CN101309982B - 外用油漆配方 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供增加的耐污染性、丹宁粘连、粘合性和各种其它性能。根据本发明原理的组合物包括至少两种漆基、纳米颗粒颜料和颜料二氧化钛。在一个实施方案中,本发明设计在基底上的涂层,其中该涂层具有两种漆基、纳米颗粒金属氧化物颜料和颜料二氧化钛。可包括各种添加剂以配制本领域已知的油漆。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及聚合物树脂。更特别地,本发明涉及具有基于纳米颗粒的颜料和多种漆基的油漆。
发明背景
常规地,消费者必须在由胶乳油漆提供的优越的耐用性和油性油漆的优越遮盖性能之间作出选择。常规的胶乳或乳液油漆在其施加之前要求底层油漆涂层,以提供充足水平的粘连(blocking)并防止渗色,例如丹宁的渗色。另外,许多常规的胶乳油漆要求底漆以提供充足的粘合和对于特定应用来说的耐久性。通常甚至当施加底漆时,要求现有技术的油漆的多层涂层,以防止因存在底漆或者染料和颜料从底层基底中渗色导致的颜色变化。事实上,多次施加现有技术的油漆防止不了在基底,例如柏木上的渗色,这是因为染料和颜料,例如包含在基底内的丹宁常常是水溶性的且通过胶乳油漆的每一层扩散。
油漆典型地含有四种基本成分,亦即颜料、漆基、液体和添加剂。任何一种或者所有这些成分可以是单一的组分或者可包括多种物品。颜料提供油漆颜色且还使得油漆不透明,而颜料通常是矿物或有机来源,尽管一些颜料通过人工方法生产。一些颜料拥有很小的松密度(bulk)或者没有,且必需固定在更加致密(solid),但与此同时透明的物质或者基础成分上。“遮盖”颜料提供颜色和不透明度(不透明覆盖率)。最常见的遮盖颜料是二氧化钛,它为白色且在胶乳和油性油漆中使用。
常规地,颜料还赋予油漆外加的遮盖性能。也可使用特种或者体质颜料并以低的成本提供油漆松密度。常常因其对诸如耐擦洗性、耐污染性和抗粉化性之类性能的影响而选择体质颜料。为此常常使用明矾或者粘土。将这些颜料加入到油漆中,以提供一些特征,例如稠度,一定水平的光泽和耐久性。它们通常是天然存在的产品,这些产品最初存在于地壳内并为在油漆中使用而开采并纯化。这种颜料,例如碳酸钙、滑石和粘土例如广泛地用于油漆中。
漆基保持颜料并且还将其粘合到表面上,和漆基组合物可具有大于一种组分。在胶乳油漆中,胶乳树脂是漆基。最常见地,在胶乳油漆中,漆基是100%的丙烯酸、乙烯基丙烯酸(聚乙酸乙烯酯)或苯乙烯化的丙烯酸。颜料颗粒不可溶且仅仅在漆基内形成悬浮液。漆基将颜料“粘结”成坚韧、连续的膜,且如上所述辅助油漆粘合到表面上。另外,已发现,当润湿时,事先使用100%的丙烯酸漆基提供最大的粘合,且对于新的砌体上施加的油漆来说,还提供抗起泡和剥离性,抗霉菌和灰尘,以及耐碱性。
液体携带颜料和漆基,且这一液体是将蒸发的油漆或者涂料产品的一部分。流体的作用是保持油漆为流体形式以供容易施加。一旦施加到表面上,则它蒸发,从而留下均匀的膜,然后干燥,形成保护涂层。所使用的液体主要根据漆基的溶解度来确定。在油性和醇酸油漆中,液体典型地为油漆稀释剂,和在胶乳油漆中,液体典型地为水。常规地,顶级质量的油漆具有很少的液体和更多的固体(即颜料和漆基),这通过固体的百分数来测量。
添加剂是以低的含量添加的成分以提供关键的性能,例如但不限于,抗霉菌性、较好的流动和流平性,以及抗泼溅性(splatterresistance)。在常规的油漆配方中使用的常见添加剂包括流变学改性剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂、聚结剂和杀虫剂。其它许多添加剂是本领域公知的且可视需要使用,以配制具有所需性能的油漆。
本领域已知各种技术生产具有各类光泽,即“光亮(shine)”或光泽的样品。例如,通过递增地增加颜料含量和/或通过使用较大的颜料颗粒,可实现各种光泽水平,其中包括,但不限于,无光、缎光和半光。颜料体积浓度(PVC)常常与饰面漆有关,但各种罩面漆可具有重叠范围的PVC。PVC是颜料的单位体积作为颜料体积加上漆基体积的百分数。PVC代表涂层的耐久性和颜料用量之间的关系。
因此,需要油漆组合物及其制造方法,以替代底漆和涂面漆体系的常规作用且能提供具有诸如丹宁粘连(tannin blocking)、遮盖力、除污和耐腐蚀性之类性能改进的涂层。
发明概述
本发明一般地涉及具有优异的丹宁粘连、除污、耐腐蚀性、粘合性和各种其它改进性能的漆基组合物和油漆体系。本发明优选包括具有无机纳米颗粒颜料和具有颜料级二氧化钛的两种漆基体系。在一个实施方案中,根据本发明原理的油漆组合物进一步包括配制油漆的添加剂。在另一实施方案中,本发明涉及在基底上的涂层,其中通过使用至少两种漆基、无机纳米颗粒颜料和颜料级二氧化钛,改进了所述涂层的覆盖率。
附图简述
图1描述了与在白色基础成分内的可商购的外用缎子(satin)相比,具有缎光光泽和白色基础成分的本发明油漆的试验结果的多轴性能图表;
图2描述了与在白色基础成分内的可商购的外用无光漆相比,根据本发明原理的无光白色基础油漆的试验结果的多轴性能图表;
图3描述了根据本发明的半光的白色基础油漆与在白色基础成分内的可商购的外用半光油漆的试验结果相比较的多轴性能图表;
图4描述了根据本发明的无光白色基础油漆与在白色基础成分内的第二种可商购的外用无光漆相比较的多轴性能图表;和
图5描述了本发明的缎光白色基础油漆与在白色基础成分内的第二种可商购的外用缎光漆相比较的多轴性能图表。
优选实施方案的详细说明
本发明部分地涉及在油漆体系内的聚合物组合物,它用诸如丹宁粘连、除污、粘合和耐腐蚀性之类的改进性能替代底漆和面漆的常规作用。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及具有第一漆基、第二漆基、无机纳米颗粒颜料,和在一些情况下,第三漆基的组合物。这一组合物可在本领域已知的常规的油漆配方中使用。
本发明中使用的漆基包括通过常规已知的方法制备的那些。合适的漆基包括,但不限于,所制造的100%的丙烯酸树脂和苯乙烯化的丙烯酸树脂。优选地,第一漆基是为用作底漆漆料而设计的100%的丙烯酸树脂,和第二漆基是为在面漆涂布应用中使用而设计的100%丙烯酸树脂。
本发明中使用的颜料可包括本领域已知的任何合适的颜料。在一个实施方案中,本发明的颜料是二氧化钛或氧化锌,但其它合适的颜料包括霞石、黑花岗石、膨润土和碳酸钙。优选地,主要的颜料是二氧化钛,例如可商购的颜料。
在本发明的优选实施方案中使用的金属氧化物纳米颗粒材料的平均粒度为约20-150纳米,但一些实施方案可使用在这一范围以外的平均粒度。在一个优选的实施方案中,纳米颗粒材料是平均粒度为约60nm的氧化锌材料。
可根据许多已知的制造方法,根据本发明的原理制备油漆。一般地,这种方法牵涉制备漆基或者多种漆基体系,混合额外的成分,分散颜料,并调节密度和粘度到所需的水平。本领域已知的各种添加剂和稀释剂可与本发明的漆基混合,以实现油漆或涂层的一些性能。添加剂可包括,但不限于,表面活性剂、消泡剂、流变学改性剂、聚结剂、杀虫剂、杀霉菌剂、表面活性剂、和本领域已知的其它添加剂。
在一个实施方案中,制造根据本发明原理的油漆具有150g/l的VOC(挥发性有机化合物),其中包括37%体积的固体,51%重量的固体、34PVC和1.5的颜料/体积比。
根据本发明优选形式的原理的油漆中的PVC可在4-55%重量之间变化。在本发明的一个实施方案中,油漆是“半光”漆,它具有相对低的PVC。在本发明的另一实施方案中,油漆是具有相对高PVC的“缎光漆”。在本发明的另一实施方案中,油漆是与缎光漆相比,具有相对高PVC的“无光漆”。
表1列出了根据优选实施方案原理的油漆中主要成分的一般范围。聚合物(即漆基)的总量优选介于约30-60加仑/100加仑。不包括二氧化钛在内的颜料的总量优选介于约15至约150磅/100加仑。二氧化钛的含量优选介于0磅/加仑至约360磅/100加仑。防腐剂包括约5至约8磅/100加仑。额外的添加剂包括约50至约200磅/100加仑。水包括约50至约200磅/100加仑。油漆进一步包括介于约30至约45磅/100加仑的除了水以外的额外的溶剂。
表1-各成分的范围
优选的配制方法由两个常规的步骤组成:研碎和调漆。在研碎过程中,一起混合溶剂(水)、分散剂、消泡剂、氧化锌、乙二醇、氨基醇、霞石、黑花岗石、美国活性白土。在调漆过程中,将漆基、杀霉菌剂、流变学改性剂和杀虫剂加入到研碎的产品中。
下述非限制性实施例阐述了油漆配方的主要组分和油漆配方本身。表2提供实施例1-4的油漆配方中组分的材料范围。
表2-原材料范围
原材料 | 范围(1bs/100gal) |
水 | 70-220 |
共聚物分散剂 | 10-20 |
纳米颗粒无机氧化物 | 4-20 |
氧化锌 | 0-7 |
磷酸化共酯表面活性剂 | 3-6 |
矿物油消泡剂 | 4-8 |
霞石、黑花岗石 | 10-305 |
二元醇 | 0-35 |
流变学改性剂 | 15-30 |
100%丙烯酸底漆漆基 | 340-430 |
100%丙烯酸面漆漆基 | 70-100 |
苯乙烯丙烯酸面漆漆基 | 0-180 |
聚结剂 | 0-15 |
罐内杀虫剂 | 0.5-2 |
杀霉菌剂 | 6-8 |
非离子的流变学改性剂 | 7-25 |
氨基醇 | 0-1 |
二氧化钛 | 0-350 |
膨润土 | 0-6 |
氟代表面活性剂 | 0-0.4 |
不透明的聚合物 | 0-110 |
美国活性白土 | 0-8 |
非离子表面活性剂 | 0-5 |
煅烧硅藻土 | 0-45 |
实施例1-半光罩面漆
使用表2的基本组分以及下述具体组分,配制实施例1:
表3
实施例2-缎光罩面漆
使用表2的基本组分以及下述具体的组分,配制实施例2:
表4
实施例3-无光罩面漆
使用表2的基本组分以及下述具体的组分,配制实施例3:
表5
实施例4-无光罩面漆
使用表2的基本组分以及下述具体的组分,配制实施例4:
表6
粘合试验
进行各种粘合试验,以测定在不同物质上根据本发明原理的油漆的粘合性能。试验结果比较了本发明的油漆与为外用而销售的典型的可商购的油漆以及底漆体系,并在表7中列出了这些试验:
表7-通过ASTM D3359评定的粘合试验结果
*所测试的对照的丙烯酸外用底漆和对照的丙烯酸外用面漆至少与在商业市场上容易获得的那些相当。
另外,进行一组试验,以评价与在市场上目前可获得的油漆相比,在各种光泽下,根据本发明原理的油漆的总体性能。如表8和9的结果中所示,根据本发明原理制备的油漆每一种均优于所有其它的油漆。
表8-无光基准的复合分数
试验 | 优异的外用无光漆 | 商业丙烯酸无光漆 | 可能得分 |
冷冻-解冻 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
热稳定性 | 1.5 | 3 | 3 |
所施加的保持力 | 7.5 | 5 | 10 |
流平 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
补漆 | 7.5 | 10 | 10 |
干燥时间 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
抗流挂性 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
辊式发泡 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
辊式喷溅 | 1 | 0.5 | 1 |
3mil的反差比 | 20 | 6 | 20 |
干燥附着 | 12 | 7.5 | 15 |
抗起泡性 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
湿附着 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
水斑 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
总得分 | 89.5 | 66 | 100 |
**所测试的商业丙烯酸无光漆至少与商业市场上容易获得的那些相当。
根据表9看出,本发明的缎光显示出改进的流平、辊式发泡、反差和干燥附着性。
表9-缎光基准的复合分数
试验 | 优异的外用缎光漆 | 商业丙烯酸外用缎光漆*** | 商业聚硅氧烷丙烯酸外用缎光漆*** | 可能得分 |
冷冻-解冻 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
热稳定性 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
所施加的保持力 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
流平 | 5 | 2.5 | 0 | 5 |
补漆 | 7.5 | 4 | 7.5 | 10 |
干燥时间 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
抗流挂性 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
辊式发泡 | 3 | 3 | 1.5 | 3 |
辊式喷溅 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3mil的反差比 | 20 | 20 | 14 | 20 |
干燥附着 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 15 |
抗起泡性 | 15 | 7 | 15 | 9 |
湿附着 | 9 | 15 | 9 | 15 |
水斑 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
总的得分 | 94.5 | 68.5 | 82 | 100 |
***所测试的商业丙烯酸缎光外用油漆和商业聚硅氧烷丙烯酸外用缎光漆至少与在商业市场上容易获得的那些相当。
如图1、2、3、4和5所示,根据本发明原理制备的油漆显示出粘合性、丹宁粘连、除污、遮盖力和耐腐蚀性的改进。图1描述了与在白色基础成分内的可商购的外用缎子相比,具有缎光光泽和白色基础成分的本发明油漆的试验结果的多轴性能图表。另外,测量了泛黄、除污、遮盖力、耐擦洗性、腐蚀和丹宁粘连性能。图2描述了与在白色基础成分内的可商购的外用无光漆相比,根据本发明原理的无光白色基础油漆的试验结果的多轴性能图表。图3描述了本发明的半光的白色基础油漆与在白色基础成分内的可商购的外用半光油漆的试验结果相比较的多轴性能图表。除了耐擦洗性和泛黄显示出下降以外,根据本发明原理的配方的所有性能得到改进。图4描述了本发明的无光白色基础油漆与在白色基础成分内的第二种可商购的外用无光漆相比较的多轴性能图表。图5描述了本发明的缎光白色基础油漆与在白色基础成分内的第二种可商购的外用缎光漆相比较的多轴性能图表。根据本发明原理的配方的所有性能得到改进。
尽管在本申请中示出并描述了数个实施方案,但要理解可在没有脱离本发明较宽方面的情况下对本发明作出改变和改性。
Claims (10)
1.一种油漆组合物,其包括:
每100加仑450磅-每100加仑630磅的包含100%丙烯酸树脂的第一丙烯酸底漆漆基;
每100加仑50磅-每100加仑95磅的包含100%丙烯酸树脂的第二丙烯酸面漆漆基;
颜料级二氧化钛;
每100加仑2磅-每100加仑20磅并且平均粒度小于100纳米的纳米颗粒尺寸的金属氧化物颜料;
其中该油漆组合物的PVC为4-55且颜料漆基之比为0.10-3.0。
2.权利要求1的油漆组合物,其中纳米颗粒金属氧化物颜料包括氧化锌。
3.权利要求2的油漆组合物,其中纳米颗粒金属氧化物颜料包括平均粒度介于30纳米至65纳米的颗粒。
4.权利要求1的油漆组合物,还包含氧化锌颜料。
5.权利要求4的油漆组合物,其中金属氧化物纳米颗粒包含平均颗粒尺寸为30-65纳米的氧化锌颗粒。
6.权利要求1的油漆组合物,其中第一丙烯酸底漆漆基包括自交联聚合物。
7.权利要求1的油漆组合物,其中第一丙烯酸漆基包括拟用作底漆漆料的100%丙烯酸漆基。
8.权利要求1的油漆组合物,其中第一底漆漆基与第二面漆漆基之比为80∶20。
9.权利要求1的油漆组合物,进一步包括第三漆基。
10.权利要求1的油漆组合物,其中第一漆基与第二漆基之比为80∶20。
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US10/914,439 | 2004-08-09 | ||
US10/914,439 US7642309B2 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2004-08-09 | Exterior paint formulation |
PCT/US2005/022676 WO2006023064A1 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-06-28 | Exterior paint formulation |
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EP1776425B1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
TW200615346A (en) | 2006-05-16 |
EP2292702A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
CA2576746A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
AU2005277927B2 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
ATE509074T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
TWI333971B (en) | 2010-12-01 |
EP2292702B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
CA2729422C (en) | 2015-05-26 |
MX2007001380A (es) | 2007-07-04 |
US20100137495A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US8236885B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
CA2729422A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
CN101309982A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
AU2005277927A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
WO2006023064A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US7642309B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
CA2576746C (en) | 2011-03-29 |
US20060030656A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
EP1776425A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
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