CN101333444B - Stalk coke oven and method for making charcoal by the coke oven - Google Patents

Stalk coke oven and method for making charcoal by the coke oven Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101333444B
CN101333444B CN2008100170346A CN200810017034A CN101333444B CN 101333444 B CN101333444 B CN 101333444B CN 2008100170346 A CN2008100170346 A CN 2008100170346A CN 200810017034 A CN200810017034 A CN 200810017034A CN 101333444 B CN101333444 B CN 101333444B
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charcoal
stalk
coke oven
honeycomb
straw
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CN2008100170346A
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CN101333444A (en
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徐金鸿
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw carbonization furnace and a method to prepare charcoal through the straw carbonization furnace. The straw carbonization furnace comprise a combustion chamber and a furnace body; an internal furnace is arranged inside the furnace body; a flue gas channel communicated with a funnel is arranged between the external wall of the internal furnace and the internal wall ofthe furnace body; a principle shaft connected with a motor is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body; the other end of the principle shaft is sequentially connected with a compression squeezer and a honeycomb char molding device; a plurality of helical vanes are arranged on the principle shaft. The method for fabricating charcoal includes the following steps: pushing the burning materialsinto the internal furnace for carbonization, continuously adding straw, finally discharging, thus obtaining charcoal; adding clay(15-20%of the weight of the charcoal)into the charcoal and blending the mixture to be even, and then molding through the honeycomb char molding device to fabricate civilian honeycomb charcoal. The straw carbonization furnace is simple in structure, small in volume and convenient to make and process and is widely applicable. The method described in the invention can carbonize various straws into honeycomb charcoal without any additional processing; the method is convenient to operate and realizes industrial production.

Description

A kind of stalk coke oven and method for making charcoal thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the charring furnace technical field, particularly a kind of stalk coke oven and method for making charcoal thereof.
Background technology
Build the new rural area of China, important is to solve the rural energy problem, and especially southern rural area is even more important, relatively lacks at the southern china coal class energy; And rainwater is more plentiful, forest land, mound, mountain area band, and mountain green grass or young crops is bright and beautiful, and plants burst out in profusion; Shrub covers, then be that raw material burns the stalk charcoal as rural area heating beginning in Dayao with shrub bar, branch bar, and the family's workshop stalk charcoal that develop relatively prosperity already; But along with the development of industry and commerce, the charcoal raw material is greatly withered thirsty, and supply falls short of demand.Southern ice and snow disaster in 2008, according to " Chinese green Times " February 18 report: 20 years just extensive clothes.Cause the further atrophy in stalk charcoal market.Send cry " adopted oil and dug coal, the people what if " the last member of the CPPCC National Committee in Shandong Province's " two Conferences " in 2008, so people expect developing the agricultural crop straw charcoal, these new forms of energy have been put forward by people.
Straw is produced powdered carbon, just can the stalk charcoal be become straw oil by " coal becomes oil " technology, at first will make straw become charcoal.The straw carbonization principle: all kinds of straw organic matter carbonizings are the same with carbonization of wood principle, and its classical definition is proposed by Stanford University, that is: organism+heat (when anaerobic or anoxic)=inflammable gas+organic liquid+solid carbon (solid residue).And the straight warp of timber is bigger, and its heating mode is that all timber is lighted burning in carbonizing kiln, burns prosperous; Shut wicket (making anaerobic or anoxic) again, it at first gives out volatile matter (moisture content, inflammable gas) on every side from the top layer, and its (the non-timber itself) that controlledly burns is as the insulation thermal source; It is temperature-resistant to keep carbonizing kiln, continues the evaporation volatile matter, keeps charring layer; In layer to the center development, all charing ends again.Very little for the crop stalk diameter; Can not adopt the carbonizing kiln method to make charcoal; Can use southern traditional farmer household cooks when making a fire; During with twig, bamboo branch, solid stalk and so on, do not burn just to take out and place a not only airtight but also vexed one-tenth charcoal of terrine that can be incubated (generally being incubated) to do heating in winter to use with rice-straw ash.Above-mentioned vexed jar of charring that becomes charcoal, owing to device simple, productivity is low excessively, can not hollow crop stalks such as rice wheat be become charcoal, can not apply in rural households.
Casting is the big power consumer in the industrial production, also is one of rich and influential family with coal dust.Because straw carbon sulphur content, ash are all low than coal dust, quality is superior to coal dust, is the fine surrogate of casting new energy materials, is worthy to be popularized.
A kind of equipment with straw charring is arranged at present, need be with giving birth to hot charing through extruding after the crushed stalk, the charing degree is low, and output is unstable, and black smoke is arranged during burning; The straw charring equipment that also has can only can't burn charcoal with rice wheat straw during practical application, narrow in application range with the carbonization of wood.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve has provided a kind of stalk coke oven and the method for making charcoal thereof that can twig, bamboo branch, rice wheat straw etc. be processed the stalk charcoal.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above; The present invention realizes through following measure: a kind of stalk coke oven; Comprise combustion chamber and the body of heater that is provided with opening for feed and discharge port, said body of heater top is provided with chimney, it is characterized in that: be provided with flue in the said body of heater; Exhaust gases passes for communicating between said furnace outer wall and the inboard wall of furnace body with said chimney; Said body of heater bottom is provided with the main shaft that links to each other with phonomoter, and the said main shaft the other end connects squeezer and honeycomb briquet shaped device successively, and said main shaft is provided with a plurality of screw-blades.
Honeycomb briquet shaped device according to the invention comprises knife rest, honeycomb box, the return spring that connects successively and takes off the charcoal beam; Said knife rest has cutter knife; Be provided with in the said honeycomb box and take off carbon slab, said knife rest and take off and be provided with the slide bar that can move forward and backward between the charcoal beam, said slide bar is provided with and takes off the charcoal switch; Said take off be fixed with on the carbon slab have a trilateral dop take off the charcoal axis, the said charcoal beam that takes off is provided with the clip that is used to clamp the trilateral dop.
Combustion chamber according to the invention is positioned at opening for feed one side of body of heater, is provided with fire grate in the said combustion chamber it is divided into two chambeies up and down, and said opening for feed is positioned at the outside, combustion chamber and is provided with fire door.
Body of heater according to the invention is provided with the dedusting water tank that has water-cooled tube.
Upper of furnace body according to the invention is provided with bell, convenient for maintaining.
Form continuous production in order raw material to be processed the charcoal process, the present invention also includes feeder, and said feeder is positioned at combustion chamber one side.
A kind of method of utilizing said stalk coke oven to make charcoal is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. raw material is dropped in the combustion chamber and burn;
B. raw material is burnt and it is pushed 220-300 ℃ the interior charing of flue (11) of having of stalk coke oven after prosperous,, successively add straw according to different carbonization times of raw material about 1-15 minute, come out of the stove stalk charcoal product.
A kind of said stalk coke oven is made the method for charcoal, it is characterized in that also including following steps: comprise that also step c stirs the clay that adds its weight 15-20% in the above-mentioned charcoal, processes domestic honeycomb charcoal with said honeycomb briquet shaped device.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. stalk coke oven is simple in structure, and volume is little, and fabrication and processing is convenient, suitable applying;
2. the method for utilizing this stalk coke oven to produce the stalk charcoal can be left intact various stalks and directly drop into stalk coke oven of the present invention and can charing become the high-quality honeycomb briquet, realizes industrial production, and is easy to operate;
3. do not consume other energy in the production process, with low cost;
4. wide raw material source of the present invention, price is low, utilizes waste straw to make honeycomb briquet, can stalk not huddled to leave about, and eliminates fire, lets waste straw become the resources of production, the protection environment;
5. utilize stalk coke oven to produce the stalk charcoal, can produce the honeycomb briquet of the weight about 25% of about raw material, production efficiency is high, and grey gas part of containing multiple element of being left can direct returning to farmland, has avoided the waste of the energy;
6. solved general 3 days of existing traditional burner klining charcoal time, about 24 hours of other charing equipment carbonization times, carbonization time is long; Can't convert rice wheat straw to the stalk charcoal; Can only incinerated problem, carbonization time of the present invention is short, and the rice wheat straw carbonization time is about 1 minute; Twig or the solid straw charring time of diameter below φ 10mm is 3-5 minute, and the branch of diameter more than φ 10mm is 10-15 minute.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a honeycomb briquet shaped device structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of squeezer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is for processing domestic honeycomb charcoal with honeycomb briquet manufacturing installation structural representation.
1 feeder among the figure, 2 fire doors, 3 fire grates, 4 combustion chambers, 5 bells, 6 dedusting water tanks, 7 chimneys; 8 water-cooled tubes, 10 squeezers, 11 flues, 12 screw-blades, 13 main shafts, 14 phonomoter; 15 take off the charcoal beam, 16 slide bars, and 17 take off the charcoal switch, 18 return springs, 19 cutter knifes, 20 take off carbon slab; 21 honeycomb boxes, 22 take off the charcoal axis, 23 trilateral dops, 24 clips, 25 conical shells, 26 tapering spindles;
The a opening for feed, b discharge port, c exhaust gases passes, d honeycomb briquet shaped device.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Accompanying drawing is specific embodiment of stalk coke oven of the present invention; A kind of stalk coke oven as shown in Figure 1 comprises combustion chamber 4 and the body of heater that is provided with opening for feed a and discharge port b, and said inboard wall of furnace body is provided with refractory brick; Said body of heater top is provided with chimney 7; Be provided with flue 11 in the said body of heater, the exhaust gases passes c for communicating between said flue 11 outer walls and the inboard wall of furnace body with said chimney 7, said body of heater bottom is provided with the main shaft 13 that links to each other with phonomoter 14; Said main shaft 13 the other ends connect squeezer 10 and honeycomb briquet shaped device d successively, and said main shaft 13 is provided with a plurality of screw-blades 12.
Combustion chamber 4 according to the invention is positioned at opening for feed a one side of body of heater; Be provided with fire grate 3 in the said combustion chamber 4 it is divided into two chambeies up and down, as the straw burning chamber, cavity of resorption is less more greatly for epicoele; Be inlet chamber, said opening for feed a is positioned at 4 outsides, combustion chamber and is provided with fire door 2.
Body of heater according to the invention is provided with the dedusting water tank 6 that has water-cooled tube 8.
Maintenance for ease, said upper of furnace body is provided with bell 5.
Form continuous production in order raw material to be processed the charcoal process, the present invention also includes feeder 1, and said feeder 1 is positioned at combustion chamber 4 one sides.
Squeezer according to the invention 10 as shown in Figure 3 comprises conical shell 25, is located at the tapering spindle 26 in the conical shell 25, and said tapering spindle 26 is provided with a plurality of screw-blades 12.
Said honeycomb briquet shaped device d as shown in Figure 2 comprises knife rest, honeycomb box 21, the return spring 18 that connects successively and takes off charcoal beam 15; Said knife rest has cutter knife 19; Be provided with in the said honeycomb box 21 and take off carbon slab 20, said knife rest and take off and be provided with the slide bar 16 that can move forward and backward between the charcoal beam 15, said slide bar 16 is provided with and takes off charcoal switch 17; Said take off be fixed with on the carbon slab 20 have a trilateral dop 23 take off charcoal axis 22, the said charcoal beam 15 that takes off is provided with the clip 24 that is used to clamp trilateral dop 23.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of utilizing rice wheat straw bar to make rice wheat charcoal may further comprise the steps:
A. rice wheat straw bar is left intact and drops into burning in the combustion chamber 4;
B. the unburned stalk that utilizes the back to add will burn 220-300 ℃ about 1 minute of the flue 11 interior charings of having that prosperous back straw pushes stalk coke oven, successively add straw;
C. open driven by motor main shaft 13 and squeezer on it 10 and honeycomb briquet shaped device d, produce the charcoal product.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of utilizing diameter at following twig of φ 10mm or solid stalk manufacturing charcoal may further comprise the steps:
A. raw material is left intact and drops into burning in the combustion chamber 4;
B. when raw material flame kernel temperature reaches 600-700 ℃, it is pushed in the flue 11 of stalk coke oven the about 3-5 of charing minute, successively add raw material;
C. open driven by motor main shaft 13 and squeezer on it 10 and honeycomb briquet shaped device d, produce stalk charcoal product.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of utilizing the above branch of φ 10mm for raw material manufacturing charcoal may further comprise the steps:
A. raw material is left intact and drops into burning in the combustion chamber 4;
B. when raw material flame kernel temperature reaches 600-7000C, it is pushed in the flue 11 of stalk coke oven the about 10-15 of charing minute, successively add raw material;
C. after adding full flue, to close the fire door 2 of combustion chamber 4; Let and no longer advance oxygen in the stalk coke oven; Utilize the interior remaining oxygen of stalk coke oven that the straw that has 300 ± 5 ℃ in the stove is continued to steam the volatile matter that comes and burnout, when also being full of volatile matter, opening fire door and close fire door 2 after 1~2 minute as if the stove internal upper part; Open driven by motor main shaft 13 and squeezer and honeycomb briquet shaped device d on it after 10 minutes, produce stalk charcoal product.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method of utilizing said stalk coke oven to make charcoal; Further comprising the steps of: the clay that adds its weight 15-20% in the charcoal product that embodiment 2. embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 are made stirs, and utilizes the said honeycomb briquet manufacturing installation of Fig. 4 to process domestic honeycomb charcoal.
Process analysis of the present invention is following: after opening fire door 2; Fire door 2 itself becomes makes platform, and the straw of being sent here by feeder 1 from the material storehouse pushes charing in the flue 11 in the stalk coke oven with 200-300 ℃ at this even raw material that will burn continuously after prosperous that raw material is left intact by the operator.The cavity of resorption of combustion chamber 4 is because the air inducing effect of chimney 7, and inspiration combustion air burning straw also evaporates volatile matter when the charing with combustion heat straw.When the charing straw; Flue in stalk coke oven burns the limit of just can advancing to feed in raw material when expiring its volume 1/2 and goes out the finished product charcoal; The detailed process that goes out the finished product charcoal is following: start driven by motor main shaft 13 and rotate, the stalk charcoal leans on the helical pressure of main shaft 13 that honeycomb box 21 is full of and has enough degree of packing straw carbons, takes off carbon slab 20 and also just drives and take off charcoal axis 22 and push the place ahead to; And make and take off charcoal spring 18 by compression, store the compression ability.At this moment unclamp and take off charcoal switch 17, taken off charcoal crossbeam 15 and pin motionlessly together with taking off carbon slab 20 owing to take off charcoal axis 22, thereby the charcoal spring 18 that takes off that honeycomb box 21 will be had a compression pushes the place ahead to, so just deviate from honeycomb briquet, accomplished a honeycomb briquet manufacturing.Go on foot to gather according to this and carry out next honeycomb briquet manufacturing.
When running into twig or the solid stalk of diameter below φ 10mm, when twig or solid stalk flame kernel temperature reached 600-700 ℃, it is pushed in the flue 11 of stalk coke oven needed the about 3-5 of charing minute in the production process.
When running into the branch of diameter more than φ 10mm, can, the flue in the reinforced burning straw charring furnace 11 close fire door 2 after burning full hot straw in the production process; To burn in the flue 11 full hot straw both can be under oxygen free condition vexed charcoal, again few oxygen condition down burning its evaporate the volatile matter that, at this moment to hang down because of the temperature of stalk coke oven bottom; The air that has oxygen burns into relative high-temperature flue gas (flue 11 internal temperatures want high relatively) once running into volatile matter, and limited airborne oxygen can not remain a lot, even residue is arranged; Also because of the effect of relatively-high temperature flue gas; Be difficult to invade in a large number flue 11 bottoms, raw material is heated in flue 11 bottoms and volatilizes volatile matter, on the portion of floating to run into air and burn again; Circulation is gone down, approximately somewhat to all charings in ten minutes.The flue gas that above-mentioned combustionmaterial (being straw combustionmaterial and volatile matter combustionmaterial) produces through flue, after walking around flue and entering 6 dedustings of dedusting water tank, is discharged in the atmosphere by chimney 7 again.After above-mentioned whole charings, then start driven by motor main shaft 13 and rotate the squeezer 10 and honeycomb briquet shaped device d that drives on it, can produce stalk charcoal product.
Utilize the per 4 tons of farm crop of present device can burn 1 ton of left and right sides straw carbon according to production test, theoretical infer it also is this result, analyze as follows: according to pertinent data: as shown in table 1 is part farm crop component contents, unit: %
The components of biomass content of table 1 part farm crop
Figure G200810017034601D00061
Mierocrystalline cellulose, semicellulose and xylogen are organic, are hydrocarbon polymer, contain carbon element, and table 1 shows that the biomass of part farm crop are mainly hydrocarbon polymer.
Like table 2 is the composition from the technical analysis stalk, unit: %
The technical analysis result of table 2 stalk
Title Moisture content Ash content Volatile matter Fixed carbon
Beanstalk 5.1 3.13 74.65 17.12
Straw 4.97 13.86 65.11 16.06
Wheat straw 4.39 8.9 67.36 19.35
Weeds 5.43 9.46 68.77 16.40
Corn stalk 4.87 5.93 71.95 17.75
Sorghum stalks 4.71 8.91 68.90 17.48
Table 2 shows that volatile matter and fixed carbon contain carbon element.
Like table 3 is that the stalk carbon content is analyzed and the gross heat value result in each farm crop
Ultimate analysis of table 3 raw material (%) and calorific value (butt, KJ/kg)
Title C H N S 0 Ash content Gross heat value
Corn cob 46.3 5.6 0.57 5.34 20620
Rice husk 32.5 5.7 0.5 0.00 39.8 15.5 14679
Corn stalk 45.43 6.15 0.78 0.13 6.4 17794
Sorghum stalks 45.18 5.59 0.62 0.11 18020
Beanstalk 46.65 6.12 0.89 0.12 10.2 18120
Wheat straw 45.30 5.89 0.68 0.19 7.4 17769
Straw 40.44 5.31 0.66 0.12 16329
Show in the table that a crop stalk carbon content left side is about in the of 40%.
The honeycomb briquet that adds the present invention's preparation with honeycomb briquette stove commonly used in the people life and the honeycomb briquette simultaneous test that boils water shows: equally the honeycomb briquet of quantity and the boiled minable water yield of honeycomb briquette and time difference few, say that also both are equivalent.
General four, five tame common people only enough do a village meal with 10 jin of wheat straws, if with 2.5 jin of wheat straw carbons of 10 jin of wheat straw preparations; Process 4 domestic honeycomb charcoals; Experience (because of both are equivalent) by burning honeycomb briquette can be done one day meal, and is laborsaving, save trouble, and free from environmental pollution.

Claims (8)

1. stalk coke oven; Comprise combustion chamber (4) and be provided with opening for feed (a) and the body of heater of discharge port (b); Said body of heater top is provided with chimney (7); It is characterized in that: be provided with flue (11) in the said body of heater, the exhaust gases passes (c) for communicating between said flue (11) outer wall and the inboard wall of furnace body with said chimney (7), said body of heater bottom is provided with the main shaft (13) that links to each other with phonomoter (14); Said main shaft (13) the other end connects squeezer (10) and honeycomb briquet shaped device (d) successively, and said main shaft (13) is provided with a plurality of screw-blades (12).
2. according to the said stalk coke oven of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said honeycomb briquet shaped device (d) comprises knife rest, honeycomb box (21), the return spring (18) that connects successively and takes off charcoal beam (15); Said knife rest has cutter knife (19); Be provided with in the said honeycomb box (21) and take off carbon slab (20), said knife rest and take off and be provided with the slide bar (16) that can move forward and backward between the charcoal beam (15), said slide bar (16) is provided with and takes off charcoal switch (17); Said take off be fixed with on the carbon slab (20) have a trilateral dop (23) take off charcoal axis (22), the said charcoal beam (15) that takes off is provided with the clip (24) that is used to clamp trilateral dop (23).
3. according to the said stalk coke oven of claim 1; It is characterized in that: said combustion chamber (4) are positioned at opening for feed (a) side of body of heater; Be provided with fire grate (3) in the said combustion chamber (4) it is divided into two chambeies up and down, said opening for feed (a) is positioned at the outside, combustion chamber (4) and is provided with fire door (2).
4. according to the said stalk coke oven of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said body of heater is provided with the dedusting water tank (6) that has water-cooled tube (8).
5. according to the said stalk coke oven of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said upper of furnace body is provided with bell (5).
6. according to the said stalk coke oven of claim 1, it is characterized in that: also include feeder (1), said feeder (1) is positioned at combustion chamber (4) one sides.
7. method of utilizing the said stalk coke oven of any claim of claim 1 to 6 to make charcoal is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. raw material is dropped into burning in the combustion chamber (4);
B. raw material being burnt and it is pushed 220-300 ℃ the interior charing of flue (11) of having of stalk coke oven after prosperous, is 1-15 minute according to the different carbonization times of raw material, successively adds straw, come out of the stove stalk charcoal product.
8. make the method for charcoal according to the said stalk coke oven of claim 7, it is characterized in that: comprise that also step c stirs the clay that adds its weight 15-20% in the above-mentioned stalk charcoal product, processes domestic honeycomb charcoal with said honeycomb briquet shaped device (d).
CN2008100170346A 2008-06-20 2008-06-20 Stalk coke oven and method for making charcoal by the coke oven Expired - Fee Related CN101333444B (en)

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CN105419830A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-03-23 沈阳大学 Straw carbonization microwave device
JP6130573B1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2017-05-17 武夫 河原井 Biomass fuel production equipment
CN107880914A (en) * 2017-09-24 2018-04-06 苏州雷度生物科技有限公司 A kind of efficient biomass cutting carbonizing apparatus
CN110184082B (en) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-18 浙江中法农业科技发展有限公司 Pollution-free charcoal production equipment

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