CN101360896A - 控制排气和进气的温度 - Google Patents

控制排气和进气的温度 Download PDF

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CN101360896A
CN101360896A CNA2006800510629A CN200680051062A CN101360896A CN 101360896 A CN101360896 A CN 101360896A CN A2006800510629 A CNA2006800510629 A CN A2006800510629A CN 200680051062 A CN200680051062 A CN 200680051062A CN 101360896 A CN101360896 A CN 101360896A
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temperature
exhaust
compressor
motor according
engine
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马克·斯达博林
阿克塞尔·拉德马赫尔
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Mack Trucks Inc
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Mack Trucks Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/028Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/44Passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet, e.g. reservoirs
    • F02B33/443Heating of charging air, e.g. for facilitating the starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/22Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/025Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus by changing the composition of the exhaust gas, e.g. for exothermic reaction on exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/042Combustion air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
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    • F02M31/02Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/06Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
    • F02M31/08Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air the gases being exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/02Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating
    • F02M31/04Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/06Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air
    • F02M31/08Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air the gases being exhaust gases
    • F02M31/083Temperature-responsive control of the amount of exhaust gas or combustion air directed to the heat exchange surface
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/202Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
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    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0418Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit the intake air cooler having a bypass or multiple flow paths within the heat exchanger to vary the effective heat transfer surface
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    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23Layout, e.g. schematics
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Abstract

一种具有发动机排气温度控制装置的发动机(21),包括具有进气口(23)和排气口(25)的发动机,具有入口(29)和出口(31)的压缩机(27),位于所述压缩机出口和所述发动机进气口之间的导管(33),位于所述压缩机出口(31)和所述压缩机入口(29)之间的循环导管(35)以及用于控制通过所述循环导管(35)的流的阀(37)。还公开了一种用于控制发动机温度的方法、一种用于控制发动机排气温度的方法以及一种用于控制发动机进气温度的方法。

Description

控制排气和进气的温度
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机,并且更特别地,涉及具有排气和进气温度控制的发动机。
背景技术
诸如由美国和欧洲的制定规章的官员强制推行的那些严格的排放规程已逐渐降低了柴油发动机的排气中所允许的柴油机颗粒物(DPM)和其它气体成分的量。由US07和Euro 5规章提出的排放等级是很低的,从而在不使用排气后处理装置的情况下不能满足这些排放等级。柴油机微粒过滤装置(DPF)和柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)是可用于服从微粒排放等级的装置的实例。
DPF从排气中过滤掉颗粒物以防止它们离开排气管。在一段时间的运行之后,所聚集的颗粒开始阻塞过滤器。过滤器或者需要进行不实用的替换或拆除以进行清洗或者它需要通过称为再生的过程对其本身进行清洗。DPM主要由碳组成,因此是可燃的。再生是这样一个过程,排气的温度足够高从而使DPM在过滤器之内燃烧。
当发动机在较高负载下运行时,排气温度一般足够高,无需辅助即可再生。然而,在轻负载或高循环负载期间,或当环境温度低时,排气的温度不够高从而不能产生再生。在这些时期,必须主动提升排气温度以促进再生或提高排气温度以有助于其它排气后处理装置的运行。
用于提供再生辅助的各种技术是已知的。例如,已知的是在排气流中直接使用电阻电加热元件以提高排气温度。还已知的是将燃料注入排气口中并在专用的喷燃器组件中燃烧该燃料以提升排气温度。另外已知的是将碳氢化合物注入排气中并使用通过催化氧化注入的碳氢化合物来升高排气温度的催化装置。向发动机施加发动机减速负载(制动负载)的排气节流装置也可用于使发动机在高发动机负载状况下运行,从而升高排气温度。此外还已知的是通过使用微波升高柴油机颗粒物(DPM)温度。
发明内容
期望提供一种特别是当发动机在低负载下运行时用于调节发动机排气温度的装置和方法。
期望提供一种用于调节发动机进气温度的装置和方法。
期望提供一种用于调节发动机进气和排气温度的装置和方法,作为加速发动机起动时的预热并在较长的怠速期间保持升高的发动机温度的手段。
根据本发明的一方面,一种具有发动机排气温度控制装置的发动机包括具有进气口和排气口的发动机、具有入口和出口的压缩机、位于所述压缩机出口和所述发动机进气口之间的导管、位于所述压缩机出口和所述压缩机入口之间的循环导管以及用于控制通过所述循环导管的流的阀。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种用于控制发动机排气温度的方法包括压缩压缩机中的增压空气,以及使压缩气体从所述压缩机的出口再循环所述压缩机的入口,从而来自所述压缩机的所述出口的压缩气体包括增压空气和再循环压缩气体的混合物。
根据本发明的又一方面,一种用于控制发动机进气温度的方法包括将来自压缩机出口的压缩气体分开,使得所述压缩气体的至少第一部分再循环到所述压缩机的入口,且所述压缩气体的至少第二部分流向发动机进气口,以及压缩所述压缩机中的所述再循环压缩气体和增压空气。
根据本发明的再一方面,一种用于控制发动机运行温度的方法包括将来自压缩机出口的压缩气体分开,使得所述压缩气体的至少第一部分再循环到所述压缩机的入口,且所述压缩气体的至少第二部分流向发动机进气口,压缩所述压缩机中的所述再循环压缩气体和增压空气,以及控制再循环到所述压缩机的所述入口的所述压缩气体的量以保持理想的发动机运行温度。
附图说明
通过阅读下文结合附图给出的详细描述将会更好地理解本发明的特征和优点,在附图中,相同的附图标记指示相似的元件,其中:
图1是根据本发明实施例的发动机的示意图。
具体实施方式
具有发动机排气温度控制装置的发动机21在图1中示出。发动机21具有进气口23和排气口25。典型地,进气口23和排气口25将是进气和排气歧管的形式。发动机21可以是任意期望类型的发动机,然而,本发明目前预期为在柴油发动机方面具有特定的应用。
设置有压缩机27,该压缩机具有入口29和出口31。增压空气入口57连接到压缩机入口29。导管33设置在压缩机出口31和发动机进气口23之间。循环导管35设置在压缩机出口31和压缩机入口29之间。阀37设置用于控制通过循环导管35的流。
压缩机27通常是包括压缩机的涡轮增压器或机械驱动的增压器39的部件。其它压缩机27可包括离心式压缩机或容积泵,其可以是增压器的组件。为了说明,将描述包括涡轮增压器的实施例。涡轮增压器39可包括具有入口43和出口45的涡轮41。发动机排气口25可连接到涡轮入口43,涡轮41可由来自发动机排气口的排气驱动,并且该涡轮可驱动压缩机27。
离开发动机21的排气的温度与燃烧的燃料量、燃烧空气的量以及当它被引入发动机时该燃烧空气的入口温度直接相关。在具有排气温度控制装置的发动机21中,已通过涡轮增压器39的压缩机27压缩的空气再循环回到压缩机入口29中。气体流可使用阀37控制,诸如将再循环限制到期望主动提高排气温度的次数。
通过使一部分入口空气反复通过压缩机27再循环,到发动机的入口空气的温度可明显升高。此外,因为部分的总质量流量正通过压缩机27进行再循环,所以可降低传送到发动机21的入口空气的总质量流量。另外,为涡轮增压器或增压器39的压缩机供以动力所需的功的量将增加,以将指定质量流量的新鲜空气传送到发动机,因此针对给定的发动机运转状况允许燃烧更多的燃料,并导致发动机排气温度的升高。
排气后处理装置47可设置在涡轮41的下游,并可在高排气温度下通过在高温下进入排气后处理装置的排气来运行,所述高温即相对于排气在没有穿过循环导管35的再循环或其它排气加热的情况下进入后处理装置的温度的高的温度。尽管后处理装置47在图1中显示为柴油机微粒过滤器DPF,但是代替或除了DPF之外可设置任意数量的后处理装置。例如,排气后处理装置47可包括柴油机氧化催化剂和/或柴油机NOx催化剂。排气后处理装置47可以是如下类型的,其适于通过在高温下,诸如可能发生排气后处理装置的再生的温度下进入排气后处理装置的排气的再生,诸如对于例如DPF的装置、包括柴油机氧化催化剂的装置以及包括柴油机NOx催化剂的装置而言就是这种情况。
控制器49可设置用于控制阀37的打开和关闭,由此以诸如通过将排气的温度升高到足够用于后处理装置47的再生或效能提高的温度来控制该排气的温度。将理解地是对于阀的“打开和关闭”包括根据需要将阀打开和关闭到小于完全打开和小于完全关闭的状态。这里所描述的阀可以是开/关型阀门或能够调节到完全打开与完全关闭之间的多个位置的阀门。尽管此处关于发动机排气的温度调节进行了描述,但是将理解的是阀37的打开和关闭也可用于调节发动机21的进气口23处的气体的温度,诸如便于发动机在寒冷天气下的预热或保持发动机的进排气系统或排气再循环(EGR)冷却器53内的气体在其露点(dew point)之上,以防止可能造成危害的冷凝作用。当对进入发动机进气口的气体温度进行调节时,紧接着是离开发动机排气口的气体温度也将得到调节。除了便于调节排气温度外,根据本发明的装置还可适于在发动机起动期间促进燃烧和排气温度的升高,以降低冷起动期间碳氢化合物的废气排放,并且可用于诸如通过周期性地使装置循环打开和关闭以保持至少最小的理想发动机温度来保持发动机处于暖机状况,和/或诸如通过紧邻进气口或排气口设置适当的热交换器56以利用该高温来提供驾驶室加热,和/或诸如通过在最佳的发动机温度下运行使燃烧最优化。可将温度监控器(未示出)设置在发动机上和/或诸如与发动机关联的车辆驾驶室的空间中。温度监控器可向控制器49发送信号以打开或关闭阀37,从而调节发动机的温度或空间中的温度。
为便于在后处理装置47之前对排气加热,可与控制器49一起运行的一个或多个辅助排气加热组件55可设置用于将涡轮41下游的排气加热到高的排气温度,诸如后处理装置可发生再生的温度。辅助排气加热组件55可包括下列中的一个或多个:位于排气流中的电阻加热元件;用于将燃料注入排气流中并使其在专用的喷燃气组件中燃烧的燃烧器装置;催化装置、碳氢化合物源以及碳氢化合物喷射器,该催化装置通过催化氧化注入的碳氢化合物来升高排气流温度;用于施加发动机减速负载以使发动机在高负载状况下运行,从而产生具有高温的排气流的排气节流装置;以及微波装置。当然,控制器49可运行以控制阀37的打开和关闭,从而也可在无需使用辅助排气加热组件的情况下将排气温度提升到诸如再生温度的高温。
包括阀37和循环导管35的再循环系统的另一益处是该系统能够降低增压压力,从而减少通过发动机21的气流。通过发动机21的气流的减少直接增加了排气温度。因此,除了通过循环进气口空气以加热空气来增加排气温度之外,循环的进气口空气降低了增压压力,并且还能够以这种方式增加排气温度。进气口空气的增压压力还可通过诸如穿过循环导管35中的通风孔37a排出压缩机27下游的一些进气口空气来降低。
涡轮增压器的涡轮可用作排气节流装置,辅助装置58也可用作排气节流装置,所述辅助装置诸如排气压力调节器或诸如阀之类的其它可商业购得的装置。此外,如果增压器是具有可调节、可打开和可关闭叶片类型的可变几何尺寸的涡轮增压器(VGT),那么对于其大部分运行范围而言,当VGT叶片关闭时,涡轮在排气管线中产生了节流,然而它增加了通过发动机的气流,从而降低了排气温度。但是,在某些很小开口的情况下,涡轮增压器可以如下状况运行,其中VGT阻塞流动并有效地提升排气温度,但这是难以控制的。通过包括再循环系统可关闭VGT,并且不会产生附加的增压,其中再循环系统包括循环导管35和阀37(以及通风孔37a)。这使得VGT可通过增加排气口处的负载/压力以及通过降低增压压力而减少进气口处的气流来以稳定可控的方式作为节流装置运行。
除了或代替提供一个或多个辅助排气加热组件55外,进气和排气的温度也可通过一个或多个辅助进气加热组件55’调节。例如,辅助进气加热组件55’可包括诸如用于辅助排气加热组件55的装置。
CAC 51可设置在导管33中,控制器49可适于控制阀37的打开和关闭,以控制离开增压空气冷却器的气体温度。对CAC 51下游的气体温度的进一步控制可通过提供增压空气冷却器旁通装置59来提供。增压空气冷却器旁通装置59可包括分别在位于CAC 51的上游和下游的点63和65处连接到导管33的管线61。
尽管CAC 51显示为设置在循环导管35和阀37的下游,但是CAC51’(以虚线显示的)可设置在循环导管35和阀37的上游。可为CAC 51’提供CAC旁路(未示出)。如果阀37正好安装在压缩机27排气之后,那么压缩机排气温度超过阀的安全运行范围是可能的。如果比压缩机排出的空气更冷的空气,诸如CAC后的空气流过阀37,那么可减小或消除超过阀37的容许温度的可能性。此外,流过较冷空气的阀可更小同时仍提供相同的质量流速。由于运行温度较低,所以系统还可由更廉价的材料构成。而且,如果空气排到大气中,较冷空气将避免对出口附近的部件加热。另外,将循环导管35和阀37设置在CAC 51’之后可能会降低CAC的效能。
可替换的或附加的增压空气冷却器旁通装置59’包括EGR管线61’,该EGR管线61’在点63’处连接到发动机排气口25,并在位于CAC 51下游的点65’处连接到导管33。EGR管线61’可包括EGR冷却器53。此外,可省去CAC旁通装置59,并且CAC可通过从CAC上游的导管33到EGR冷却器上游或者EGR冷却器下游的EGR管线61’的连接(未示出)来形成旁路。
循环导管35可与压缩机27成一体,诸如作为压缩机的部件形成。可选地,循环导管35可位于压缩机外部,诸如通过由连接到压缩机或连接到与压缩机相连的导管组成,所述导管诸如软管、管子等。此外,循环导管35可部分与压缩机27成一体而部分位于压缩机外部。
将参照图1描述本发明的用于控制发动机排气温度的方法的方面。根据该方法,在压缩机27中压缩来自增压空气入口57的增压空气。压缩气体从压缩机27的出口31再循环到压缩机的入口29,从而来自压缩机出口的压缩气体包括增压空气和再循环压缩气体的混合物。这样,可便于获得理想的压缩气体温度。
将压缩气体供给到发动机进气口23。可设置CAC 51,并且至少一些压缩气体可通过发动机进气口23上游的CAC 51。此外,可将CAC旁路59设置在压缩机27的出口31和发动机进气口23之间,且一些压缩气体可通过该CAC旁路。使一些压缩气体通过CAC 51以及使一些压缩气体通过CAC旁路59可有助于发动机21的进气口23处的气体获得理想的温度。
压缩机27可以是包括涡轮41的涡轮增压器39的压缩机。发动机排气可流向涡轮41以驱动涡轮,该涡轮又可驱动压缩机27。
控制器49可诸如通过分别控制增压空气入口57和循环导管35中的阀67和37的打开和关闭,来控制压缩机27中的增压空气和再循环压缩气体的比率。当需要对通过各种管线的流量进行其它调节时,所有的管线可设有能通过控制器49控制的阀。例如,排气口25和涡轮入口43之间的管线73可包括可控阀75,EGR管线61’可包括可控阀77,CAC旁路管线61可包括可控阀79,而其它管线可包括其它可控阀(未示出)。
将结合图1描述本发明的用于控制发动机进气温度的另一方法的方面。根据该方法,将来自压缩机27的出口31的压缩气体分开,使得压缩气体的至少第一部分通过循环导管35再循环到压缩机的入口29,而压缩气体的至少第二部分流向发动机进气口23。在压缩机27中压缩再循环压缩气体和来自增压空气入口57的增压空气。压缩气体的第一部分和第二部分的比率通过诸如利用控制器49控制循环导管35中的阀37的打开和关闭而进行控制。
可在导管33中设置阀(未示出),用于与阀37一起或通过其本身控制压缩气体的第一部分和第二部分的比率。再循环压缩气体和增压空气的比率也可通过控制器49,诸如通过控制循环导管35中的阀37以及增压空气入口57中的阀67的打开和关闭而进行控制。将理解的是阀37、67、75、77和79中的任一个的打开和关闭可影响该比率。阀的一个或多个也可通过控制器49进行控制,以控制压缩机27的入口29处的再循环压缩气体和增压空气的比率。阀,特别是导管33中的阀还可用于产生节流,使得发动机传送的给定质量流量的入口空气所需的功的量增加。
来自发动机21的排气口25的至少一些排气可再循环到发动机进气口23,诸如通过EGR管线61’。该再循环排气可在排气再循环冷却器53中冷却。此外,压缩气体的第二部分的至少一些可在CAC 51中冷却。压缩气体的第二部分的至少一些可绕过CAC。
在本申请中,诸如“包括”之类的术语的使用是开放式的,意在与诸如“包含”之类的术语具有相同的意义,并不排除存在其它结构、材料或作用。同样地,尽管诸如“能够”或“可以”之类的术语的使用确定为开放式的并意在反映该结构、材料或作用不是必需的,但是不使用这些术语并不意在反映该结构、材料或作用是一定必要的。当目前认为该结构、材料或作用是一定必要的时,则将它们确定为这样。
尽管已根据优选实施例对本发明进行了说明和描述,但是应认识到在不偏离如在权利要求中所提出的本发明的情况下,可对其进行变形和变化。

Claims (50)

1、一种具有发动机排气温度控制装置的发动机,包括:
具有进气口和排气口的发动机;
具有入口和出口的压缩机;
位于所述压缩机出口和所述发动机进气口之间的导管;
位于所述压缩机出口和所述压缩机入口之间的循环导管;以及
用于控制通过所述循环导管的流的阀。
2、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括增压器,所述增压器包括所述压缩机。
3、根据权利要求2所述的发动机,其中,所述增压器包括涡轮增压器。
4、根据权利要求3所述的发动机,其中,所述涡轮增压器包括具有入口和出口的涡轮,所述发动机排气口连接到所述涡轮入口,并且所述涡轮由来自所述发动机排气口的排气驱动,所述涡轮驱动所述压缩机。
5、根据权利要求3所述的发动机,包括适于提高排气压力并降低压缩机增压的可变几何尺寸的涡轮增压器。
6、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括位于所述涡轮下游的排气后处理装置,所述排气后处理装置适于通过在高排气温度下进入所述排气后处理装置的排气而在高温下运行;以及控制器,所述控制器适于控制所述阀的打开和关闭以控制所述排气的温度。
7、根据权利要求6所述的发动机,其中,所述排气后处理装置适于通过在所述高排气温度下进入所述排气后处理装置的排气来再生。
8、根据权利要求6所述的发动机,包括可与所述控制器一起运行的至少一个辅助气体加热组件,以将所述涡轮下游的排气加热到所述高排气温度。
9、根据权利要求6所述的发动机,其中,所述排气后处理装置包括柴油机微粒过滤器。
10、根据权利要求6所述的发动机,其中,所述排气后处理装置包括催化装置。
11、根据权利要求6所述的发动机,其中,所述排气后处理装置包括柴油机氧化催化剂。
12、根据权利要求6所述的发动机,其中,所述排气后处理装置包括NOx催化剂。
13、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括至少一个辅助气体加热组件,所述辅助气体加热组件可运行以加热气体,使得排气的温度相对于在没有所述辅助气体加热组件运行的情况下的排气的温度升高。
14、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件设置在所述发动机下游。
15、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件设置在所述发动机上游。
16、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件包括电阻加热元件。
17、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件包括用于将燃料注入气体流中并使其在专用的喷燃气组件中燃烧的燃烧器装置。
18、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件包括催化装置、碳氢化合物源以及碳氢化合物喷射器,所述催化装置通过催化氧化注入的碳氢化合物来升高气体流温度。
19、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件包括排气节流装置,该排气节流装置用于施加发动机减速负载以使所述发动机在高负载状况下运行,从而产生具有高温的排气流。
20、根据权利要求13所述的发动机,其中,所述辅助气体加热组件包括微波装置。
21、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括位于所述导管中的增压空气冷却器和适于控制所述阀的打开和关闭从而控制离开所述增压空气冷却器的气体的温度的控制器。
22、根据权利要求21所述的发动机,包括连接到所述压缩机的所述入口的增压空气入口。
23、根据权利要求21所述的发动机,包括增压空气冷却器旁通装置。
24、根据权利要求23所述的发动机,其中,所述增压空气冷却器旁通装置包括在位于所述增压空气冷却器的上游和下游的点处连接到所述导管的管线。
25、根据权利要求24所述的发动机,其中,所述增压空气冷却器旁通装置包括EGR管线,所述EGR管线在其一端连接到所述发动机排气口而在另一端连接到位于所述增压空气冷却器下游的所述导管。
26、根据权利要求23所述的发动机,其中,所述增压空气冷却器旁通装置包括EGR管线,所述EGR管线在其一端连接到所述发动机排气口,并连接到位于所述增压空气冷却器下游的所述导管。
27、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括设置在所述阀下游的增压空气冷却器。
28、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括设置在所述阀上游的增压空气冷却器。
29、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括位于所述压缩机下游的通风孔。
30、根据权利要求28所述的发动机,其中所述通风孔设置在所述循环导管中。
31、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,其中,所述循环导管与所述压缩机成一体。
32、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,其中,所述循环导管位于所述压缩机外部。
33、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,包括温度监控器,所述温度监控器用于监控所述发动机的温度并向控制器发送信号以打开和关闭所述阀,从而保持所述发动机处于理想的温度。
34、根据权利要求1所述的发动机,其中,所述发动机与一空间相关,所述发动机包括热交换器和温度监控器,所述热交换器适于在所述发动机和所述空间之间交换热量,所述温度监控器用于监控空间的温度并向控制器发送信号以打开和关闭所述阀,从而保持所述空间处于理想的温度。
35、一种用于控制发动机排气温度的方法,包括:
压缩压缩机中的增压空气;以及
使压缩气体从所述压缩机的出口再循环到所述压缩机的入口,从而来自所述压缩机的所述出口的压缩气体包括增压空气和再循环压缩气体的混合物。
36、根据权利要求35所述的用于控制发动机排气温度的方法,包括向发动机进气口供给压缩空气。
37、根据权利要求36所述的用于控制发动机排气温度的方法,包括使至少一些压缩气体通过位于所述发动机进气口上游的冷却器。
38、根据权利要求37所述的用于控制发动机排气温度的方法,包括使至少一些压缩气体通过冷却器旁路。
39、根据权利要求35所述的用于控制发动机排气温度的方法,其中,所述压缩机是涡轮增压器的压缩机,并且所述涡轮增压器包括涡轮,发动机排气至少部分地流向所述涡轮,且所述涡轮由发动机排气驱动,所述涡轮驱动所述压缩机。
40、根据权利要求35所述的用于控制发动机排气温度的方法,包括控制所述压缩机中的增压空气和再循环压缩气体的比率。
41、一种用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括:
将来自压缩机出口的压缩气体分开,使得所述压缩气体的至少第一部分再循环到所述压缩机的入口,且所述压缩气体的至少第二部分流向发动机进气口;以及
压缩所述压缩机中的所述再循环压缩气体和增压空气。
42、根据权利要求41所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括控制所述压缩气体的所述第一部分和所述第二部分的比率。
43、根据权利要求41所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括控制所述再循环压缩气体和所述增压空气的比率。
44、根据权利要求41所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括使至少一些排气从所述发动机的排气口再循环到所述发动机进气口。
45、根据权利要求44所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括在排气再循环冷却器中冷却所述再循环排气。
46、根据权利要求41所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括在增压空气冷却器中冷却所述压缩气体的所述第二部分的至少一些。
47、根据权利要求46所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括使所述压缩气体的所述第二部分的至少一些绕过所述增压空气冷却器。
48、根据权利要求46所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括使至少一些排气从所述发动机的排气口再循环到所述发动机进气口。
49、根据权利要求48所述的用于控制发动机进气温度的方法,包括在排气再循环冷却器中冷却所述再循环排气。
50、一种用于控制发动机运行温度的方法,包括:
将来自压缩机出口的压缩气体分开,使得所述压缩气体的至少第一部分再循环到所述压缩机的入口,且所述压缩气体的至少第二部分流向发动机进气口;
压缩所述压缩机中的所述再循环压缩气体和增压空气;以及
控制再循环到所述压缩机的所述入口的所述压缩气体的量以保持理想的发动机运行温度。
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CN104832257A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2015-08-12 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种发动机排温控制装置、机动车及控制方法
CN104832257B (zh) * 2015-04-28 2017-09-05 潍柴动力股份有限公司 一种发动机排温控制装置、机动车及控制方法
CN106855007A (zh) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-16 王翔 一种汽车尾气利用装置
CN108571379A (zh) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-25 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 操作具有涡轮增压器的内燃机的方法
CN107355288A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2017-11-17 安吉安畅道路施救服务有限公司 一种尾气热能环保利用装置

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