CN101313200B - 用于料位雷达的金属化塑料天线漏斗状物 - Google Patents

用于料位雷达的金属化塑料天线漏斗状物 Download PDF

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CN101313200B
CN101313200B CN2006800436692A CN200680043669A CN101313200B CN 101313200 B CN101313200 B CN 101313200B CN 2006800436692 A CN2006800436692 A CN 2006800436692A CN 200680043669 A CN200680043669 A CN 200680043669A CN 101313200 B CN101313200 B CN 101313200B
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于尔根·莫策
约瑟夫·费伦巴赫
克劳斯·金茨勒
克里斯蒂安·苏姆
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
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    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing

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Abstract

根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种金属化塑料天线，该金属化塑料天线具有在内侧有金属化物的塑料天线本体。金属化物在此用于传导电磁波。此外，金属化物可以实施为保护涂层使得即使在腐蚀性环境条件下也保证了塑料天线的化学耐久性。

Description

用于料位雷达的金属化塑料天线漏斗状物
相关申请
本申请要求于2005年11月28日提交的美国临时专利申请60/740,228和2005年11月24日提交的德国专利申请10 2005 056 042.3的优先权，其内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及料位测量。特别地，本发明涉及一种用于料位雷达的金属化塑料天线，一种用于确定罐中料位的料位雷达，将这种金属化塑料天线用于料位测量的应用，以及一种用于制造这种金属化塑料天线的方法。
背景技术
已公开的料位测量装置具有抛物面天线或者喇叭形天线，这些天线发射或者接收雷达波或者微波，以便确定填料容器中的介质的料位。这种料位测量装置的天线在此例如设置在容器内或者(例如为了确定水位)也可设置在桥下。
目前，以板状天线的形状来制造这种天线，这些天线被深冲压(Tiefgezogen)并且相应地被焊接。此外，还使用由不锈钢构成的坚固材料，从这些材料车削出相应的天线。这种制造过程在机械上要求高并且要求高昂的费用。此外，天线的金属方式的实施还导致极大的重量，该重量尤其是在环境条件强烈波动(例如强烈的风压或者强烈加速度)的情况下会产生很不利的影响，并且由于机械的应力会部分导致系统的故障。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提供一种用于料位雷达的改进的天线。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种用于料位雷达的金属化塑料天线，该金属化塑料天线包括由塑料构成的天线本体，该天线本体具有内侧，其中天线本体的内侧具有用于传导电磁波的金属化物。
这种塑料天线在制造上比较便宜并且具有小的重量。通过天线本体的内侧金属化物可以相应地发射或者接收电磁波，例如微波或者雷达波。此外，金属化物可以提高塑料天线本体的化学耐久性，其方式是金属化物以保护涂层的形式包围整个天线本体。
根据本发明的另一实施例，天线本体的内侧构建空腔，其中空腔具有开口并且至少部分填充有填充物，该填充物封闭空腔的开口。
空腔的填充物可以用于稳定天线以及提高天线的机械强度。此外，还可以防止冷凝物或者其他污物侵入空腔。由此能够实现：该天线现在也能够使用在目前需要其他天线类型(例如不锈钢天线)的环境条件中。此外，通过该填充物还可以提高对强烈的外部压力波动的抗压性。
对于填充物可以使用不同的材料。例如，可以使用泡沫，譬如ROHACELL，或者可以使用电介质，其介电常数(εr)接近空气的值。由此，可以降低阻抗损耗。
此外，聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或者其他热塑性塑料或者玻璃纤维强化的塑料如聚苯硫醚(PPS)或者聚丙烯(PP)可以被设计作为填充材料。这种玻璃纤维强化的塑料还可以与其他合适的原料组合使用。
根据本发明的另一实施例，电磁波具有50GHz到100GHz之间的频率。尤其是，根据本发明的另一实施例的金属化塑料天线可以发射和检测具有在57GHz到64GHz之间或者在75GHz到85GHz之间的频率的电磁波。
自然，天线的尺寸也可以被确定为：使得其能够发送或者接收频率大于100GHz的电磁波或者低频率(例如频率在5GHz到30GHz之间)的电磁波。
根据本发明的另一实施例，塑料天线构造为喇叭形天线或者抛物面天线。
在抛物面天线的情况下，天线本体的具有金属化物的内侧是天线本体的活动侧(即朝着填料方向的并且用于发射或者检测电磁波的侧)。
根据本发明的另一实施例，天线本体包括玻璃纤维强化的塑料。在此，例如可以涉及具有玻璃纤维成分为大约30％的聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)。出于稳定性原因添加了这种玻璃纤维成分。自然，玻璃纤维成分也可以具有其他百分比。例如，根据要求，该玻璃纤维成分可以在20％至30％之间或者在30％或者40％之间。其他的玻璃纤维含量也是可能的并且是所希望的，以便实现例如机械的增强。
根据本发明的另一实施例，天线本体的内侧的金属化物实施为漆涂层，该漆涂层被增加了导电元素。
根据本发明的实施例，漆涂层包括填充金属的导电漆，例如铜-银-导电漆。
根据本发明的另一实施例，天线本体的内侧的金属化物实施为高真空蒸镀层。自然，金属化也可以在常压下进行或者在正常的真空中进行。然而，高真空蒸镀会使得提高金属化物的纯度。
根据本发明的另一实施例，天线本体的内侧的金属化物实施为化学电镀层。
例如，不锈钢可以用作涂层材料，然而也可以是其他材料，如铝、铜、镍、锌、铬混合物或者合金。也可以用稀有金属譬如金或者铂来进行金属化。
根据本发明的另一实施例，金属化塑料天线还包括用于封闭空腔的开口的封罩，其中封罩被实施为用于在化学上保护天线本体的内侧免受外部影响。
由此，能够保证天线的内侧对腐蚀性物质的抵抗力。在此，封罩一方面能够用于防止污染物、化学物质的影响或者也可以用于防止温度波动等等的影响。另一方面，根据本发明的另一实施例，封罩可以实施为用于聚焦电磁波的透镜。
在此，透镜例如可以非球面地实施。此外，透镜还可以根据要求球面地、凸面地或者凹面地实施。
根据本发明的另一实施例，金属化塑料天线还包括具有连接区的颈部，其中颈部的连接区相对于颈部的纵轴线具有第一角度，使得连接区可以密封地靠置到波导上。
对此，(当天线与波导相连时)波导例如相对于颈部的纵轴线具有第二角度。波导的角度在此小于天线颈部的相应角度。由此一方面得到波导与天线颈部之间的小的接触面。另一方面，通过成角度(Winkelung)使得天线颈部相对于波导的调节变得容易，因为压紧力在安装时分布到相对小的面积上，使得波导例如能够容易地被压入到天线材料中。
根据本发明的另一实施例，塑料天线的连接区具有相对于颈部的纵轴线的旋转对称性。
例如，连接区圆锥形地构造。相应地，波导的连接区于是同样圆锥形地构造，但该圆锥形具有更尖(更小)的角。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种用于确定罐中的料位的料位雷达，其中该料位雷达包括上面所描述的用于发射和/或接收电磁波的塑料天线。
料位雷达例如可以包括用于向天线馈送电磁波的波导，其中波导具有用于将波导连接到塑料天线的连接区的区域，其中波导的该区域在连接状态中相对于塑料天线的纵轴线具有角度，该角度小于塑料天线的连接区的相应角度。此外，根据本发明的该实施例，塑料天线的连接区可以密封地靠置到波导的区域上。
此外，提供了一种将根据本发明的塑料天线用于料位测量的应用。
此外，提供了一种用于制造相应的塑料天线的方法，该方法包括：提供由塑料构成的具有内侧的天线本体，以及金属化天线本体的内侧以便传导电磁波。
由此，提供了一种方法，通过该方法能够减小料位雷达天线的制造成本和重量。
根据本发明的另一实施例，在金属化之前进行内侧的等离子体活化，其中金属化具有选自漆涂布、高真空蒸镀和化学电镀的步骤。
本发明的另外的实施例、任务和优点由从属权利要求中得到。
附图说明
以下将参照附图描述本发明的优选实施例。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的料位雷达的示意性横截面图。
图2以俯视图示出了图1的料位雷达的示意性视图。
图3示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的、安装在容器上的料位雷达的示意性横截面图。
图4示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的、连接到波导上的塑料天线的示意性横截面图。
图5示出了在透镜与根据本发明的另一实施例的天线本体之间的连接。
附图中的视图是示意性的并且并不合乎比例。
具体实施例
在下面的附图描述中，相同的或者相似的元件使用相同的参考数字。
图1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的料位雷达的示意性横截面图。如在图1中可看到的那样，料位雷达主要具有金属化的塑料天线100和壳体108，该壳体将电子装置模块保护在壳体108的内部中。此外，还设置有固定件106。
塑料天线100在此用于发射和接收电磁波403、404。在此，在电子装置中产生要发射的波403并且随后通过包括波导的适配器或者连接件112馈送到天线100中。反过来，入射的波404被天线检测到并且通过连接件112借助波导传输给电子装置，接着在该电子装置中可以相应地分析入射的波。
塑料天线100包括天线本体101，该天线本体具有内侧102。天线本体101具有颈部408，该颈部被实施为用于连接标准装置，例如选自VEGA壳体系列(VEGA-Gehaeuseserie)的标准装置。
为了将固定件106安装在天线100上，在天线本体中设置开口113，套筒或者螺纹衬套能够插入到这些开口中，以便容纳相应的固定元件111(例如螺杆)。此外，螺纹衬套也能够被喷入(eingespritzt)。
天线本体101的内侧102具有金属化物103，该金属化物例如以导电漆涂布、化学电镀或者金属蒸镀的形式来施加。涂层103在此可以填充塑料天线100的整个空腔104或者也可以只填充部分区域(如图1中所示)。
自然，金属化物也可以延伸到天线100的外部区域中，以便例如提供塑料天线的完全(内部和外部的)密封。
天线100的空腔104通过相应的覆盖物譬如片或者透镜107对外封闭或者包封。因此不需要凸缘。
透镜107一方面用于保护天线内侧，另一方面用于提供透镜作用以使电磁波聚焦或者成束。通过这种方式，在相同的天线增益的情况下能够实现更短的漏斗状物的构型。
透镜例如由塑料如PTFE、聚苯硫醚构成，或者由玻璃或者陶瓷构成。
透镜107使得电磁波403的辐射角度最优，即用于聚束，并且透镜可以凸面、凹面、球面、非球面或者锥形地实施。总之，由此在其余条件相同的情况下尤其能够实现缩短天线系统。
为了可靠地密封天线100的开口105，可以设置有固定装置110，该固定装置将透镜107与天线本体101相连。也可以借助透镜外侧的螺纹来进行固定。
此外，还可以设置有凸缘109，以便将料位雷达安装在相应的容器上。
这种料位雷达例如也可以使用在恶劣的、腐蚀性的环境条件中，例如使用在化学工业的领域中，因为通过该覆盖物107提供了密封性。在此不需要额外凸缘来密封。
为了将料位雷达固定到容器上，在颈部408上可以设置固定件106。
图2以俯视图示出了图1的料位雷达的示意性视图。尤其是在此示例性地说明了固定装置110的位置。自然，孔也可以安装在其他部位。
图3示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的料位雷达的示意性横截面图，该料位雷达固定在容器303上。塑料天线101在此填充以电介质301，该介质用于稳定并且密封天线系统。
料位雷达通过其凸缘109以凸缘来固定到容器上。对此，在容器侧设置有固定凸缘306。电介质301被挤压到两个凸缘109、306之间，使得当这两个凸缘向彼此挤压时，形成密封的连接。密封性在此通过密封物302来辅助。
在透镜107与天线本体101之间的连接可以通过螺旋接合、粘合、超声波焊接、颈部元件焊接或者其他塑料处理技术来实现。根据图5的其他连接也是可能的。
图4示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的金属化塑料天线的示意性横截面，该金属化塑料天线连接到波导401上。塑料天线100对此具有颈部408，该颈部具有带有相应圆锥形形状的连接区409。波导401具有区域402，该区域实施为用于将波导401连接到塑料天线100的连接区409上。引线401例如由金属构成并且旋拧或者粘合到天线颈部408上。天线颈部408和波导端部402具有各种不同的圆锥角407、406。由此，可以提高波导401与天线100之间的密封性，使得在连接部位上不会出现环境与波导405的内部之间的物质传递。通过在将波导401安装在天线100上时的相应压紧力和可能的粘合，能够使波导401与天线颈部408之间的间隙最小，使得雷达波能够无损耗地被传输。
自然，在波导401与天线颈部408之间的其他连接也是可能的，如相应的齿连接，使得这两个部件彼此能够配合。平坦的覆盖层也是可能的。
图5示出了在透镜107与根据本发明的另一实施例的天线本体101之间的连接。透镜107在天线本体101上的固定例如借助透镜的外侧502上的螺纹来实现。因此，不需要螺杆或者粘合。此外，设置有密封环501。
本发明在其实施形式上并不限于附图中所示的优选实施形式。更为确切地说，许多变形方案也是可能的，即使实施形式基本不同但这些变形方案利用了所述的解决方案和根据本发明的原理。
补充地，要指出的是，“包括”并不排除其他特征或者步骤，“一”或者“一个”不排除多个。此外要指出的是，参照上述实施例之一所描述的特征或者步骤也可以与其他上述实施例的其他特征或步骤结合使用。在权利要求中的参考标记不应视为限制。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于料位雷达的金属化塑料天线，所述金属化塑料天线(100)包括：
由塑料构成的具有内侧(102)的天线本体(101)；
带有连接区(409)的颈部(408)；
其中所述天线本体(101)的内侧(102)具有金属化物(103)，用于传导电磁波，
其中所述塑料天线(100)构建为喇叭形天线；
其中天线本体(101)的内侧(102)构建为空腔(104)；并且
其中颈部(408)的连接区(409)相对于颈部(408)的纵轴线具有第一圆锥角(407)，使得连接区(409)密封地靠置到波导(401)上，波导(401)具有用于将该波导(401)连接到金属化塑料天线(100)的连接区(409)的区域(402)，波导的区域(402)在连接状态下相对于金属化塑料天线(100)的颈部(408)的纵轴具有第二圆锥角(406)，该第二圆锥角(406)小于所述第一圆锥角(407)，并且在天线颈部和波导之间得到小的接触面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，
-其中所述空腔(104)具有开口(105)；以及
-其中所述空腔(104)至少部分填充以填充物(301)，所述填充物封闭空腔(104)的开口(105)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中填充物(301)具有电介材料。
4.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中电磁波具有在50GHz到100GHz之间的频率。
5.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中电磁波具有在75GHz到85GHz之间的频率。
6.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中电磁波具有在5GHz到30GHz之间的频率。
7.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中天线本体(101)包括玻璃纤维强化的塑料。
8.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中天线本体(101)包括聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和玻璃纤维。
9.根据权利要求7所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中天线本体(101)的玻璃纤维含量在25％至35％之间。
10.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中天线本体(101)的内侧(102)的金属化物实施为漆涂层，该漆涂层被添加以传导元素。
11.根据权利要求10所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中漆涂层包括填充金属的导电漆。
12.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中天线本体(101)的内侧(102)的金属化物实施为高真空蒸镀层。
13.根据权利要求1或者2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中天线本体(101)的内侧(102)的金属化物实施为化学电镀层。
14.根据权利要求2所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，还包括：
用于封闭空腔(104)的开口(105)的封罩(107)；
其中该封罩(107)实施为用于化学上保护天线本体(101)的内侧(102)免受外部的影响。
15.根据权利要求14所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中封罩(107)实施为用于聚焦电磁波的透镜。
16.根据权利要求1所述的金属化塑料天线(100)，其中金属化塑料天线(100)的连接区(409)具有相对于颈部(408)的纵轴线的旋转对称性。
17.一种用于确定罐中的料位的料位雷达，所述料位雷达包括：根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的用于发射和/或接收电磁波(403；404)的金属化塑料天线(100)；
用于向金属化塑料天线(100)馈送电磁波(403；404)的波导(401)；
其中波导(401)具有用于将该波导(401)连接到金属化塑料天线(100)的连接区(409)的区域(402)；
其中波导(401)的区域(402)在连接状态下相对于金属化塑料天线(100)的颈部(408)的纵轴线具有第二圆锥角(406)；
其中金属化塑料天线(100)的连接区(409)的第一圆锥角(407)大于所述第二圆锥角(406)，使得在天线颈部和波导之间得到小的接触面，
其中金属化塑料天线(100)的连接区(409)密封地靠置到波导(401)的区域(402)上。
18.一种应用，将根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的金属化塑料天线(100)用于料位测量。
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DE102005056042B4 (de) 2015-11-05
WO2007059892A1 (de) 2007-05-31
US20070115196A1 (en) 2007-05-24
US7872610B2 (en) 2011-01-18
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EP1952100B1 (de) 2018-07-25

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