CN108504369B - Biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device and method - Google Patents
Biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108504369B CN108504369B CN201810532805.9A CN201810532805A CN108504369B CN 108504369 B CN108504369 B CN 108504369B CN 201810532805 A CN201810532805 A CN 201810532805A CN 108504369 B CN108504369 B CN 108504369B
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011276 wood tar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 81
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001536352 Fraxinus americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 carburization Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device and a method, wherein the device comprises a raw material bin, a drying cylinder, a chimney, an external heating type destructive distillation furnace, a single furnace standpipe cooler, a gas collecting main pipe, a cyclone dust collector, a vertical pipe type indirect cooler, a draught fan, a water drying tower, a circulating water tank, a separation tank and a wood tar storage tank, wherein an inlet of the drying cylinder is communicated with the raw material bin, and an outlet of the drying cylinder is communicated with the chimney; the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace is connected with the drying cylinder; the top carbonization gas pipeline of the external heating carbonization furnace is connected with a single furnace standpipe cooler; the upper outlet of the single furnace standpipe cooler is connected with the inlet of the gas collecting main pipe. The invention overcomes the defects of low heat value of the dry distillation gas and high dust content of the gas, such as heat required by dry distillation, charcoal burning loss, heat waste of hot flue gas, and the like, which are caused by the existing air burning extra fuel, reduces the use of supplementary fuel, improves the energy utilization rate, and reduces environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biomass carbonization process, in particular to a biomass carbonization, purification and recovery device and method, which can be applied to carbonization of logs, wood machine-made sticks and machine-made sticks made of extensive agricultural wastes such as rice husks, corncobs, bean stems and the like to prepare charcoal.
Background
Charcoal is a dark brown or black porous solid fuel that remains from the incomplete combustion of wood or wood feedstock, or pyrolysis under air-tight conditions. The pyrolysis carbonization raw materials mainly take two main forms of bar stock and log by a forming machine.
The wood chip is used as raw material, and after being formed by high temperature and high pressure of a machine, the wood chip is sent into a carbonization furnace to be carbonized into machine-made charcoal, no additive is needed to be added in the whole production process, and the machine-made charcoal has the characteristics of long combustion time, high heat value, no smoke generation, no explosion, environmental protection and the like. The machine-made charcoal has two shapes, namely a hollow hexagonal center and a square center.
The traditional charcoal which is formed by firing (even stacking charcoal) trees by adopting a kiln/furnace only takes trees as raw materials, is a project of deep processing and comprehensive utilization of agricultural waste fruit trees and fruit branches, is mostly an industry for destroying resources, and smoke dust, gas and residual liquid generated in the production process are discharged randomly, so that the pollution to air and soil is serious, and is forbidden by the state at present.
The charcoal contains carbon element as main component, very low ash content, heat value of 27.21-33.49 MJ/kg, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and small amount of other elements, and the content is mainly dependent on the final carbonization temperature. At present, the metal-containing fuel is used as a fuel for metal smelting, food and light industry, a reducing agent for electric furnace smelting and a covering agent for protecting metal from oxidation during metal refining besides being used as a living fuel. Carbon disulfide, activated carbon and the like are commonly used as raw materials in the chemical industry. It can be used as fuel for biscuit manufacture, smelting manufacture, etc., and also for filtering water, decolorizing liquid, and preparing black powder. It can also be used for grinding, painting, making up, medicine, gunpowder, carburization, powder alloy, etc.
The preparation method comprises two steps:
(1) Kiln firing method, using earth to build kiln, filling wood, burning from kiln door or fire door point to make wood charred in kiln, volatile escaping and residual charcoal;
(2) And a dry distillation method, namely dry distillation of wood. According to different flameout methods, black carbon and white carbon can be produced.
The method of extinguishing fire in a closed kiln/furnace is generally called a kiln/furnace extinguishing method, namely, extinguishing fire by isolating air, and the obtained charcoal is called black charcoal. When the wood is carbonized in the kiln/furnace, the wood is scraped or poured out of the kiln/furnace while hot, and then the wet sandy soil is used for flameout, which is called a kiln/furnace external flameout method. During flameout, charcoal is calcined by contact with air, the outside of the charcoal is oxidized, and the generated white ash adheres to the charcoal, which is called "white charcoal".
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purifying and recycling device and method, which aims to solve the problems that the byproduct destructive distillation gas of the existing charcoal production process is discharged at will, and the destructive distillation liquid product cannot be recycled and soil is polluted; the second purpose is to solve the defect that the dry distillation liquid product can not be recycled and pollutes the soil; and thirdly, the energy utilization rate can be improved to a great extent, and the air pollution can be reduced.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device comprises a raw material bin, a drying cylinder, a chimney, an external heating type destructive distillation furnace, a single furnace standpipe cooler, a gas collecting main pipe, a cyclone dust collector, a vertical pipe type intercooler, an induced draft fan, a water drying tower, a circulating water tank, a separation tank and a wood tar storage tank, wherein an inlet of the drying cylinder is communicated with the raw material bin, and an outlet of the drying cylinder is communicated with the chimney; the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace is connected with the drying cylinder; the top carbonization gas pipeline of the external heating carbonization furnace is connected with a single furnace standpipe cooler; the upper outlet of the single furnace standpipe cooler is connected with the inlet of the gas collecting main pipe, the outlet of the gas collecting main pipe is connected with the inlet of the cyclone dust collector, the outlet of the upper end of the cyclone dust collector is connected with the inlet of the upper part of the vertical pipe type intercooler, the outlet of the upper part of the vertical pipe type intercooler is connected with the water drying tower, the lower end of the water drying tower is connected with the circulating water tank, and the outlet of the lower part of the circulating water tank is connected with the inlet of the lower part of the vertical pipe type intercooler; the cyclone dust collector, the vertical tube type intercooler and the lower outlet of the single furnace standpipe cooler are respectively connected with the inlet of the separation tank, and the outlet of the separation tank is connected with the upper inlet of the cyclone dust collector through a circulating washing pump; the lower outlet of the vertical tube type indirect cooler is connected with the inlet of an induced draft fan, and the outlet of the induced draft fan is connected with a bottom gas pipeline of the external heating type carbonization furnace.
The raw material bin is connected with the drying cylinder through spiral conveying equipment.
The vertical pipe type intercooler is provided with a circulating backwater and circulating water feeding interface.
The external heating type carbonization furnace is provided with a plurality of external heating type carbonization furnaces in parallel, and each external heating type carbonization furnace is correspondingly provided with a single furnace standpipe cooler.
The number of the induced draft fans is two, and the two induced draft fans are arranged in parallel; the lower outlet of the circulating water pool is connected with the lower inlet of the vertical tube type intercooler through two circulating water pumps, and the two circulating water pumps are arranged in parallel; the number of the circulating washing pumps is two, and the two circulating washing pumps are arranged in parallel.
The external heating type carbonization furnace at least comprises a shell and a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is positioned in the shell, a movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and refractory bricks are built on the inner wall of the combustion chamber.
The bottom in the separating tank is provided with a baffle plate.
A recovery method of a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device comprises the following specific steps:
step one, charcoal raw materials enter a raw material bin, enter a drying cylinder through spiral conveying equipment for pre-drying, and the dried raw materials are used as raw materials entering an external heating type carbonization furnace for standby;
step two, the raw materials are dried and distilled in an external heating type carbonization furnace; the carbonization products generated by carbonization and carbonization are sucked out from the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace and enter a single furnace standpipe cooler, and are collected into a gas collecting main pipe after preliminary washing;
step three, introducing the mixed dry distillation gas led out from the gas collecting main pipe into a cyclone dust collector for secondary purification and recovery, then, continuously introducing the dry distillation product into a vertical tube type indirect cooler for heat exchange with circulating cooling water, after heat exchange, delivering part of the clean dry distillation gas into an external heating type dry distillation furnace by a draught fan to supplement gas fuel, and temporarily discharging the rest part of the dry distillation gas by the rear part of the draught fan;
step four, separating out mixed liquid dry distillation products separated out by a main purification recovery device from a single furnace vertical pipe cooler, a cyclone dust collector and a vertical pipe type intercooler, converging the mixed liquid dry distillation products to a wood tar and separation tank through a pipeline, and separating the mixture in the tank into a wood tar slag layer, a wood tar layer and a wood vinegar layer through heat exchange and sedimentation; sending the obtained wood tar into a wood tar storage tank to be used as a product to be sent out; pressurizing the obtained pyroligneous liquor by a circulating washing pump, and then delivering the pressurized pyroligneous liquor to a single-furnace standpipe cooler and a cyclone dust collector by pipelines for recycling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention overcomes the defect of high energy waste caused by the process of using air to burn coal or wood to provide heat required by carbonization in the prior art, and recovers and comprehensively utilizes carbonization gas; the heat source required by the drying cylinder is from hot flue gas generated by the external heating type carbonization furnace group, so that sensible heat is recovered, the drying degree of raw materials is improved, and the subsequent carbonization processing is facilitated.
The dry distillation gas purifying and recycling system is formed by connecting a single furnace vertical pipe cooler, a gas collecting main pipe, a cyclone dust collector, a vertical pipe type indirect cooler and an induced draft fan sequentially through pipelines, and can separate wood tar, wood vinegar and wood tar residues;
and heating the carbonization chamber of the carbonization furnace to the carbonization temperature required by the raw materials by using the purified carbonization gas as fuel. The invention combines the raw materials by pre-drying and heating, and dry distillation, wood tar and wood vinegar separation into a whole, so that the process can realize the functions of drying, dry distillation gas purification and wood tar recovery of various wood raw materials, achieve the aim of effectively utilizing the heat value of the dry distillation gas, comprehensively utilize resources and meet the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the device structure and process flow of the present invention.
In the drawings, reference numerals are: 1. a raw material bin; 2. a drying cylinder; 3. a chimney; 4. external heating carbonization retort furnace; 5. a single furnace standpipe cooler; 6. a gas collecting main pipe; 7. a cyclone dust collector; 8. a vertical tube type intercooler; 9. an induced draft fan; 10. a water-airing tower; 11. a water airing pool; 12. a circulating water pump; 13. a circulation washing pump; 14. wood tar and wood vinegar separating tank; 15. wood tar storage tanks.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the invention provides a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purifying and recycling device and method, which aim to overcome the problems that the byproduct destructive distillation gas in the existing charcoal production process is discharged randomly, the destructive distillation liquid product cannot be recycled and soil is polluted.
The biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device comprises a raw material bin 1, a drying cylinder 2, a chimney 3, an external heating type destructive distillation furnace 4, a single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5, a gas collecting main pipe 6, a cyclone dust collector 7, a vertical pipe type intercooler 8, a draught fan 9, a water drying tower 10, a circulating water tank 11, a separation tank 14 and a wood tar storage tank 15, wherein the inlet of the drying cylinder 2 is communicated with the raw material bin 1, and the outlet of the drying cylinder 2 is communicated with the chimney 3; the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace 4 is connected with the drying cylinder 2; the top carbonization gas pipeline of the external heating carbonization furnace 4 is connected with a single furnace standpipe cooler 5; the upper outlet of the single-furnace vertical pipe cooler 5 is connected with the inlet of the gas collecting main pipe 6, the outlet of the gas collecting main pipe 6 is connected with the inlet of the cyclone dust collector 7, the outlet of the upper end of the cyclone dust collector 7 is connected with the inlet of the upper part of the vertical pipe type intercooler 8, the outlet of the upper part of the vertical pipe type intercooler 8 is connected with the water drying tower 10, the lower end of the water drying tower 10 is connected with the circulating water tank 11, and the outlet of the lower part of the circulating water tank 11 is connected with the inlet of the lower part of the vertical pipe type intercooler 8; the cyclone dust collector 7, the vertical tube type intercooler 8 and the lower outlet of the single furnace standpipe cooler 5 are respectively connected with the inlet of the separation tank 14, and the outlet of the separation tank 14 is connected with the upper inlet of the cyclone dust collector 7 through the circulating washing pump 13; the lower outlet of the vertical tube type intercooler 8 is connected with the inlet of the induced draft fan 9, and the outlet of the induced draft fan 9 is connected with the bottom gas pipeline of the external heating type carbonization furnace 4.
The invention provides a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device as shown in figure 1, which comprises a drying system, a destructive distillation gas purification recovery system, a wood tar, wood vinegar separation system and a water cooling system.
Wherein, former feed bin 1, stoving section of thick bamboo 2, chimney 3 constitute drying system, and the main effect is the dehumidification of raw materials. The raw materials are fed to a drying cylinder 2 through a spiral conveying device, and the drying cylinder 2 is connected with a flue gas system of an external heating type carbonization furnace 4 through a pipeline; the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace 4 is connected with the drying cylinder 2 to provide dry hot smoke.
The carbonization system is formed by arranging a plurality of external heating carbonization furnaces 4 which are arranged in parallel, the raw materials are continuously dried and carbonized, and the external heating carbonization furnaces 4 are respectively connected with a drying system and a carbonization gas purifying and recycling system through a pipeline system.
The dry distillation gas purifying and recycling system is formed by connecting a single furnace standpipe cooler 5, a gas collecting main pipe 6, a cyclone dust collector 7, a vertical pipe type intercooler 8 and a draught fan 9 through pipelines in sequence, and mainly realizes gas-liquid separation of dry distillation gas; the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace 4 is connected with a single furnace standpipe cooler 5 of the carbonization gas purification system through a pipeline; one part of an outlet pipeline of the induced draft fan 9 of the carbonization gas purifying and recycling system is connected with a gas input pipe arranged at the lower part of the external heating carbonization furnace 4, and the other part is connected to an accident diffusing pipeline.
The wood tar and wood vinegar separating system is composed of a separating tank 14 and a wood tar storage tank 15 which are connected through pipelines, and mainly realizes the further separation of dry distillation liquid products, wherein the separating tank 14 is respectively connected with a single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5, a cyclone dust collector 7 and a vertical pipe intercooler 8 through pipelines; the washing liquid of the separation tank 14 is connected with the upper part of the cyclone dust collector 7 through a circulating washing pump 13; the purified and recovered products of the single furnace standpipe cooler 5, the cyclone dust collector 7 and the vertical tube type intercooler 8 are collected into a separation tank 14 through pipelines for natural separation, the separation tank 14 adopts an adjustable baffle plate design, and the physical separation of oil and liquid is adjusted according to the different dry distillation product yields of different dry distillation raw materials.
The water cooling tower 10, the circulating water tank 11 and the circulating water pump 12 are connected to form a water cooling system for cooling and circulating supply of cooling water, wherein an outlet pipeline of the circulating water pump 12 is connected with a bottom circulating water inlet pipeline of the vertical pipe type intercooler 8 and a water supply main pipe of the single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5, and the water cooling tower 10 is connected with a top circulating water outlet pipeline of the vertical pipe type intercooler 8 and a water return main pipe of the single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5. The single furnace standpipe cooler 5 and the vertical pipe type intercooler 8 are provided with a circulating backwater and circulating water feeding interface. The independent circulating cooling water airing system capable of guaranteeing the temperature of cooling water is used for indirectly cooling, so that the recycling rate of water is improved and the environment is not polluted while the condensing temperature is guaranteed.
The invention overcomes the defects of energy waste, waste discharge of carbonization gas and high waste gas caused by the process of using air to burn a large amount of coal and providing heat required by carbonization in the prior art, and ensures that the produced carbonization gas is utilized; the carbonization system can realize carbonization of machine-made sticks and logs, and raw materials are pyrolyzed into charcoal and carbonization gas containing wood tar; the dry distillation gas purification system formed by connecting a single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5, a gas collecting main pipe 6, a cyclone dust collector 7, a vertical pipe type intercooler 8 and a draught fan 9 sequentially through pipelines can wash, purify and cool dry distillation gas containing wood tar; the wood tar and wood vinegar separating system can separate condensate generated in the dry distillation gas purifying and recycling system into wood tar residues, wood tar and wood vinegar; the drying system removes the water content of the raw materials in advance by utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas. According to the invention, the drying system, the carbonization gas purifying and recycling system, the wood tar, the wood vinegar separating system and the water drying system are combined into a whole, so that the process can realize the functions of carbonization, carbonization gas purifying and wood tar recycling of various raw materials, achieves the purpose of effectively utilizing carbonization gas and hot flue gas, comprehensively utilizes resources and meets the requirements of environmental protection and energy saving.
Example 2:
based on the embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the raw material bin 1 is connected with the drying cylinder 2 through a screw conveying device.
The raw material bin 1 conveys raw materials to the drying cylinder 2 through spiral conveying equipment, so that the environment is guaranteed to be low in dust, and the exhaust gas is prevented from leaking. The drying cylinder 2 is obliquely arranged, the oblique angle is not more than 6 degrees, and one end of the drying cylinder 2, which is close to the raw material bin 1, is higher than the other end of the drying cylinder 2.
The vertical tube type intercooler 8 is provided with a circulating backwater and circulating water feeding interface.
The number of the external heating type carbonization furnaces 4 is multiple, the external heating type carbonization furnaces 4 are arranged in parallel, and each external heating type carbonization furnace 4 is correspondingly provided with a single furnace standpipe cooler 5.
The number of the induced draft fans 9 is two, and the two induced draft fans 9 are arranged in parallel; the lower outlet of the circulating water tank 11 is connected with the lower inlet of the vertical tube type intercooler 8 through two circulating water pumps 12, and the two circulating water pumps 12 are arranged in parallel; the number of the circulating washing pumps 13 is two, and the two circulating washing pumps 13 are arranged in parallel.
The induced draft fan 9, the circulating water pump 12 and the circulating washing pump 13 are all arranged two, one is standby, so that the standby is ensured to be started after one has a problem, the work of the whole device cannot be influenced, and the work efficiency is effectively ensured.
The external heating carbonization furnace 4 at least comprises a shell and a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is positioned in the shell, a movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and refractory bricks are built on the inner wall of the combustion chamber.
The bottom of the combustion chamber of the external heating carbonization retort 4 is provided with a movable grate, and coal or wood can be burned during starting; meanwhile, a gas burner (gas burner) is arranged, and clean dry distillation gas after normal production, purification and recovery is combusted to provide dry distillation heat; refractory bricks are built on the inner wall of the combustion chamber for heat preservation and heat insulation. The middle part of the inner side of the carbonization furnace is provided with an integral detachable carbonization chamber, and a machine-made rod or log is placed in the carbonization chamber for carbonization intermittently. The carbonization product generated by carbonization and carbonization is sucked out from the top of the external heating carbonization and carbonization furnace and enters a standpipe cooler 5, after preliminary washing, the carbonization product is collected and enters a gas collecting main pipe 6, and then enters a cyclone dust collector 7 with a spray washing device at the top for secondary purification and recovery, then the carbonization product continuously enters a vertical pipe type intercooler 8 for heat exchange with circulating cooling water, clean carbonization gas is sent to the external heating carbonization and carbonization furnace 4 by an induced draft fan 9 for supplementing gas fuel after heat exchange, the surplus gas can be used as boiler fuel, and a connecting pipe for temporary diffusion is arranged behind the induced draft fan 9.
A partition plate is arranged at the bottom of the separation tank 14. The separation tank 14 is formed by sequentially communicating a plurality of horizontally arranged steel structure lattices with labyrinth openings, and the top of each lattice opening is provided with a baffle plate which can adjust different heights.
The invention overcomes the defects of low heat value of the dry distillation gas and high dust content of the gas, such as heat required by dry distillation, charcoal burning loss, heat waste of hot flue gas, and the like, which are caused by the existing air burning extra fuel, reduces the use of supplementary fuel, improves the energy utilization rate, and reduces environmental pollution.
Example 3:
based on the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the embodiment provides a recycling method of a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recycling device, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, charcoal raw materials enter a raw material bin 1, enter a drying cylinder 2 through spiral conveying equipment for pre-drying, and the dried raw materials are used as raw materials entering an external heating type carbonization furnace 4 for standby;
step two, the raw materials are dried and distilled in the external heating type carbonization furnace 4; the carbonization products generated by carbonization and carbonization are sucked out from the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace 4 and enter a single furnace standpipe cooler 5, and are collected into a gas collecting main pipe 6 after preliminary washing;
step three, the mixed dry distillation gas led out from the gas collecting main pipe 6 enters a cyclone dust collector 7 for secondary purification and recovery, then, dry distillation products continuously enter a vertical pipe type intercooler 8 for heat exchange with circulating cooling water, after heat exchange, part of the clean dry distillation gas is sent to an external heating type dry distillation furnace 4 by an induced draft fan 9 to supplement gas fuel, and the rest part of the dry distillation gas is temporarily discharged and emptied after the induced draft fan 9;
step four, mainly purifying and recovering mixed liquid dry distillation products separated out by three parts of a single furnace standpipe cooler 5, a cyclone dust collector 7 and a riser type intercooler 8, converging the mixed liquid dry distillation products to a wood tar and separation tank 14 through a pipeline, and separating the mixture in the tank into a wood tar slag layer, a wood tar layer and a wood vinegar layer through heat exchange and sedimentation; the obtained wood tar is sent to a wood tar storage tank 15 to be sent out as a product; the obtained pyroligneous liquor is pressurized by a circulating washing pump 13 and then is sent to a single furnace standpipe cooler 5 and a cyclone dust collector 7 for recycling through a pipeline.
The raw materials are sent into a raw material warehouse 1 by a conveyor and are sent into a drying cylinder 2 at regular time, the raw materials are continuously turned over in the drying cylinder, and the raw materials and hot flue gas are subjected to reverse heat exchange to finish the primary drying process. In the process, a hot flue gas input pipe arranged on the external heating type carbonization furnace 4 is connected with the drying cylinder 2. The flue gas after heat exchange carries moisture and is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney 3. Raw materials in the carbonization chamber in the external heating type carbonization furnace 4 are continuously dried and carbonized along with the rising of the temperature. The time and temperature required by the carbonization system are regulated according to different raw material types and different products. When the furnace temperature is 100-150 ℃, the raw materials in the furnace are severely dehumidified; when the furnace temperature is raised to 275-300 ℃, the carbonization starts and is accelerated along with the rise of the temperature, and the carbonization stage is started. When the furnace temperature is raised to 400 ℃, the heat continues to increase, the charcoal stops generating dry distillation stantially, and the charcoal enters the calcination stage, and the calcination period can reach 600-700 ℃. Charcoal at 400 ℃ or higher belongs to low-temperature charcoal, charcoal at 600 ℃ or higher belongs to medium-temperature charcoal, and charcoal at 900 ℃ or higher belongs to high-temperature charcoal.
The dry distillation products led out from the dry distillation system are sucked out from the top of the external heating type dry distillation furnace 4 and enter a standpipe cooler 5, are collected into a gas collecting main pipe 6 after preliminary washing, enter a cyclone dust collector 7 with a spray washing device at the top for secondary purification and recovery, then enter a vertical tube type intercooler 8 continuously, exchange heat with circulating cooling water, and after heat exchange, clean dry distillation gas is sent to the external heating type dry distillation furnace 4 by an induced draft fan 9 to be used as gas fuel, and liquid products enter the device for recovery.
The mixed liquid dry distillation products separated out from the three main purification recovery devices of the single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5, the cyclone dust collector 7 and the vertical pipe type intercooler 8 are converged to a wood tar and wood vinegar separating tank through a pipeline, and the mixture in the tank is subjected to heat exchange and sedimentation, so that the purpose of cooling wood vinegar is achieved, and the wood vinegar serving as condensate is favorable for spraying and heat exchanging dry distillation gas again. The obtained wood tar is sent into a wood tar storage tank 15 to be sent out as a product through long-time standing and heat exchange; the obtained pyroligneous liquor is sent to a cyclone dust collector 7 for recycling through a pipeline; the separated small amount of wood tar residues can be used as supplementary fuel or accumulated fertilizer.
Part of the dry distillation gas of the purification recovery system is connected with a gas input pipe arranged at the lower part of the carbonization dry distillation furnace at an outlet pipeline of the induced draft fan 9 to be used as fuel (or can be introduced into a combustion chamber of the drying system to burn to generate hot flue gas), and the other part of the dry distillation gas is connected to an accident diffusion pipeline.
The invention overcomes the defects of energy waste, waste discharge of carbonization gas and high waste gas caused by the process of using air to burn a large amount of coal and providing heat required by carbonization in the prior art, and ensures that the produced carbonization gas is utilized; the carbonization system can realize carbonization of machine-made sticks and logs, and raw materials are pyrolyzed into charcoal and carbonization gas containing wood tar; the dry distillation gas purification system formed by connecting a single furnace vertical pipe cooler 5, a gas collecting main pipe 6, a cyclone dust collector 7, a vertical pipe type intercooler 8 and a draught fan 9 sequentially through pipelines can wash, purify and cool dry distillation gas containing wood tar; the wood tar and wood vinegar separating system can separate condensate generated in the dry distillation gas purifying system into wood tar residues, wood tar and wood vinegar; the drying system removes the water content of the raw materials in advance by utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas. According to the invention, the drying system, the carbonization system, the purifying system, the wood tar, the wood vinegar separating system and the water drying system are combined into a whole, so that the process can realize the functions of carbonization of various raw materials, purification of carbonization gas and recovery of wood tar, achieve the purpose of effectively utilizing carbonization gas and hot flue gas, comprehensively utilize resources and meet the requirements of environmental protection and energy conservation.
The portions of the present embodiment not described in detail are common means known in the industry, and are not described here. The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A recovery method of a biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device comprises a raw material bin (1), a drying cylinder (2) and a chimney (3), an external heating type destructive distillation furnace (4), a single furnace standpipe cooler (5), a gas collecting main pipe (6), a cyclone dust collector (7), a standpipe type intercooler (8), an induced draft fan (9), a water drying tower (10), a circulating water tank (11), a wood vinegar separating tank (14) and a wood tar storage tank (15), wherein the inlet of the drying cylinder (2) is communicated with the raw material bin (1), and the outlet of the drying cylinder (2) is communicated with the chimney (3); the smoke exhaust pipeline at the top of the external heating type carbonization furnace (4) is connected with the drying cylinder (2); the top carbonization gas pipeline of the external heating carbonization furnace (4) is connected with a single furnace standpipe cooler (5); the upper outlet of the single-furnace vertical pipe cooler (5) is connected with the inlet of the gas collecting main pipe (6), the outlet of the gas collecting main pipe (6) is connected with the inlet of the cyclone dust collector (7), the outlet of the upper end of the cyclone dust collector (7) is connected with the inlet of the upper part of the vertical pipe type intercooler (8), the outlet of the upper part of the vertical pipe type intercooler (8) is connected with the water drying tower (10), the lower end of the water drying tower (10) is connected with the circulating water tank (11), and the outlet of the lower part of the circulating water tank (11) is connected with the inlet of the lower part of the vertical pipe type intercooler (8); the outlets of the cyclone dust collector (7), the vertical pipe type intercooler (8) and the lower part of the single-furnace vertical pipe cooler (5) are respectively connected with the inlet of the wood vinegar separating tank (14), and the outlet of the wood vinegar separating tank (14) is connected with the inlet of the upper part of the cyclone dust collector (7) through a circulating washing pump (13); the lower outlet of the vertical tube type indirect cooler (8) is connected with the inlet of an induced draft fan (9), and the outlet of the induced draft fan (9) is connected with a bottom gas pipeline of the external heating type carbonization furnace (4);
the recycling method of the material carbonization, purification and recycling device comprises the following specific steps:
step one, charcoal raw materials enter a raw material bin (1), enter a drying cylinder (2) through spiral conveying equipment for pre-drying, and the dried raw materials are used as raw materials entering an external heating type carbonization furnace (4) for standby;
step two, the raw materials are dried and distilled in an external heating type carbonization furnace (4); the carbonization products generated by carbonization and carbonization are sucked out from the top of an external heating type carbonization furnace (4) and enter a single furnace standpipe cooler (5), and are collected into a gas collecting main pipe (6) after preliminary washing;
step three, introducing the mixed dry distillation gas led out from the gas collecting main pipe (6) into a cyclone dust collector (7) for secondary purification and recovery, then, continuously introducing a dry distillation product into a vertical tube type indirect cooler (8), exchanging heat with circulating cooling water, and after exchanging heat, delivering a part of clean dry distillation gas to an external heating type dry distillation furnace (4) by a draught fan (9) to supplement gas fuel, and temporarily discharging the rest part of dry distillation gas by the draught fan (9);
step four, mainly purifying and recovering mixed liquid dry distillation products separated out by the three parts of a single furnace vertical pipe cooler (5), a cyclone dust collector (7) and a vertical pipe type intercooler (8), converging the mixed liquid dry distillation products to a wood tar and wood vinegar separating tank (14) through a pipeline, and separating the mixture in the tank into a wood tar slag layer, a wood tar layer and a wood vinegar layer through heat exchange and sedimentation; sending the obtained wood tar into a wood tar storage tank (15) as a product for delivery; pressurizing the obtained pyroligneous liquor by a circulating washing pump (13), and then delivering the pyroligneous liquor to a single-furnace standpipe cooler (5) and a cyclone dust collector (7) for recycling through pipelines.
2. The recovery method of the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery method comprises the following steps: the raw material bin (1) is connected with the drying cylinder (2) through spiral conveying equipment.
3. The recovery method of the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery method comprises the following steps: the vertical pipe type intercooler (8) is provided with a circulating backwater and circulating water feeding interface.
4. The recovery method of the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery method comprises the following steps: the external heating type carbonization furnace comprises a plurality of external heating type carbonization furnaces (4), wherein the external heating type carbonization furnaces (4) are arranged in parallel, and each external heating type carbonization furnace (4) is correspondingly provided with a single furnace standpipe cooler (5).
5. The recovery method of the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery method comprises the following steps: the number of the induced draft fans (9) is two, and the two induced draft fans (9) are arranged in parallel; the lower outlet of the circulating water tank (11) is connected with the lower inlet of the vertical tube type intercooler (8) through two circulating water pumps (12), and the two circulating water pumps (12) are arranged in parallel; the number of the circulating washing pumps (13) is two, and the two circulating washing pumps (13) are arranged in parallel.
6. The recovery method of the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery method comprises the following steps: the external heating type carbonization furnace (4) at least comprises a shell and a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is positioned in the shell, a movable grate is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber, and refractory bricks are built on the inner wall of the combustion chamber.
7. The recovery method of the biomass carbonization destructive distillation purification recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery method comprises the following steps: the inner bottom of the wood vinegar separating tank (14) is provided with a baffle plate.
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