CN101341978A - Holothurian peptide functional food and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Holothurian peptide functional food and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sea cucumber polypeptide functional food and a preparation method thereof which not only remarkably improves the content of polypeptide, but also has no chemical residues; the contents of salt and arsenic are low; the food is healthier and safer to eat; simultaneously the food is simply operated, easily controlled, is effective and saves energies. The key technical scheme includes: selecting a compound protease of Protamex and needing not to adjust the pH value of materials; carrying out processes of desalting and arsenic removing on an enzymolysis liquid; more than 80 percent of the molecular weight of the product is between 100 to 6000Dalt; wherein, the small polypeptide of 100 to 2100Dalt is more than 70 percent; the product components and the content weight percentages are as follows: 50 to 60 percent of polypeptide, 5 to 10 percent of free amino acids, 2.5 to 7.5 percent of mucoitin as well as containing the inherent nutrition components of a plurality of minerals and vitamins of the sea cucumber. The product has the effects of resisting knub, reducing blood pressure, preventing cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, resisting fatigue, delaying senescence, improving the immunity. The food can be used as a healthy food to eat and can also be used as a food and a medicine additive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the functional food that a kind of marine organisms utilize the protein digestion technology to be processed into, the holothurian peptide functional food that especially a kind of sea cucumber is processed into through protein digestion.The invention still further relates to the preparation method of this product.
Background technology
Sea cucumber is exactly the famous and precious good merchantable brand and the good medicine of preventing and treating some diseases of the nourishing and fit keeping function of China's successive dynasties doctor work record since ancient times.Point out in Ming Dynasty's " food book on Chinese herbal medicine " that sea cucumber has main tonifying primordial Qi, grows the beneficial vital organs of the human body and the deficient health-preserving function of dispelling.Chinese medicine ancient books and records such as Qing Dynasty's supplementary Amplifications of the Compendium of Materia Medica are then put down in writing: sea cucumber, warm in nature, sweet-salty is gone into heart kidney channel.Have and give birth to hundred arteries and veins blood, tonifying kidney and benefiting sperm, establishing-Yang and treat impotence, remove dispel disease, nourishing yin to promote diuresis, the soft heavily fortified point of revisal and logical intestines of labor and multiple function such as moisturize.As seen, sea cucumber is as invigorant and Dietotherapy medicament, " effect of promoting longevity is arranged, can compare favourably with genseng completely ".
Sea cucumber is ranked first of the marine products eight delicacies, and nutriment is very abundant, and edible part accounts for 100%, contains protein 16.5g, fatty 0.2g, carbohydrate 0.9g, Cobastab in every hectogram
10.03mg, Cobastab
20.04mg, niacin 0.1mg, vitamin E 3.14mg, methylnaphthohydroquinone 3mg, Na502mg, Ca28mg, Mg149mg, Fe13.2mg, Mn0.76mg, Zn0.63mg, Cu0.05mg, P28mg, Se63.9 μ g, I600 μ g and 0.4mg vanadium.The physiological function of vanadium is that the iron in the body is transferred liver, thereby iron can fully be absorbed, and forms hemoglobin.Therefore, sea cucumber is a kind of typical high protein, low fat, does not contain cholesterol, is rich in the high-quality health food of mineral matter and vitamin.
Modern study proves, sea cucumber not only nutriment is abundant, and contain and manyly have important biomolecule and learn active materials, as sea cucumber polysaccharide, selenka, aliphatic acid, active peptide, sea cucumber gangliosides etc., that these bioactivators have is antitumor, anticoagulation, antiviral, anti-oxidant, radioresistance, antifatigue, raising immunity, reducing blood lipid, inhibition thrombosis, prevent and treat effects such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and Osteoarthritis.Protein in the sea cucumber body wall (polypeptide) content based on collagen, contains high glycine, proline, hydroxylysine up to 90%, and donkey-hide gelatin, tortoise-shell glue, turtle carapace glue and the deer horn glue that can mend glue with traditional Chinese medicine is at composition and use and compare favourably.Except that the content of lysine and arginine etc. is higher, also contains tryptophan, thereby improved the nutritive value of single collagen in the NCP matter, this be again above-mentioned traditional medicine glue can't be obtained.In recent years, sea cucumber more and more is subject to people's attention and utilizes as important food resource and drug resource, the focus that becomes scientific research and develop new product.
At present, the cucumber product on the market mainly contains salt marsh sea cucumber, dried sea-cucumber, instant holothurian, beche-de-mer capsules etc.Wherein the beche-de-mer capsules product processing technique of deep processing has two kinds, and a kind of is physical method based on drying and crushing, and a kind of is biological technique method based on enzymolysis.Two kinds of method product processed, though identical on the outward appearance formulation, aspect product quality and performances, but exist difference.For this high protein diet of sea cucumber, the physical method of drying and crushing can not fundamentally change the characteristic of protein macromolecule, and product activity is low, and absorptivity is low, dissolubility, poor stability, and the application of product is subjected to some limitation.And the enzymolysis biological technique method can make macromolecular protein become small-molecular peptides, and its biologically active is strengthened greatly, and no antigen, can not produce allergic reaction; Dissolubility, stability, low viscosity all improve greatly, and the processing characteristics of product is improved; Small-molecular peptides also has than the characteristics that amino acid absorbs soon, absorptivity is high, also has the not available assistance conveying function of amino acid, promptly can be used as carrier and transports various nutritional labelings, and the effect of product is farthest brought into play.At present, biological enzymolysis technology has become the main flow of biologically active peptide and protolysate research and development of products and application.
Chinese invention patent notification number CN1087148C, " a kind of sea cucumber hydrolysate series of products and processing method thereof " disclosed, this method adopts the enzymolysis liquid weight percentages of components of As1.398 neutral proteinase and pepsin or bromelain enzymolysis gained to be: the active peptide 5～20% of 2～10 peptides, amino acid and the low nitrogenous thing 10～55% of molecule, holothurin 0.1～1.5%, mucopolysaccharide 0.5～5%, excess water; " Dalian Polytechnic College journal " the 20th volume the 2nd interim " optimizations of sea cucumber proteolysis process conditions " literary composition of publishing June calendar year 2001 discloses the optimum process condition with As1.398 neutral protease enzymolysis sea cucumber, and low molecular peptide in the enzymolysis product that is obtained (molecular weight is less than 2600) content is 1.76%; " Dalian Polytechnic College journal " the 25th volume the 1st interim " the trypsin digestion legal system is equipped with the process conditions of sea cucumber peptide " literary composition of publishing in March, 2006 discloses the optimum process condition with the trypsin digestion sea cucumber, and sea cucumber peptide yield can reach 32.93%.
The shortcoming and defect of above-mentioned prior art is, pepsin of selecting for use and trypsase cost an arm and a leg, and side reaction is many; Bromelain efficient is low, is not suitable for suitability for industrialized production; Though As1.398 neutral proteinase efficient is moderate, produce bitter peptides.In general, the enzyme preparation efficient of selecting for use is low, and the reaction time is long, and polypeptide yield is not high, and production efficiency is not high; Adjust the pH value of material in the enzymolysis process repeatedly with bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, operate cumbersomely, time-consuming, and wayward, chemical residues is arranged in the product unavoidably; Do not have desalination dearsenification process in the production technology, real product salt content is too high, and mouthfeel is too salty, and arsenic content restriction index is unstable because of the raw material producing region changes, and these safe and sanitary health to product all have adverse effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the shortcoming and defect that overcomes prior art, a kind of content of peptides height is provided, the small-molecular peptides content height of 2～10 peptides particularly, there is not chemical residues, the holothurian peptide functional food of the safe and sanitary health that salt content is low, arsenic content is low makes its preparation method easy and simple to handle simultaneously, is easy to control, the production efficiency height, energy savings.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: with fresh and alive sea cucumbers or dry product sea cucumber is raw material, makes through technologies such as preliminary treatment, rubbing, defibrination, enzymolysis, the enzyme that goes out, filtration, dryings.Enzyme preparation is selected the Protamex compound protease for use, need not adjust the pH value of material in the enzymolysis process, enzymolysis liquid filters, the desalination dearsenification is handled, and the molecular weight product of gained is distributed in more than 80% between 100～6000Dalt like this, and wherein 100～2100Dalt (2～10 peptide) accounts for more than 70%; The percentage by weight of product main component and content comprises, polypeptide 50～60% (wherein 2～10 peptides 38～45%), free amino acid 5.0～10%, mucopolysaccharide 2.5～5.5% also comprises other nutritional labelings such as the intrinsic several mineral materials of sea cucumber itself, vitamin.
Technical scheme of the present invention can also be: sea cucumber is rubbed with meat grinder after preliminary treatment, and the rubbing degree is controlled with the orifice plate of Φ 6～Φ 12mm; Rub back supermicro mill defibrination, defibrination fineness 2～50 μ m; Enzyme preparation is selected the Protamex compound protease for use, and specification requirement is: adjust concentration of substrate to 3～12% with drinking water; Enzyme concentration 0.2～0.5% (weight in wet base ratio); 35～60 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, enzymolysis time 2～4 hours need not be adjusted the pH value of material in the enzymolysis process; Enzymolysis liquid filters, and adopts filter to carry out several 60～100 orders of stainless steel mesh, operating pressure 0.2～0.3Mpa; The desalination dearsenification is handled, and adopts NF membrane to carry out, operating pressure 0.15～0.2Mpa, and 1～2 hour circulation timei of material, feeding temperature is no more than 45 ℃; 80～90 ℃ of enzyme-removal temperatures kept 5～20 minutes; Go out and need not lower the temperature behind the enzyme, directly carry out drying, adopt centrifugal spray dryer, 180～200 ℃ of EATs, 70～80 ℃ of leaving air temps also can adopt forms such as freeze drying, microwave drying to carry out.
To the preliminary treatment of sea cucumber raw material, be meant the rehydration processing of cuing open of fresh sea cucumber being washed processing and dry product sea cucumber in the technical scheme of the present invention, concrete grammar is, fresh sea cucumber is cut open along belly integral body with scissors, take out intestines, flush away silt, use at once after washing down with clear water or refrigerating stand-by.The dry product sea cucumber earlier with clear water flush away surface attachments, is used clear water then, hot-water soak a few hours preferably, treats that rehydration effect reaches feel when softer, can process use.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Because the Protamex compound protease selected for use is the pH value 5.5～7.5 of suitable condition of work, just in time the pH value 6.75 with fresh sea cucumber matches, so do not need to adjust the pH value of material with bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry, promptly can farthest bring into play the vigor of enzyme, thereby saved program and the trouble of adjusting pH value, saved the time, also made operation become simple, the residual of chemicals avoided in control again easily;
Because the Protamex compound protease selected for use belongs to restriction endonuclease, mainly from protein interior peptide bond is opened, enzymolysis product mainly is a polypeptide, does not produce basically or produces free amino acid less, and polypeptide yield obviously improves;
Enzymolysis liquid carries out the desalination dearsenification with NF membrane to be handled, both reduced salt content and the arsenic content in the product, the safe and sanitary and the health of product have been guaranteed, simultaneously because desalination dearsenification process is a concentrated process, portion of water is removed, this will alleviate the burden of follow-up drying greatly, both enhance productivity, again energy savings;
In addition, selected Protamex compound protease is a kind of bacillus protease complex that aims at the hydrolysis food protein and develop, and is different with many other endo proteases, even also can not produce bitter peptides in the enzymolysis process under the situation of low in hydrolysis degree, therefore, the taste of product is more delicious.
Experiment showed, sea cucumber peptide product of the present invention, have fine solubility, stability, low viscosity, as food additives, processing is become easily, the matter structure of food, hardness, mouthfeel etc. all improve; As health food, absorb fast, absorptivity is high, effect is obvious, and is safe, has antitumor, hypotensive, prevention cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, antifatigue, delays senility, improves effect such as immunity.
Summary is got up, and the present invention has the incomparable beneficial effect of prior art: simple to operate, and control easily; The enzymolysis efficiency height, the yield height of polypeptide, free amino acid is few; The desalination dearsenification is dewatered again, has not only safeguarded and has given birth to safety but also energy-conservation; Product does not have bitter taste, and taste is more delicious, and active peptide is abundant, and efficacy effect is strong.
The specific embodiment
By specific embodiments of the invention given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not limitation of the invention.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage that is adopted in the present embodiment is percetage by weight.
Embodiment 1:
Earlier fresh sea cucumber is cut open along belly integral body, taken out intestines, flush away silt is rinsed well stand-by with drinking water.Take by weighing sea cucumber after cleaning by every pot of inventory 150kg, rub with meat grinder, the rubbing degree is with the orifice plate control of aperture Φ 8mm.Sea cucumber after the rubbing is used the supermicro mill defibrination, below the defibrination fineness 10 μ m.Add water in the defibrination process in right amount, make material keep good easy stream mode.Slip is squeezed in the enzymolysis cylinder with pump, is settled to 300kg with drinking water, concentration about 9%.Slip heats up under stirring, rule of thumb accurately sets the heter temperature controlling value, is stabilized in the prescribed limit to guarantee final temperature.Treat when temperature rises to 45 ℃ enzyme-added.The enzyme product are the Protamex compound protease of 1.5AU/g for the mark vigor that Denmark Novi letter (China) Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces, and enzyme concentration 0.6kg need not adjust the pH value of material when enzyme-added, and speed should be tried one's best evenly.The variation of material is noted observing in enzyme-added back, and enzymolysis was finished substantially in about 2.5 hours, can filter and desalination dearsenification processing.Filter with 80 order stainless (steel) wires, operating pressure 0.2～0.3Mpa.The desalination dearsenification is with the above NF membrane of molecular cut off 100Dalt, operating pressure 0.15～0.2Mpa, and 1.5 hours circulation timei of material, feeding temperature is no more than 45 ℃.Enzymolysis liquid after the desalination dearsenification is warming up to 85 ℃ rapidly under stirring in another enzymolysis cylinder, keep the 10min enzyme that goes out, and plays bactericidal action simultaneously.The material that goes out behind the enzyme need not be lowered the temperature, and directly carries out drying.Adopt centrifugal spray dryer, 180 ℃ of hot blast inlet temperatures, 75 ℃ of outlet temperatures, charging rate (dehvery pump revolution) 400 commentaries on classics/min, discharging moisture about 4.5% through cooling, pack sealing, had both got sea cucumber peptide powder product.
Embodiment 2:
Take by weighing 20kg dry product sea cucumber (whole sea cucumber or sea cucumber silk), with clear water flush away surface attachments, use clear water then earlier, preferably hot-water soak is 1～5 hour, treat that rehydration effect reaches feel when softer, can process by embodiment 1 described rubbing, grinding method.Slip is settled to 300kg with drinking water after squeezing into the enzymolysis cylinder with pump, concentration about 6%.Press the described method of embodiment 1 and heat up, adding the mark vigor that letter (China) Bioisystech Co., Ltd of Denmark Novi produces is the Protamex compound protease of 1.5AU/g, and enzyme concentration 0.4kg need not adjust the pH value of material when enzyme-added, and speed should be tried one's best evenly.The variation of material is noted observing in enzyme-added back, and enzymolysis was finished substantially in about 2.5 hours, can filter and desalination dearsenification processing.By embodiment 1 described method filtration, desalination dearsenification, the enzyme that goes out, drying, can obtain sea cucumber peptide powder product.
Embodiment 3:
Sea cucumber peptide powder by embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 gained does not add other any composition, makes sea cucumber peptide capsule product with capsule filler.
Embodiment 4:
Sea cucumber peptide powder and vegetable oil by embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 gained are made into suspension, make the capsule skin with gelatin, glycerine, water, opacifier etc., make sea cucumber polypeptide soft capsule product through technologies such as pelleting, typing, dryings.
Embodiment 5:
By the sea cucumber peptide powder of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 gained, ratio is added auxiliary materials such as starch, dolomol routinely, makes sea cucumber peptide tablet product through compressing tablet, sugar coating etc.
Embodiment 6:
By the sea cucumber peptide powder of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 gained, add pure water, honey, citric acid, potassium sorbate etc., make sea cucumber peptide oral liquid product through technologies such as homogeneous, filtration, sterilization, bottlings.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of holothurian peptide functional food, with fresh sea cucumber or dry product sea cucumber is raw material, make through technologies such as preliminary treatment, rubbing, defibrination, enzymolysis, the enzyme that goes out, filtration, dryings, it is characterized in that: described enzymolysis, select the Protamex compound protease for use, need not adjust the pH value of material in the enzymolysis process, enzymolysis liquid carries out the desalination dearsenification to be handled, the products obtained therefrom molecular weight is distributed in more than 80% between 100～6000Dalt, and wherein 100～2100Dalt (2～10 peptide) accounts for more than 70%; The percentage by weight of product main component and content comprises, polypeptide 50～60% (wherein 2～10 peptides 38～45%), and free amino acid 5.0～10%, mucopolysaccharide 2.5～5.5% also comprises other nutritional labelings such as the intrinsic several mineral materials of sea cucumber, vitamin.
2, a kind of preparation method who realizes the described holothurian peptide functional food of claim 1 is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps and method:
(1), sea cucumber rubs after preliminary treatment, carries out with meat grinder, the rubbing degree is with the orifice plate control of Φ 6～Φ 12mm;
(2), sea cucumber rubs the back defibrination, carries out defibrination fineness 2～50 μ m with supermicro mill;
(3), enzymolysis, select the Protamex compound protease for use, specification requirement is: adjust concentration of substrate to 3～12% with drinking water; Enzyme concentration 0.2～0.5% (weight in wet base ratio); 35～60 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, enzymolysis time 2～4 hours need not be adjusted the pH value of material in the enzymolysis process;
(4), enzymolysis liquid filters, and adopts filter to carry out several 60～100 orders of stainless steel mesh, operating pressure 0.2～0.3Mpa;
(5), enzymolysis liquid desalination dearsenification handles, and adopts NF membrane to carry out, operating pressure 0.15～0.2Mpa, 1～2 hour circulation timei of material, feeding temperature is no more than 45 ℃;
(6), 80～90 ℃ of enzyme-removal temperatures, kept 5～20 minutes;
(7), need not lower the temperature behind the enzyme that goes out, directly carry out drying, adopt centrifugal spray dryer, 180～200 ℃ of EATs, 70～80 ℃ of leaving air temps also can adopt forms such as freeze drying, microwave drying to carry out.
3, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described rubbing, to carry out with meat grinder, and the rubbing degree is controlled with the orifice plate of aperture Φ 8mm.
4, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described defibrination, adopt supermicro mill to carry out, below the defibrination fineness 10 μ m.
5, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described enzymolysis, the mark vigor of selecting for use letter (China) Bioisystech Co., Ltd of Denmark Novi to produce is the Protamex compound protease of 1.5AU/g, and specification requirement is: adjust concentration of substrate to 5～10% with drinking water; Enzyme concentration 0.3～0.4% (weight in wet base ratio); 40～50 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, enzymolysis time 2～3 hours need not be adjusted the pH value of material in the enzymolysis process.
6, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described enzymolysis liquid filters, and adopts filter to carry out several 80～100 orders of stainless steel mesh, operating pressure 0.2～0.3Mpa.
7, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described enzymolysis liquid desalination dearsenification is handled, adopt the above NF membrane of molecular cut off 100Dalt, operating pressure 0.15～0.2Mpa, 1～1.5 hour circulation timei of material, feeding temperature is no more than 45 ℃.
8, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2 is characterized in that: 80～85 ℃ of described enzyme-removal temperatures kept 10～15 minutes.
9, the preparation method of holothurian peptide functional food according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described drying, the employing centrifugal spray dryer carries out, 180～190 ℃ of EATs, 72～78 ℃ of leaving air temps, dried material powder moisture 3.5～5.5% cools off, uses the packing of nylon plastic(s) bag in the toilet, seal stand-by.
10, product can be made into capsule, soft capsule, tablet, oral liquid etc. to make health food edible, also can make food, drug additive uses.
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