CN209857020U - A biomass heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a biomass energy heating system, which comprises a gasification furnace, a combustion-supporting chamber, a steam boiler, a blower, a combustion-supporting fan and a heating device. The oxygen gas is blown into the internal combustion chamber and combustion-supporting chamber of the gasification furnace. The flue gas outlet of the combustion-supporting chamber is connected with the steam boiler, and the steam outlet of the steam boiler is connected with the steam inlet of the heating device. The beneficial effect of the utility model is that: the flue gas with heat produced after the biomass combustion is introduced into the steam boiler to prepare steam, and then the steam is introduced into the heating device to realize heating, so that the resources can be utilized to the greatest extent; Biomass is firstly burned in the gasifier, and then supported by the combustion chamber, so that the combustible gas is fully burned, and the harmful substances are directly decomposed, reducing the harmfulness of the generated flue gas.

Description

A biomass heating system

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of clean energy, in particular to a biomass energy heating system.

Background technique

Biomass mainly refers to lignocellulose (lignin for short) such as straw and trees other than grain and fruit in the process of agricultural and forestry production, leftovers of agricultural product processing, agricultural and forestry waste, and poultry manure and waste in the process of animal husbandry. matter etc.

Biomass energy has always been an important energy source for human survival. It ranks fourth in the world's total energy consumption after coal, oil and natural gas, and occupies an important position in the entire energy system. my country is a large agricultural country, and biomass energy is extremely rich. There are many types of substances produced in agricultural and forestry production, and the output is huge. The more common ones are: plant straw, corn cob, rice husk, sawdust, etc. The use of biomass fuel for heating has great potential. development potential.

The annual production of crop straw in the country is about 600 million tons, and about 300 million tons can be used as fuel, which is equivalent to about 150 million tons of standard coal. The annual available amount of forest branches and forestry waste is about 900 million tons, and about 300 million tons can be used as energy Utilization, equivalent to about 200 million tons of standard coal, the current potential of my country's biomass resources to be converted into energy is about 800 million tons of standard coal. However, in the existing technology, biomass is directly incinerated, which not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the air.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a biomass energy heating system to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

The technical solution of the utility model to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a biomass energy heating system, including a gasification furnace, a combustion chamber, a steam boiler, a blower, a combustion air fan and a heating device, a combustion chamber and an internal combustion chamber of the gasification furnace Connected, the blower and the combustion-supporting fan are used to blow oxygen gas into the internal combustion chamber and the combustion-supporting chamber of the gasifier respectively, the flue gas discharge port of the combustion-supporting chamber is connected with the steam boiler, and the steam outlet of the steam boiler is connected with the steam inlet of the heating device Pass.

The beneficial effect of the utility model is that: the flue gas with heat produced after the biomass combustion is introduced into the steam boiler to prepare steam, and then the steam is introduced into the heating device to realize heating, so that the resources can be utilized to the greatest extent; Biomass is firstly burned in the gasifier, and then supported by the combustion chamber, so that the combustible gas is fully burned, and the harmful substances are directly decomposed, reducing the harmfulness of the generated flue gas.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the utility model can also be improved as follows.

Further, an induced draft fan is also included, and the air inlet of the induced draft fan communicates with the flue gas discharge port of the steam boiler.

The further beneficial effects of adopting the above are: the flow direction of the smoke can be guided and the fluidity of the smoke can be improved.

Further, a tail gas purifier is also included, and the gas outlet of the induced draft fan is connected with the flue gas inlet of the tail gas purifier.

The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that the flue gas can be purified so that it can be discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard, so as to avoid polluting the atmosphere.

Further, the tail gas purifier includes a shell and an air intake pipe, the shell is filled with washing liquid, one end of the air intake pipe is connected to the air outlet of the induced draft fan, and the other end of the air intake pipe extends below the liquid level of the washing liquid in the shell, The housing is provided with an air outlet above the liquid level.

Further, the exhaust gas purifier also includes a spray assembly, the spray assembly is arranged in the casing, and the spray assembly is located above the liquid level line of the washing liquid in the casing.

Further, a labyrinth airflow passage is provided in the housing between the liquid level line of the washing liquid and the air outlet on it, and the spray assembly is located above the labyrinth airflow passage.

The beneficial effects of adopting the above three further steps are: the flue gas can be effectively purified, and the purification efficiency is high.

Further, the heating device includes a plate heat exchange unit and a heating assembly, the steam outlet of the steam boiler is connected to the air inlet of the plate heat exchange unit, and the two ends of the heating assembly are respectively connected to the liquid outlet and the inlet of the plate heat exchange unit through pipelines. The liquid port is connected.

Further, the heating components are heating coils and/or radiators.

Further, the heating device also includes a circulation pump, and the circulation pump is arranged on the pipeline between the heating component and the liquid inlet of the plate heat exchange unit.

The beneficial effect of adopting the above three further steps is that various forms of heating demands can be met.

Further, it also includes an upper hopper and a raw material conveyor. The upper hopper is erected on the raw material conveyor, and the discharge port of the upper hopper is located above the feed end of the raw material conveyor, and the discharge end of the raw material conveyor extends to the inlet of the gasifier. At the mouth of the material.

The further beneficial effect of adopting the above is that automatic feeding can be realized and labor intensity can be reduced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biomass heating system described in the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:

1. Gasifier, 2. Combustion chamber, 3. Steam boiler, 4. Blower, 5. Combustion fan, 6. Heating device, 610. Plate heat exchange unit, 620. Heating coil, 630. Radiator, 640. Circulation pump, 7. Induced fan, 8. Exhaust gas purifier, 9. Upper hopper, 10. Raw material conveyor, 11. Chimney.

Detailed ways

The principles and features of the present utility model are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the utility model, and are not used to limit the scope of the utility model.

As shown in Figure 1, a biomass energy heating system includes a gasifier 1, a combustion chamber 2, a steam boiler 3, a blower 4, a combustion air fan 5 and a heating device 6, the combustion chamber 2 and the interior of the gasification furnace 1 The combustion chamber is connected, and the blower 4 is arranged on the elbow of the explosion-proof pipe at the rear of the combustion chamber in the gasification furnace 1. The blower 4 is used to blow oxygen gas into the combustion chamber of the gasification furnace 1, and the oxygen gas can be air; The front end of the chamber 2 is connected to the outlet of the internal combustion chamber of the gasifier 1, and two fire viewing ports are arranged on both sides of the connection port, and four supplementary air inlets are respectively arranged on both sides of the rear end of the combustion chamber 2, and the supplementary air inlets are provided with pipes Connected with the combustion-supporting fan 5, the upper part of the combustion-supporting chamber 5 is provided with two metal explosion-proof ports, and the combustion-supporting fan 5 is used to blow aerobic gas into the combustion-supporting chamber 2, which can be air; the flue gas discharge port of the combustion-supporting chamber 2 It is connected with the steam boiler 3 , and the steam outlet of the steam boiler 3 is connected with the steam inlet of the heating device 6 .

The masonry direction of the internal flue of steam boiler 3 is a broken line labyrinth. The front section of steam boiler 3 is provided with a combustion chamber connected to the combustion chamber 2. Three rows of stainless steel intake pipes are arranged on the brick walls on both sides of steam boiler 3 to facilitate full combustion of gas. There are concealed ash removal ports on the bottom of both sides of the boiler 3, which is convenient for cleaning the internal dust collection during maintenance. There are four metal explosion-proof ports on the top and both sides of the steam boiler 3.

The gasification furnace 1 includes a furnace body and a bracket supporting the furnace body. The top of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet. The gasification reaction chamber, the gasification reaction chamber and the inner cavity are connected to each other, and there is an internal combustion chamber in the combustion section. A cooling device is provided in the section, a carbon storage bin is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and a discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the carbon storage bin. All the organic substances in the biomass raw materials are volatilized to form high-temperature fixed carbon, and the volume is reduced to 1/2. The concentration and combustion value are improved, the fixed charcoal moves downwards and enters the cooling section, the heat is absorbed by the device, the gas enters the combustion chamber 2 from the internal combustion chamber to the outlet, the gas enters the steam boiler 3 for heat supply after combustion, and the oxidized raw materials enter After the carbon storage bin is released from the discharge valve, the raw materials after carbonization are used to produce activated carbon, etc.

The biomass energy heating system also includes an induced draft fan 7 , the air inlet of the induced draft fan 7 communicates with the flue gas discharge port of the steam boiler 3 .

The biomass energy heating system also includes an exhaust gas purifier 8 , and the air outlet of the induced draft fan 7 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the exhaust gas purifier 8 .

Exhaust gas purifier 8 comprises shell and air intake pipe, and the inside of shell is filled with washing liquid, and one end of air intake pipe is connected with the air outlet of induced draft fan 7, and the other end of air intake pipe extends below the liquid level line of washing liquid in the shell, The casing is provided with an air outlet above the liquid surface line. In addition, the exhaust gas purifier 8 also includes a spray assembly, which is arranged in the casing, and the spray assembly is located above the liquid surface line of the washing liquid in the casing. A labyrinth airflow channel is provided between the liquid level line of the washing liquid and the air outlet on it. The spray assembly is located above the labyrinth airflow channel. The smoke discharged by the induced draft fan 7 first enters the air intake pipe, and then The air intake pipe enters the washing liquid, the flue gas is washed by the washing liquid and then flows to the labyrinth air flow channel, and finally flows out from the labyrinth air flow channel to the air outlet on the shell, and the spray assembly always sprays the washing liquid to the labyrinth air flow channel , the cleaning liquid can be tap water, and the tail gas purifier 8 can better remove the remaining tar, organic aldehyde, phenol and fine particles in the flue gas, so that the combustible gas can reach impurity particle size ≤ 20mg/m ³ , impurity content ≤ 10mg/m ³ , the main production indicators have reached the highest level in the industry, the gas production and heating capacity of a single gasifier is 4.32MW, the consumption of heating fuel (wood chips) is 8000kg/MW, and the production of activated carbon is 1470kg/MW , The yield of activated carbon was 19%. The air outlet of the casing is connected with a chimney 11 .

The heating device 6 includes a plate heat exchange unit 610 and a heating assembly. The steam outlet of the steam boiler 3 is connected to the air inlet of the plate heat exchange unit 610 . The inlet and the liquid inlet are connected, and the heating components are heating coils 620 and/or radiators 630. In the drawings provided in this embodiment, the heating components are heating coils 620 and radiators 630. In addition, the heating device 6 also A circulation pump 640 is included, and the circulation pump 640 is arranged on the pipeline between the heating assembly and the liquid inlet of the plate heat exchange unit 610 .

The biomass energy heating system also includes an upper hopper 9 and a raw material conveyor 10. The upper hopper 9 is erected on the raw material conveyor 10, and the discharge port of the upper hopper 9 is located above the feeding end of the raw material conveyor 10. The raw material conveyor The discharge end of 10 extends to the feed inlet of gasifier 1.

A method for heating with biomass energy, comprising the following steps:

a) The biomass is transported to the gasifier 1 via the upper hopper 9 and the raw material conveyor 10 and pyrolyzed into combustible gas;

b) Turn on the induced draft fan 7 to transport the combustible gas to the combustion chamber 2 for ignition. The combustion chamber 2 communicates with the inner combustion chamber of the gasification furnace 1, so that the gas in the inner combustion chamber is ignited together. After combustion, 800°C-950 ℃, most of the tar in the gas is burned and removed, and some organic acids are cracked;

c) Turn on the blower 4 and the combustion-supporting fan 5 to add oxygen to the fuel gas to further fully burn the unburned tar components in the flue gas generated after combustion, and raise the temperature to 950°C-1100°C;

d) continue to lead to the steam boiler 3, further remove volatile light tar, organic acid and moisture in the gas, exchange heat between the flue gas and the steam boiler 3, and lower the temperature to 150°C-200°C;

f) After passing through the induced draft fan 7, continue to transport to the tail gas purifier 8 to further remove tar, organic aldehydes, phenols and fine particles, to achieve impurity particle size ≤ 20mg/m ³ , impurity content ≤ 10mg/m ³ ;

g) the treated flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 11;

h) The steam generated by the steam boiler 3 enters the plate heat exchange unit 610 after heat exchange, and the plate heat exchange unit 610 converts 80°C hot water into the heating component composed of the circulating pump 640, the heating coil 620 and the radiator 630 for heating.

The biomass used is one or several kinds of straw compressed granules, wood compressed granules, apricot shells and wood shavings. Combustible gases include one or more of acid mist, formaldehyde, tar, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, oxygen, and methane.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments.

Claims (10)

1. A biomass energy heating system, characterized in that it comprises a gasifier (1), a combustion chamber (2), a steam boiler (3), a blower (4), a combustion air fan (5) and a heating device (6 ), the combustion-supporting chamber (2) communicates with the internal combustion chamber of the gasifier (1), and the blower (4) and the combustion-supporting blower (5) are respectively used to supply air to the gasifier (1) Oxygen gas is blasted into the internal combustion chamber of the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber (2), the flue gas outlet of the combustion chamber (2) is connected to the steam boiler (3), and the steam of the steam boiler (3) The outlet communicates with the steam inlet of the heating device (6). 2. A biomass heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes an induced draft fan (7), the air inlet of the induced draft fan (7) is connected with the smoke of the steam boiler (3) The exhaust port is connected. 3. A biomass heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that it also includes an exhaust gas purifier (8), and the air outlet of the induced draft fan (7) is connected to the exhaust gas purifier (8) The flue gas inlet is connected. 4. A biomass energy heating system according to claim 3, characterized in that, the tail gas purifier (8) comprises a shell and an air inlet pipe, the inside of the shell is filled with washing liquid, and the air inlet pipe One end of the trachea is connected with the air outlet of the induced draft fan (7), and the other end of the air intake pipe extends below the liquid level of the washing liquid in the housing, and the housing is provided above the liquid level. gas outlet. 5. A biomass energy heating system according to claim 4, characterized in that, the exhaust gas purifier (8) also includes a spray assembly, the spray assembly is arranged in the housing, and the The spray assembly is located above the liquid level line of the washing liquid in the housing. 6. A biomass energy heating system according to claim 5, characterized in that, a labyrinth airflow channel is provided between the liquid level line of the washing liquid and the air outlet on the housing in the housing, and the The spray assembly is located above the labyrinth air flow channel. 7. A biomass energy heating system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the heating device (6) includes a plate heat exchange unit (610) and a heating assembly, and the steam boiler (3) The steam outlet is connected with the air inlet of the plate heat exchange unit (610), and the two ends of the heating assembly are respectively connected to the liquid outlet and the inlet of the plate heat exchange unit (610) through pipelines. The liquid port is connected. 8. The biomass energy heating system according to claim 7, characterized in that, the heating component is a heating coil (620) and/or a radiator (630). 9. A biomass energy heating system according to claim 8, characterized in that, the heating device (6) further comprises a circulation pump (640), and the circulation pump (640) is arranged on the heating assembly On the pipeline between the liquid inlet of the plate heat exchange unit (610). 10. A biomass energy heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an upper hopper (9) and a raw material conveyor (10), and the upper hopper (9) is erected on the machine (10), and the discharge port of the upper hopper (9) is located above the feed end of the raw material conveyor (10), and the discharge end of the raw material conveyor (10) extends to the air At the feed inlet of the melting furnace (1).