JP6130573B1 - Biomass fuel production equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To solve the problems of uneven shape and size of produced biomass fuel and variations in the degree of dry carbonization due to the type of biomass raw material. A rotary drum having a combustion furnace, a biomass raw material supply unit and a biomass fuel discharge unit and performing dry carbonization using the heat of smoke generated in the combustion furnace. A tilting means 16 for tilting the rotating drum 14, a flue cover 18 that forms a flue for flue gas generated in the combustion furnace 12 between the rotating drum 14, and a processing line that matches the shape and size of the biomass fuel. 20 and a return line 22 for returning a part of the biomass fuel to the combustion furnace 12, and the supply unit 50 is a screw conveyor that feeds the biomass material into the rotary drum 14 while rotating at the same speed as the rotary drum 14. 80. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass fuel production apparatus, and in particular, a biomass fuel for producing biomass fuel from biomass raw materials such as weeds, trees, shrub trunks, pruned branches and leaves, bamboo, shino, firewood, firewood, waste wood, etc. It relates to a manufacturing apparatus.

  Today, cheap and convenient fossil fuels such as oil and coal are used as fuels, and biomass fuels made from wood and other plant-based biomass raw materials have lost their practical status from Japanese society. Yes.

  In other words, 75% of the land in Japan is covered with forests, and even though there are enough sustainable regenerated timber resources, they are not fully utilized. In particular, weeds and trees, trunks of shrubs, pruned branches and leaves, bamboo, shinoda, firewood, firewood, etc. are incinerated as waste or used for landfill, and these wastes are used as raw materials for biomass fuel production. The fact is that there is not enough.

  Therefore, it is important for the practical application of biomass fuel production in the future to establish a series of technologies for producing these wastes as biomass fuel.

  From such a point of view, the applicant has a combustion furnace and a rotating drum for drying and carbonizing plant-based raw materials such as weeds by the heat of flue gas generated in the combustion furnace. A biomass fuel production machine provided with a fuel cycle for supplying a part to a combustion furnace has been proposed (Patent Document 1).

JP 2013-82871 A

However, the biomass fuel production machine disclosed in Patent Document 1 still has the following points to be improved.
(1) The produced biomass fuel is irregular in shape and size and is not constant, and when used as a biomass fuel, the combustion efficiency is poor, and the fuel is clogged in the return line for returning a part of the biomass fuel to the combustion furnace. Are likely to occur (hereinafter referred to as “problems of uneven shape and size of biomass fuel”).

  (2) The plant-based biomass raw material has a problem in that the degree of dry carbonization of the biomass fuel produced according to the type varies, and it is difficult to perform constant dry carbonization. For example, biomass raw materials such as bark and turf grass of golf courses are dry carbonized quickly, and grass trunks and relatively thick tree branches are hardly mixed, so dry carbonization tends to be fast and dry carbonization proceeds too much. . Furthermore, since such raw materials are discharged from the rotating drum at a high temperature, there is a danger of catching fire when discharged and touching fresh air (hereinafter referred to as “the problem of variation in the degree of dry carbonization depending on the type of raw material”). ).

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and biomass capable of solving the problem of uneven shape and size of the produced biomass fuel and the problem of variation in the degree of dry carbonization due to the type of biomass raw material. An object is to provide a fuel production apparatus.

  In order to achieve the object, the biomass fuel production apparatus of the present invention has a combustion furnace and a supply unit that supplies a biomass material on one end side in the axial direction, and the biomass material is dry carbonized on the other end side. A rotary drum having a discharge unit for discharging fuel, and a smoke flue generated in the combustion furnace is provided between the rotary drum and the rotary drum so as not to hinder the rotation of the rotary drum. A flue cover formed to heat the rotary drum, tilting means for tilting the rotary drum at an arbitrary inclination so that the supply unit side is higher than the discharge unit side, and the discharge of the rotary drum A processing line for aligning the shape and size of the biomass fuel discharged from the section, and a return line for returning a part of the biomass fuel processed in the processing line to the combustion furnace. , The supply unit is characterized by having a screw conveyor for feeding the biomass material in the interior of the rotary drum while rotating in the rotary drum and the same speed.

  According to the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, since the processing line for aligning the shape and size of the biomass fuel discharged from the discharge portion of the rotating drum is provided, there is a problem of uneven shape and size of the manufactured biomass fuel. Can be solved.

  Further, in the present invention, since the tilting means for tilting the rotating drum with an arbitrary tilt so that the supply unit side is higher than the discharge unit side is provided, the residence time of the biomass material in the rotating drum can be adjusted.

  Moreover, since the screw conveyor which sends a biomass raw material into the inside of a rotating drum is provided in the supply part while rotating at the same speed as a rotating drum, the supply amount of the biomass raw material supplied to the inside of a rotating drum can be adjusted.

  Thereby, the problem of the variation of the dry carbonization degree by the kind of biomass raw material can be solved.

  As an aspect of the present invention, the discharge unit includes a discharge port for discharging the biomass fuel from the rotating drum, an open / close lid supported by the discharge port so as to be openable and closable, and biasing the open / close lid in a closing direction. An urging member, and an urging release / return mechanism that releases the urging member when the rotating drum rotates and the discharge port is positioned on the processing line, and returns the urging force when passing through the processing line; It is preferable to comprise.

  Thereby, since the penetration | invasion of the outside air to the inside of a rotating drum can be suppressed, the airtightness of a rotating drum can be improved and the temperature inside a rotating drum becomes difficult to change. Therefore, since the temperature change of the dry carbonization of the biomass raw material hardly occurs, the dry carbonization can be performed uniformly and stably.

  As an aspect of the present invention, the processing line includes a long cylindrical conveyor casing having an inlet and an outlet, a screw conveyor provided inside the conveyor casing, and an outlet side of the conveyor casing on the outlet side of the conveyor casing. A pressure plate that is orthogonal to the shaft core and is smaller than the diameter of the conveyor casing; a biasing member that biases the pressure plate from the outlet side of the conveyor casing to the inlet side; and an outlet side of the conveyor casing And a cylindrical sieve that has a predetermined mesh diameter and rotates together with the screw conveyor. Note that “provided in communication with the outlet side of the conveyor casing” does not mean that it is fixed to the conveyor casing.

  Thereby, the biomass fuel which is discharged from the rotating drum and is not yet uniform in shape and size can be ground by the screw conveyor and the pressure plate so as to have the same size and shape. Moreover, since the processing line is configured as described above, the biomass fuel can be conveyed to the next step (return line) while being processed, so that the biomass fuel production apparatus can be continuously operated.

  As an aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that flow resistance imparting means for imparting flow resistance to the flue gas supplied from the combustion furnace is provided in the flue. Thereby, high temperature flue gas tends to stay in the flue, the heating efficiency for heating the rotary drum is improved, and the heating temperature is stabilized.

  As an aspect of the present invention, the interior of the rotating drum is divided into a dry carbonization chamber on the supply unit side and a cooling chamber on the discharge unit side, and the combustion furnace and the flue are arranged corresponding to the dry carbonization chamber. It is preferable to make it. Thereby, even if it is a biomass raw material with quick dry carbonization, it can prevent that dry carbonization advances too much.

  As an aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to provide a plurality of heat radiating plates protruding outward from the inside of the rotating drum on the outer periphery of the cooling chamber. Thereby, the cooling efficiency of a cooling chamber can be improved.

  As an aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the biomass fuel production apparatus includes a steam boiler machine and a generator that generates electric power using high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated in the steam boiler machine. Thereby, in manufacturing biomass fuel, the self-sufficiency cycle which self-sufficiates the power source which moves a biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus can be established.

  According to the biomass fuel production apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to solve the problem that the shape and size of the produced biomass fuel are uneven and the variation in the degree of dry carbonization due to the type of biomass raw material.

The partial cross section side view of 1st Embodiment of the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus of this invention 1 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus cut in the transverse direction at the position of line aa in FIG. Sectional view showing an example of a combustion furnace Explanatory drawing explaining the structure of the discharge part Explanatory drawing explaining the baffle plate provided in the flue Explanatory drawing explaining processing line The partial cross section side view of 2nd Embodiment of the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus of this invention Explanatory drawing of 3rd Embodiment of the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus of this invention

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the biomass fuel production apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The present invention is illustrated by the following preferred embodiments. Changes can be made by many techniques without departing from the scope of the present invention, and other embodiments than the present embodiment can be utilized. Accordingly, all modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the claims.

  Here, in the drawing, portions indicated by the same symbols are similar elements having similar functions. In addition, in the present specification, when a numerical range is expressed using “˜”, the numerical values of the upper and lower limits indicated by “˜” are also included in the numerical range.

[First embodiment of biomass fuel production apparatus]
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing the overall configuration of the first embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10. Moreover, FIG. 2 is the cross-sectional view which cut | disconnected the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus 10 in the horizontal direction in the position of the aa line of FIG.

In the following description, the biomass raw material refers to the state before dry carbonization, and the biomass fuel refers to the state after dry carbonization.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 mainly includes a combustion furnace 12, a rotating drum 14, a tilting means 16, a flue cover 18, a processing line 20, and a return line 22. , Is composed.

(Combustion furnace)
The combustion furnace 12 uses biomass fuel as the fuel, and the structure thereof is not particularly limited. For example, the combustion furnace shown in FIG. 3 can be preferably used.

  In the combustion furnace 12 shown in FIG. 3, a biomass conveyor 32 stored in a fuel tank 30 is provided inside a combustion can 34 by rotating a screw conveyor 26 connected by universal joints 24, 24 by a motor 28. The fuel is supplied from the lower center of the combustion dish 36 into the combustion dish 36 vertically upward and burned. This prevents dust from the biomass fuel 32 from scattering inside the combustion can 34 and hindering combustion.

  The shaft tip portion 26A disposed in the vertical direction of the screw conveyor 26 is suspended from the shaft suspension portion 38, thereby ensuring smooth rotation of the shaft tip portion 26A.

  Further, the biomass fuel 32 in the combustion dish 36 is pushed out from the central part of the combustion dish 36 toward the outer peripheral part by the combustion diffusion scraper 40. As a result, the biomass fuel 32 supplied vertically upward into the combustion dish 36 is prevented from being biased toward the central portion, thereby achieving smooth combustion. Then, air 44 is forcibly supplied from the ventilation path 42 at the lower peripheral edge of the combustion dish 36, and the biomass fuel 32 is forcibly burned. The burned combustion ash 46 is pushed out by the biomass fuel 32 continuously supplied to the central part of the combustion dish 36 and falls to the ash tray 48 from the peripheral edge of the combustion dish 36.

(Rotating drum)
As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the rotating drum 14 has the supply part 50 which supplies the biomass raw material W to the one end side of an axial center direction, and the biomass fuel 32 which dry-carbonized the biomass raw material W to the other end side. It has the discharge part 52 which discharges. And dry carbonization of the biomass raw material W is performed using the heat | fever of the flue gas produced by the combustion in the above-mentioned combustion furnace 12. FIG. In FIG. 1, the rotating drum 14 is shown as a single cylindrical tube. However, as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of cylindrical tubes are connected by a ring-shaped connecting member 15 (for example, a flange) so as to be divided. It is preferable.

  The rotating drum 14 is supported horizontally and horizontally on a support frame 58 formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape by a plurality of pipes so as to be rotatable around the axis of the rotating drum 14. The support frame 58 is disposed on the base frame 56 on the floor 54.

  The rotating drum 14 is fixed to a pair of front rollers 60 and 60 fixed at a front position (on the supply section 50 side of the rotating drum 14) on the support frame 58 and a rear position (on the discharge section 52 side of the rotating drum 14). It is mounted on the paired rear rollers 60, 60. Thereby, the rotating drum 14 is supported by the support frame 58 in a state of being rotatable around the axis. The front roller 60 and the rear roller 60 are also arranged on the back side in FIG. 1 (see FIG. 6).

  Further, the bearing portions of the front rollers 60, 60 and the bearing portions of the rear rollers are engaged with ring-shaped grooves formed by flanges 64, 64 formed on the front end and the rear side of the rotary drum 14, respectively. The axial displacement of the rotating drum 14 is prevented.

  The rotating drum 14 is tilted by the tilting means 16 so that the supply unit 50 side is higher than the discharge unit 52 side. Therefore, as a method for preventing the axial deviation of the rotating drum 14, for example, the rear end of the rotating drum 14 A pressing roller (not shown) for pressing the rotating drum 14 toward the supply unit 50 in the axial direction may be provided on the side surface 14A.

  In the following description, the front side (or front end) refers to the supply unit 50 side of the rotary drum 14, and the rear side (or rear end) refers to the discharge unit 52 side of the rotary drum 14. The rotating drum 14 has a drum rotating shaft 66 passing through in the axial direction, and both ends of the drum rotating shaft 66 are supported by a front bearing 68 and a rear bearing 70.

  The rear end of the drum rotation shaft 66 protrudes from the rear bearing 70, and a first gear 72 is provided on the protrusion 66A. A stepless motor 74 for rotating the rotary drum 14 is fixed below the first gear 72 and below the support frame 58, and a second gear 76 is provided on the motor shaft 74A. An endless chain 78 is bridged between the first gear 72 and the second gear 76. As a result, when the stepless motor 74 is driven, the rotating drum 14 rotates in the direction around the axis and the rotation speed can be adjusted.

  The supply unit 50 of the rotary drum 14 is mainly composed of a screw conveyor 80 that feeds the biomass material W into the rotary drum 14 while rotating at the same speed as the rotary drum 14. A raw material hopper 82 is disposed on the screw conveyor 80.

  That is, a cylindrical conveyor casing 84 is put on the drum rotating shaft 66 between the front end of the rotating drum 14 and the front bearing 68, and screw blades 80 </ b> A of the screw conveyor 80 are formed on the drum rotating shaft 66.

  Further, the peripheral surface of the conveyor casing 84 and the lower portion of the raw material hopper 82 are communicated with each other through an inlet 82A. As a result, the biomass raw material W charged into the raw material hopper 82 is supplied into the rotary drum 14 from a supply port (not shown) on the side of the rotary drum 14 while rotating at the same speed as the rotary drum 14 by the screw conveyor 80. The

  Thereby, the biomass raw material W supplied to the raw material hopper 82 can be uniformly and stably supplied to the inside of the rotating drum 14 by the screw conveyor 80. Moreover, since the supply part 50 is comprised with the screw conveyor 80, since the supply port of the rotating drum 14 is not always open | released by external air, the airtightness inside the rotating drum 14 is securable.

  In addition, since the raw material hopper 82 will be normally arrange | positioned in a position higher than a person's height, it is preferable to provide the raw material conveyance line 83 which conveys the biomass raw material W to the height of the raw material hopper 82.

  As the raw material conveyance line 83, for example, a storage tank 86 for storing the biomass raw material W is provided on the floor 54 on the back surface side of the rotary drum 14 in FIG. 1 in the vicinity of the support frame 58, and stored in the storage tank 86. A configuration in which the biomass raw material W is put into the raw material hopper 82 by transfer means such as the screw conveyor 88 can be suitably employed.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the discharge portion 52 of the rotary drum 14 is supported by the discharge port 90 for discharging the biomass fuel 32 dry carbonized inside the rotary drum 14 from the rotary drum 14 and the discharge port 90 so as to be freely opened and closed. The opening / closing lid 92, the urging member 94 that urges the opening / closing lid 92 in the closing direction, and the urging member 94 is urged when the rotary drum 14 rotates and the discharge port 90 is positioned on the processing line 20. An urging release / returning mechanism 96 that releases the urging when it is released and passes over the processing line 20 is configured.

  That is, a discharge port 90 is formed on the peripheral surface of the rear end side of the rotary drum 14, and the opening / closing lid 92 is supported at the end of the discharge port 90 through the rotation pin 100 so as to be opened and closed. In FIG. 4, the discharge port 90 is provided at one place on the peripheral surface of the rear end side of the rotary drum 14, but it is preferable to provide another at the opposite side.

  The urging member 94 mainly includes a main body block 98, a swing arm 102, a spring 104, and an opening / closing bar 106. That is, the main body block 98 is supported on the rear end side surface 14 </ b> A of the rotary drum 14, and the base end portion of the swing arm 102 is swingably supported by the main body block 98 via the rotation pin 100. On the other hand, one end of the spring 104 is connected to the tip of the swing arm 102, and the other end of the spring 104 is connected to the main body block 98.

  The swing arm 102 is biased by a spring 104 so as to swing in a direction approaching the main body block 98. An opening / closing bar 106 parallel to the opening / closing lid 92 is provided at the tip of the swing arm 102.

  As a result, when the swing arm 102 swings in the direction approaching the main body block 98 by the biasing force of the spring 104, the open / close bar 106 presses the open / close lid 92 in the closing direction, and maintains the open / close lid 92 in the closed state.

  The bias release / return mechanism 96 mainly includes a ring-shaped guide rail 108, a holding member 110, and an arc-shaped guide auxiliary rail 112.

  In FIG. 4, the guide auxiliary rail 112 is formed by forming one side located below the guide rail 108 in an arc shape among the four sides at the upper end of the discharge hopper 124 provided on the processing line 20. did.

  Both ends of the guide rail 108 are arranged in parallel with the rear end side surface 14A of the rotary drum 14 while being supported by the pair of support arms 114, 114, and a notch in which the wheel is cut by a predetermined distance at the position of the processing line 20. A portion 116 is formed. As shown in FIG. 1, the processing line 20 is provided below the rear end portion of the rotary drum 14, and the ring-shaped guide rail 108 has a notch 116 formed at a lower position of the wheel.

  The sandwiching member 110 is provided on a projecting plate 118 projecting in a direction perpendicular to the rear end side surface 14A of the rotary drum from the main body block 98 of the biasing member 94, and the wheel 120 and the sandwiching rod sandwiching the guide rail 108 are provided. 122. That is, the urging member 94 and the clamping member 110 rotate together with the rotation of the rotary drum 14, and the urging member 110 is disengaged from the guide rail 108 at the position of the notch 116 of the guide rail 108. The urging force 94 is released.

  Here, in the drawing, the sandwiching rod 122 appears to collide with the support arm 114 when it rotates with the rotation of the rotary drum 14, but it just looks like that because the sandwiching rod 122 is drawn long for the sake of clarity. However, since it is actually short, it does not contact the support arm 114.

  Further, when the rotating drum 14 rotates and the holding member 110 is detached from the guide rail 108 at the position of the notch 116 of the guide rail 108, the holding member 110 contacts the arcuate guide auxiliary rail 112 while rotating the rotating drum. 14 and rotate. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the opening / closing lid 92 from opening too much and to prevent the opening / closing lid 92 from swinging in the opened state. Thereafter, the clamping member 110 is clamped by the guide rail 108 again. That is, the guide auxiliary rail 112 guides the clamping member 110 so that it is clamped by the guide rail 108 again.

  Thus, since the discharge part 52 was comprised, when the rotating drum 14 rotates and the discharge port 90 comes on the processing line 20, the opening-and-closing lid | cover 92 opens automatically, and the biomass fuel dry-carbonized by the rotating drum 14 32 can be discharged to the processing line 20. That is, when the rotating drum 14 rotates and the clamping member 110 comes to the position of the notch 116 of the guide rail 108, it is detached from the guide rail 108. As a result, the urging force of the urging member 94 is released, so that the open / close lid 92 is opened, and the biomass fuel 32 falls from the discharge port 90 to the discharge hopper 124.

  The clamping member 110 that has come off the guide rail 108 rotates with the rotary drum 14 while being guided by the guide auxiliary rail 112, and is clamped by the guide rail 108 again. As a result, the urging force of the urging member 94 is restored, so that the discharge port 90 is closed by the open / close lid 92.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of stirring plates 126 projecting from the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 14 in the direction of the drum rotating shaft 66 are provided inside the rotating drum 14. Thereby, the stirring plate 126 rotates together with the rotation of the rotating drum 14, and the dry carbonization is promoted by scraping the biomass material W supplied into the rotating drum 14. The number of stirring plates 126 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to provide three at 120 ° intervals (see FIG. 2) or four at 90 ° intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotating drum 14.

(Tilting means)
The tilting means 16 may be any means as long as the tilting means 16 can be tilted so that the supply part 50 side of the rotary drum 14 is higher than the discharge part 52 side. In the present embodiment, an example of a hydraulic cylinder will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a hydraulic cylinder body 16A is provided at the front side of the base frame 56 and at the center in the width direction of the base frame 56, and the tip of the cylinder rod 16B is at the front side of the support frame 58 and is supported. The frame 58 is connected to the center position in the width direction. Further, the rear end portion of the base frame 56 and the lower end portion of the support frame 58 are rotatably connected by a rotation shaft 128. Thus, when the cylinder rod 16B is extended, the rotary drum 14 tilts around the rotation shaft 128, and the supply unit 50 side of the rotary drum 14 becomes higher than the discharge unit 52 side. Therefore, the rotating drum 14 is formed with a downward gradient from the supply unit 50 side toward the discharge unit 52 side, so that the biomass material W supplied into the rotating drum 14 is repeatedly scraped and dropped by the stirring plate 126. Then, it moves from the supply unit 50 side to the discharge unit 52 side by its own weight.

(Cover for flue)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the flue cover 18 is provided outside the rotating drum 14 so as not to obstruct the rotation of the rotating drum 14, and exhaust generated in the combustion furnace 12 between the rotating drum 14 and the flue cover 18. A smoke flue 130 is formed. In FIG. 1, the flue cover 18 is shown as a single cylindrical tube. However, like the rotary drum 14 shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of cylindrical tubes are connected by a ring-shaped joint member 19 (for example, a flange). It is preferable that they are connected and can be divided.

  The above-described combustion furnace 12 is provided on the lower surface of the rear end portion of the flue cover 18, and the flue gas generated in the combustion furnace 12 flows into the flue 130 from the upper surface opening 131 of the combustion can 34. In addition, a chimney 132 that discharges smoke from the flue 130 is provided on the upper surface of the front side portion of the flue cover 18.

  As a result, the combustion furnace 12 can not only directly heat the rotary drum 14 but also indirectly heat the rotary drum 14 through high-temperature flue gas via the flue 130. That is, the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the biomass fuel 32 in the combustion furnace 12 flows through the flue 130, exchanges heat with the biomass material W supplied into the rotary drum 14, and dry-carbonizes the biomass material W. .

In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the flue 130 is preferably provided with flow resistance imparting means for imparting flow resistance to the flue gas supplied from the combustion furnace 12. As the flow resistance imparting means, a ring-shaped baffle plate 134 may be newly installed perpendicular to the flue 130, but the ring-shaped connecting member 15 of the rotary drum 14 configured to be separable is configured to be separable. The ring-shaped connecting member 19 of the flue cover 18 thus made can be used as a flow resistance imparting means.
Further, when the flue 130 is to be kept warm, a heat insulating material such as glass wool can be wound around the flue cover 18.
In FIG. 5, reference numeral 136 denotes a ring-shaped seal member that seals a contact portion between the flue cover 18 and the peripheral surface of the rotary drum 14, and is formed of a member having slipperiness.

(Processing line)
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the processing line 20.
As shown in FIG. 6, the processing line 20 mainly includes a long cylindrical conveyor casing 138 having an inlet 138A and an outlet (not shown), a screw conveyor 140 provided inside the conveyor casing 138, A cylindrical sieve (filter) 146 which is disposed on the outlet side of the conveyor casing 138 and has an inlet 146A and an outlet 146B and has a predetermined mesh diameter on the peripheral surface, and an axis of the sieve 146 on the inlet 146A side of the sieve 146 A pressure plate 142 that is provided orthogonally and smaller than the diameter of the inlet 146A side of the sieve 146, and a spring 144 that urges the pressure plate 142 from the outlet 146B side to the inlet 146A side in the axial direction of the sieve 146. Is done. The cylindrical sieve 146 is formed in a cone shape having a larger diameter on the outlet 146B side than the diameter on the inlet 146A side.

  That is, an inlet 138A of a long conveyor casing 138 disposed in a lateral direction is connected to the lower end outlet of the discharge hopper 124 described above. A screw conveyor 140 is disposed inside the conveyor casing 138, and both ends of the screw shaft 140 </ b> A are supported by a pair of bearings 147 and 147, and one end of the screw shaft 140 </ b> A is connected to the motor 148.

  On the other hand, the other end of the screw shaft 140 </ b> A protrudes through the outlet portion of the conveyor casing 138. A cylindrical sieve 146 that communicates with the conveyor casing 138 and rotates together with the screw shaft 140A is provided at the protruding portion of the screw shaft 140A. The sieve 146 is not fixed to the conveyor casing 138 and is inserted so that the outlet portion of the conveyor casing 138 overlaps the inlet 146A of the sieve 146.

  Further, the central portion of the pressure plate 142 described above penetrates the screw shaft 140A and is disposed at the inlet 146A of the sieve 146. The pressure plate 142 can slide along the screw shaft 140 </ b> A, and a gap 150 through which the biomass fuel 32 can pass is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the sieve 146 and the outer edge of the pressure plate 142.

A scissors member 152 is fixed at the position of the exit 146B of the sieve 146 in the screw shaft 140A, and a spring 144 is provided between the scissors member 152 and the pressure plate 142 by being spirally wound around the screw shaft 140A. Yes.
Further, a product tank 154 for storing the processed biomass fuel 32 is provided below the sieve 146, and the biomass fuel 32 that has been processed and made finer from the peripheral surface of the sieve 146 falls into the product tank 154. Further, the biomass fuel 32 having a particle size larger than the mesh of the sieve 146 is discharged out of the system from the outlet 146B of the sieve 146. The biomass fuel 32 having a large particle size discharged out of the system is collected in, for example, a tray. Of the pair of bearings 147, 147 that support both ends of the screw shaft 140A, a member that supports the bearing 147 on the sieve (also referred to as a filter) 146 side is not shown, but a support member that extends from the support frame 58 is used. It is supported.

(Return line)
As shown in FIG. 1, the return line 22 is a line for returning a part of the biomass fuel 32 stored in the product tank 154 to the fuel tank 30 of the combustion furnace 12 described above. For example, the product line 154, the fuel tank 30, The structure which provided the screw conveyor 158 in the conveyor casing 156 which connects can be employ | adopted.

(control panel)
The overall control of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 such as the combustion furnace 12, the rotating drum 14, the tilting means 16, the processing line 20, and the return line 22 is performed by a control panel 160 provided on the support frame 58.

[Operation method of biomass fuel production equipment]
Next, an operation method of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 configured as described above will be described.
First, the cylinder rod 16B of the hydraulic cylinder that is the tilting means 16 is extended to tilt the rotating drum 14 so that the supply unit 50 side is higher than the discharge unit 52 side.

  Next, while the rotating drum 14 is rotated, the biomass fuel 32 after the processing having the same shape and size in the processing line 20 is burned in the combustion furnace 12. Then, the rotary drum 14 is directly heated by the combustion furnace 12, and high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion furnace 12 is sent to the flue 130 to heat the inside of the rotary drum 14 from the outside.

  In this state, the biomass material W is supplied from the material hopper 82 to the inside of the rotating drum 14 by the screw conveyor 80 of the supply unit 50. The biomass raw material W supplied to the inside of the rotary drum 14 is sent from the supply unit 50 side to the discharge unit 52 side of the rotary drum 14 while being stirred by the stirring plate 126, and partially carbonized in the final drying stage.

  In the dry carbonization of the biomass raw material W on the rotating drum 14, in the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the baffle 130 is a baffle plate 134 that imparts flow resistance to the flue gas supplied from the combustion furnace 12. Further, a flow resistance applying means for the ring-shaped connecting members 15 and 19 is provided. As a result, high-temperature flue gas flowing through the flue 130 is likely to stay in the flue 130, and the heat exchange efficiency with the air inside the rotary drum 14 and the biomass material W moving inside the rotary drum 14 is improved. . Therefore, the dry carbonization efficiency which dry-carbonizes the biomass raw material W and produces | generates the biomass fuel 32 improves.

  In order to adjust the degree of dry carbonization of the biomass raw material W, the tilting means 16 and the stepless motor 74 are controlled by the control panel 160 to change the tilt angle of the rotary drum 14 and the rotational speed of the rotary drum 14. To do. Thereby, since the residence time during which the biomass material W stays inside the rotary drum 14 can be adjusted, the degree of dry carbonization of the biomass material W can be adjusted.

  Moreover, in the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus 10 of this Embodiment, the rotational speed of the rotating drum 14 and the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 80 of the supply part 50 were made the same. Accordingly, when the rotational speed of the rotary drum 14 is increased, the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 80 is also increased, and the supply amount of the biomass raw material W supplied from the raw material hopper 82 to the inside of the rotary drum 14 is increased. The moving speed to the discharge unit 52 is increased. As a result, the amount of heat per unit mass given to the biomass raw material W moving from the supply unit 50 to the discharge unit 52 of the rotary drum 14 becomes small, so that the dry carbonization of the biomass raw material W with fast dry carbonization can be prevented. .

  Further, when the rotation speed of the rotary drum 14 is decreased, the rotation speed of the screw conveyor 80 is also decreased, and the supply amount of the biomass raw material W supplied from the raw material hopper 82 to the inside of the rotary drum 14 is reduced and discharged from the supply unit 50. The moving speed to the unit 52 is slowed down. As a result, the amount of heat per unit mass given to the biomass raw material W moving from the supply unit 50 to the discharge unit 52 of the rotary drum 14 increases, and thus the biomass raw material W that is slow in dry carbonization can sufficiently perform dry carbonization. .

  Next, the biomass fuel 32 produced by dry carbonization inside the rotary drum 14 is discharged from the discharge unit 52 to the discharge hopper 124.

  In the discharge of the biomass fuel 32 from the discharge part 52, in the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, the discharge part 52 is configured as described above, and only when the discharge port 90 comes on the processing line 20 by the rotation of the rotating drum 14. The open / close lid 92 is automatically opened and closed.

  Thereby, since the discharge port 90 of the rotating drum 14 is not always released to the outside air, it becomes easy to ensure the airtightness inside the rotating drum 14. Therefore, since the decomposition heat generated when the biomass raw material W is carbonized is difficult to escape from the discharge part 52, the dry carbonization efficiency can be improved.

  Next, since the biomass fuel 32 discharged to the discharge hopper 124 is irregular in shape and large in shape, it is processed in the processing line 20.

  That is, in the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, since the processing line 20 is configured as described above, the biomass fuel 32 supplied from the discharge hopper 124 into the cylindrical conveyor casing 138 is supplied by the screw conveyor 140. By the force F1 in the feeding direction and the force F2 opposite to the feeding direction by the pressure plate 142 supported by the spring 144, only the carbonized portion is subjected to a grinding action and is crushed finely. The biomass fuel 32, which is partly carbonized and pulverized, passes through a gap 150 between the pressure plate 142 and the inner peripheral surface of the conveyor casing 138, reaches the sieve 146, and is processed through the holes of the sieve 146. The fuel 32 falls into the product tank 154. The large biomass fuel 32 remaining without being crushed is discharged out of the system from the outlet 146 </ b> B of the sieve 146.

  Thereby, the biomass fuel 32 finely processed into a fixed shape and size can be manufactured. Therefore, not only the combustion efficiency is improved when combusted in the combustion furnace 12, but also the product value when sold as a product is improved.

  In the processing line 20, the conveyor casing 138 is preferably a cylindrical shape, and the pressure plate 142 is preferably a polygon (for example, a hexagon) whose corners are in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the conveyor casing 138 rather than a disk shape. Thereby, a semicircular gap through which the biomass fuel 32 passes is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the conveyor casing 138 and the outer edge of the pressure plate 142. Therefore, the biomass fuel 32 processed into a fine and constant shape and size is easy to pass.

  In addition, since the biomass fuel 32 is processed into a fine and constant shape and size in the processing line 20, troubles such as transport clogging do not occur in the return line 22 that returns a part of the biomass fuel 32 to the combustion furnace 12.

  As described above, the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention depends on the problem of uneven shape and size of the produced biomass fuel 32 and the type of biomass raw material, which has been a conventional problem. The problem of variation in the degree of carbonization can be solved.

[Second Embodiment of Biomass Fuel Production Device]
The second embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 of the present invention is a further improvement in order to solve the problem of variation in the degree of dry carbonization due to the type of biomass raw material W.
In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the same structure as 1st Embodiment of the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus 10 mentioned above.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the second embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 divides the rotary drum 14 into a dry carbonization chamber 161 on the supply unit 50 side and a cooling chamber 163 on the discharge unit 52 side, and a combustion furnace 12 and the flue 130 were arranged corresponding to the dry carbonization chamber 161.

  That is, a flue cover 18 is formed from the front end in the axial direction of the rotating drum 14 to a substantially central position, and a portion of the rotating drum 14 having the flue cover 18 is a drying carbonization chamber 161, and the flue cover is formed. The combustion furnace 12 was disposed on the lower surface of the rear end portion of 18. The stirring plate 126 was provided in the dry carbonization chamber 161.

  On the other hand, the portion without the flue cover 18 from the position where the combustion furnace 12 of the rotating drum 14 is disposed (substantially central position of the rotating drum 14) to the rear end is defined as the cooling chamber 163.

  As described above, since the front side portion of the rotating drum 14 is the drying carbonization chamber 161 and the rear side portion is the cooling chamber 163, it is possible to prevent the carbonization of the biomass raw material W having a fast dry carbonization from proceeding excessively. Further, the biomass fuel 32 in a high temperature state dried and carbonized in the dry carbonization chamber 161 is cooled in the cooling chamber 163 and then discharged from the discharge unit 52. Thereby, when the biomass fuel 32 is discharged | emitted from the discharge part 52 and it contacts external air, it can prevent that the biomass fuel 32 ignites.

  In 2nd Embodiment of the biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus 10, it is preferable to arrange | position the screw conveyor 165 along the axial direction of the inside of the cooling chamber 161. FIG.

  Thus, by arrange | positioning the screw conveyor 165 in the cooling chamber 163, since the screw blade | wing 165A suppresses that the hot air of the dry carbonization chamber 161 flows into the cooling chamber 163, a cooling effect can be improved. Since the suppression effect of hot air flowing into the cooling chamber 163 increases with each turn of the screw blade 165A, the number of screw blades 165A is better, for example, five or more.

Further, in the second embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10, it is preferable to provide a plurality of heat radiating plates 162 protruding outside the rotating drum 14 on the outer periphery of the cooling chamber 163. Thereby, the cooling efficiency of the biomass fuel 32 in the cooling chamber 163 can be improved.
Further, it is preferable to provide a plurality of stirring plates 141 projecting into the rotary drum 14 on the inner periphery of the cooling chamber 163. Thereby, the biomass fuel 32 in the cooling chamber 163 can be stirred to improve the cooling efficiency.

  Further, when the biomass fuel 32 is discharged from the discharge unit 52, low-temperature outside air enters the rotary drum 14. However, by providing the cooling chamber 163, low-temperature outside air enters the cooling chamber 163, and thus cooling of the biomass fuel in the cooling chamber 163 can be accelerated. On the other hand, the outside air that has entered the cooling chamber 163 enters the dry carbonization chamber 161 after being heat-exchanged with the biomass fuel 32 and warmed, so that the temperature of the dry carbonization chamber 161 is unlikely to decrease.

[Third embodiment of biomass fuel production apparatus]
In the third embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 according to the present invention, a self-power generation mechanism is incorporated in the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 to cover the power source of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the third embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 is associated with the combustion furnace 12, a steam boiler machine 164, and a thermal power generator that generates electric power using superheated steam generated in the steam boiler machine 164. 166.

  The steam boiler machine 164 is an application of a circulation bath structure, mainly in the vicinity of the dome-shaped water tank 168 covering the combustion furnace 12 and the flue cover 18 and the upper surface opening 131 of the combustion furnace 12. The steam pipe 170 is provided. Then, the water sent from the water tank 168 becomes superheated steam necessary for power generation through the steam pipe 170 and is sent to the thermal power generator 166 to generate electricity by rotating a steam turbine (not shown), thereby producing a biomass fuel production apparatus. Used as 10 power sources.

  Thereby, the third embodiment of the biomass fuel production apparatus 10 can establish a self-sufficient cycle in which the fuel and power source of the combustion furnace 12 are self-sufficient while the biomass fuel 32 is produced. Therefore, it can be used even in the mountains where electricity is not distributed or in remote areas.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus, 12 ... Combustion furnace, 14 ... Rotary drum, 14A ... Rear end side surface of rotary drum, 15 ... Connecting member of rotary drum, 16 ... Tilt means, 16A ... Hydraulic cylinder main-body part, 16B ... Cylinder rod 18 ... Flue cover, 19 ... Connecting member for flue cover, 20 ... Processing line, 22 ... Return line, 24 ... Universal joint, 26 ... Screw conveyor, 26A ... Shaft tip, 28 ... Motor, 30 ... Fuel tank, 32 ... Biomass fuel, 34 ... Combustion can, 36 ... Combustion dish, 38 ... Shaft suspension, 40 ... Combustion diffusion scraper, 42 ... Ventilation path, 44 ... Air, 46 ... Combustion ash, 48 ... Ash tray, 50 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Supply part, 52 ... Discharge part, 54 ... Floor, 56 ... Base frame, 58 ... Support frame, 60 ... Front side (rear side) roller, 64 ... Flange, 66 ... Drum rotating shaft, 6A ... Projection of drum rotating shaft, 68 ... Front bearing, 70 ... Rear bearing, 72 ... First gear, 74 ... Stepless motor, 74A ... Motor shaft, 76 ... Second gear, 78 ... Endless chain 80 ... Screw conveyor, 80A ... Screw blades, 82 ... Raw material hopper, 82A ... Input port, 83 ... Raw material transfer line, 84 ... Conveyor casing, 86 ... Storage tank, 88 ... Screw conveyor, 90 ... Discharge port, 92 ... Opening / closing Lid, 94 ... biasing member, 96 ... bias release / return mechanism, 98 ... main body block, 100 ... rotating pin, 102 ... swing arm, 104 ... spring, 106 ... open / close bar, 108 ... guide rail, 110 ... Clamping member, 112 ... guide auxiliary rail, 114 ... support arm, 116 ... notch, 118 ... projection plate, 120 ... wheel, 122 ... clamping rod, 124 ... discharge Upper part, 126 ... Stirring plate, 128 ... Rotating shaft, 130 ... Flue, 131 ... Upper surface opening, 132 ... Chimney, 134 ... Baffle plate, 136 ... Seal member, 138 ... Conveyor casing, 138A ... Inlet, 140 ... Screw conveyor , 140A ... Screw shaft, 141 ... Stirring plate, 142 ... Pressure plate, 144 ... Spring, 146 ... Sieve, 147 ... Bearing, 148 ... Motor, 150 ... Gap, 152 ... Gutter member, 154 ... Product tank, 156 ... Conveyor casing DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 158 ... Screw conveyor, 160 ... Control panel, 161 ... Dry carbonization chamber, 162 ... Heat sink, 163 ... Cooling chamber, 164 ... Steam boiler machine, 165 ... Screw conveyor, 166 ... Thermal power generator, 168 ... Water tank, 170 ... Steam pipe

Claims (8)

A combustion furnace;
A rotating drum having a supply section for supplying biomass raw material on one end side in the axial direction, and a discharge section for discharging biomass fuel obtained by dry carbonizing the biomass raw material on the other end side;
For flue that is provided outside the rotating drum so as not to hinder the rotation of the rotating drum, and forms a flue of flue gas generated in the combustion furnace between the rotating drum and heats the rotating drum A cover,
Tilting means for tilting the rotating drum at an arbitrary tilt so that the supply unit side is higher than the discharge unit side;
A processing line for crushing the carbonized portion of the biomass fuel discharged from the discharge portion of the rotating drum;
A return line for returning a part of the biomass fuel processed in the processing line to the combustion furnace,
The supply unit includes a screw conveyor that feeds the biomass raw material into the rotary drum while rotating at the same speed as the rotary drum ,
The processing line includes a long cylindrical conveyor casing having an inlet and an outlet, a screw conveyor provided inside the conveyor casing, and an outlet side of the conveyor casing orthogonal to the axis of the conveyor casing. A biomass fuel production apparatus comprising a pressure plate that is provided and is smaller than the diameter of the conveyor casing . The discharge part is
An outlet for discharging the biomass fuel from the rotating drum;
An open / close lid supported to be freely opened and closed at the discharge port;
A biasing member that biases the opening / closing lid in a closing direction;
An urging release / return mechanism that releases the urging member when the rotating drum rotates and the discharge port is positioned on the processing line, and that returns the urging force when passing through the processing line. Item 2. The biomass fuel production apparatus according to Item 1. The processing line further comprises:
A biasing member that biases the pressure plate from the outlet side of the conveyor casing to the inlet side;
The biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a cylindrical sieve provided in communication with an outlet side of the conveyor casing and having a predetermined mesh diameter and rotating together with the screw conveyor.   The biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flue is provided with flow resistance imparting means for imparting flow resistance to the flue gas supplied from the combustion furnace.   The interior of the rotating drum is divided into a dry carbonization chamber on the supply unit side and a cooling chamber on the discharge unit side, and the combustion furnace and the flue are arranged corresponding to the dry carbonization chamber. The biomass fuel production apparatus according to any one of 4.   The biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the cooling chamber includes a screw conveyor disposed in an axial direction of the rotating drum.   The biomass fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a plurality of heat radiating plates projecting from the inside of the rotating drum to the outside are provided on an outer periphery of the cooling chamber.   The biomass fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the biomass fuel production apparatus includes a steam boiler machine and a generator that generates electric power using high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated in the steam boiler machine.