在显示器(displays)中使用的膜,以及由合成纤维所制的制品例如布篷(awnings)、用于例如帆布或帆篷中的织物,和橡胶制品例如户外垫子,以及在本公开中引用的其它用途。该塑料的例子是聚丙烯、聚乙烯、PVC、POM、聚砜、苯乙烯类(styrenic)、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸类、丁二烯、热塑性聚烯烃、离聚物、不饱和的聚酯和聚合物树脂ABS、SAN和PC/ABS的共混物。
本发明还提供防止表面和/或材料的生物淤积的方法,其中将本发明的盐化合物(具有式I阳离子)加到涂料制剂或膜中,然后将所述涂料制剂或膜施用至制品表面。
本发明抗污组合物应用的例子是施用至易损表面的表面涂料、防护漆、浸渍组合物、其它涂料和层压材料,所述易损表面是例如,船的船体、船坞(docks)的表面或水循环或流通系统中管道内侧、暴露于雨水的墙壁、淋浴的墙壁、屋顶、排水沟(gutters)、池塘区域(pool areas)、桑拿室、暴露于潮湿环境例如地下室或车库的地面和墙壁、工具和户外设备的外壳。
例如,本发明抗污组合物尤其是可以用于下列物质的表面上和/或材料中:船体、船坞、浮标(buoys)、钻探平台、压舱水罐(ballast water tanks)、机器、机器零件(machine parts)、娱乐设施(recreational)、空调系统、离子交换器(ion exchangers)、工业用水系统(process water systems)、其它工业用水系统(industrial water systems)、太阳能单元、热交换器、井底水窝水泵(sumppump,油池泵)、排水系统、屋顶、地下室、墙壁、建筑物立面(facades)、温室、工棚(sheds)、罐区、布篷、花园栅栏(garden fencing)、木材保护、帐篷屋顶材料(tent roof material)、织物、户外设备、门垫、公共厕所、浴室、淋浴室、游泳池、桑拿室、填料(jointing)、密封剂(sealing compounds)、公共运输工具(public conveyances)、衣帽间等。
工业用水包括在封闭的或开放的循环系统中用于加热或冷却用途的任意工艺用水流。
为了对真菌和其它微生物以及这些生物的定殖具有活性,能够将本发明的盐化合物或抗污组合物二者选一地或除了用于涂覆和/或浸渍之外,还混合至用于形成产品或制品的材料或中间产物,例如混合至低聚物-和/或预-聚合物混合物或低聚物-和/或预-聚合物熔体(例如用于挤出或模制)或用于由天然或尤其是合成物质形成制品的组分,或者例如混合至用于在压制板(pressboard)或仿压制板的制造中粘合木材或其它碎屑的胶水或其它粘合物质,混合至粘合剂(adhesives)、水泥或其它灰浆或混凝土组分,混合至灰浆,混合至树脂,混合至溶液等。
本发明盐化合物的抗微生物和(尤其是在生物体尤其是真菌的定殖方面)抗附着性质能够根据标准方法例如通过实施例中所述的方法确定。这些测定显示本发明的盐化合物对抑制真菌生长以及对生物被膜的抑制具有良好的至非常好的活性。
本发明的优选实施方式:
本发明优选涉及这些实施方式,其中一个或多个较一般的定义或符号被上文或下文给出的更具体的定义所代替。
优选地,本发明涉及由如上所述的式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子组成的盐化合物和包含有效量的该盐的组合物的抗真菌用途,并且涉及一些新的该类盐化合物。
仍然更优选地,本发明涉及盐化合物的用途,所述盐化合物包括至少一种式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子或优选由至少一种式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子组成,其中
R1是C1-C20-烷基、苯基、被1至5个独立地选自C1-C10-烷基、羟基、C1-C10-烷氧基和C1-C7-烷酰氧基的部分取代的苯基;或苯基-C1-C20-烷基,其中苯基是未取代的或被1至5个独立地选自C1-C10-烷基、羟基、C1-C10-烷氧基和C1-C7-烷酰氧基的部分取代;
R2和R3各自独立地为C1-C7-烷基,
R4各自独立地为羟基或C1-C30-烷酰氧基;
R4’是氢,
每个R5是C1-C7-烷基,优选是甲基;以及
n为1至约30。
更优选地,本发明涉及盐化合物的用途,所述盐化合物包括一种或多种式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子或优选由一种或多种式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子组成,其中
R1是C1-C20-烷基;
R2和R3各自独立地为C1-C7-烷基,优选是甲基;
R4各自独立地为羟基或C1-C10-烷酰氧基;
R4’是氢,
R5是甲基;以及
n为1至约20。
在本公开中描述的本发明所有实施方式的优选实施方式涉及本发明的盐,其中式I阳离子的多分散性为至多约3。
在本公开中描述的本发明其它实施方式的另一优选实施方式涉及本发明的盐,其中式I阳离子具有约600至约3000的平均分子量。
本发明最优选的实施方式涉及在一个或多个实施例中所定义的本发明的盐,以及涉及在一个或多个实施例中所描述的制备或使用方法。
本发明优选还涉及包括属于式I阳离子优选实施方式的式I阳离子的组合物,其优选具有一种或多种其它的添加剂。
本发明也涉及本发明的组合物,该组合物包括作为抗微生物剂的优选的本发明盐化合物(尤其如在前述优选实施方式中所述),和/或涉及优选的本发明盐化合物(尤其如在前述优选实施方式中所述的)或尤其是包括优选的本发明盐化合物(如在前述优选实施方式中所述的)的组合物作为抗微生物剂的本发明的用途(或使用方法),该用途(或使用方法)包括将本发明的组合物或盐化合物给予到产品或制品的材料中或表面上。当需要时,可接着实施进一步的步骤,例如模制、固化等。也可以通过浸渍以其他方式得到的成品、中间产品和/或材料进行给予。
实施例:
下列实施例是为了说明本发明,而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:制备本发明的下列式Ia化合物:
将18.4g(25mmol)式(A)的末端环氧官能化的硅氧烷,
(其中n=1-19;硅氧烷是得自德国勒沃库森的GE Bayer Silicone GmbH & Co.KG,(GE以前也称为“General Electric”))、8.4g(50mmol)二甲基-(正己基)-胺盐酸盐和一滴三乙胺在70ml正丙醇中的混合物回流加热16小时。将溶剂真空蒸发,将残留物吸收在50ml二氯甲烷中,用10ml的1N氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤有机相一次,并用10ml水洗涤有机相一次。相分离后,得到有机相,并对其进行蒸发,得到标题产物,其为黄色的粘性油:1H-NMR与预期的结构相符(CDCL3,δ8ppm):0(m,25H,SiCH3),0.40(m,2H,SiCH2),0.80(m,3H,CH3),1.25(m,6H,CH2),1.50(m,2H,CH2),1.65(m,2H,CH2),3.30-3.45(m,15H,N/OCH2,NCH3m CH),4.35(m,1H,OH)。LC/ESMS确认分子量分布m/z=622+n*37(n=1-19)。
实施例2至6:类似地,使相应的叔胺盐酸盐与上面给出的式(A)硅氧烷(每种情况下,n=1-19)反应,得到下列式(Ia)至(If)的化合物:
实施例7:杀真菌活性
根据欧洲标准(European Standard)EN12175测试杀真菌活性。使孢子细胞数为约106cfu/ml的真菌孢子悬浮液与合适浓度的下表中给出的底物(substrate)接触,在连续搅拌下在室温孵育30分钟和50分钟后测定剩余孢子细胞数。作为重要的霉菌菌株,试验了绳状青霉(Penicillium funiculosum,DSM 1960)、黑曲霉(Aspergillis niger,DSM1957/ATCC 6275)和出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans,DSM2404)。DSM是指可以根据德国不伦瑞克DSMZ(德意志微生物和细胞培养物保藏中心,Deutsche Sammlung vonMikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH)给出的登录号获得的微生物。ATCC号是指可以从美国典型培养物保藏中心(American Type Culture Collection)获得的生物(见实施例7)。
在下表中给出结果,其是在每段孵育时间与水对照试验相比的对数下降(log reduction):
试验浓度(实施例) | 时间 | 绳状青霉对数下降cfu/ml30分钟1小时 | 黑曲霉对数下降cfu/ml30分钟1小时 | 绳状青霉对数下降cfu/ml30分钟1小时 |
接种物 | 4.60E+07 | 6.40E+07 | 1.0E+07 | |
H2O | 30分钟1小时 | 2.50E+062.90E+06 | 2.70E+053.00E+05 | 5.80E+056.70E+05 |
1%(实施例1) | 30分钟1小时 | <10 >4<10 >4 | 1.10E+04 1.42.10E+03 2.2 | <10 >4<10 >4 |
1%(实施例2) | 30分钟1小时 | <10 >4..<10 >4 | 4.10E+02 2.81.00E+01 >4 | <10 >4<10 >4 |
1%(实施例6) | 30分钟1小时 | 3.00E+01 >4<10 >4 | 2.00E+03 2.11.20E+02 3.4 | <10 >4<10 >4 |
测试的实施例显示出具有良好至非常良好的杀真菌活性。
实施例8:生物被膜抑制
在基于微量培养板的筛选测定(screening assay)中测试本发明化合物抑制初始阶段生物被膜形成的能力。使由聚碳酸酯制成的标准试样针(pins)(长度为约10mm长,直径为2-3mm)与浓度为0.5%的化合物水溶液或乙醇溶液接触1/2小时,从而使化合物在针表面上形成膜。然后在层流(laminarflow)下在室温将试验针干燥。使涂覆的针与在微量培养板中细胞数为104至105cfu/ml的金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的细菌接种物(bacterialinoculum)接触,历时24小时,使生物被膜形成于该塑料表面上。然后在两个漂洗步骤中用0.9%盐水将附着不牢固的细胞漂洗掉,接着使用超声处理去除表面上的生物被膜。将洗脱的细胞转移至新的微量培养板中的Caso肉汤(Caso broth,Sigma-Aldrich;胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤(tryptone soya broth),组成:2.5g/l右旋糖、2.5g/l磷酸氢二钾、3.0g/l大豆粉木瓜酶消化物(papaicdigest of soya bean meal)、5.0g氯化钠、17.0g胰蛋白胨(植物))中并使其生长,历时24小时通过测量620nm的光密度来监测生长情况。
在下表中给出结果,其为在24小时孵育过程中在给定的时间点的OD620值(620nm的光密度):
时间[小时] | 生长对照平均值 | 实施例2平均值 | 实施例3平均值 | 实施例1平均值 | 实施例4平均值 | 实施例5平均值 | 实施例6平均值 |
0 | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
0.5 | 0.005 | 0.000 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
1 | 0.006 | 0.000 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
1.5 | 0.009 | 0.000 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
2 | 0.017 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
2.5 | 0.031 | 0.001 | -0.001 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
3 | 0.064 | 0.004 | 0.000 | -0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
3.5 | 0.115 | 0.007 | 0.000 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
4 | 0.185 | 0.016 | 0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
4.5 | 0.267 | 0.029 | 0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
5 | 0.329 | 0.048 | 0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 | 0.000 |
5.5 | 0.389 | 0.072 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
6 | 0.419 | 0.103 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
6.5 | 0.454 | 0.141 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
7 | 0.471 | 0.180 | -0.001 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
7.5 | 0.483 | 0.223 | 0.001 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
8 | 0.488 | 0.263 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
8.5 | 0.492 | 0.299 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
9 | 0.494 | 0.325 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
9.5 | 0.497 | 0.346 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
10 | 0.497 | 0.360 | 0.001 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
10.5 | 0.497 | 0.369 | 0.001 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
11 | 0.495 | 0.376 | 0.001 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
11.5 | 0.493 | 0.380 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
12 | 0.492 | 0.384 | 0.001 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
12.5 | 0.491 | 0.385 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.001 |
13 | 0.489 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
13.5 | 0.489 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.003 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
14 | 0.486 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
14.5 | 0.484 | 0.387 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
15 | 0.482 | 0.387 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
15.5 | 0.481 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
16 | 0.478 | 0.385 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
16.5 | 0.476 | 0.385 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
17 | 0.473 | 0.384 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
17.5 | 0.470 | 0.384 | -0.001 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 |
18 | 0.468 | 0.385 | 0.000 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
18.5 | 0.463 | 0.385 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 |
19 | 0.460 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
19.5 | 0.455 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 |
20 | 0.451 | 0.387 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
20.5 | 0.446 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
21 | 0.442 | 0.386 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
21.5 | 0.436 | 0.387 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
22 | 0.429 | 0.389 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
22.5 | 0.423 | 0.390 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
23 | 0.417 | 0.390 | -0.001 | -0.004 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 |
23.5 | 0.410 | 0.391 | -0.001 | -0.004 | -0.004 | -0.003 | -0.003 |
24 | 0.404 | 0.392 | 0.000 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
与生长对照(无抑制剂存在的平均生长)相比,对实施例1、3、4、5和6的化合物分别没能够观察到生长,即,完全抑制初始的生物被膜。
实施例9:在柔性PVC、LDPE和基于胶乳的油漆中的效能
制备实施例1盐化合物在溶剂(四氢呋喃和/或丙酮)中的溶液,实施例1盐化合物的浓度为1%。将该溶液超声处理1分钟以确保试验的盐化合物完全溶解。然后,将下表中示出的材料(10 x 10cm)浸入该溶液(100ml)中并对其进行超声处理1分钟。将该材料从溶液中取出并在室温空气干燥数小时。然后将该涂覆的片材用于如下的微生物试验:
根据用于评价纺织品的抗菌活性的修改的AATCC-100标准测试实施例1的盐化合物的效能。通过吸取稀释的悬浮液至所述材料表面上,而使两种试验细菌的过夜培养物与所述处理的材料接触。然后在37℃孵育该物质24小时,接着通过将物质洗脱到中和培养基中、连续稀释(dilution series)和平板计数技术(plate counting technique)确定细胞数。金黄色葡萄球菌用作革兰氏阳性生物体(gram+organism)和大肠杆菌用作革兰氏阴性生物体(gram-organism),以及出芽短梗霉(Aspergillus pullulans)和黑曲霉用作真菌菌株。
空白试验显示两种生物体在孵育时间里的完全生长,而如在下表中所示,用实施例1化合物(式(Ia))处理过的材料没有显示任何生长(有活性:接种物细胞数降低至检测极限以下)。
物质 | 实施例1盐化合物的浓度 | 试验生物体 | 结果 |
柔性PVC | 0.2&0.5% | 金黄色葡萄球菌,出芽短梗霉 | 0.2%有活性0.5%有活性 |
水基乳胶漆 | 0.5&2% | 金黄色葡萄球菌,黑曲霉,出芽短梗霉 | 0.5%+/-有活性2%有活性2%有活性 |
Claims (10)
1.一种包括式I阳离子和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子的盐化合物作为杀菌剂的用途,
其中
R1、R2和R3各自独立地为C1-C30-烷基、C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷基或C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷基,其中芳基或环烷基是未取代的或取代的;
R4各自独立地为C1-C30-烷基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基、羟基、C1-C30-烷氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C30-环烷氧基、未取代的或取代的C6-C30-芳氧基、C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基-C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳基-C1-C30-烷酰氧基、未取代的或取代的C3-C10-环烷基-碳酰氧基或未取代的或取代的C6-C14-芳酰氧基,
以及R4’是氢,
或R4和R4’一起是氧;
R5各自独立地为C1-C7-烷基;以及
n为1至约50;
所述用途包括添加该盐化合物或组合物至材料、中间产品或产品。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中在所述式I阳离子中
R1是C1-C20-烷基、苯基、被1至5个独立地选自C1-C10-烷基、羟基、C1-C10-烷氧基和C1-C7-烷酰氧基的基团取代的苯基;或苯基-C1-C20-烷基,其中苯基是未取代的或被1至5个独立地选自C1-C10-烷基、羟基、C1-C10-烷氧基和C1-C7-烷酰氧基的基团取代;
R2和R3各自独立地为C1-C7-烷基,
R4各自独立地为羟基或C1-C30-烷酰氧基;
R4’是氢,
每个R5是C1-C7-烷基,优选是甲基;以及
n为1至约30;
和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子。
3.根据权利要求1的用途,其中在所述式I阳离子中
R1是C1-C20-烷基;
R2和R3各自独立地为C1-C7-烷基,优选是甲基;
R4各自独立地为羟基或C1-C10-烷酰氧基;
R4’是氢,
R5是甲基;以及
n为1至约20;
和一种或多种用于形成中性盐的阴离子。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项的用途,其中所述一种或多种阴离子是单或双电荷阴离子,并且对于每个上式的阳离子,存在p个式(IA)的阴离子,
Y(3-p)- (IA)
其中Y具有不止一种或者优选一种类型的Y,其中
Y是阴离子分子,其具有由(3-p)确定的整数数目的负电荷,并且
p为1或2。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项的用途,其中所述一种或多种阴离子选自卤离子如氯离子、碘离子、溴离子或氟离子、硫酸根,硫酸氢根,硝酸根、磷酸氢根、磷酸根、硼酸根、四氟硼酸根、乙酸根、柠檬酸根、对甲苯硫酸根、甲磺酸根、甲氧基磺酸根、三氟甲磺酸根、九氟丁磺酸根、2,2,2-三氟乙磺酸根和氟磺酸根,最优选选自卤离子、四氟硼酸根、硫酸氢根和甲氧基磺酸根。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项的用途,其中所述式I阳离子具有至多为约3的多分散性。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项的用途,其中所述式I阳离子具有约600至约3000的平均分子量。
9.包括式I阳离子的盐化合物用于抑制物质表面上的生物被膜的用途。
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